CN105201489B - In gas drilling drill string, sound wave is with boring wireless data transmission method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless transmission method of acoustic wave data while drilling in a gas drilling drill string, including: (1) installing various sensors, analog-to-digital converters, and acoustic wave signal modulation required to collect downhole working condition parameters during the gas drilling process above the drill bit (2) convert the signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and send it to the acoustic signal modulator; (3) control the signal generator through the signal modulator to excite the signal containing the measurement data information The acoustic signal is uploaded along the drilling tool to the wellhead; (4) After the acoustic signal is transmitted to the wellhead through the drill string, it is collected by the acoustic signal receiver installed in the drill pipe at the wellhead; (5) After the acoustic signal is successfully collected, it is passed through the model The data conversion is transmitted to the computer, and the computer performs analysis and processing. The invention is reliable in principle and easy to operate, uses the gas in the drill string as the downhole acoustic signal transmission channel, and solves the problem of real-time transmission of downhole test data while drilling in gas drilling.

Description

Wireless Transmission Method of Acoustic Wave While Drilling Data in Gas Drilling Drill String

technical field

The invention relates to a wireless transmission method for acoustic wave while drilling data in a gas drilling drill string, belonging to a transmission method for gas drilling while drilling test data in the field of oil and gas exploitation.

Background technique

Gas drilling technology has become the key to the development of large-scale low-grade oil and gas resources and deep oil and gas resources due to its unique advantages in timely discovery and protection of reservoirs, large-scale increase in drilling rate and single well production, and effective prevention and overcoming of vicious lost circulation. technology. In particular, the combination of gas drilling technology and special trajectory wells has outstanding technical advantages in the development of large-scale low-grade oil and gas resources, and can achieve the effect of increasing single well production several times to dozens of times. However, the application of gas drilling also faces many problems, especially formation water production and wellbore trajectory control to a large extent limit the development of this technology, if the downhole working parameters can be monitored in real time during gas drilling, and timely Corresponding treatment measures can ensure that gas drilling is performed more safely and efficiently.

The measurement-while-drilling technology is an important guarantee for fast and high-quality drilling. The core issue is signal transmission. The channels in the existing measurement-while-drilling technology mainly include mud pulse, electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave. Gas-phase circulating medium is used in gas drilling. Due to the compressibility of gas, conventional mud pulse telemetry technology cannot be used. Electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling technology transmits signals through electromagnetic waves propagating in the formation, and is not affected by the circulating medium. However, it is currently difficult to break through 3000 meters, especially in low-resistivity formations, the signal transmission distance is more limited. The Chinese patent "Gas Drilling Subsurface Data Wireless Transmission Method While Drilling" (200810046435.4) discloses a wireless transmission of downhole data using microwaves in the drill string. method, in which the use of relay transmission can increase the distance of wireless transmission of gas drilling downhole data to a certain extent, but due to the short communication distance between single-stage nodes, a large number of relays need to be introduced, which brings great inconvenience to the actual operation. A lot of inconvenience. Acoustic wave transmission technology, as a potential technology to solve the measurement-while-drilling problem of gas drilling, has attracted extensive attention in the industry in recent years. The conventional acoustic wave transmission technology uses the drill string system as the signal transmission channel. Due to the impact of rock breaking, well wall friction and collision and other interference factors, the effect is not ideal, and no mature products have been put into commercial application at present.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for wireless transmission of acoustic wave data while drilling in the gas drilling drill string. The problem of transmission overcomes the deficiencies of existing gas drilling measurement-while-drilling technology in terms of transmission distance and channel interference, and has broad market prospects.

In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

Referring to the working principle of the stethoscope used in medicine and the uploading microphone of the ship, the weak sound waves generated by the internal organs of the human body can be transmitted to the earpiece through the pipe for the doctor to diagnose the disease. The ship staff can use the pipe to realize the internal communication of the ship, proving A pipe is a good waveguide for sound wave transmission.

The structure of the drill pipe used in drilling is similar to a long straight circular pipe, which can be regarded as a cylindrical acoustic waveguide from the acoustic point of view. The gas drilling technology replaces the circulation of liquid drilling fluid with compressed gas, which is the acoustic wave inside the drill pipe. Transmission creates a good communication environment. For this reason, a wireless transmission method of data while drilling using the acoustic wave in the drill string as a channel in gas drilling is proposed, so as to solve the problem of measurement while drilling in gas drilling.

The wireless transmission method of acoustic wave data while drilling in the gas drilling drill string changes the propagation medium of the existing acoustic wave transmission method while drilling, and uses the gas in the drill string as the channel for downhole acoustic signal transmission. It mainly includes the following steps:

(1) In view of problems such as formation water production, formation gas production, downhole explosion, wellbore instability, drilling tool failure, wellbore trajectory control and other issues in the process of gas drilling, the gas drilling process required to collect downhole working conditions is installed above the drill bit Parameters of various sensors, analog-to-digital converters, acoustic signal modulators, acoustic signal generators;

(2) Convert the signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and send it to the acoustic signal modulator;

(3) Use the high-speed gas injected during the gas drilling process to provide energy for the downhole sound source, and control the signal generator through the signal modulator to excite the sound wave signal containing the measurement data information, and upload it along the drilling tool to the wellhead;

(4) After the acoustic signal is transmitted to the wellhead through the drill string, it is collected by the acoustic signal receiver installed in the drill pipe at the wellhead;

(5) After the sound wave signal is successfully collected, it is transmitted to the computer through analog-to-digital conversion, and the computer performs analysis and processing.

The downhole operating condition parameters required to be collected during the gas drilling process include downhole engineering parameters, wellbore trajectory parameters and formation parameters.

The downhole engineering parameters include bottomhole pressure, temperature, annular water content, gas components, bottomhole drilling pressure, torque, effectively prevent and control formation water production, formation gas production, downhole explosion, wellbore instability, drilling tools Failure and other complex situations, to ensure downhole safety during gas drilling.

The wellbore trajectory parameters include well inclination angle, azimuth angle, and tool face angle, which provide a basis for directional wellbore trajectory control.

The formation parameters include formation resistivity, natural gamma ray, porosity, and density parameters, which help to understand formation characteristics in real time during gas drilling and improve drilling efficiency.

The measurement sensor for the azimuth angle in the borehole trajectory parameters needs to be installed in the downhole non-magnetic drill collar to avoid the influence of the geomagnetic field on the measurement azimuth angle, and other sensors, analog-to-digital converters, signal modulators, and signal generators do not need Non-magnetic working environment. Therefore, various sensors, analog-to-digital converters, acoustic signal modulators, and acoustic signal generators are assembled in the sub-section of the non-magnetic drilling tool and lowered into the bottom of the well, and a corresponding battery power supply system needs to be configured.

The acoustic wave signal generator utilizes the acoustic principle of the resonant cavity, and utilizes the high-speed flowing gas injected during the gas drilling process to provide energy, so as to generate ultra-high-power acoustic wave signals.

The acoustic signal modulator realizes the modulation of the downhole sound source signal by changing the structure of the resonant cavity in the acoustic signal generator, and the mode of signal modulation is optimized according to the amount of downhole uploaded data.

There is a sound wave signal repeater inside the drilling tool. When the sound wave signal from downhole is attenuated to the point that it cannot be effectively transmitted to the wellhead, the repeater will forward it to extend the transmission distance and ensure that the wellhead can receive effective sound wave signals. The working principle of the repeater is similar to that of the underground sound source, and it also has the functions of acoustic signal reception, analog-to-digital conversion, signal demodulation and modulation, and transmission.

In the process of uploading the downhole acoustic signal, the inner diameter of the drilling tool may change, and the carrier frequency can be adjusted by the acoustic signal modulator to improve the transmission efficiency.

The sound wave signal receiver is installed at the non-rotating place of the wellhead, and the acquisition probe needs to enter the drilling tool, and the collected sound wave signal with information uploaded from the downhole is sent to the computer, and the computer completes the decoding process.

If two-way communication is realized by means of acoustic wave transmission in the drill string in gas drilling, it is necessary to add an acoustic wave signal generator at the wellhead, and send instructions to downhole equipment through reverse transmission for control.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses the gas in the drill string as the medium for transmitting the acoustic signal, installs the sensor above the drill bit to collect the signal, and converts the collected analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, a signal modulator and a signal generator. The signal is then modulated into an acoustic wave signal, which is transmitted to the wellhead receiving device through a distance in the drill pipe, and then sent to the computer for processing after demodulation. On the one hand, it can effectively improve the communication distance of wireless signal transmission while drilling in gas drilling. The noise interference caused by the collision between the drilling tool and the well wall in the existing acoustic wave transmission method using the drill pipe as the medium is avoided.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the device used in the present invention.

In the figure: 1—downhole engineering parameters, 2—wellbore trajectory parameters, 3—formation parameters, 4—analog-to-digital converter, 5—acoustic signal modulator, 6—acoustic signal generator, 7—downhole drilling tool nipple, 8, 9—repeater, 10—acoustic signal receiver, 11—computer, 12—pressure sensor, 13—temperature sensor, 14—dust water content sensor, 15—gas component sensor, 16—bottom hole drilling pressure sensor , 17—bottomhole torque sensor, 18—electronic compass, 19—formation resistivity sensor, 20—natural gamma ray sensor, 21—porosity sensor, 22—density sensor.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

As shown in Figure 1, the device used in the wireless transmission method of acoustic wave while drilling data in the gas drilling drill string includes a downhole drilling tool nipple 7 arranged above the drill bit, a repeater 8 in the drilling tool for extending the acoustic communication distance, 9. Wellhead acoustic wave signal receiver 10 and computer 11 .

The downhole drilling tool nipple 7 is placed above the drill bit, and various parameter sensors 12-22, analog-to-digital converters 4, acoustic signal modulators 5, Acoustic signal generator 6 and the required battery power supply system.

Downhole engineering parameter 1 includes pressure sensor 12, temperature sensor 13, dust water content sensor 14, gas component sensor 15, bottom hole pressure on bit sensor 16, bottom hole torque sensor 17; wellbore trajectory parameter 2 includes electronic compass 18; The formation parameter 3 includes a formation resistivity sensor 19 , a natural gamma ray sensor 20 , a porosity sensor 21 , and a density sensor 22 .

The analog-to-digital converter 4 converts the analog signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal, and the acoustic wave signal modulator 5 modulates the internal structure of the acoustic wave signal generator 6 according to the output result of the analog-to-digital converter 4 to generate a corresponding acoustic wave signal, which is sent along the drilling tool to the wellhead. to upload.

The repeaters 8 and 9 need to be added when the acoustic signal attenuation degree of the underground uploading is serious and cannot be received effectively, and the quantity to be added shall be determined according to the measurement depth.

The wellhead acoustic signal receiver 10 is installed at the non-rotating part of the wellhead, and its probe needs to be placed in the wellhead drilling tool to collect the downhole acoustic signal carrying measurement information.

The wellhead acoustic signal receiver 10 sends the collected acoustic signals to the computer 11, and the computer 11 decodes and processes the signals to realize the wireless transmission of downhole measurement data while drilling.

There will be a certain length of drill collar in the lower BHA of conventional gas drilling. During the transmission process, the acoustic signal uploaded by the downhole equipment must first pass through the drill collar part with a smaller inner diameter, and then enter the drill pipe part with a larger inner diameter. According to the waveguide theory, the transmission capability and distance of the acoustic wave signal are related to the inner diameter of the drilling tool. Therefore, different acoustic wave carrier frequencies can be selected according to the inner diameter of the drilling tool to improve the transmission efficiency.

Claims (6)

1. The wireless transmission method of acoustic wave data while drilling in the gas drilling drill string is characterized in that, the gas in the drill string is used as the channel for downhole acoustic signal transmission, and the following steps are sequentially included: (1) Various sensors, analog-to-digital converters, acoustic wave signal modulators, and acoustic wave signal generators required to collect downhole operating parameters during gas drilling are installed above the drill bit. The signal modulator and acoustic signal generator are assembled in the non-magnetic drilling tool nipple and lowered into the bottom of the well, and the corresponding battery power supply system is configured; (2) Convert the signal collected by the sensor into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and send it to the acoustic signal modulator; (3) The signal generator is controlled by the signal modulator to excite the acoustic wave signal containing the measurement data information, which means that the signal generator uses the sounding principle of the resonant cavity to provide energy by injecting high-speed flowing gas during the gas drilling process to generate super-power sound waves The signal is uploaded along the drilling tool to the wellhead; (4) After the acoustic signal is transmitted to the wellhead through the gas in the drill string, it is collected by the acoustic signal receiver installed in the drill pipe at the wellhead; (5) After the sound wave signal is successfully collected, it is transmitted to the computer through analog-to-digital conversion, and the computer performs analysis and processing. 2. The wireless transmission method of acoustic wave data while drilling in the gas drilling drill string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downhole working condition parameters required to be collected in the gas drilling process include downhole engineering parameters, borehole trajectory parameters and formation parameters. parameters; the downhole engineering parameters include bottomhole pressure, temperature, annular water content, gas components, bottomhole pressure on bit, and torque; the wellbore trajectory parameters include well inclination, azimuth, and tool face angle; Formation parameters include formation resistivity, natural gamma ray, porosity, and density parameters. 3. The wireless transmission method of acoustic wave data while drilling in the gas drilling drill string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave signal modulator realizes the downhole sound source signal by changing the structure of the resonant cavity in the acoustic signal generator modulation. 4. The method for wirelessly transmitting acoustic wave data while drilling in a gas drilling drill string according to claim 1, wherein an acoustic signal repeater is provided inside the drilling tool. 5. The method for wireless transmission of acoustic wave data while drilling in a gas drilling drill string according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the process of uploading the downhole acoustic signal, the carrier frequency is adjusted by the acoustic signal modulator to improve the transmission efficiency. 6. The method for wireless transmission of acoustic waves while drilling data in the gas drilling drill string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave signal receiver is installed at the non-rotating place of the wellhead, and the acquisition probe enters the drilling tool, and the acoustic wave collected is The signal is sent to the computer.