CN105093289A - Seismic horizon identification method based on image processing - Google Patents
Seismic horizon identification method based on image processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105093289A CN105093289A CN201410217192.1A CN201410217192A CN105093289A CN 105093289 A CN105093289 A CN 105093289A CN 201410217192 A CN201410217192 A CN 201410217192A CN 105093289 A CN105093289 A CN 105093289A
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic horizon identification method based on image processing, wherein the seismic horizon identification method belong to the field of seismic exploration and development for oil gas, shale oil gas and coalbed gas. The seismic horizon identification method comprises the steps of (1) performing smoothing processing on a seismic profile original picture, and obtaining the pixel value of each pixel after smoothing processing, namely the value of each bit; (2) pixel point subtraction processing, subtracting the pixel value of the corresponding smoothed pixel from the original pixel value of the pixel, thereby obtaining a new pixel value; (3) gray-scale processing, for each pixel, finding a maximal value in each of B, G and R bytes, and making the value of the B, B and R bytes of the pixel be equal with the maximal value; and (4) performing black-and-white processing, setting a threshold T, for each pixel, if the pixel value after gray-scale processing is smaller than T, assigning the values of the three bytes of the pixel to 0; and if the pixel value is larger than T, assigning the values of the three bytes of the pixel to 255.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil gas, shale oil gas and coalbed gas seismic exploration and development field, be specifically related to a kind of seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing.
Background technology
In seismic interpretation, seismic horizon is explained is a very important job, and traditional seismic horizon extracting method is all labor-intensive.Namely on two-dimension earthquake section, utilize continuous reflection in the same way axle carry out tracking and obtain seismic horizon.In addition the method for some seismic horizon automatic tracings is also had, the ultimate principle of these methods is the sample points in the upper and lower certain hour of inspection seismic trace Seed Points, find on waveform similarity combination or adjacent seismic trace can accept related coefficient at time orientation, thus determine the position of seismic horizon.
At present still not based on the seismic horizon identification correlation technique of image procossing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing is provided, the combination of certain methods in image procossing is utilized effectively two-dimension earthquake section to be carried out to the quick identification of seismic horizon, the model data that the recognition methods of this kind of seismic horizon contributes to setting up rapidly earthquake prestack, post-stack inversion, two-dimension earthquake are just being drilled is the exploration of conventional gas and oil, shale oil gas and coal-seam gas, exploitation service.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing, single pixel in the metadata operated in described method 24 BMP forms, the size of a pixel is 4 bytes, wherein first character joint deposits blue brightness B, second byte deposits green brightness G, 3rd byte deposits red brightness R, and the 4th byte deposits transparency A, and each byte span is the integer between 0 to 255;
Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) to the smoothing process of the former figure of seismic section, the pixel value of each pixel after smoothing processing is obtained, i.e. the value of each byte;
(2) pixel subtracts each other process: the pixel value original pixel value of pixel being deducted this pixel after corresponding smoothing processing, obtains new pixel value;
(3) gray proces: to each pixel, all maximizing in its B, G, R tri-bytes, then allow the value of B, G, R tri-bytes of this pixel all equal this maximal value;
(4) the equal assignment of value of three of its pixel bytes, to each pixel, if the pixel value after gray proces is less than T, is so then 0 by black whitening processing: set a threshold value T; If pixel value is greater than T, be so then 255 by the value average assignment of three of its pixel bytes.
Described step (1) is achieved in that
Adopt the smoothing process of mean filter smoothing algorithm, specific as follows:
The former figure of seismic section sets a template to object pixel, and this template includes object pixel and adjacent pixels around thereof, then with the pixel value that the mean value of the entire pixels in template replaces object pixel original.
In described step (4)
The span of described threshold value T is between 0 ~ 255.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the quick identification effectively can carrying out seismic horizon after utilizing the combined treatment of certain methods in image procossing (level and smooth, gray scale) to two-dimension earthquake section, the model data that the recognition methods of this kind of seismic horizon contributes to setting up rapidly earthquake prestack, post-stack inversion, two-dimension earthquake are just being drilled is the exploration of conventional gas and oil, shale oil gas and coal-seam gas, exploitation service.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the pixel data structural drawing in BMP form.
Fig. 2 is the mean filter template of 3 × 3.
Fig. 3 is the conversion that color pixel cell arrives gray-scale pixels point.
Fig. 4 black and white pixel transitions schematic diagram.
The former figure of Fig. 5 seismic section.
Fig. 6 smoothing processing pixel subtract each other after design sketch.
Fig. 7 gray proces design sketch.
Fig. 8 black and white treatment effect figure.
The step block diagram of Fig. 9 the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Single pixel (or claiming data bitmap) in metadata 24 BMP (Bitmap) forms operated in the present invention, the size of a pixel is 4 bytes (BGRA).Wherein first character joint deposits blue brightness (B), second byte deposits green brightness (G), 3rd byte deposits red brightness (R), 4th byte deposits transparency (A, do not use in the present invention), each byte span is the integer between 0 to 255.In addition the scan mode of BMP file layout image be by from left to right, the order of to fall down from above.The data structure of pixel as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 9, the seismic horizon recognition methods that the present invention is based on image procossing is mainly divided into following 4 steps:
(1) to the smoothing process of the former figure of seismic section
Smoothing processing method of the present invention is that (if adopt other algorithm, its effect is poorer than the result of this algorithm for mean filter smoothing algorithm.), it refer on image to object pixel give a template, this template includes adjacent pixels (8 pixels of the surrounding centered by target pixel and object pixel around it, form a Filtering Template), then replace original pixel value with the mean value of the entire pixels in template.
Its algorithm flow is to pending current pixel point (x, y), selects the template of 3 × 3, this template is made up of some pixels of its neighbour, the average of all pixels in seeking template, then gives current pixel point (x this average, y), namely individual
(doing this process to 4 bytes respectively), wherein m is the total number of pixel comprising current pixel in this template.As shown in Figure 2:
(2) pixel subtracts each other process
The value of each byte of preimage element is deducted the value of each byte of the pixel that smoothing processing is crossed, obtain new pixel (namely the value of this pixel is exactly both differences).
(3) gray proces
Doing smoothing processing and on the pixel basis of subtracting each other (i.e. step (2) obtain new pixel), also needing the gray proces carrying out view data.In pixel data structure mentioned above, if the value of B, G, R tri-bytes is variant, so this pixel will embody color displays.If the value of B, G, R tri-bytes is completely equal, so this pixel only will embody gray scale display, and the rank of gray scale is 0 to 255.
Determine that each pixel grayscale method for distinguishing is maximizing in B, G, R tri-bytes in the present invention, then allow B, G, R tri-bytes all equal this maximal value.As shown in Figure 3.
(4) black whitening processing
In pixel data structure mentioned above, if the value of B, G, R tri-bytes is completely equal, and value is all 0, and so this pixel will be shown as standard black.If the value of B, G, R tri-bytes is completely equal, and value is all 255, and so this pixel will be shown as reference white.
After completing gray proces, also need to carry out black whitening processing.So-called black whitening processing is exactly on the basis of gray-scale map, setting a threshold value T (span is between 0 ~ 255) (generally arranges default value between 100 ~ 130, but in software programming, value between 0 ~ 255 is all put to user's adjustment, to adapt to extreme case).If pixel value (after gray processing) is less than T, be so then 0 by its assignment; If pixel value is greater than T, be so then 255 by its assignment; As shown in Figure 4.
Seismic horizon form basic after black and white just embodies, by seismic horizon abbreviation from the cromogram of numerous and disorderly complexity be intuitively, black and white bicolorable graph clearly.With this figure for foundation, the work that seismic interpretation personnel do learns to write by tracing over characters printed in red according to this figure or adopt some other means to record its information.
The method and technology that the present invention relates to is one and is applicable to the exploratory development of the conventional gas and oil based on lithologic trap and the exploratory development of unconventional (coal-seam gas and shale gas) oil gas, its gordian technique effectively to carry out the quick identification of seismic horizon after utilizing the combined treatment of certain methods in image procossing (level and smooth, gray scale), the model data that the recognition methods of this kind of seismic horizon contributes to setting up rapidly earthquake prestack, post-stack inversion, two-dimension earthquake are just being drilled is the exploration of conventional gas and oil, shale oil gas and coal-seam gas, exploitation service.
Here is one embodiment of the present of invention:
Fig. 5 is the former figure of seismic section (this figure is cromogram originally), Fig. 6 carries out smoothing processing and design sketch (this figure is cromogram originally) after pixel being subtracted each other on the former figure of seismic section, obviously can see that seismic horizon is sketched the contours of from Fig. 6.Fig. 7 is gray proces design sketch (this figure is gray-scale map), variegated by removing further after gray proces.Fig. 8 is black and white treatment effect figure.The object generating artwork master is by data binaryzation (0 or 255), better can adapt to post-processed like this.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (3)
1. the seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing, single pixel in the metadata operated in described method 24 BMP forms, the size of a pixel is 4 bytes, wherein first character joint deposits blue brightness B, second byte deposits green brightness G, and the 3rd byte deposits red brightness R, and the 4th byte deposits transparency A, each byte span is the integer between 0 to 255, it is characterized in that:
Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) to the smoothing process of the former figure of seismic section, the pixel value of each pixel after smoothing processing is obtained, i.e. the value of each byte;
(2) pixel subtracts each other process: the pixel value original pixel value of pixel being deducted this pixel after corresponding smoothing processing, obtains new pixel value;
(3) gray proces: to each pixel, all maximizing in its B, G, R tri-bytes, then allow the value of B, G, R tri-bytes of this pixel all equal this maximal value;
(4) the equal assignment of value of three of its pixel bytes, to each pixel, if the pixel value after gray proces is less than T, is so then 0 by black whitening processing: set a threshold value T; If pixel value is greater than T, be so then 255 by the value average assignment of three of its pixel bytes.
2. the seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) is achieved in that
Adopt the smoothing process of mean filter smoothing algorithm, specific as follows:
The former figure of seismic section sets a template to object pixel, and this template includes object pixel and adjacent pixels around thereof, then with the pixel value that the mean value of the entire pixels in template replaces object pixel original.
3. the seismic horizon recognition methods based on image procossing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (4)
The span of described threshold value T is between 0 ~ 255.
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| CN106951924A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 东北石油大学 | Acceleration Algorithm in Seismic Coherence Cube image slices automatic identifying method and system based on AdaBoost algorithms |
| CN108008446A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 西南石油大学 | Seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method |
| CN109538197A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Oil and gas reservoir well drilling rail determines method, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN110967747A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic attribute matching body obtaining method and system |
| CN110967741A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting in-phase axis based on graphics |
| CN111965698A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Shallow stratum boundary extraction method and processing terminal |
| US10914852B2 (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2021-02-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Unsupervised identification of seismic horizons using swarms of cooperating agents |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10914852B2 (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2021-02-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Unsupervised identification of seismic horizons using swarms of cooperating agents |
| CN106951924A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 东北石油大学 | Acceleration Algorithm in Seismic Coherence Cube image slices automatic identifying method and system based on AdaBoost algorithms |
| CN106951924B (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2020-01-07 | 东北石油大学 | Seismic coherence body image fault automatic identification method and system based on AdaBoost algorithm |
| CN108008446A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 西南石油大学 | Seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method |
| CN110967741A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting in-phase axis based on graphics |
| CN110967747A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic attribute matching body obtaining method and system |
| CN109538197A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Oil and gas reservoir well drilling rail determines method, apparatus and storage medium |
| WO2020088389A1 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and device for computer-based autonomous planning of drilling track for petroleum gas reservoir as well as storage medium |
| CN111965698A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Shallow stratum boundary extraction method and processing terminal |
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