CN105088035B - A high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material of one kind and preparation method thereof.Belong to electrical material preparing technical field.The aluminum-alloy conductor material is mainly made up of aluminium, magnesium, copper, iron and boron and inevitable impurity element.Its preparation method is to melt technical pure aluminium ingot, is added into melt after the intermediate alloy of magnesium, copper, iron and boron, agitated, refining, stokehold fast analyzing constituent, composition adjustment, standing, and continuous casting and rolling is into circular aluminium alloy rod.Electrical conductivity >=59.2%IACS of the aluminum-alloy conductor material, tensile strength >=240MPa, elongation percentage >=2.0%.Instant component reasonable mixture ratio, preparation technology are simple, and continuous casting and rolling is to obtain the nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material with high conductance and preferable tensile strength；Continuous production is easy to implement, can effectively lower production cost and the energy resource consumption of aluminium alloy conductor, manufacture efficiency is high, remarkable in economical benefits, suitable for industrial applications.

Description

A high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to a conductor material for wires and cables, in particular to a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrical material preparation.

Background technique

With the development of my country's national economy, the demand for electricity continues to increase, and the requirements for power energy transmission are getting higher and higher. The construction of a "strong smart grid" based on ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage lines has attracted increasing attention. Under the strategic deployment of "power transmission from west to east, mutual supply between north and south, and national networking", under the demand of "two types and three new" power grid construction of "resource-saving, environment-friendly and new technologies, new materials, and new processes" , improve the strength, elongation and conductivity of the transmission wire, and establish a high-voltage, large-capacity, and long-distance transmission wire has become the development direction of the aluminum alloy wire. However, the strength and electrical conductivity of aluminum alloy conductor materials are a pair of contradictions, and the two are often caught in the dilemma of trade-offs. How to better balance the two indicators has become the key to the development of aluminum alloys. The non-heat-treated aluminum conductor material has high strength and good electrical conductivity, which can eliminate the heat treatment process, reduce manufacturing costs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and have significant energy-saving, environmental protection and economic benefits.

Microalloying is an effective means to improve alloy properties, such as Chinese patents CN102816960B, CN101770828B, and CN102363849B, all realize the preparation of non-heat-treatable aluminum conductor materials by means of microalloying. Wherein patent CN102816960B develops the elongation rate of the non-heat treatment aluminum alloy conductor material to reach 2%, but the electrical conductivity of the material only reaches 57.5% IACS, and the tensile strength is 225MPa. Patent CN101770828B obtained an aluminum alloy conductor material with a conductivity greater than 60% IACS by adjusting the alloy composition and improving the processing technology, but the tensile strength of the material only reached 171MPa, and the elongation of the material was not reported. Patent CN102363849B discloses a non-heat-treated high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material with a conductivity greater than 61% IACS and an elongation greater than 2.0%, but the tensile strength of the material is only 160-170 MPa. With the promotion of all-aluminum alloy stranded wires, the requirements for the strength index of aluminum alloy materials are getting higher and higher. How to improve the strength index of materials under the condition of relatively high conductivity has become a hot research topic for cable workers.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material with reasonable component ratio and simple preparation process and a preparation method. The aluminum alloy conductor material prepared by the invention has high strength, high electrical conductivity, and large elongation, and can realize a tensile strength of 240 MPa, an elongation of 2.0%, and an electrical conductivity of 59.2% IACS without heat treatment.

A high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material of the present invention comprises the following components, which are composed by mass percentage:

Mg 0.10～0.20wt%,

Cu 0.20～0.30wt%,

Fe 0.15～0.30wt%,

B 0.05～0.10wt%,

The unavoidable impurity silicon content is less than 0.05%, the total content of impurity titanium, vanadium, chromium and manganese is less than 0.01%; aluminum is the balance.

The high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material of the present invention also contains niobium, and the mass percentage of niobium is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.20%.

The high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material of the present invention also contains erbium, and the mass percentage of erbium is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.10%.

The preparation method of a kind of high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material of the present invention is to select industrial pure aluminum ingot, magnesium, copper, iron, boron master alloy respectively according to the aluminum conductor material component distribution ratio of design; Melt 99.7% industrial pure aluminum ingots, add magnesium, copper, iron and boron master alloys to the melt, keep warm at 740°C to 760°C, after the master alloys are completely melted, stir, refine, and quickly analyze the components before the furnace , composition adjustment, and standing still, continuous casting and rolling into round aluminum alloy rods.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material, wherein the master alloy of magnesium, copper, iron and boron is an aluminum-based master alloy of magnesium, copper, iron and boron.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material. After the master alloy is completely melted, niobium and/or niobium with a mass percentage greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.20% are added to the alloy melt Greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.10% erbium; said niobium and/or erbium is added as a master alloy.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material. The continuous casting and rolling process parameters are as follows: rolling temperature 480°C-530°C, finishing rolling temperature 200°C-280°C, total deformation ≥ 90 %; The preferred rolling temperature is 480-510°C, the finish rolling temperature is 200-240°C, and the total deformation is ≥93%.

The high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material of the present invention is microalloyed with copper, magnesium and iron, which effectively improves the strength of the conductive aluminum alloy; adding a trace amount of alloy element boron effectively improves the strength of the conductive aluminum alloy. Conductivity; compound addition of niobium and/or erbium can effectively refine the grains of the conductive aluminum alloy, improve the heat resistance of the alloy and purify the matrix. The present invention adopts the addition of the above-mentioned multi-component trace alloy elements, and realizes the preparation of a high-conductivity medium-strength non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material through the synergistic effect of each component. The conductivity of the prepared aluminum alloy material reaches 59.2% IACS, The tensile strength is greater than 240MPa, and the elongation is greater than 2.0%, which is higher in strength and plasticity than non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor materials prepared in the prior art, and has comparable electrical conductivity.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention provides a novel material for the field of wire and cable conductor materials. The present invention obtains medium-strength aluminum alloys through composite microalloying of aluminum-magnesium alloys, aluminum-copper alloys and aluminum-iron alloys. On this basis, by adding aluminum-boron and aluminum-erbium alloys, the form and quantity of impurities are effectively controlled; Alloy, to refine the grain of the alloy, followed by continuous casting and rolling, control the rolling temperature at 480°C-530°C, the final rolling temperature at 200°C-280°C, the total deformation ≥ 90%, and finally obtain high strength , aluminum alloy material with good toughness and high conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention reaches 59.2% IACS, the tensile strength is greater than 240 MPa, and the elongation rate is greater than 2.0%, which is higher in strength and plasticity than the non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material prepared in the prior art, and has comparable electrical conductivity. Using the material of the present invention to manufacture all-aluminum alloy stranded wire can be directly produced by continuous casting and rolling, which can avoid the heat treatment process, do not need to homogenize the alloy ingot or alloy bar, and cancel the aging of high-strength aluminum alloy Therefore, it can solve the bottleneck problem of non-continuous production due to heat treatment, reduce the manufacturing cost of aluminum alloy wire, improve production efficiency, and have significant energy-saving, environmental protection and economic benefit significance.

In summary, the composition ratio of the present invention is reasonable, the preparation process is simple, and continuous casting and rolling can obtain a non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor material with high electrical conductivity and good tensile strength; it is convenient for continuous production and can effectively reduce The production cost and energy consumption of the aluminum alloy wire are high in manufacturing efficiency and remarkable in economic benefit, and are suitable for industrial application.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the metallographic photograph of the as-cast structure of the alloy prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the alloy prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the as-cast structure of the alloy prepared in Example 2 presents a typical distribution of equiaxed dendrites, and the grain size is about 200 μm.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that no diffraction peaks of the second phase appear in the alloy prepared in Example 2, indicating that the alloy elements mainly exist in the form of solid solution or a small amount of compounds in the matrix, but it is difficult for experimental instruments to identify them. does it exist.

detailed description

Example 1

Industrial pure aluminum ingots with a purity greater than 99.7% (where Si<2.5×10 ^-3 %), Al-11.07% Mg master alloy, Al-37.41% Cu master alloy, Al-5.0% Fe master alloy and Al-2.5% B master alloy is used as raw material, put industrial pure aluminum into the melting furnace to melt, the alloy liquid is kept warm at 740°C-760°C, add aluminum-magnesium master alloy, aluminum-copper master alloy, aluminum-iron master alloy and aluminum-boron master alloy to make each The mass percentage of elements is: 0.11% of magnesium, 0.21% of copper, 0.17% of iron, 0.059% of boron, control the impurity silicon content to 0.034%, control the sum of titanium, vanadium, chromium and manganese impurity elements to 0.0058%, Aluminum is the balance. After the master alloy is completely melted, it is continuously cast and rolled into a round aluminum alloy rod after stirring, refining, rapid composition analysis before the furnace, composition adjustment, and standing. The rolling temperature is 500°C and the final rolling temperature is 240°C. , The rolling deformation is 90.3%. Conduct conductivity and strength performance tests on aluminum conductor materials, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Comprehensive performance evaluation table of aluminum alloy conductor materials

Example 2

Industrial pure aluminum ingots with a purity greater than 99.7% (where Si<2.5×10 ^-4 %), Al-11.07% Mg master alloy, Al-37.41% Cu master alloy, Al-5.0% Fe master alloy, Al-2.5% B master alloy and Al-9.53% Er master alloy as raw materials, put industrial pure aluminum into the melting furnace to melt, the alloy liquid is kept at 740°C-760°C, add aluminum-magnesium master alloy, aluminum-copper master alloy, aluminum-iron master alloy , aluminum-boron master alloy and aluminum-erbium master alloy, so that the mass percentage of each element is: magnesium is 0.13%, copper is 0.23%, iron is 0.16%, boron is 0.087%, erbium is 0.079%, and the silicon content of the control impurity reaches 0.028 %, the total content of titanium, vanadium, chromium, and manganese impurity elements is controlled to reach 0.0071%, and aluminum is the balance. After the master alloy is completely melted, after stirring, refining, rapid composition analysis before the furnace, composition adjustment, and standing still, it is continuously cast and rolled into a round aluminum alloy rod. The rolling temperature is 530°C and the final rolling temperature is 280°C. , The rolling deformation is 90.8%. Conduct conductivity and strength performance tests on aluminum conductor materials, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Comprehensive performance evaluation table of aluminum alloy conductor materials

Example 3

Industrial pure aluminum ingots with a purity greater than 99.7% (Si<2.5×10 ^-4 %), Al-11.07% Mg master alloy, Al-37.41% Cu master alloy, Al-5.0% Fe master alloy, Al-2.5% B Master alloys, Al-9.53% Er master alloys and Al-9.02% Nb master alloys are used as raw materials. First, industrial pure aluminum is put into a furnace to melt, and the alloy liquid is kept at 740°C-760°C. Master alloys, aluminum-iron master alloys, aluminum-boron master alloys, aluminum-erbium master alloys and aluminum-niobium master alloys, so that the mass percent of each element is: magnesium is 0.17%, copper is 0.22%, iron is 0.21%, boron is 0.091% , 0.029% erbium, 0.13% niobium, control the impurity silicon content to 0.03%, control the total content of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese impurity elements to 0.0063%, and aluminum as the balance. After the master alloy is completely melted, after stirring, refining, rapid composition analysis before the furnace, composition adjustment, and standing still, it is continuously cast and rolled into a round aluminum alloy rod. The rolling temperature is 480°C and the final rolling temperature is 200°C. , The rolling deformation is 91.3%. Conduct conductivity and strength performance tests on aluminum conductor materials, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Comprehensive performance evaluation table of aluminum alloy conductor materials

From the data obtained in Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy material prepared by the present invention reaches 59.2% IACS, the tensile strength is greater than 240MPa, and the elongation is greater than 2.0%, which is higher than that of the non-heat-treated aluminum alloy conductor prepared by the prior art. The strength and plasticity of the material are high, and the electrical conductivity is equivalent.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material, including following components, are constituted by mass percentage：

0.10 ~ 0.20wt% of Mg,

0.20 ~ 0.30wt% of Cu,

0.15 ~ 0.30wt% of Fe,

0.05 ~ 0.10wt% of B,

Nb is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 0.20%；Or

0.10 ~ 0.20wt% of Mg,

0.20 ~ 0.30wt% of Cu,

0.15 ~ 0.30wt% of Fe,

0.05 ~ 0.10wt% of B,

Er is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 0.10%；Or

0.10 ~ 0.20wt% of Mg,

0.20 ~ 0.30wt% of Cu,

0.15 ~ 0.30wt% of Fe,

0.05 ~ 0.10wt% of B,

Nb is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 0.20%,

Er is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 0.10%；

Inevitable impurity silicone content is less than 0.05%, and impurity titanium, vanadium, chromium, the content summation of manganese are less than 0.01%；Aluminium is remaining Amount；The aluminum-alloy conductor material conductance reaches 59.2%IACS, and tensile strength is more than 240MPa, and elongation percentage is more than 2.0%.

2. preparing a kind of method of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 1, it is Technical pure aluminium ingot, magnesium, copper, iron, the intermediate alloy of boron are chosen respectively by the aluminium conductor material component proportioning of design；Purity is more than 99.7% technical pure aluminium ingot fusing, magnesium, copper, iron, the intermediate alloy of boron are added into melt, in 740 DEG C ~ 760 DEG C insulations, are treated After intermediate alloy is completely melt, after agitated, refining, stokehold fast analyzing constituent, composition adjustment, standing, continuous casting and rolling Cheng Yuan Shape aluminium alloy rod.

3. a kind of preparation method of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 2, It is characterized in that：The magnesium, copper, iron, the intermediate alloy of boron are aluminium base magnesium, copper, iron, boron intermediate alloy.

4. a kind of preparation side of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material according to Claims 2 or 3 Method, it is characterised in that：After intermediate alloy is completely melt, into alloy molten solution, addition weight/mass percentage composition is less than or equal to more than 0 0.20% niobium and/or weight/mass percentage composition is more than 0 erbium for being less than or equal to 0.10%；The niobium and/or erbium are added with intermediate alloy Enter.

5. a kind of preparation method of highly conductive middle intensity nonheat-treatable aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 4, It is characterized in that：Casting and rolling process parameter is：Enter to roll 480 DEG C -530 DEG C of temperature, 200 DEG C -280 DEG C of finishing temperature, total deformation Amount >=90%.