CN105067236B - A kind of dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of major error monitoring system of dry friction damping shock absorber, including for carrying out detection module, control module, alarm module and the real-time monitoring modular of fault detect to dry friction damping shock absorber；Detection module detects the access times of damper in real time, control module is to access times compared with the threshold value set before, if access times reach the threshold value set before, alarm module sends alarm, real-time monitoring modular is checked to damper, it is determined whether changes damper.Threshold value of the invention according to setting, compared with actually measured damper access times threshold value, if damper actual use number reaches threshold value, control module control alarm module is alarmed, determine whether to change damper, ensure the safety of air equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to avionic device field, is specifically related to a kind of dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring side
Method.
Background technology
Avionic device at work may be by stronger vibration, in order to carry out vibration isolation and guarantor to electronic equipment
Shield, typically can be to these equipment mounting shock absorbers.The normal work of damper is that electronic equipment is held under severe vibration environment
The powerful guarantee of continuous normal work.The effectiveness in vibration suppression of damper can cause to directly affect to the work of electronic equipment.If aviation
The damper cisco unity malfunction of equipment, it will the vibration stress that increase electronic equipment is subject to, accelerate the degeneration of electronic equipment very
To causing it to break down, safety problem is produced.
Therefore, the safe operation for life prediction being carried out to damper and being improved to ensureing air equipment is extremely important, and shows
There is the method for the system for not carrying out life prediction in technology to dry friction damping shock absorber still, cause that dry friction resistance can not be grasped
In the life-span of Buddhist nun's damper, cause to change damper in time according to the bimetry of dry friction damping shock absorber, protect
Hinder equipment normal work.
Therefore malfunction monitoring is carried out to damper and improved in time, to ensureing that the safe and reliable operation of avionic device is non-
It is often important.
The content of the invention
The present invention carries to solve determination existing for the malfunction monitoring of existing dry friction damping shock absorber mentioned above
For the major error monitoring system and method for a kind of dry friction damping shock absorber, by calculating and comparing in dry friction damping shock absorber
Shock-absorbing spring and the number of damping fin determine the life-span of dry friction damping shock absorber, and the use of the damper according to determination
Lifetime settings damper maximum access times threshold value, compared with the actual use number of damper, to air equipment damper
Work is monitored, and ensures the normal work of air equipment damper.
Specifically, a kind of dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring system, the major error monitoring system include being used for
Detection module, control module, alarm module and the real-time monitoring modular of fault detect are carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber；
Detection module：Including damper access times measuring unit and testing result output module, damper uses secondary
Actual use number of the number measuring unit to damper is detected, and testing result output module is surveyed according to damper access times
The testing result for measuring unit sends the actual use number of damper to control module；
Control module includes microcontroller and damper access times threshold setting module, damper access times threshold value
Setting module measurement obtains damper maximum access times threshold value, and threshold value is sent to microcontroller, and microcontroller is to damping
Device maximum access times threshold value is stored, and the actual use number of damper and damper maximum access times threshold value are entered
Row compares, and when the actual use number of damper reaches damper maximum access times threshold value, control module is to alarm module
Alarm signal is sent, alarm module sends alarm；
Real-time monitoring modular detects to damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module, judges its failure, and send
Change the signal of damper.
Preferably, damper access times threshold setting module includes being used to measure damper damping fin maximum access times
Damping fin access times measuring unit and for measure absorber spring maximum access times spring access times measure
Unit.
Preferably, it is a kind of according to said system carry out dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method, it include with
Lower step：
S1, damper access times threshold setting module measure to the service life of damper obtains damper maximum
Access times threshold value, specifically comprises the following steps：
1. damping fin access times measuring unit detects damper damping fin maximum access times；
2. spring access times measuring unit detects absorber spring maximum access times；
3. the damper damping fin maximum access times that damper access times threshold setting module obtains to measurement are with subtracting
Shake device spring maximum access times are compared, and determine damper maximum access times threshold value；
S2, detection module monitor the actual use number of damper in real time, and the actual use number of damper is uploaded
To control module；
S3, microcontroller by the actual use number of damper compared with damper maximum access times threshold value, when
When the actual use number of damper reaches damper maximum access times threshold value, control module sends alarm signal to alarm module
Number, alarm module sends alarm；
S4, real-time monitoring modular detect to damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module, judge the event of damper
Barrier, and send the signal for changing damper.
Preferably, damping fin access times measuring unit detection damper damping fin maximum access times method include with
Lower step：
Step 1：Calculate circumferentially opposite skidding distance between damper damping fin and damper housing：Damper damping fin
Friction pair is formed with damper inner walls, using Archard adhesive wear models, obtains damper damping fin and damping
Circumferentially opposite skidding distance, calculation formula are as follows between device housing：
L circumferentially opposite skidding distances between damper damping fin and damper housing in formula, h are that damping fin wearing depth refers to
Mark, AaFor the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, H is the HRC hardness of damper inner walls, and K is mill
The factor is damaged, P is the normal pressure of damper damping fin and damper inwall；
Step 2：Calculate damper damping fin single skidding distance：Damper damping fin single skidding distance is l, measurement
The maximum compressibility for obtaining absorber spring is Cmax, minimal compression amount is Cmin, then damper damping fin single skidding distance is such as
Shown in lower：
L=2 (Cmax-Cmin)；
Step 3：Calculate friction damper damping fin maximum access times：
Circumferentially opposite skidding distance and step 2 between damper damping fin and damper housing that step 1 is calculated
The damper damping fin single skidding distance being calculated is divided by, and obtains damper damping fin maximum access times, calculation formula
It is as follows：
N in formula1For damper damping fin maximum access times.
Preferably, the determination process of each parameter is as follows in step 1：
1. it is h to define damper damping fin wearing depth index；
2. calculate the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, Aa=π dt
A in formulaaFor the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, d is damper housing interior diameter, and t is
The thickness of damping fin；
3. measure the HRC hardness of damper inner walls：Damper housing is fixed, then utilizes annular cutter rotation pair
Damper housing carries out cutting sampling, and the HRC hardness of damper inner walls is measured using fretting wear instrument；
4. measure damper damping fin and the normal pressure of damper inner walls：Damper shell specimens are fixed on and rubbed
Wipe on friabilator, and damper damping fin is depressed into and is bonded with damper inner walls, by pressure head and damper shell to be measured
Body contacts, and sets expected displacement and its fall time, pressure head is very slowly declined, simulates dead weight effect, from
Multiple test results determine normal pressure when damper damping fin completely attaches to damper inner walls between the two；
5. calculating coefficient of waste K, coefficient of waste K calculation formula is as follows：
LgK=5lg μ -2.27
μ is damper damping fin and the coefficient of friction of damper inner walls in formula.
Preferably, the method for spring access times measuring unit detection absorber spring maximum access times includes following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：Determine absorber spring dead load：Absorber spring dead load include damper installation prestressing force and
Load pressure, wherein：The computational methods of load pressure are as follows：
F1=m × g ÷ n, wherein F1For load pressure, m is load quality, and n is absorber spring quantity；
The prestressed computational methods of damper installation are as follows：
Reduction length of the absorber spring in assembling is measured first, recycles abrasion meter to obtain power-position of spring
Curve is moved, according to the force-displacement curve of spring, the pressure that spring is subject in compression is obtained, is designated as F2,
The computational methods of spring dead load are as follows：
Fs=F1+F2；
Step 2：Finite element modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Comprise the following steps that described：
1. statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber：
Statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber, obtains the structural relation figure of dry friction damping shock absorber, and
Obtain using dead load and boundary condition as prestressed modal model.
2. pre-stressed mode modeling is carried out to absorber spring：
Prestressing force is provided for modal model, is modeled by pre-stressed mode, obtains absorber spring the first six rank modal frequency
And the vibration shape；
3. random vibration modeling is carried out to absorber spring：
Apply power spectral density plot for the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring and the vibration shape, set output to respectively obtain damping
Stress value S under equivalent stress cloud atlas and 1 σ of the device spring under the σ of prestressing force 1,2 σ and 3 σ, 2 σ and 3 σ1σ、S2σAnd S3σ；
Step 3：Absorber spring maximum access times are calculated using the interval method of random fatigue three.
Preferably, the method that absorber spring maximum access times are calculated using the interval method of random fatigue three is as described below：
Absorber spring stress distribution section is that the σ of -1 σ~1 time of vibration accounts for the 68.3% of total time, distributed area for -
The σ of 2 σ~2 time of vibration accounts for the 27.1% of total time, and distributed area is that the σ of -3 σ~3 time of vibration accounts for the 4.33% of total time,
Then the tired time of absorber spring is：
N2For the tired time of absorber spring, N1σ、N2σAnd N3σIt is that spring is right on three stress level sections respectively
The fatigue life cycle answered, the S tried to achieve with reference to step 21σ、S2σAnd S3σ, and then obtain N1σ、N2σAnd N3σConcrete numerical value.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the force-displacement curve of absorber spring is as described below：Control the fortune of abrasion meter
It is dynamic, it is preloaded, the pressure head of abrasion meter is touched spring, then sets the Z axis of pressure head to slowly move downward
Certain distance, the displacement transducer set using abrasion meter pressure head and the displacement of force snesor synchronous acquisition and pressure head all directions
Stress, and fit force-displacement curve.
Preferably, the damper damping fin maximum access times that damper access times threshold setting module obtains to measurement
Compared with absorber spring maximum access times, the less numerical value of maximum access times is selected as reference, by damper
Maximum access times threshold value is defined as being slightly less than the numerical value.
Preferably, a kind of method that main failure mechanism to dry friction damping shock absorber is detected, it includes following step
Suddenly：
S1, calculate circumferentially opposite skidding distance between damper damping fin and damper housing：Damper damping fin and damping
Device inner walls form friction pair, using Archard adhesive wear models, obtain damper damping fin and damper housing
Between circumferentially opposite skidding distance, calculation formula is as follows：
L circumferentially opposite skidding distances between damper damping fin and damper housing in formula, h are that damper damps pad wear
Depth index, AaFor the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, H is the HRC hardness of damper inner walls,
K is wear factor, and P is the normal pressure of damper damping fin and damper inwall；
S2, calculate damper damping fin single skidding distance：The skidding distance of damper damping fin is l, and measurement obtains bullet
The maximum compressibility of spring is Cmax, minimal compression amount is Cmin, then damping fin single skidding distance is as follows：
L=2 (Cmax-Cmin)；
S3, calculate damper damping fin maximum access times：
Circumferentially opposite skidding distance and S2 between damper damping fin and damper housing that S1 is calculated are calculated
Damper damping fin single skidding distance be divided by, obtain damper damping fin maximum access times, calculation formula is as follows：
N in formula1For damper damping fin maximum access times；
S4, determine absorber spring dead load：Absorber spring dead load includes prestressing force and the load of damper installation
Pressure, wherein：The computational methods of load pressure are as follows：
F1=m × g ÷ n, wherein F1For load pressure, m is load quality, and n is absorber spring quantity；
The prestressed computational methods of damper installation are as follows：
Reduction length of the absorber spring in assembling is measured first, recycles abrasion meter to obtain absorber spring
Force-displacement curve, according to the force-displacement curve of absorber spring, the pressure that absorber spring is subject in compression is obtained, is designated as
F2,
The computational methods of absorber spring dead load are as follows：
Fs=F1+F2；
S5, finite element modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Comprise the following steps that described：
1. statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber：
Statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber, obtains the structural relation of friction dry friction damping shock absorber
Figure, and obtain using dead load and boundary condition as prestressed modal model.
2. pre-stressed mode modeling is carried out to absorber spring：
Prestressing force is provided for modal model, is modeled by pre-stressed mode, obtains absorber spring the first six rank modal frequency
And the vibration shape；
3. random vibration modeling is carried out to absorber spring：
Apply power spectral density plot for the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring and the vibration shape, set output to respectively obtain damping
Stress value under equivalent stress cloud atlas and 1 σ of the device spring under the σ of prestressing force 1,2 σ and 3 σ, 2 σ and 3 σ；
S6, using the interval method of random fatigue three absorber spring maximum access times are calculated；
The fatigue life for the spring that S7, the wear-out life for comparing the damper damping fin that S1-S3 is obtained and S5-S6 are obtained；
The principle competed using mechanism, the main failure mechanism using the fatigue life of life-span shorter absorber spring as damper.
The present invention has advantages below：
1) unlubricated friction is determined by calculating and comparing the number of shock-absorbing spring in dry friction damping shock absorber and damping fin
The service life of damping shock absorber is wiped, and according to the damping fin and the service life of spring being calculated, according to less use
Number sets damper access times threshold value, with spring compared with the actual use number of damping fin, to air equipment damper
Work be monitored, ensure air equipment damper normal work, to space flight damper carry out security monitoring.
2) threshold value of the invention according to setting, compared with actually measured damper access times threshold value, if subtracted
Shake device actual use number reaches threshold value, then control module control alarm module is alarmed, it is determined whether damper is carried out
Change, ensure the safety of air equipment.
3) damping fin to damper and spring carry out wear-out life test, obtain main failure mechanism, are carried for accelerated test
For foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the major error monitoring system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the method flow schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is damper inwall Hardness Measurement Results figure；
Fig. 4 is normal pressure test result figure；
Fig. 5 is spring force-displacement curve map；
Fig. 6 a are diagrammatic cross-section after the cutting of housing；
Fig. 6 b are diagrammatic cross-section after the cutting of housing in another embodiment；
Fig. 7 is to apply tonogram on spring
Fig. 8 is random vibration power spectral density plot.
Embodiment
The structure of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The present invention provides a kind of dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring system, and it includes damper and major error prison
Examining system, it includes dry friction damping shock absorber 1 and major error monitoring system 2, as shown in Figure 6 a, dry friction damping shock absorber
Including housing 10, base 11, axle 12, spring 13, pad 14 and damping fin 15, housing 10 is set on the pedestal 11, axle 12, spring
13rd, pad 14 and damping fin 15 are arranged on the inside of housing 10, and damping fin 15 is arranged on the centre position of housing 10.Damping fin 15
Spring 13 is divided and is arranged on the top of housing 10 for upper and lower two parts, pad 14.Fig. 6 b show the vibration damping of another embodiment
The structural representation of device, it includes 10, base 11, axle 12, spring 13, pad 14 and damping fin 15, and spring 13 is arranged on housing
Inside, damping fin are arranged near the inwall of housing 10.
Major error monitoring system 2 includes being used for detection module 21, the control that fault detect is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber
Molding block 22, alarm module 23 and real-time monitoring modular 24.Detection module 21 is provided with sensor actually to be made to damper
It is monitored with number, control module 22 is maximum to the actual use number of damping fin and spring and the damper set before
Access times threshold value is compared, and judges whether to reach threshold value.Such as reach threshold value, then alarm module 23 sends alarm.
Detection module 21 includes damper access times measuring unit 211 and testing result output module 213, damper
Actual use number of the access times measuring unit 211 to damper carries out test result output module 213 according to damping
The testing result of device access times measuring unit 211 sends the actual use number of damper to control module 22.
Control module 22 includes microcontroller 221 and damper access times threshold setting module 222, and damper uses
The measurement of frequency threshold value setting module 222 obtains damper maximum access times threshold value, and threshold value is sent to microcontroller 221,
Microcontroller 221 stores to damper maximum access times threshold value, and it is by damping fin and the actual use number of spring
Compared with damper maximum access times threshold value, when the actual use number of damping fin or the actual use number of spring
When reaching damper maximum access times threshold value, control module 22 sends alarm signal to alarm module 23, and alarm module 23 is sent out
Go out alarm.
Real-time monitoring modular 24 detects to damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module, staff, judges to subtract
The failure of device is shaken, and sends the signal for changing damper.Staff according to the failure situation of damper carry out replacing damper,
Damping fin or spring.
Preferably, it is a kind of that damper major error monitoring method is carried out according to said system, as shown in Fig. 2 it include it is following
Step：
S1, damper access times threshold setting module 222 measure acquisition damper to the service life of damper
Maximum access times threshold value, specifically comprises the following steps：
1. damping fin access times measuring unit detects damping fin maximum access times；
2. spring access times measuring unit detection spring maximum access times；
3. damping fin maximum access times and spring that damper access times threshold setting module 222 obtains to measurement are most
Big access times are compared, and determine damper maximum access times threshold value；
S2, detection module 21 monitor the actual use number of damper in real time, and by the actual use number of damper
Reach control module；
S3, microcontroller 221 by the actual use number of damper compared with damper maximum access times threshold value,
When the actual use number of damper reaches damper maximum access times threshold value, control module 22 is sent to alarm module 23
Alarm signal, alarm module 23 send alarm；
S4, real-time monitoring modular 24 detect to damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module 23, judge damper
Failure, and send change damper signal.
Damping fin wear-out life is the computational methods of damping fin maximum access times in dry friction damping shock absorber, specific step
It is rapid as follows：
Step 1：Circumferentially opposite skidding distance L calculating between damping fin and damper housing 1.Dry friction damping shock absorber
Damping fin and inner walls form friction pair, using Archard adhesive wear models, obtain damping fin and damper shell
The calculation formula of circumferentially opposite skidding distance between body.The citation form of abrasion can be divided into：Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue
Abrasion, corrosive wear, scuffing, fretting wear etc..When adhesive wear is that surface of friction pair slides relatively, by sticking effect institute shape
Into adhesion node shearing and fracture occurs, the material falls back being sheared is into abrasive dust, or by a surface migration to another table
The phenomenon in face is referred to as adhesive wear.
Wear form between damper housing (steel) and damping fin (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) that this patent is related to is predominantly viscous
Abrasion.Therefore, the circumferentially opposite skidding distance between Archard adhesive wear model measurement damping fins and damper housing is utilized
It is the most accurate.
Calculation formula is shown below：
L circumferentially opposite skidding distances between damping fin and damper housing in formula, h are damping fin wearing depth index, Aa
For the contact area between damping fin and damper housing, H is the HRC hardness of damper inner walls, and K is wear factor, and P is resistance
The normal pressure of Buddhist nun's piece and damper inwall.
The determination process of each parameter is as follows in formula：
A. damping fin wearing depth index h is defined, h=3mm defined in the present embodiment.
B. the contact area A between damping fin and damper housing is calculateda, it is shown below
Aa=π dt
D is damper housing interior diameter in formula, and t is the thickness of damping fin.
In the present embodiment, the contact area result of calculation between damping fin and damper housing is
AaThe ≈ 550mm of=π 5352
C. the HRC hardness H of damper inner walls is measured.
Because damper inwall is enclosed construction, can not direct measurement its inwall HRC case hardnesses, so being cut
Open.Damper housing is fixed using bolt and neck, then housing is cut using annular cutter rotation, then chosen
A housing part does hardness measurement experiment.
Corresponding module is changed on UMT fretting wear instrument, from suitable pressure head, you can measurement hardness.Fig. 3 is measurement
As a result.
In the present embodiment, the HRC case hardnesses that experiment measures damper inwall are 30, i.e. H=30GPa
D. the normal pressure of damping fin and damper inwall is measured.A part for the damper housing cut open is fixed on
On UMT testboards, then damping fin is depressed into and is bonded with inner walls.
Its load step is set, and manually operated first, by pressure head and sample contacts, it is 3mm then to set expected displacement
And its fall time is 5min, pressure head is very slowly declined, dead weight effect is simulated.As a result it is as shown in Figure 6：
As a result show, positive pressure value is held essentially constant between displacement 1.85mm to 2.67mm, is 7.33N, Zhi Hou
Increase rapidly compared with pressure in the range of thin tail sheep.This explanation damping fin at 2.7mm displacements completely attaches to damper inwall, and this says
Normal pressure during bright work between damping fin and outer casing inner wall is 7.33N, i.e. P=7.33N.
E. coefficient of waste K is calculated
Coefficient of waste K calculation formula is shown below：
LgK=5lg μ -2.27
μ is damping fin and the coefficient of friction of damper inner walls in formula.The material of damping fin is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), damping
The material of device housing is steel, and coefficient of friction between the two is μ=0.05.Then K=1.68 × 10-9
Circumferentially opposite skidding distance result of calculation is between damping fin and damper housing：
Step 2：Calculate the skidding distance of single cycle damping fin.
The skidding distance of damping fin is related to the decrement of spring in damper, if the skidding distance of damping fin is l, spring
Maximum compressibility be Cmax, minimal compression amount is Cmin.Then single skidding distance is shown below：
L=2 (Cmax-Cmin)
In the present embodiment, the vestige that is contacted by measuring damper inner walls with damping fin, single cycle damping is obtained
The skidding distance result of calculation of piece is l=2 × (7-1.5)=11mm
Step 3：Damping fin maximum access times in dry friction damping shock absorber are calculated,
Circumferentially opposite skidding distance L and step 2 calculate between the damping fin and damper housing that are calculated by step 1
To the skidding distance l of single cycle damping fin be combined, the calculation formula for obtaining damping fin wear-out life is shown below：
N in formula1For the access times of damping fin in dry friction damping shock absorber.Result of calculation is
Abrasion meter can be passed through using UMT friction and wear tests instrument to various films/coatings presses/drawing/test such as mill
Its bond strength, surface roughness, fracture toughness, creep, lubrication/antiwear characteristics, impact resistance, anti-scratch ability, corrosion resistant
Corrosion energy, failure and fatigue etc..The lubrication property and stick-slip characteristic of solid-state or the lubricating oil of liquid can be evaluated；Can
Evaluated with the electrical contact to various materials.Various preferable detection patterns can also be provided simultaneously, such as in classical friction
Various actual condition simulation tests in：For disk, ball to disk, four balls, ring to block, disk to disk etc..
The method for measuring spring maximum access times is as described below：
Step 1：Determine spring dead load
The spring of dry friction damping shock absorber bears the effect of two parts dead load, and a part is to coordinate damper to install
Prestressing force, another part carry out self-supported pressure.Known load quality is m=5kg, and the shared n=4 of damper is individual, and advises
Then it is distributed in around load, then pressure F of the load to damper1For：(g is acceleration of gravity)
F1The ÷ 4=12.25N of=m × g ÷ n=5 × 9.8
In order to calculate the prestressing force for coordinating damper installation, first have to measure reduction length l of the spring in assembling0=
1.7mm, UMT friction and wear test instrument is recycled, measure the force-displacement curve of spring.
The motion of tester is controlled by controller, it is preloaded, tester pressure head is touched spring, then
Pressure head Z axis is set to slowly move downward 7mm, load time 20min.The displacement transducer and force snesor of tester pressure head can
Synchronous acquisition displacement and pressure head all directions stress.It can pass through data automatic Fitting output-position of collection using its supporting UMT software
It is as shown in Figure 5 to move curve.
It can be obtained according to curve in Fig. 5, when spring is by compression 1.7mm, pressure F2=11N.
Comprehensive two parts pressure, it is F to obtain the dead load suffered by springs=F1+F2=12.25+11=23.25N.
Step 2：Finite element modeling is carried out to spring
A. statics models
Dry friction damping shock absorber is modeled first with Solidworks, including housing, base, axle, spring, pad
Piece and damping fin, by setting the matching relationship between parts, obtain the installation diagram of dry friction damping shock absorber.
The threedimensional model of foundation is saved as into STEP forms, and imported in ANSYS, material property, such as its elasticity are set
Modulus and density, divided in free mesh from smart grid.Then bar is constrained to dry friction damper limited boundary
Part is that spring lower surface is fixed, and applies pressure 23.25N, as shown in Figure 7.
B. pre-stressed mode modeling is carried out to spring
Dead load and boundary condition in being modeled using statics provide prestressing force as mode, by pre-stressed mode, obtain
The first six order frequency of spring, the first six order frequency of spring are as shown in table 1.
Each rank modal frequency of the spring of table 1
| Mode | Frequency (Hz) |
| Single order | 248.16 |
| Second order | 302.35 |
| Three ranks | 321.47 |
| Quadravalence | 362.92 |
| Five ranks | 545.15 |
| Six ranks | 569.50 |
C. random vibration modeling is carried out to spring
As shown in figure 8, applying power spectral density plot, output is then set to respectively obtain spring equivalent under 1 σ, 2 σ, 3 σ
Stress Map and VonMises stress values S1σ=179.1MPa, S2σ=258.2MPa, S3σ=387.23MPa.
Step 3：The maximum access times of spring are calculated using the interval method of random fatigue three
The widely used interval method of random fatigue three is the meter Sai Si stress according to the Steinberg structures proposed in engineering
Respond Gaussian distributed.Task time of vibration in the σ of the σ of the σ of -1 σ~1, -2 σ~2, -3 σ~3 in stress distribution section accounts for respectively
68.3%, 27.1%, the 4.33% of total time, the stress time of origin outside 3 σ sections only account for 0.27%, damage caused by it
It can ignore.Then the tired time of spring is：
N1σ、N2σAnd N3σIt is material corresponding fatigue life cycle on three stress level sections respectively, passes through access
The relational expression that document obtains the S-N of No. 304 stainless steels of spring material is：
LgN=84.84-9.563lgS
The S tried to achieve with reference to step 21σ、S2σAnd S3σ, and then obtain N1σ=823468, N2σ=24915, N3σ=517, then
Determine the maximum access times threshold value of dry friction damping shock absorber：
In the present embodiment, the wear-out life N for the damping fin that comparison step 1 obtains1≈3.65×1014And step
The fatigue life N of 456 obtained springs2≈ 10476, it is clear that N2＜ N1；The principle competed using mechanism, the life-span is shorter
Maximum access times N2--- spring maximum access times are defined as damper maximum access times threshold value, i.e., as damper most
Use frequency threshold value greatly.
Finally it should be noted that：Above-described embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical scheme, rather than to it
Limitation；Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：
It can still modify to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or substitutions, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technical side
The scope of case.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method, it is characterised in that：A kind of major error prison of the major error monitoring method of described dry friction damping shock absorber based on dry friction damping shock absorber Examining system, the major error monitoring system include being used for detection module, the control that fault detect is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber Molding block, alarm module and real-time monitoring modular；Detection module：Including damper access times measuring unit and testing result output module, damper access times are surveyed Measure actual use number of the unit to damper to detect, testing result output module measures single according to damper access times The testing result of member sends the actual use number of damper to control module；Control module includes microcontroller and damper access times threshold setting module, the setting of damper access times threshold value Module measurement obtains damper maximum access times threshold value, and threshold value is sent to microcontroller, microcontroller to damper most Stored using frequency threshold value greatly, and the actual use number of damper and damper maximum access times threshold value are compared Compared with when the actual use number of damper reaches damper maximum access times threshold value, control module is sent to alarm module Alarm signal, alarm module send alarm；Real-time monitoring modular detects to damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module, judges its failure, and send replacing The signal of damper；The damping fin that damper access times threshold setting module includes being used to measure damper damping fin maximum access times makes With number measuring unit and the spring access times measuring unit for measuring absorber spring maximum access times；The major error monitoring method of described dry friction damping shock absorber comprises the following steps：S1, damper access times threshold setting module measure to the service life of damper obtains the maximum use of damper Frequency threshold value, specifically comprise the following steps：1. damping fin access times measuring unit detects damper damping fin maximum access times；2. spring access times measuring unit detects absorber spring maximum access times；3. damper damping fin maximum access times and damper that damper access times threshold setting module obtains to measurement Spring maximum access times are compared, and determine damper maximum access times threshold value；S2, detection module monitor the actual use number of damper in real time, and the actual use number of damper is uploaded into control Molding block；The actual use number of damper compared with damper maximum access times threshold value, is worked as damping by S3, microcontroller When the actual use number of device reaches damper maximum access times threshold value, control module sends alarm signal to alarm module, Alarm module sends alarm；S4, real-time monitoring modular are detected to damper, judge the failure of damper according to the alarm signal of alarm module, And send the signal for changing damper.
- 2. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Damping fin uses The method of number measuring unit detection damper damping fin maximum access times comprises the following steps：Step 1：Calculate circumferentially opposite skidding distance between damper damping fin and damper housing：Damper damping fin is with subtracting Shake device inner walls and form friction pair, using Archard adhesive wear models, obtain damper damping fin and damper shell Circumferentially opposite skidding distance, calculation formula are as follows between body：<mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>hA</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>L circumferentially opposite skidding distances between damper damping fin and damper housing in formula, h are damping fin wearing depth index, Aa For the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, H is the HRC hardness of damper inner walls, K for abrasion because Son, P are the normal pressure of damper damping fin and damper inwall；Step 2：Calculate damper damping fin single skidding distance：Damper damping fin single skidding distance is l, and measurement obtains The maximum compressibility of absorber spring is Cmax, minimal compression amount is Cmin, then the following institute of damper damping fin single skidding distance Show：L=2 (Cmax-Cmin)；Step 3：Calculate friction damper damping fin maximum access times：Circumferentially opposite skidding distance and step 2 calculate between damper damping fin and damper housing that step 1 is calculated Obtained damper damping fin single skidding distance is divided by, and it is maximum using secondary to obtain damper damping finN in formula1For damper damping fin maximum access times.
- 3. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is each in step 1 The determination process of parameter is as follows：1. it is h to define damper damping fin wearing depth index；2. calculate the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, Aa=π dtA in formulaaFor the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, d is damper housing interior diameter, and t is damping fin Thickness；3. measure the HRC hardness of damper inner walls：Damper housing is fixed, then rotated using annular cutter to damping Device housing carries out cutting sampling, and the HRC hardness of damper inner walls is measured using fretting wear instrument；4. measure damper damping fin and the normal pressure of damper inner walls：Damper shell specimens are fixed on friction mill Damage on instrument, and damper damping fin is depressed into and is bonded with damper inner walls, pressure head and damper housing to be measured are connect Touch, expected displacement and its fall time are set, pressure head is very slowly declined, simulate dead weight effect, from multiple Test result determines normal pressure when damper damping fin completely attaches to damper inner walls between the two；5. calculating coefficient of waste K, coefficient of waste K calculation formula is as follows：LgK=5lg μ -2.27μ is damper damping fin and the coefficient of friction of damper inner walls in formula.
- 4. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Spring uses secondary The method of number measuring unit detection absorber spring maximum access times comprises the following steps：Step 1：Determine absorber spring dead load：Absorber spring dead load includes prestressing force and the load of damper installation Pressure, wherein：The computational methods of load pressure are as follows：F1=m × g ÷ n, wherein F1For load pressure, m is load quality, and n is absorber spring quantity；The prestressed computational methods of damper installation are as follows：Reduction length of the absorber spring in assembling is measured first, recycles abrasion meter to obtain power-displacement song of spring Line, according to the force-displacement curve of spring, the pressure that spring is subject in compression is obtained, is designated as F2,The computational methods of spring dead load are as follows：Fs=F1+F2；Step 2：Finite element modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Comprise the following steps that described：1. statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber：Statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber, obtains the structural relation figure of dry friction damping shock absorber, and obtain Using dead load and boundary condition as prestressed modal model；2. pre-stressed mode modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Prestressing force is provided for modal model, is modeled by pre-stressed mode, the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring is obtained and shakes Type；3. random vibration modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Apply power spectral density plot for the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring and the vibration shape, set output to respectively obtain damper bullet Stress value S under equivalent stress cloud atlas and 1 σ of the spring under the σ of prestressing force 1,2 σ and 3 σ, 2 σ and 3 σ1σ、S2σAnd S3σ；Step 3：Absorber spring maximum access times are calculated using the interval method of random fatigue three.
- 5. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Using random tired The method that the interval method of labor three calculates absorber spring maximum access times is as described below：Absorber spring stress distribution section is that the σ of -1 σ~1 time of vibration accounts for the 68.3% of total time, distributed area be -2 σ~ 2 σ time of vibration accounts for the 27.1% of total time, and distributed area is that the σ of -3 σ~3 time of vibration accounts for the 4.33% of total time,Then the tired time of absorber spring is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>0.683</mn> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>&sigma;</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>0.271</mn> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&sigma;</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>0.0433</mn> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>&sigma;</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>N2For the tired time of absorber spring, N1σ、N2σAnd N3σIt is that spring is corresponding on three stress level sections respectively Fatigue life cycle, the S tried to achieve with reference to step 21σ、S2σAnd S3σ, and then obtain N1σ、N2σAnd N3σConcrete numerical value.
- 6. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Obtain damper The step of force-displacement curve of spring, is as described below：The motion of abrasion meter is controlled, it is preloaded, surveys abrasion The pressure head of examination instrument touches spring, then sets the Z axis of pressure head to slowly move downward certain distance, utilizes abrasion meter pressure head The displacement transducer of setting and the displacement of force snesor synchronous acquisition and pressure head all directions stress, and fit force-displacement curve.
- 7. dry friction damping shock absorber major error monitoring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Damper uses Frequency threshold value setting module is to the damper damping fin maximum access times that measurement obtains and absorber spring maximum access times It is compared, selects the less numerical value of maximum access times as reference, damper maximum access times threshold value is defined as omiting Less than the numerical value.
- 8. a kind of method that main failure mechanism to dry friction damping shock absorber is detected, it is characterised in that：It includes following Step：S1, calculate circumferentially opposite skidding distance between damper damping fin and damper housing：Damper damping fin and damper shell Internal wall forms friction pair, using Archard adhesive wear models, obtains cutting between damper damping fin and damper housing It is as follows to Relative sliding distance, calculation formula：<mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>hA</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>L circumferentially opposite skidding distances between damper damping fin and damper housing in formula, h are damper damping fin wearing depth Index, AaFor the contact area between damper damping fin and damper housing, H is the HRC hardness of damper inner walls, and K is Wear factor, P are the normal pressure of damper damping fin and damper inwall；S2, calculate damper damping fin single skidding distance：The skidding distance of damper damping fin is l, and measurement obtains spring Maximum compressibility is Cmax, minimal compression amount is Cmin, then damping fin single skidding distance is as follows：L=2 (Cmax-Cmin)；S3, calculate damper damping fin maximum access times：Subtract what circumferentially opposite skidding distance and S2 between damper damping fin and damper housing that S1 is calculated were calculated Shake device damping fin single skidding distance is divided by, and obtains damper damping fin maximum access times, calculation formula is as follows：<mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>L</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>hA</mi> <mi>a</mi> </msub> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>max</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>min</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>N in formula1For damper damping fin maximum access times；S4, determine absorber spring dead load：Absorber spring dead load includes the prestressing force and load pressure of damper installation, Wherein：The computational methods of load pressure are as follows：F1=m × g ÷ n, wherein F1For load pressure, m is load quality, and n is absorber spring quantity；The prestressed computational methods of damper installation are as follows：Measure reduction length of the absorber spring in assembling first, recycle abrasion meter obtain the power of absorber spring- Displacement curve, according to the force-displacement curve of absorber spring, the pressure that absorber spring is subject in compression is obtained, is designated as F2,The computational methods of absorber spring dead load are as follows：Fs=F1+F2；S5, finite element modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Comprise the following steps that described：1. statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber：Statics modeling is carried out to dry friction damping shock absorber, obtains the structural relation figure of friction dry friction damping shock absorber, and Obtain using dead load and boundary condition as prestressed modal model；2. pre-stressed mode modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Prestressing force is provided for modal model, is modeled by pre-stressed mode, the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring is obtained and shakes Type；3. random vibration modeling is carried out to absorber spring：Apply power spectral density plot for the first six rank modal frequency of absorber spring and the vibration shape, set output to respectively obtain damper bullet Stress value under equivalent stress cloud atlas and 1 σ of the spring under the σ of prestressing force 1,2 σ and 3 σ, 2 σ and 3 σ；S6, using the interval method of random fatigue three absorber spring maximum access times are calculated；The fatigue life for the spring that S7, the wear-out life for comparing the damper damping fin that S1-S3 is obtained and S5-S6 are obtained；Using The principle of mechanism competition, the main failure mechanism using the fatigue life of life-span shorter absorber spring as damper.
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