CN105027305A - Photovoltaic system including light trapping filtered optical module - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0549—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising spectrum splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Abstract
A photovoltaic system that converts incident light into electrical energy that includes a light trapping optical module having a light randomizing dielectric slab with a first surface and a second surface, a first cell adjacent to the first surface of the slab that has a bandgap of lower energy than the energy of absorption onset of the dielectric slab, at least one filter element in optical contact with the second surface of the dielectric slab, and a sub-cell array with a plurality of photovoltaic sub-cells, wherein at least one of the sub-cells has a first surface that is in optical contact with the at least one filter element.
Description
priority
The title that present application for patent requires on August 30th, 2012 to submit to is for full spectrum, optics (the OPTICS FOR FULL SPECTRUM that Ultra-High Efficiency solar energy transforms, ULTRAHIGH EFFICIENCY SOLARENERGY CONVERSION) U.S. Provisional Patent Application case the 61/695th, the title submitted in No. 216 and on January 25th, 2013 is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case the 61/756th of the photovoltaic system (PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMINCLUDING LIGHT TRAPPING FILTERED OPTICAL MODULE) comprising light capture filter optical module, the priority of No. 804, the full content of wherein said temporary patent application case is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic devices incident light being changed into electric energy.More particularly, the present invention relates to and comprise the photovoltaic devices that light catches optical module, described light catches optical module and comprises the dielectric plate coupled with sub-array.
Background technology
Photovoltaic cell (also can be referred to as solar cell or PV battery) is applicable to incident light (as daylight) to change into electric energy.These batteries can such as be equipped with the single junction cell form with the band gap of intrinsic low transformation efficiency of concrete definition to provide usually.This is because only energy can be used for producing the effect be suitable for higher than the photon of the single band gap of battery, and main because all photon energies being greater than cell band gap are all become heat by thermalization.Therefore, unijunction only photovoltaic response in a part of spectrum and for its response most of wavelength very ineffective.Therefore, use and propose the mode of multiple increase solar battery efficiency.
To multijunction solar cell but not unijunction solar cell provides daylight for obtaining a kind of common methods of high light volt efficiency.Multijunction cell allows highest energy photon to be had the cells convert of high band gap, thus thermalization is reduced to minimum, and medium wavelength goes to the battery with intermediate band gap.Bottom lower for the optimum value phase specific energy provided is tied to expand overall spectrum with single junction cell respond by being provided by multijunction cell.Described multijunction solar cell is made up of through selecting the particular semiconductor material of crossing over solar spectrum band-gap energy.First the photon that energy is greater than most high band gap is collected by the sub-battery of the highest energy gap.More low-energy photon is transferred to the sub-battery of next most high bandgap via the most sub-battery of high bandgap.This pattern continues down to the minimum sub-battery of band gap.In this way, the energy (it is through thermalization and with form of heat loss) being greater than the photon absorbed absorbing cell band gap is minimized.In addition, the band gap of greater number means usually under optimization situation, and compared with single junction cell, total solar spectrum of major part can be absorbed by multijunction cell.
Although multijunction solar cell provides the advantage being better than unijunction solar cell, efficiency improvement can realize via use photo-fission optical element further, and described photo-fission optical element is for dividing incident solar radiation and guiding light to different solar cell.Narrower light belt is directed into the sub-battery of different band gap and/or has the multijunction cell of different band gap group.Each battery be aligned is designed to have the band gap for being directed into the customization of its band to contribute to optimization energy conversion.That is, incident light is separated into fragment or sheet by division optical element, and is directed to the sub-battery of the photovoltaic with suitable band gap independently by described subsequently.
Describe in patent and technical literature and utilized spectrum to divide optical element to improve the photovoltaic system of solar conversion efficiency.Example comprises No. 2011/0284054th, U.S. Patent Publication case (Wan Lisi (Wanlass)); The people such as paddy (Gu), rechargeable energy and Environmental Technology digest (Renewable Energy and the Environment Technical Digest), " common plane spectral division light concentrating photovoltaic module design and development (Common-Plane Spectrum-SplittingConcentrating Photovoltaic Module Design and Development) ", 1-3 page (2011); The people such as Yi Mei Nice (Imenes), solar energy materials and solar cell (Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells), " in solar concentrating system, increase the spectrum beam splitting technology of transformation efficiency; summary (Spectral Beam SplittingTechnology for Increased Conversion Efficiency in Solar Concentrating Systems; AReview) ", 84:19-69 (2004); The people such as gold (Kim), optical element bulletin (Optics Express), " utilize the organic photovoltaic battery (Organic Photovoltaic Cell inLateral-Tandem Configuration Employing Continuously-Tuned Microcavity Sub-Cells) in the horizontal configured in series regulating the sub-battery of microcavity continuously ", 16 (24) 19987-19994 (2008); The people such as Ge Cibeigeer (Goetzberger), solar energy materials and solar cell (Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells), " light catches; a kind of new method (LightTrapping; a New Approach to Spectrum Splitting) of spectrum division ", 92 (12) 1570-1578 (2008); And Peter Si Yienmaliu (Peters, Ian Marius), " the photon concept (Photonic Concepts for SolarCells) of solar cell " (2009), paper, Joseph von fraunhofer 1787-1826 solar energy system research institute (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar EnergySystems).
Although use the photovoltaic system of spectrum splitting technique and solar cell to improve the efficiency that incident light changes into electric energy, exist the lasting demand providing the even more high efficiency system of permission.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to a kind of electro-optical system incident light being changed into electric energy, it can be called as light capture filter concentrator.The performance that these systems can be used for improving solar cell makes it can realize much higher transformation efficiency.One embodiment of the present of invention generally include a kind of light and catch optical module, and it has the sub-battery of multiple photovoltaics that arranges in the form of an array and catches incident light and the light of catching be delivered to the dielectric plate of the sub-battery of photovoltaic.Dielectric plate is made up of the material of refractive index relatively high (as being greater than 2.0 under the wavelength of 550nm).In addition, provide component of the light filter or array, it can be patterned into or deposit on the bottom of dielectric plate, and sub-battery can be connected to this component of the light filter or array.In other words, flat plate bottom can in a specific way structuring to serve as filter.Alternately, component of the light filter or array can be formed or be grown on the top of sub-battery.In either case, component of the light filter can filter to provide needed for light before arriving sub-battery at light between described multiple sub-battery and dielectric plate.Component of the light filter can be photonic crystal, and for example, it can be patterned on dull and stereotyped basal surface at least one dimension.In an example, photonic crystal can in three dimensions patterning to provide interference in all directions.Light catches the antireflecting coating at top surface place that optical module can also be included in dielectric plate and/or be positioned at the battery above dielectric plate.
Light randomization can make its scattering in all directions in dielectric plate.Randomization can be carried out on the top surface of flat board and/or in plate material self.The sub-battery of system can be unijunction or multijunction cell, as three junction batteries.In one embodiment of the invention, the multiple sub-battery of system can comprise the first sub-battery group with first group of band gap and the second sub-battery group with second group of band gap, and wherein filter array comprises the first and second filter areas corresponding respectively to the first and second sub-battery group.In one exemplary embodiment, the first and second filter areas arrange with chessboard lattice pattern form, first group of sub-battery are alignd and second group of sub-battery aligns with second group of filter with first group of filter.
Photovoltaic system optionally comprises optical concentration module, it can comprise single optical condensing element or multiple optical condensing element, comprising multiple element system can serial arrangement to provide the optical concentration module of the relative compact with relatively large gathering level.For an example, optical concentration module can comprise the combination of the first order optics part of Fresnel lens (Fresnel len) and the secondary optical part of compound parabolic concentrator.The output of optical concentration module can be the relatively small-bore such as catching the region alignment accepting this output in optical module with light.
In a specific embodiment, a kind of photovoltaic system incident light being changed into electric energy is provided.Described system comprises light and catches optical module, its the first battery of first surface comprising the light randomization dielectric plate with first surface and second surface and be adjacent to described dielectric plate, wherein the first battery has and to absorb the lower band gap of the energy phase specific energy that starts with dielectric plate.Described system comprises and at least one component of the light filter of the second surface optical contact of described dielectric plate and the sub-array comprising the sub-battery of multiple photovoltaic further, and at least one in wherein said sub-battery comprises the first surface with at least one component of the light filter optical contact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Explain the present invention further with reference to alterations, wherein run through several view all the time similar structures referred to by similar numeral, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of a part for photovoltaic system of the present invention, comprises optics aggregation component;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged perspective of the light capture filter concentrator of the type that the optics aggregation component of composition graphs 1 is shown;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged perspective of the photovoltaic cell of the type illustrated in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged perspective of the light capture filter concentrator not comprising apical sink battery;
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of smooth capture filter concentrator of the present invention when it can be attached in printed circuit board (PCB);
Fig. 6 represents to catch dull and stereotyped refractive index by the three dimensional drawing of the design space of maximizing optical efficiency relative to number of battery cells and dielectric light; And
Fig. 7 is represent the exemplary means efficiency that uses device of the present invention and concept to become with light gathering degree graphic.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the following description of the present invention and be not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to the precise forms that discloses in following detailed description.In fact, select and describe embodiment, others skilled in the art can be understood and understand principle of the present invention and practice.Run through the mode that patent application case, disclosed patent application case and technical article in all patents that this specification quotes all the time, application quote in full with it separately for all objects to be incorporated herein.
Now referring to graphic, and first referring to Fig. 1 to 3, show an exemplary embodiment of photovoltaic system 10 of the present invention, it generally includes optional optical concentrator or optical concentration module 12 and light catches optical module 14.System 10 can be used for incident light photoelectric conversion to become electric energy, as hereafter described in further detail.If provide concentrator, so system 10 is optionally referred to as light capture filter concentrator.
Optical module 14 generally includes dielectric plate or layer 24, and it can be caught (such as by optical concentration module or directly by the sun) to its light provided and described light is delivered to multiple photovoltaic cell or sub-battery 22,22'.The structure of sub-battery used herein can be different, but generally include unijunction or tie photovoltaic solar cell more, it accepts the light of particular range of wavelengths from spectrum division or filter element, and its there is the band gap of mate with incidence wave-length coverage thereon or band gap serial.For an example, red wavelength is directed into the sub-battery that band gap is optimized for ruddiness, and green wavelength is directed into the sub-battery etc. optimized for green glow.Filter is optionally for bandgap cell, and it can produce the efficiency of improvement, depends on the parasitic absorption in described battery.
In an embodiment of the present invention, provide top battery 26, a side contacts of itself and dielectric plate 24, and the opposite side optical contact of sub-battery and dielectric plate 24.In general, when module 14 element each other optical contact time, it is in intimate physical contact, and preferably wherein any gap is all significantly less than the wavelength of light, and this is also referred to as in this article " operability contact ".Under any circumstance, the space between may needing various surface or refractive index difference reduces to minimum and/or use laminated coating to reduce reflection.
An embodiment of dielectric plate 24 is non-conductive and has the solid material of high index of refraction (be namely greater than 2.0 at 550 nm, or be preferably greater than 3.0 at 550 nm), as GaP or titanium dioxide, but can consider other material.In general, the material of dielectric plate 24 can be any material with relatively high index of refraction, and its wavelength to paid close attention to leap major part solar spectrum (namely with otherwise absorbed by top battery and change into the lower wavelength of the wavelength phase specific energy of electric energy) is transparent.This high index of refraction will contribute to catching light, and described light enters dull and stereotyped 24 until the one in its quilt battery absorbs.The scatterer of dielectric plate 24 in its top surface and/or flat board comprises texture to make incident light randomization, make its scattering in all directions.Described texture can physical texture form be provided on dull and stereotyped surface, and wherein texture self can be random or more orderly, as available micro-replicated surfaces (such as through micro-replicated surfaces of etching) realizes.Except herein special describe those except, permitted eurypalynous configuration and arrangement can be used for the randomization providing light.
The thickness of dielectric plate can through selecting to have the characteristic allowing it to realize some performance characteristic.For example, the flat board that thickness is at least equally large with the width of sub-battery may be provided to provide.In an example, system comprises the sub-battery of about 1mm on every side and the thick dielectric plate of about 1mm.For relatively thin flat board, compared with thicker flat board, the double light point rate impinged upon on same battery types is relatively high.
As described herein, optical efficiency typically refers to through spectrum splitting element and is deposited on photon number on particular child battery and catches solar photon sum on optical module top layer divided by being incident on light.System effectiveness characterizes by the amount of electric energy that produced by the device solar energy total amount divided by access to plant.For example, under the solar illumination of 1000W/m2, the device producing 500W electric energy has the overall efficiency of 50%.
The top surface 20 of dielectric plate 24 can be adjacent to layer 25, and described layer can be and makes to arrive dull and stereotyped incident light not from the adhering agent layers of dull and stereotyped 24 reflections and/or antireflecting coating or layer through providing.Dull and stereotyped 24 are included in top above top surface 20 or the first battery 26 further, its can such as light absorption 2.2eV GaP battery and it can be called as " pre-blue (pre-blue) " absorber.In one embodiment of the invention, the refractive index of flat board 24 and the first battery 26 can provide total internal reflection to catch the incident light in flat board 24 and the first battery 26, and it was incident on filter battery more than once until it enters sub-battery.Should point out, although term " first " and " top " use relative to battery 26, these terms do not intend to be restrictive, because should understand on top or outside that one or more other layer may be provided in this battery.Battery 26 and the combination of dielectric plate is used to allow the refractive index of flat board 24 higher, because light (such as at least partially blue light and UV light) will be absorbed at least partially.That is, will be replaced by the high energy light at least partially otherwise absorbed in flat board is absorbed by first or top battery 26, and it is not lost in flat board.Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, first or top battery 26 be adjacent to the first surface of dielectric plate, wherein first or the band gap of top battery 26 start to absorb energy lower than dielectric plate, wherein start to absorb energy to occur under minimum energy (namely most long wavelength), wherein exist in material and significantly absorb.Usually, if light absorption length is in the material less of than slab-thickness 10 times, so absorbs and be regarded as significantly.First or top battery 26 can comprise antireflecting coating further.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, first or the blue portion optimization of top battery 26 pairs of spectrum, because the efficiency catching light in dielectric plate increases along with refractive index and increases, and the material of high index of refraction tends to absorb higher-energy wavelength usually, as UV and blue light, instead of be transmissive in this region.Therefore, if blue light/UV light is not absorbed by the first battery, so its will in flat board by parasitic absorption and loss.Dielectric plate top using high energy light absorb battery allows blue light optionally to be changed into electricity, and the remainder of light enters dielectric plate subsequently.In this way, by avoiding the blue light/parasitic absorption of UV light in high index of refraction flat board to realize higher overall efficiency.
First or top battery 26 can be single junction cell or multijunction cell.This battery 26 and sub-battery 22,22' through lamination or can otherwise be adhered to dielectric plate 24 so that the interface number between battery and flat board is reduced to minimum.For example, dull and stereotyped 24 and there is between sub-battery and/or light absorption battery Air Interface can cause light loss caused by non-required reflection.The exemplary sticker of one that can be used for these elements to be connected to each other is TiO
2collosol and gel, its provide relatively high index of refraction to avoid the non-required reflection of interface.
The configuration of optical module of the present invention can be provided as does not have first or top battery 26, and the refractive index of dull and stereotyped 24 probably will reduce that the parasitic absorption of higher-energy wavelength in dull and stereotyped 24 is reduced to minimum or avoided described parasitic absorption at least slightly in the case.Described system usually will not be effective at solar energy conversion aspect compared with comprising the configuration of first or top battery 26.Described embodiment is shown in Figure 4, and it has the structure with the similar of Fig. 3, but the refractive index of dull and stereotyped 24 may be limited or lower, owing to a part of light non-absorbent fact before arrival dull and stereotyped 24.
Again referring to Fig. 3, when optical module 14 is equipped with top battery 26, this battery can in any number of ways (as with adhering agent layer 25 (such as titania sol-gel sticker)) be connected to dull and stereotyped 24, or structure as a whole on the top being alternately grown directly upon dull and stereotyped 24.Described adhering agent layer 25 desirably can have high index of refraction in use and light relatively easily can be advanced via it and enter dull and stereotyped 24.In one embodiment, first or top battery 26 can be unijunction solar cell or photovoltaic cell, or can be multijunction cell.
Reach maximum in order to light will be caught in flat board, other reflector can be set on its one or more side.Alternately, battery or cell stacks can be arranged on one or more dull and stereotyped side, but described side will desirably be equipped with filter for described configuration, and wherein said filter can patterned surface form be arranged on the side of sub-battery and/or flat board 24.
Light catches optical module 14 and comprises the sub-battery 22 of multiple photovoltaic, 22' further, and each wherein absorbs predefined spectrum subset through regulating with photovoltaic.As demonstrated, each in sub-battery 22,22' can be multijunction solar cell, or is more particularly three-joint solar cell.As in Fig. 3, the best illustrates, first cell stacks 22 is adjacent to the second cell stacks 22' and settles, and each cell stacks comprises in single battery structure three stack of cells with three knots, thus for whole system provides six photovoltaic cells regulated by different way (but when arranging top battery, it will provide the 7th photovoltaic cell of system, and it also can regulate from any one the different mode in other six batteries).Can each in battery 22 and between adjacent cells 22' installation space with by described battery electric insulation, maintain the insulating material (such as UV solidification dielectric polymer or sense equivalent) that battery be spaced apart tab sequencial as being equipped with.In one embodiment, battery is considered to adjacent to each other, because it is placed poling close to each other and contact without actual electrical each other.That is, battery can be spaced apart from each other the distance between 1 micron and 1mm, or may be closer proximity to each other, as in 1 to 100 micrometer ranges.In general, each cell stacks is designed to the specific wavelength of the light responding the incident light being directed into it most effectively.
The exemplary embodiment illustrated, second cell stacks 22' comprises many layers, comprises leading edge contact grid 50, first battery 52, second battery 56 and the 3rd battery 60 and the first tunnel junction 54, second battery 56 between the first battery 52 and the second battery 56 and the second tunnel junction 58 between the 3rd battery 60 and trailing edge contact 62.Contiguous first cell stacks 22 also comprises many layers, comprises leading edge contact grid 70, first battery 72, second battery 76 and the 3rd battery 80 and the first tunnel junction 74, second battery 76 between the first battery 72 and the second battery 76 and the second tunnel junction 78 between the 3rd battery 80 and trailing edge contact 82.
Continue the exemplary embodiment with reference to the cell stacks of figure 3, first battery 52 (it is the uppermost battery of this stacking 22') of the second cell stacks 22' is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 670nm to 564nm scope) of incident light and can have 1.85eV band gap.The spectral bandwidth part of incident light beyond this wave-length coverage will advance to adjacent cells 56.Second battery 56 (it is the intermediate cell of this stacking 22') of the second cell stacks 22' is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 785nm to 670nm scope) of incident light and can have 1.58eV band gap.The spectral bandwidth part of incident light beyond this wave-length coverage will advance to adjacent cells 60.3rd battery 60 (it is the nethermost battery of this stacking 22') of the second cell stacks 22' is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 898nm to 785nm scope) of incident light and can have 1.38eV band gap.
As discussed above, first cell stacks 22 is adjacent to the second cell stacks 22', and wherein the first battery 72 (it is these stacking 22 uppermost batteries) of the first cell stacks 22 is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 1088nm to 898nm scope) of incident light and can have 1.14eV band gap.The spectral bandwidth part of incident light beyond this wave-length coverage will advance to adjacent cells 76.Second battery 76 (it is this intermediate cell of stacking 22) of the first cell stacks 22 is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 1333nm to 1088nm scope) of incident light and can have 0.93eV band gap.The spectral bandwidth part of incident light beyond this wave-length coverage will advance to adjacent cells 80.3rd battery 80 (it is these stacking 22 nethermost batteries) of the first cell stacks 22 is through regulating (such as it has band gap characteristic) to absorb the spectral bandwidth part (being included in the wavelength in 1771nm to 1333nm scope) of incident light and can have 0.70eV band gap.These wave-length coverages described and associated band gap are only intended to provide exemplary means to configure, and should understand embodiments of the invention and can comprise the battery or cell stacks with the feature at least slightly different from the feature of the embodiment of this description.
First battery or cell stacks 22 can comprise bus 40 further, and it can be arranged for the battery with relatively low band gap, and the second battery or cell stacks 22' can comprise bus 42, and it can be arranged for the battery with relatively high band gap.The crosspoint 44 of isolation is positioned at the place of bus 40,42 intersection.Alternately, other contact method and configuration can be used, as the non-crossing isolation contact to dorsal part conducting path.
As demonstrated, sub-battery 22,22' are to cross over the length of optical module 14 and replacing or the arrangement of " gridiron pattern " type pattern form of width.Also as shown in Figure 2, optical module 14 can comprise one or more filter 30 be usually placed between dielectric plate 24 and sub-battery 22,22'.Arrange described filter 30 to guarantee that light is directed into correct sub-battery, the light not wherein being directed into correct sub-battery should be reflected.In order to provide required filtration, the flat board of veining may be equipped with the filter of checkerboard pattern, and described filter corresponds to battery arrangement and aliging with it, first group of sub-battery is alignd and second group of sub-battery aligns with second group of filter with first group of filter.In alternative arrangement, checkerboard pattern can be made up of the filter had on the battery of relatively low band gap or cell stacks (such as battery or cell stacks 22), and the low-energy photon of some of them will be had the battery of relatively high band gap or cell stacks (such as cell stacks 22') parasitic absorption.In the embodiment of photovoltaic system, the adjacent cells of checkerboard pattern is easy to accept the different wave length from spectrum splitter.Which increase the photon with required wavelength and will clash into the possibility of particular child battery and internal reflection minimum number in dielectric plate 24.Filter can have many different embodiments, as stacking in multilayer dielectric matter, grating, photonic crystal, and wherein all each may be or may not be fully periodically.
The filter used together with module 14 can be two dimension or three-D photon crystal type filter, and such as it can through selecting to realize better omni-directional compared with simple layering filter or 1-D photon crystal.Although 1-D photon crystal may can realize omnidirectional's performance, therefore described filter may not effectively, and also be considered to use together with the present invention when light is incident from high-index material (high index of refraction as described herein is dull and stereotyped).Photonic crystal can have multiple different structure and characteristic, but as described herein, it is made up of Periodic dielectric nanostructure usually, and described nanostructure is brought by the electron energy defining permission and forbidding affects electromagnetic wave propagation.Substantially, photonic crystal contains the interior zone of the regular repetition of height and low-k.Photon (behavior is as ripple) via this structure-borne, can depend on its wavelength.Allow the wavelength of the light of advancing to be called as mould, and allow the group of mould to form band.Unallowed wavelength band is called as photon band gap, and it causes different optical phenomenon, as the suppression of spontaneous emission, high reverse--bias omnidirectional minute surface and low loss waveguide.Because basic physical phenomenon is based on diffraction, therefore photon crystal structure and the periodicity of dielectric feature can have electromagnetic roughly the same length scale (that is, 1/4 of the wavelength in the material for 1-D photon crystal minute surface) in photon crystal material.
Each in the photovoltaic cell of module 14 can comprise many features, as central battery active region, back of the body contact and reflector, one or more contact grid region, can comprise the layer of antireflecting coating/filter and/or sticker.Each in photovoltaic cell usually through regulating or having the band gap characteristic allowing it to absorb the special spectrum portions of bandwidth of the incident light that it stands, and can comprise its reflection of permission not by the reflector of absorption portion at the top of battery or bottom place.In operation, photovoltaic cell with reverberation through arranging to make to enter will be absorbed down to minimum energy from highest energy in each in cell stacks and be reflected (such as blue light absorbed before green glow, and orange light absorbed before ruddiness).
As mentioned above, optical module 14 is illustrated and is described as having two different cell stacks, and each wherein comprises three band gap to use six different solar cells (when not considering the first battery) in the module thus.But more or less arrange two described cell stacks for compared with particular optical module with can change into, wherein each battery will absorb and the special spectrum subset reflected is then above for the special spectrum subset described in six junction structures by being different from.In addition, the wave-length coverage relevant to each solar cell above-mentioned can be less or comparatively large, depends on the adjustment of certain material used, system and the position etc. of system.
One or more photovoltaic system of the present invention can manufacture the module comprising multiple system.System self and/or the module comprising it can be installed to again in common framework, and wherein whole framework and/or individual modules optionally can comprise tracking or non-tracking feature, depend on system and its desired properties.
The relatively high efficiency that can be realized by photovoltaic system of the present invention occurs because of many reasons.A reason is, the solid material of dielectric plate can provide the efficiency of increase in incident light and the coupling of solar cell optics and randomization light, light is allowed to be trapped in flat board, owing to may because of the high index of refraction caused by the battery (such as blue cell) on top.Another reason is, effective division of spectrum is carried out in one way, and described mode makes each solar cell accept the special spectrum subset the most effectively absorbed by it.Filter used can be omnidirectional's filter, makes it in the angle of broad range, can end the light of suitable wavelength relative efficiency.When described omnidirectional's filter, angle equalization reflects and is delivered in associated band will be relatively high.
Above-mentioned optical module 14 can optionally be equipped with optical concentration module 12, and it can comprise one or more concentrator.In an example system of use two concentrators, be provided with both first order optics part or concentrator 16 and secondary optical part or concentrator 18.The one-level concentrator 16 illustrated is Fresnel lenses, and secondary concentrator 18 is compound parabolic concentrators.In one-level concentrator 16, the lens of any type or concentrator can be used to replace Fresnel lens, but Fresnel lens can provide effective means incident light being gathered camera lens significantly less region significantly lighter compared with conventional lenses from relatively large surface area lens (such as 30cm wide × 30cm is long).Therefore, light can be focused on zonule to provide required light gathering degree level from large regions by standard lens or Fresnel lens effectively, and light weight Fresnel lens can provide some structural benefits.If desired, secondary concentrator or optical element then can use the light of this gathering exported from one-level concentrator and it be assembled further.In the exemplified embodiment, secondary concentrator 16 makes the distance of the spaced apart about 30cm of the basal surface of upper surface and Fresnel lens through settling, but described distance can significantly change, and depends on the characteristic of one-level concentrator 12 and the required efficiency of described system.When using concentrator (as Fresnel lens), the lens of high surface area are exposed to incident light and gather the region of the input area corresponding to secondary concentrator 18.
Although secondary concentrator 18 is depicted as compound parabolic concentrator in this embodiment, can change or use in addition other or other secondary/tri-grade concentrator into.For an example, secondary concentrator can be the parabolic condenser being characterised in that flattened side light funnel, and it will provide optical efficiency little compared with compound parabolic concentrator usually, but still can provide acceptable efficiency.Relative shape and the size of shown secondary concentrator 18 are intended to be exemplary, because except the shape illustrated, concentrator can comprise many different arcuate shape for its concentrator region.The shape of the feature of secondary concentrator 18 and size are through design and select that the system of entering is supplied to the light gathering degree optimization of the light of optical module 14.In an alternative aspect of the present invention, system 10 will not comprise the multiple optical concentrators that work of connecting, and will change into and only comprise single or first order optics concentrator, as comprised the system of only optically focused in compound parabolic concentrator situation.Other concentrator (such as three grades of concentrators) should be understood further can to illustrate with relative to this exemplary embodiment and the firsts and seconds concentrator described is connected and used.
Be chosen as the quantity of concentrator and type that particular optical concentration module 12 arranges to be provided in the predetermined required light gathering in particular range.For example, the light gathering of concentrator 12 can be included in 100 × and 1000 × between light gathering degree.But, 100 × following or be considered within the scope of the invention in 1000 × above light gathering degree level.Selected light gathering degree level can provide relative compact the thermal load of assembly and cost to be reduced to minimum concentration module 12 simultaneously.The concentration module illustrated is only an exemplary beam condensing unit or system, wherein should understand alternatively or except illustrating and can using eurypalynous condenser system perhaps except the concentrator described.Light catches optical module 14 and is positioned at below the output of concentration module 12, and makes the output of module 12 and light capture module 14 be in optical communication through settling, and it is best shown in the zoomed-in view of such as Fig. 2,
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of smooth capture filter concentrator of the present invention when it can be attached in multilayer board 90.Specifically, show light and catch optical module 14, its have with the cross tie part 92 of top battery bus and with the cross tie part 93 of top battery trailing edge contact and the cross tie part 94 with the back of the body or trailing edge contact.The radiator 96 that rear portion is installed is also to illustrate relative to the cell stacks 22 of module 14, the exemplary relation of 22'.
Fig. 6 represents to catch the refractive index of dielectric plate by the three dimensional drawing of the design space of maximizing optical efficiency relative to number of battery cells and light.Specifically, described graphic showing needs the sub-battery of the plate material of high index of refraction and relatively low number to realize relatively high optical efficiency.For an example, be the flat board (such as glass (SiO of 1.5 in refractive index
2)) fitted underneath have the system of two sub-batteries to be calculated as the optical efficiency with about 69%, and be also that the system that the below of the flat board of 1.5 has five sub-batteries is calculated as the optical efficiency with about 36% in refractive index.In another example, in refractive index be about 3.5 the fitted underneath of flat board (such as GaP) have the system of two sub-batteries to be calculated as the optical efficiency with about 92%.
Fig. 7 is represent the exemplary means efficiency that uses device of the present invention and concept to become with light gathering degree graphic.
The present invention now describes with reference to its several embodiment.Any patent identified herein or whole disclosure of patent application case combine hereby by reference.Only provide previous detailed description and example for clear understanding.Unnecessary restriction should be interpreted as from it.Those skilled in the art, by clear, can make many changes without departing from the scope of the invention in the described embodiment.Therefore, scope of the present invention should not be limited to described structure herein, and limits by means of only the equivalent of the structure described by the language of claims with those structures.
Claims (15)
1. incident light is changed into a photovoltaic system for electric energy, described system comprises:
Light catches optical module, and it comprises:
Light randomization dielectric plate, it has first surface and second surface;
First battery, it is adjacent to the described first surface of described dielectric plate, and wherein said first power brick absorbs the lower band gap of the energy phase specific energy that starts containing with described dielectric plate;
At least one component of the light filter, the described second surface optical contact of itself and described dielectric plate; And
Sub-array, it comprises the sub-battery of multiple photovoltaic, and at least one in wherein said sub-battery comprises the first surface with at least one component of the light filter optical contact described.
2. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, the described band gap of wherein said first battery is higher than the band gap of at least one in described multiple sub-battery.
3. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, the described second surface of wherein said dielectric plate comprises multiple component of the light filter, and each in wherein said multiple component of the light filter and the one optical contact in described multiple sub-battery.
4. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, the described second surface of wherein said dielectric plate comprises at least one component of the light filter described.
5. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, the described first surface of at least one in wherein said multiple sub-battery comprises at least one component of the light filter described.
6. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, at least one component of the light filter wherein said comprises that multilayer dielectric matter is stacking, one in grating and photonic crystal.
7. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, at least one component of the light filter wherein said comprises omnidirectional's component of the light filter.
8. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, each in wherein said multiple sub-battery comprises multijunction cell.
9. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, wherein said multiple sub-power brick is containing the array of stacking photovoltaic cell.
10. photovoltaic system according to claim 1, wherein said multiple sub-power brick is containing having more than first sub-batteries of the first band gap and having more than second sub-batteries of the second band gap, and at least one component of the light filter wherein said comprises the first and second component of the light filter, each in described component of the light filter corresponds to the one in described first and described more than second sub-batteries.
11. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, the first surface of wherein said first battery comprises antireflection material.
12. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, itself and printed circuit board combination.
13. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, the refractive index of wherein said dielectric plate is greater than 2.0 under the wavelength of 550nm, and the refractive index of wherein said dielectric plate and described first battery is provided in the total internal reflection catching incident light in described dielectric plate and described first battery.
14. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, it comprises optical concentration module further, described optical concentration module comprises input area and output area, incident light enters in described input area and enters described concentration module, and the light assembled leaves described concentration module from described output area, wherein said output area and described optical module are in optical communication.
15. photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, each in the described sub-battery of wherein said sub-array and each contiguous sub-battery be spaced apart and electric insulation by insulating material.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261695216P | 2012-08-30 | 2012-08-30 | |
| US61/695216 | 2012-08-30 | ||
| US201361756804P | 2013-01-25 | 2013-01-25 | |
| US61/756804 | 2013-01-25 | ||
| PCT/US2013/057541 WO2014036411A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Photovoltaic system including light trapping filtered optical module |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105027305A true CN105027305A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
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ID=49274851
Family Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380052930.5A Pending CN105027305A (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Photovoltaic system including light trapping filtered optical module |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2015530746A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20150048841A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105027305A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014036411A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105262427A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 连云港神舟新能源有限公司 | Double-sided solar-cell-module double-sided light receiving device |
| CN106772740A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 兰州大学 | A kind of photonic crystal filters and its application for thermo-optical cell |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100032005A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Joseph Ford | System and method for solar energy capture |
| US20110284054A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2011-11-24 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Spectral splitting for multi-bandgap photovoltaic energy conversion |
| US20100212717A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Whitlock John P | Solar collector with optical waveguide |
| WO2011011691A2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Joule Unlimited, Inc. | Solar energy gathering system, apparatus, and method |
| WO2012018649A2 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | Spectrawatt, Inc. | Cooperative photovoltaic networks and photovoltaic cell adaptations for use therein |
-
2013
- 2013-08-30 WO PCT/US2013/057541 patent/WO2014036411A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-30 KR KR1020157007870A patent/KR20150048841A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-30 CN CN201380052930.5A patent/CN105027305A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-30 JP JP2015530095A patent/JP2015530746A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105262427A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 连云港神舟新能源有限公司 | Double-sided solar-cell-module double-sided light receiving device |
| CN106772740A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 兰州大学 | A kind of photonic crystal filters and its application for thermo-optical cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014036411A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| JP2015530746A (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| KR20150048841A (en) | 2015-05-07 |
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