CN105008588A

CN105008588A - Method for producing a metal or non-metal, metal-coated substrate, a metal or non-metal, metal-coated substrate, and use of said substrat

Info

Publication number: CN105008588A
Application number: CN201480012739.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马赛厄斯·多恩瑟夫; 维利·布劳恩
Original assignee: ROPAL EUROP AG
Current assignee: ROPAL EUROP AG
Priority date: 2013-01-08
Filing date: 2014-01-08
Publication date: 2015-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2034-01-08
Also published as: HK1199910A1; EP2752504B1; HUE029387T2; EP2752504A1; WO2014108326A1; ES2588603T3; CN105008588B; US20150353773A1; PL2752504T3; PT2752504T; RU2015133270A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a metal or non-metal, metal-coated substrate, comprising the following steps: a) providing at least one substrate having at least one surface that can be coated with metal at least in some areas; c) applying at least one metal composite protective layer, containing as a main component at least one first metal selected from the group comprising Al, Mn, Mg, Cr, and Zn or at least one first metal alloy selected from the group comprising steel, stainless steel, an Mg alloy, a Cr alloy, and an Al alloy, and at least one second metal and/or at least one oxidically bonded second metal, selected from the group comprising Zr, Ti, and Hf, distributed in the main component as a minor component, or composed of the main component and the minor component, wherein step c) comprises the following sub-steps: i) applying at least one metal layer, containing the or composed of the at least one first metal or containing the or composed of the at least one first metal alloy, to the surface of the substrate that can be coated, by means of vapor deposition and/or sputtering, and ii) treating the metal layer according to step i) with at least one, in particular acidic, first aqueous system, containing at least one first compound of the second metal; d) silanizing the composite protective layer from step c) ii) by treating said composite protective layer with at least one, in particular alkaline, second aqueous system so as to form at least one polysiloxane layer, in particular directly on the composite protective layer; and e) applying at least one lacquer layer, in particular directly, to the polysiloxane layer according to step d). In an alternative embodiment, the metal layer applied by means of vapor deposition and/or sputtering can be treated directly with the second aqueous system before the lacquer layer is applied. The invention further relates to metal-coated substrates that can be obtained in accordance with the method according to the invention. The invention further relates to the use of the coated substrates according to the invention.

Description

Prepare the method for metal or nonmetallic washing substrate, the purposes of metal or nonmetallic washing substrate and described substrate

Describe

The present invention relates to and prepare metal or nonmetallic washing substrate, the particularly method of protection against corrosion and/or glossiness, metal or nonmetallic washing substrate, and relate to particularly protection against corrosion and/or glossiness, metal or nonmetallic washing substrate and uses thereof.

Long ago just know the vision refinement of any substrate, use it to give these substrate metal effects.The basic demand of metal substrate and washing substrate is excellent erosion resistance and the visual appearance of pleasant.Usually, target passes on the impression of chromium plating substrate.There is the substrate particularly important in the automotive industry of metalluster and corrosion-resistance properties characteristic, such as, when preparing wheel or wheel rim, particularly light metal wheel or wheel rim.The outward appearance that chromium is glittering and the tolerance to usual working conditions is expected from these products.

Such as, use the method light metal wheel rim known in the art is plating chromium plating.Use the method, by the only layers of chrome of some thousandths of thickness of a millimeter, be applied to light metal wheel rim.All uneven in order to avoid regenerative ratio substrate surface, therefore wheel rim must be ground before plating coating procedure, high gloss polishing is also thoroughly ready to.Otherwise, after chromium plating step, all pores, cut and uneven will be seen on coating wheel rim.The processing step of grinding and high gloss polishing needs plenty of time and work, even if substrate geometry does not have too large challenge.In addition, in view of job security, electroplating process is warm work like this, incorrectly may endanger environment and if operate.Usually, electroplated chrome surface just comes in contact corrosion once damage.Under such as rainwater or snow melt water mitigation, it comprises the road salt of dissolving usually, voltage series is produced between the more valuable part (in this case, chromium is as tectum) and not too valuable metal (such as aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy or stainless steel) of substrate.Herein, not too valuable metal decomposes.Therefore, such as, when occurring to corrode between crystal, wheel rim can be seriously damaged under rough sledding, and then it in use can produce keying action to both the visual appearance of wheel rim and level of stability under dynamic load.In addition, the shortcoming of plating chrome-plating process is, the layers of chrome of plating application frequently comprises the coefficient of expansion different from the baseplate material below it.This can cause tension force individually, and it causes crackle or even peels off.This damage is not usually by spot repair or cover elimination.

DE 102 10 269 Al discloses the method that the substrates coatings of substrate metal outward appearance is given in bonding.First substrate is applied on undercoat also dry.Then, inorganic adhesive process undercoat is used.Then, silver layer is applied.Finally, protective paint is used to apply the layer applied.Use the method coated substrate, the oxidation of silver layer is occurred relatively rapidly by protective paint, and it also not exclusively seals.This causes the silver layer losing bonding from substrate, and finally causes yellow to be faded.

In order to obtain enough protection against corrosions of metal parts, frequent application is also called the coating comprising chromium of conversion layer.Due to the light yellow sparkle effect of the type coating, this process is also called yellow chromating process.Contrary with the supercoat that anode is applied, just do not reoffer GPF (General Protection False once surface be scratched chromic salt conversion layer.Obtain by dipping method or injection/spraying method and add chromium surface.The example of the application of chromic salt protective layer can at US 2, and 825,697 and US2,928, learn in 763.Chromium underlayer is applied conventional conversion layer and such as also in WO2004/014646A1, has description.

The chromate coating of modification provides in WO 01/51681A2, must comprise chromium chloride (III) and SODIUMNITRATE according to the passivating dip that this application is suitable.

In DE 197 02 566 C2, for the method for luminescent coating trolley part, be finally modified under the help of chromate coating and use magnetron the high gloss layer be made of metal to be applied to the degree of the powder enamelled coating be present on chromate coating under vacuo.By the method, systematically can produce color effect and not need to add external pigment.

In addition, known from WO 01/51681A2 and DE 602 00 458 T2, not by means of only using the chromic salt process comprising passivation or conversion solution to make metal level corrosion-resistant, and in order to this object, also can use and not allow diffluent metal phosphate coating, as having the coating of zinc or iron phosphoric acid salt bottom.

For Chrome-free surface treatment, according to DE 103 32 744 A1, also can use comprise at least partly hydrolysis without silicon fluoride and the aqueous mixture of silane of at least part of hydrolysis comprising fluorine.

According to DE 602 00 458 T2, can obtain enough erosion resistances, because erosion shield comprises metallic zinc powder and at least one metal-salt rust-preventive agent, wherein this metal-salt is based on magnesium, aluminium, calcium and barium, and has the average diameter size being not more than 1 μm.Metal in metal-salt must be more alkaline than zinc.

According to DE 100 49 005 A1, when the application of the process steps and lubricant that use passivator process occurs simultaneously, obtain good protection against corrosion.Its prerequisite is, the reagent comprising lubricant can't help titanium substantially or/and zirconium and fluorine and polymkeric substance composition.This novel method uses long chain molecule residue substantially, and it is as known in tensio-active agent from the surfactant contributing to self assembly.Therefore, this technology is also called SAM coating (self assembly molecule).

According to DE 101 49 148 A1, the Chrome-free top coat of the metal can applied under high coating speed, the waterborne compositions of agent is manufactured based on the organic membrane comprised containing at least one polymkeric substance, described polymkeric substance is not easy water-soluble or is dispersed in water, it has the acid number of 5 to 200, at least one has inorganic connection and at least one lubricant of the particle form of 0.005 to 0.3 μm of median size, the desciccator diaphragm wherein applied comprises the layer thickness of 0.01 to 10 μm, the pendulum intensity of 50 to 180s and the elasticity preventing the crack of being longer than 2mm from occurring when bending with taper pin according to DIN ISO 6860.Synthetic resins based on acrylate, divinyl, ethyl, polyester, urethane, silicon polyester, epoxy, phenol, vinylbenzene and urine formaldehyde is suitable as organic membrane and manufactures agent.

US 6,896,920B2 discloses multilayer gloss coating, uses it first polymer layer to be applied to metallic substrate surfaces.Then, this polymeric coating is supplemented by metal level.Then, will the inorganic layer corroded be prevented to be applied to this metal level.This multilayer system last, top layer is transparency protected enamelled coating.Although it is confirmed as preventing corrosion, according to US 6,896,920B2, in the CASS salt ejection test using multilager base plate, only corroding relevant change in mensuration surface after 168 hours.But, even if automotive industry needs the evidence on unconverted surface after 240 hours usually.

The object of this invention is to provide the substrate, particularly protection against corrosion of preparation coating and/or the substrate of glossiness coating, and the method for the substrate, particularly protection against corrosion of coating and/or the substrate of glossiness coating, it does not have the shortcoming of prior art.Object of the present invention is supplying method especially, use described method especially, protection against corrosion substrate can be obtained, it is very corrosion resistant, even if under mechanical load or after long-time damage, and its display or comprise the visual appearance had a great attraction, as usually use at the most plating chromium plating obtain.Further aim of the present invention is the substrate that preparation is applied; particularly the method for the substrate of protection against corrosion and/or glossiness coating is feasible; it provides the substrate of this coating to make do not have water droplet or oil stain; be characterised in that the excellent bonds of all layers, and in the simple and reliable method of technology, particularly pass through the bonding of the improvement of outer protection coating or top coat.Therefore, the method for the substrate of substrate, particularly protection against corrosion that object of the present invention still makes preparation apply and/or glossiness coating is feasible, uses it to obtain the substrate with the coating of the significantly improved bonding of outer protection coating or top coat.Finally, the object of this invention is to provide substrate, especially, be characterised in that the substrate of protection against corrosion and/or the glossiness coating being not too easy to scrape damage.

According to the present invention, this object is completed by the substrate approach preparing the substrate of metal or nonmetallic washing, particularly protection against corrosion and/or glossiness, metal or nonmetallic washing, and described method comprises the following steps:

A) at least one substrate is provided, its have at least regionally can metallizing at least one surface;

C) at least layer of metal composite protection layer is applied; it comprises at least one first metal being selected from aluminium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and zinc as main ingredient or at least one first metal alloy being selected from steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy; with be distributed in described main ingredient as at least one second metal of the selected among zirconium of accessory constituent, titanium and hafnium and/or the second metal of at least one oxidation bonding; or be made up of described main ingredient and described accessory constituent, wherein method steps c) comprise substep:

I) by vapour deposition and/or sputtering at least layer of metal layer is applied to described substrate can coated surface, described metal level comprise described at least one first metal or consisting of or comprise described at least one first metal alloy or consisting of; With

Ii) use at least one first water-based system comprising described bimetallic at least one first compound, the first particularly acid water-based system, according to step I) process described metal level;

Making will during this treatment step, preferably bimetallic at least one first compound and/or derive from bimetallic at least one second compound of described at least one first compound, particularly when with during metal layer contacting and/or when entering metal level when migration; And/or during this treatment step, derive from the second metal of at least one first compound and/or the second compound, particularly when with during metal layer contacting and/or when entering metal level when migration, be combined in formed composite protection layer metal level in and be present in composite protection layer, especially with metallic forms and/or with oxidation bonding form;

D) by using at least one second water-based system, particularly the second water-based system of alkalescence, process described composite protection layer, from step c described in silanization) ii) composite protection layer to form at least one deck silicone layer, particularly direct on described composite protection layer; With

E) according to steps d) apply at least that coast of paint layer is in described silicone layer, particularly direct in described silicone layer;

Or described method comprises the following steps:

A ') at least one substrate is provided, its have at least regionally can metallizing at least one surface;

C ') by vapour deposition and/or sputtering at least layer of metal layer is applied to described substrate can coated surface, described metal level comprise at least one first metal that is selected from aluminium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and zinc or consisting of or comprise at least one first metal alloy that is selected from steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy or consisting of;

D ') by using at least one second water-based system, particularly the second water-based system of alkalescence, process described metal level, silanization is from step c ') metal level to form at least one deck silicone layer, particularly direct on described metal level; With

E ') according to steps d ') apply at least that coast of paint layer is in described silicone layer, particularly direct in described silicone layer.

In the first metal that second metal of at least one second metal and/or at least one oxidation bonding is present in the first main ingredient represented in metal composite protective layer with distribution form or embedding form or the first metal alloy.In one embodiment, the second metal of the second metal and/or oxidation bonding is evenly distributed in the first metal or the first metal alloy substantially.In another embodiment, the second Metal Distribution of at least one second metal and/or at least one oxidation bonding, especially, is uniformly distributed in the whole thickness of the composite protection layer spread all in the first metal or the first metal alloy.Therefore, also metal composite protective layer can be considered as the internal mix thing comprising the first metal or the first metal alloy, wherein there is or embedded in the second metal of at least one second metal and/or at least one oxidation bonding.

Use method of the present invention, using metal composite protective layer to obtain the substrate of washing, therefore himself is highly etch-proof, and in addition by application substrate, as long as it is substrate described in metal substrate also prevent corrosion.When using non-metal base plate, so its protection against corrosion character relates to coat of metal; using metal substrate not only to obtain self is etch-proof metal protection layer; and this composite protection layer gives metal substrate height effective non-corrosibility on the contrary, more like this when the metal of metal substrate and the first metal of composite protection layer mate.Meanwhile, this metal composite protective layer is usually very glossy, makes high gloss, high tolerance substrate surface becomes possibility.The protection against corrosion defined by the present invention means coated substrate to be provided high-caliber non-corrosibility and helps prevent under normal conditions of use or reduce corrosion.Use term non-corrosibility do not mean to obtain all can absolute corrosion resistant coated substrate under imagination condition.On the contrary, object is that allow to improve under usual use conditions, more durable non-corrosibility and optionally new opplication suitability.

Suitable substrate can be metal and nonmetal both character.Such as, can think that the substrate comprising glass, carbon material, pottery or plastics or be made up of it is suitable non-metal base plate.Specially suitable plastics are PVC, polyolefine, particularly polypropylene, polymeric amide, polyester, polycarbonate and polyoxyalkylene, such as POM.In suitable substrate, nonmetallic ingredient or part can with metal component or part and deposit.Suitable metal substrate comprises such as, magnesium, titanium or aluminium or metal alloy, particularly, and magnesium alloy, titanium alloy or aluminium alloy or stainless steel.Usually, the mould be made up of all metals, metal alloy and precious metal is suitable as metal substrate.The substrate be made up of aluminium, iron, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, magnesium, iridium, gold and silver, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, molybdenum, nickel, bronze, titanium, zinc, lead, tungsten or manganese and their alloy is the example of suitable substrate.Preferred metal substrate or metallic substrate surfaces comprise aluminum or aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy, or iron or iron alloy or especially consisting of.Herein, highly pure aluminium, magnesium or titanium are preferred, and especially relative to the gross weight of coat of metal, magnalium or titanium part are at least 90% by weight, especially by weight at least 99%.For metal substrate, particularly preferably use aluminum and its alloy.

Step c according to the inventive method) to be applied to the mean thickness of the metal protection on substrate or composite protection layer; or according to step c) mean thickness of metal level i) to be applied is generally 5nm to 500nm; be preferably 10nm to 300nm, and particularly preferably 20nm to 200nm.In useful especially embodiment, this thickness is 50nm to 150nm.If select too small thickness, then there is the risk obtaining semitransparent layer.If layer thickness is too outstanding, then sticking problem may be had according to application.

Very satisfied as a result, such as obtain the layer thickness with 50nm to 120nm.Result of the present invention can obtain the layer thickness being less than 100nm regularly.

According to the present invention, step c) metal protection or composite protection layer or step c) the first metal of metal level i) particularly comprises aluminium, magnesium or chromium, or the first metal alloy comprises steel, stainless steel or aluminium alloy, Chrome metal powder or magnesium alloy.Specially suitable composite protection layer or metal level comprise aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Especially, preferably the first metal, the preferably purity of aluminium, be equivalent to by weight at least 80%, preferably by weight more than 90%, and preferably to by weight at least 99%.

In preferred embodiments, the first metal can be selected from aluminium, magnesium and chromium, or the first metal alloy can be selected from steel, stainless steel, at least one magnesium alloy, at least one Chrome metal powder and at least one aluminium alloy and/or the second metal can selected among zirconium and titanium.In another preferred embodiment, bimetallic first compound comprises at least one oxide compound, double oxide, oxide hydrate, oxyhalogenide, halogenide, salt and/or acid, particularly acid.Bimetallic second compound is preferably the second metal of oxidation bonding, particularly oxide compound, double oxide, oxide hydrate and/or oxyhalogenide.

Zirconium or zirconium compounds are preferably used as the second metal.Certainly, any mixture of bimetallic compound can be used for preparing composite protection layer.Therefore, bimetallic any mixture of the second metal and/or oxidation bonding can be present in identical metal composite protective layer.Can find out, away from standard plating chrome-plating method on method and technology of the present invention, and in gloss effect, gloss retention and erosion resistance, at least obtain equivalent results.

In composite protection layer, the second metal of the second metal or oxidation bonding, is preferably zirconium, relative to the gross weight of metal composite protective layer, by weight 0.2-10%, preferably 1-7% by weight, and particularly preferably by weight the amount of 1.5-5% exist.

Second metal of oxidation bonding also comprises double oxide as aluminium and Zirconium oxide.

Be not bound to any particular theory, suppose at present, such as, be present in the bimetallic compound in water-based system with acid or salt form, be present in metal composite protective layer after in the second metal being converted into oxidation bonding or described second metal.

Bimetallic suitable acid comprises such as, zirconic acid hydrofluoro (H ₂zrF ₆), hydrofluotitanic acid (H ₂tiF ₆) and fluorine hafnium acid (H ₂hfF ₆).Naturally, the mixture of different acid can also be used.Their pure state and the Impure forms that comprises such as fluoric acid can use these fluoric acids.In water-based system, relative to the gross weight of water-based system, acid such as can reach 5% by weight, and particularly nearly the amount of 3.5% exists by weight.Fluoric acid can also such as by weight the amount of 0.1-3% be present in water-based system.

Among suitable salt, preferably, the trade mark such as deriving from Magnesium ElectronInc. can be used to be called the zirconium carbonate ammonium ((NH of Bacote 20 ₄) ₄[Zr (OH) ₂(CO ₃) ₃] n H ₂o).In addition, basic metal and such as Na can also be used ₂zrF ₆, KZrF ₆, (NH ₄) ZrF ₆ammonium fluozirconate and zirconium nitrate, Zircosol ZN, zirconium carbonate, Zirconium tetrafluoride or zirconium sulfate.So or with the form of any mixture each other can use these bimetallic compounds.

In one embodiment, bimetallic oxide compound can comprise zirconium white, titanium oxide and/or oxide compound hafnium, bimetallic oxyhalogenide can comprise zirconyl oxyhalides zirconium, particularly fluorochemical, titanium oxyhalide, particularly fluorochemical and/or zirconyl oxyhalides hafnium, particularly fluorochemical, bimetallic acid can comprise the acid of fluorine zirconic acid, hydrofluotitanic acid and/or fluorine hafnium, and/or bimetallic salt can comprise fluozirconate, fluotitanate and/or fluohafnate.

According to another embodiment of the inventive method, step c) or c ') in deposition or sputtering technology comprises physical vapor deposition (PVD), uses the vapour deposition of electron beam vaporization device, uses the vapour deposition of resistance vaporizer, induction vaporization (induction vaporization), ARC vaporization and/or cathode sputtering (sputtering coating), at each occurrence, particularly in high vacuum.

In order to according to step c) i) or step c ') applied metal layer, suitable deposition or sputtering method comprise physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating, use the vapour deposition of electron beam vaporization device, use the vapour deposition of resistance vaporizer, induce vaporization, ARC can be used to vaporize and cathode sputtering (sputtering coating), at each occurrence preferably in high vacuum.These methods are well known by persons skilled in the art.Can by coat of metal or composite bed or metal layer as to be applied on substrate or at it can on coated surface, on the first undercoat, the second undercoat and/or tackiness agent.Preferably, physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating is used.Herein, make to be heated by resistive wire coil or metal shuttle vaporizer, wherein various multi-form tungsten coil is preferred.Use PVD method, usually, vaporizer is equipped with coil that is insulated from each other and that can be clipped on vaporizer railing.Preferably the first metal of Accurate Measurement amount or the first metal alloy are added into each coil.By PVD system closing and emptying after, by open power supply start vaporization, vaporizer railing makes coil heating thus.Solid metal starts fusing and complete wetting coil, it typically is spiral helicine.After powering further, liquid metal is converted into gas phase, it can be deposited on substrate to be coated.

Vaporization from metal shuttle is carried out in a similar manner.Carburetor arrangement is identical substantially herein, but usually uses the shuttle be made up of the refractory metal sheet of such as tungsten, tantalum or molybdenum shuttle.

On substrate, other preferred method of depositing metal layers are cathode sputtering (sputtering method).Herein, negative electrode is arranged in the emptying receptacles be connected with the negative pole of power supply.The coating material of spraying is installed before next-door neighbour's negative electrode, and by the reverse side of substrate arranged to be coated at coating material to be sprayed.In addition, can supply argon gas as process gas by container, it finally also comprises the anode be connected with the positive pole of power supply.After container is emptying in advance, negative electrode is connected with power supply with anode.Due to system and the controlled inflow of argon gas, the center free path length of current carrier significantly reduces.Ionize in argon gas atmo electric field between a cathode and an anode.The ion of positively charged uses high-energy to accelerate to arrive electronegative negative electrode.During when their collisions and when ionic bombardment coating material, described material converting is vapour phase, uses high-energy to accelerate freedom of entry space, then condensation on substrate to be coated.

Other CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method of method used in the present invention, use the vaporization of electron beam vaporization, resistance, induction vaporization and/or vaporization uses heat, unstable state electric arc (ARC vaporization) carries out.

Method metal level being applied to metal or non-metal base plate is also well known by persons skilled in the art, and also should be included in herein, even if specifically do not name them.

According to further developing, method of the present invention also comprise following respectively step a) and c) or a ') and c ') between step:

B) or b ') by least one first undercoat and optionally the second undercoat be applied to the substrate of described substrate, particularly metal or plastics, and/or grinding and/or polishing described in substrate surface, particularly metallic substrate surfaces.

For metal substrate, substantive approach is suitable especially, described method be included in step a) after the following step:

B) at least the first undercoat be applied on substrate and/or grind and/or substrate surface described in polishing.

C) i) by physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating, the vaporization by stream of electrons vaporizer, the vaporization by resistance vaporizer, induction vaporization, ARC vaporization, cathode sputtering (sputtering coating) and/or by flooding or spraying, particularly in a vacuum the metal level comprising at least one first metal, the first precious metal and/or at least one first metal alloy to be applied on the first undercoat and/or on the substrate surface of polishing and/or grinding, and

C) ii) use the first water-based system process metal level comprising at least acid and/or bimetallic salt to form metal composite protective layer.

In this step, at least one the second undercoat can be applied to the first undercoat.

Herein, usually advantageously, at least one heat treatment step subsequently after application by the first and/or second undercoat sclerosis and/or annealing.

As application first He, if suitably, the second undercoat or substituting except application undercoat, can provide the machinery of the pre-converted of metallic substrate surfaces level and smooth, such as, by grinding and/or polishing or vibro-grinding.Grinding or polished metal surface have had the surface quality of this character, the step c when according to the inventive method usually) applied metal protection or composite bed time, obtain height protection against corrosion substrate.

Can such as use wet-coating methods and/or powder coating method, application the first and/or second undercoat.Suitable example is powder type vibrin compound and epoxy group(ing)/polyester powder.Such as, the commercially available trade name as the suitable epoxy of base coating material is known as " Valophene ".As at US 4,431, describe in 711, the undercoat based on urethane resin is also suitable as the first and second undercoats.As an alternative, the polyester as mentioned in WO2004/014646A1 or polyacrylic acid material can also be used.Wet-coating methods is the most particularly preferably for applying the object of undercoat.Be particularly preferably those undercoat application methodes, wherein use UV radiation, but not thermofixation realize the solidification of undercoat.About use UV radiation curing, do not need regularly other heating, even if when usually not having heat to produce in procedure.It is that those skilled in the art are enough familiar with that suitable powder coated, wet coating are covered with UV-solidification hierarchical system and their application.According to the quality (such as hole or scratch) on surface, one or more undercoat can be applied to make smooth surface.Particularly about the first undercoat, particularly herein as used in metallic substrate surfaces, usually obtain favourable smooth surface.Undercoat, particularly the first undercoat, therefore represent " smooth layer " usually.About undercoat, make also to make surfaceness smooth in that region even if usually arrive all angular zones.

According to the present invention, standard handovers layer can be provided in addition, such as, such as at US 2,825,697 or US 2,928, what describe in 763 can be applicable on substrate.

If substrate is metal substrate, then usually confirm that clean substrate surface is favourable in an appropriate manner, particularly when directly removing this metal substrate from respective production process.Such as, in the first preparation step, use alkalescence or acid reagent by metallic substrate surfaces degreasing.Such as be called by trade mark lower Henkel KGaA provides the degreasing agent of the type.In order to ensure not having degreasing agent to remain on the surface, it can negative influence procedure of processing below, then usually carries out the rinse step using water.Business defatting step is known decoction by name or etching degreasing also.As an alternative, can by metallic surface anode degreasing in ionogen degreasing bath.

In addition, in some cases, the verified surface making metal substrate, it is favourable that particularly degreasing metallic substrate surfaces carries out at least one acid pickling step.Such as, sour rinsing bath is used for the pickling of metallic substrate surfaces.Therefore, such as, suitable Acidwash solution is the hydrochloric acid (1:10v/v) of dilution.Therefore, usually oxide-free metallic surface is substantially obtained.

The mode identical with defatting step, acid pickling step is completed by rinse step usually.Herein, verified it is very effective, at least when rinse step closes to an end, and preferably in rinse step process, uses deionization (DI) water.

In preferred embodiments, coat of metal or composite protection layer are applied to step c) degreasing and/or acid-washed metal substrate surface, or the step c of the inventive method) i) or c ') metal level.According to other embodiments, also can by the first He, if suitably, the second undercoat is applied to degreasing and/or acid-washed metal substrate surface.

If metallic substrate surfaces is polishing and/or grinding or vibro-grinding, then usually can omit degreasing and/or acid pickling step.Usually, use the surface treatment of the type, from the material that this surface removal is enough, same removal is positioned at or adheres to surperficial impurity or other resistatess thus.If surface is polishing or grinding, then usually may omit application first He in addition, if suitably, the second undercoat.About polishing or grinding, the smooth or smooth surface usually obtaining quality like this makes the smoothing then do not needed by applying undercoat.But when metal substrate comprises many angles of being not easily sufficiently polished or grind and corner, carry out the first He subsequently, if suitably, the second undercoat may be desirable.

Glass and ceramic substrate itself usually so smooth making do not need polishing step or apply other undercoat.This is also applicable to plastic base usually.If need plastic base to have surface smooth especially, particularly there is the reliability of height, usually at least one undercoat of application.The suitable undercoat of plastic base is the such as clear lacquer or UV paint.Can before applied metal protective layer or metal level, wooden substrate and in some cases for the wooden substrate of grinding and/or polishing needs at least one undercoat usually, and therefore in implication of the present invention, form plastic base.

The plastic molded component of method process of the present invention can be used such as to be made up of ABS, SAN, ASA, PPE, ABS/PPE, ASA/PPE, SAN/PPE, PS, PVC, PC, ABS/PC, PP, PE, EPDM, polyacrylic ester, polymeric amide, POM or tetrafluoroethylene.If need undercoat to be applied to these plastic components, then wet-coating methods is preferably used to apply these base coating material.For the plastics of highly heat-resistant, powder coating method is also suitable.

According to other optional embodiments of the present invention, provide in step c) before at least one tackiness agent is applied to substrate surface, the first undercoat and/or second undercoat of coat of metal or metal level produce on said surface.Such as at least one plasma body pre-treatment can be used, preferably by particularly comprising at least one oxygen plasma and/or at least one polymkeric substance plasma generation of hexamethyldisiloxane or applying suitable tackiness agent.In addition, the inorganic or metal organic binder bond of at least one can be applied as tackiness agent.Herein, be preferably used in tin (II) salt in acidic solution or at least one in basic solution containing amine silane.

According to step c) applied metal protective layer or composite bed, or according to step c) i) before applied metal layer, preferably by dry for substrate surface to make not having water surplus.

Advantageously, use water rinse at method steps c) or method steps c) i) after acquisition surface.Preferably, at least when rinse step closes to an end, and preferably in rinse step process, use deionized water.

Method of the present invention can be included in step c) or c) ii) after at least one heat treatment step.

Preferably, according to step c) i) use the first water-based system process metal level before, use water, preferably DI water-wet or rinse metal level.Preferably, the glassware for drinking water used for this object has and is less than 100 μ S/cm, is preferably less than 50 μ S/cm, and is particularly preferably less than the specific conductivity of 35 μ S/cm.

First water-based system such as can take the form of solution, suspension or emulsion.Preferably, use the first water-based system in the form of a solution, i.e. the compound of above-mentioned name, salt and/or acid, with dissolved state substantially, are present among it at least before application.

Naturally, also may add other compositions to the first water-based system, deposit with above-claimed cpd or their mixture.In order to this object, the salt of nitric acid, fluoric acid, phosphoric acid, specified acid, ammonium acid fluoride and ammonium sulfate are possible.Such as, Neutral ammonium fluoride titanium forms suitable titanium salt.

Preferably, the first water-based system comprises fluoride ion that is free and/or complex form.Fluoroborate and acid are suitable complex fluoride ions, and same is basic metal and ammonium acid fluoride.In very general term, the complex fluoride of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon and/or boron is particularly preferred.The complex fluoride of preferred use zirconium.

The first suitable water-based system also can comprise in addition can solubilized form, be present at least one polymer compound in waterborne compositions in the form of an emulsion or not dissolve discrete particles form.

Among polymer compound, especially, polyacrylic acid and their salt and ester should be mentioned.These acid, ester and salt can solubilized form or discrete form be present in aqueous solution.The amount of polymeric constituent can change in wider degree, and is preferably 0.1-0.5g and often rises.

Poly-methyl ethylene toxilic acid and poly-methyl ethylene maleic anhydride are also potential polymer materialss.Suitable polyacrylic acid has the molecular weight of nearly 500,000 ideally.Preferably, frequent use is also made up of the mixture of possible polymer compound.Such as, the mixture comprising polyacrylic acid, their salt or the ester with polyvinyl alcohol should be mentioned especially.In addition, suitable polymkeric substance also comprises cellulosic hydroxyethyl ether, EMA acid anhydride, Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl methyl ether.

According to ultimate principle of the present invention, particularly preferred polymeric constituent comprises the cross-linked polyester containing a large amount of carbonate functional that can react each other partially or completely and great amount of hydroxy group.These cross-linked polyester polymkeric substance can be such as the first polymkeric substance of comprising carbonate functional and the reaction product of the second polymkeric substance comprising hydroxyl.Such as, polyacrylic acid and poly-methyl ethylene maleic anhydride can be used as first polymkeric substance of the type, and polyvinyl alcohol is the second suitable polymkeric substance simultaneously.Enjoyably, the reaction product of above-mentioned first and second polymkeric substance and their both mixtures are the suitable ingredients of the first water-based system for method process according to the present invention.In addition, the aqueous solution of the type preferably also can comprise fluoric acid.Such as, ammonium salt is above-mentioned polyacrylic potential suitable salt.

In addition, as suitable polymkeric substance, 3-(N-C ₁₄-alkyl-N-2-hydroxyethylamino methyl)-4-Vinyl phenol is also suitable polymkeric substance, particularly when using it together with hexafluoro zirconate.In addition, also optionally there is the homopolymer with the 4-Vinyl phenol of the molecular-weight average of 3000 to 6000.Correlative detail at US 5,089, provide in 064.

First water-based system also can comprise lipid acid, fatty alcohol and/or aliphatic amide or its any mixture especially.Aliphatic amide can also they ammonium salts exist.According to ultimate principle of the present invention, aliphatic amide also comprises its corresponding ammonium salt thus.Herein, the compound with saturated fatty alkyl chain is preferred.The length of linear aliphatic alkyl chain is preferably C ₈to C ₂₄.Preferred aliphatic amide or its corresponding ammonium compound are based on C ₁₂, C ₁₄, C ₁₆or C ₁₈alkyl residue.Suitable lipid acid comprises such as capric acid.

In addition, can by polyoxyalkylene glycol ether, polyoxyethylene glycol ether, glycol polypropylene ether and composition thereof are added into suitable water-based system especially.All standard available commercial glycol ethers can be used for this object.

The suitable ph of the first water-based system is or preferably remains on 1.5 to 6.5, is preferably 1.5 to 5.0, and is 2.0 to 4.5 especially.If the pH of water-based system is increased, then interpolation ammoniacal liquor or ammonium hydroxide are particularly useful for this object, such as, with 3% ammonia soln form.In addition, conventional alkali well known by persons skilled in the art can be used.

The suitable conductivity of the first water-based system is preferably 100 to 2000, is preferably 150 to 1500, and is 200 to 1000 μ S/cm especially.

In one embodiment, the optional components of above-mentioned first water-based system also can be present in metal level, or individually or with any combination, is then also a part for metal composite protective layer.

The embodiment favourable according to the present invention, provide according to step c) i) after applied metal layer, at treatment step c) ii) before and/or in step c) after, the substrate applied thus is made directly to carry out use water especially, especially the rinse step of complete de-salted water.After the procedure the procedure, at least one drying step is preferably carried out with each surface dry.Such as at the temperature of 120 DEG C to 180 DEG C, such as, can carry out drying step at about 140 DEG C.Preferably, glassware for drinking water for rinsing has and is less than 60 μ S/cm, is preferably less than 50 μ S/cm, and is particularly preferably less than the specific conductivity of 35 μ S/cm, especially, last flush cycle before next process steps or before the drying process has above-mentioned conductivity value.

PH value and/or the specific conductivity of the first water-based system preferably keep substantially constant, especially in above-mentioned scope, when processing metal level.

Metal level coated substrate is used such as to flood by above-mentioned the first water-based system comprising the compound that bimetallic at least one is specified of use, to rinse or spray treatment.Preferably use this first water-based system process metal level under an increased pressure, such as, with high-pressure water jet form.Verified is favourable at the substrate place multiple tiny independent jet of water of manipulation.Therefore, confirm that the version of the spraying of use first water-based system is particularly useful.Using the suitable pressure of the first water-based system process to be such as higher than 0.2 bar, be preferably 0.5 to 50 bar, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 15 cling to, is 0.9 to 1.5 bar especially.The surface of metal level is detected these pressure.About above-mentioned version, can by least one acid, oxide compound, double oxide, oxide hydrate, halogenide, oxyhalogenide and/or bimetallic salt, preferably zirconium or titanium combine in the metal layer.

Suitably, in the treating processes of substrate, the temperature of the first water-based system is in 15 DEG C to 50 DEG C, is preferably 20 DEG C to 40 DEG C.Usually, the treatment time of 20 seconds to 120 seconds is enough to obtain substrate of the present invention.

Preferably, using the first water-based system of foregoing description, apply described layer after substrate surface, directly process is according to stage c) i) equip metal level, equip the substrate of aluminium lamination especially.Such as, in production chain, carry out this step, wherein substrate carries out all production stages continuously.

In preferred embodiments, the iron ion shared in the first water-based system is no more than 10ppm.

For the silanization of composite protection layer; steps d) can comprise using and comprise at least one silane compound that can carry out polycondensation and/or polyaddition reaction, the second water-based system process of the silane of hydrolyzable and/or at least partly hydrolysis is especially from step c) composite protection layer or from step c ') metal level.

In suitable embodiment, the second water-based system is alkalescence, and preferably has 8 to 12, the preferably pH of 9 to 11.

In useful especially embodiment, to make to obtain 5nm to 2 μm, the mode of the average layer thickness of especially to 1 μm, carries out steps d) or d ') in silanization.Certainly, such as 30 μm and larger average layer thickness are possible.The average layer thickness of usual selection is 0.1 μm to 2 μm, or 0.2 μm to 0.8 μm.

Usually, silylation step can be divided into, wherein use the applying step of the second water-based system process composite protection layer, and wherein remove the drying step of water or solvent, and curing schedule.In one embodiment, dry and curing schedule can be merged into a step.Curing schedule comprises conventional addition polymerization or condensation reaction.The temperature of 120 DEG C to 350 DEG C can be used for curing schedule, and the such as time is 15 to 60 minutes.

In addition, steps d) or d ') silanization can comprise connect silane compound in the metallic surface that deposits or sputter, the silane compound be connected each other with polycondensation and the silane compound optionally connected and be not connected to the silane compound of metallic surface.

Suitable silane compound for silanization comprises the organoalkoxysilane of functionalized hydrolyzable and/or part and/or complete hydrolysis; preferably comprise amino, acryl, vinyl and/or epoxy group(ing); particularly preferably aminoalkyl group trialkoxy silane, such as aminoalkyl group triethoxyl silane or APTES.

Other examples of suitable silane compound comprise: 3-glycydoxy three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3, 4-epoxy group(ing) butyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 2-(3, 4-expoxycyclohexyl) ethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-(methyl) acryl oxygen base propyl group three (first) Ethoxysilane, 2-(methyl) acryl oxygen base ethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-glycydoxy dimethyl (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-glycydoxy methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-(methyl) acryl oxygen base hydroxypropyl methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, any mixture of 2-(methyl) acryl oxygen base ethyl-methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane and these compounds.

Suitable polysiloxane also can comprise partially fluorinated or fluoridized siloxanes.

Except the silane compound of these equipment functional groups, it can be connected with the surface of composite protection layer, the silane compound of this sense connector element is not had to can be used for silanization, such as hexadecyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, cyclohexyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, cyclopentyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, ethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, phenylethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, phenyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, n-propyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, cyclohexyl (first) ethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, di-isopropyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, phenyl methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane or its any mixture.

In particularly preferably embodiment, steps d) or d ') silanization not to carry out without flushing process form.This means steps d) or d ') silanization preferably use water, preferably de-salted water, the flushing of such as DI water is interrupted.Step of dripping can be inserted before rinse step.

Further confirmation in embodiments of the present invention, to be reacted having with top coat or enamelled coating in described coating production process and the silane compound entering the functional group of at least one covalent linkage of top coat or enamelled coating is used for silanization is useful by halves.Therefore, confirm in one embodiment, being used for comprising at least one silane compound by this material, preferably can carrying out top coat or the enamelled coating of at least one silane compound of polycondensation and/or polyaddition reaction, is useful by the silane of hydrolyzable and/or at least partly hydrolysis especially.In one embodiment, the above-mentioned silane compound of specifying for the second water-based system can be used individually or with any form of mixtures.

In an embodiment of the inventive method also advantageously, applying at least before layer of metal layer or the first and/or second undercoat, what make substrate can carry out at least one defatting step by coated surface, comprise especially and use acid and/or alkaline defatting agent process, or use anode degreasing bath process, optionally use water subsequently, the rinse step of de-salted water especially, and/or at least one acid pickling step, optionally use water subsequently, especially the rinse step of de-salted water.

Rinse by using water and interrupt silylation step, usually improve the adhesion of following top coat or protective paint layer.In addition, this still reliably and repeatedly can apply the better method geometrically having challenge component, and obtains better method that is highly corrosion-resistant and/or glossy coating component.

In the preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the first water-based system is used to be coated with the preferred degreasing substrate of the metal level preferably depositing or sputter on first and the second optional undercoat, spray the time of preferably 3 to 120 seconds, the time of particularly preferably 10 to 60 seconds.After the process of use first water-based system, use water, especially de-salted water, such as DI water, especially by spraying the substrate rinsed in this preferred embodiment.Preferably after permission wash-down water drips off, use the second water-based system, preferably also by the later step in this embodiment of inject process.The treatment time of the second water-based system is used preferably to be arranged on the time of 5 to 180 seconds, the time of particularly preferably 25 to 120 seconds, and even more preferably time of 40 to 90 seconds.Usually the treatment time of the second water-based system is set using with the functional form of the siloxane layer thickness of expection.Optional after step is dripped in insertion, use the second water-based system process to be use water, preferably de-salted water, the such as rinse step of DI water subsequently.If carried out according to above-mentioned preferred embodiment of specifying especially, method of the present invention produces very high processing accuracy and produces very uniform siloxane layer thickness.In addition, the adhesion good especially of following top coat or protective paint layer is obtained.This is also applicable to geometrically there is challenge component.

Use the present invention, also advise in step c) or c) ii) after, applying at least one deck protective paint layer or top coat, is transparent especially.This can be such as supercoat or Clear coating or transparent powder, and it preferably uses wet coating to cover or powder coating method application.In addition, the invention provides the protective paint that can comprise at least one dyestuff or a kind of pigment or top coat.

Glaze well known by persons skilled in the art also can be used as lacquering or top coat.These can be used for setting up in a simple manner decoupled such as bronze, titanium and gold tone, and such as red, blue, yellow, green etc. independent tone and all Eloxy colors.

Object of the present invention is by washing substrate, and the substrate of protection against corrosion and/or glossiness washing especially completes, and the substrate of described washing in this order, comprises substrate;

At least one deck metal composite protective layer, it comprises and is selected from aluminium as main ingredient, manganese, magnesium, at least one first metal of chromium and zinc or be selected from steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, at least one first metal alloy of Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy, with the selected among zirconium be distributed in as accessory constituent in described main ingredient, at least one second metal of titanium and hafnium and/or the second metal of at least one oxidation bonding, or be made up of accessory constituent described in main ingredient described at least one and at least one, wherein pass through the first metal or the first metal alloy described in vapour deposition or sputter applications as metal level,

Directly be present on composite protection layer especially or covalently bound at least one strata siloxane layer at least part of with composite protection layer;

Directly to be present in especially in silicone layer or with silicone layer covalently bound at least one deck enamelled coating at least partly;

Or

Substrate;

At least one deck metal level, it comprises at least one first metal being selected from aluminium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and zinc, or be selected from least one first metal alloy of steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy, wherein pass through the first metal or the first metal alloy described in vapour deposition and/or sputter applications as metal level;

Directly be present on metal level especially or covalently bound at least one strata siloxane layer at least part of with described metal level; Directly be present at least one deck enamelled coating in silicone layer or covalently bound at least partly with described silicone layer especially.

Coated substrate of the present invention, i.e. the substrate of washing, is preferably the substrate that method according to the present invention obtains.

Substrate of the present invention such as can be used as the annex of mirror, mirror image material or automobile construction part.They also can be used as light metal wheel rim or the light metal wheel of automobile construction part.Naturally, by car body component, no matter whether they are made up of plastics or metal, coat of metal of the present invention or composite protection layer can be equipped.Substrate of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned purposes pointed out naturally.

Therefore, the present invention includes metal and the non-metal base plate of washing, comprise in this order, a substrate, such as, by plastics, aluminum or aluminum alloy, and above-mentioned coat of metal or composite protection layer are made, especially based on aluminium.In this embodiment, wait that the substrate surface equipping coat of metal or composite protection layer can optionally exist with grinding and/or polishing form.In another preferred embodiment, coated structure of the present invention comprises in this order and preferably has grinding and/or the substrate on polishing substrate surface, optionally the conversion layer of a Chrome-free and above-mentioned metal protection or composite protection layer.According to embodiment favourable further, coated substrate of the present invention comprises a substrate, the first and optionally second undercoat and the above-mentioned coat of metal or composite protection layer optionally with polishing and/or lapped face in this order.In addition, alternative coated substrate of the present invention comprises a substrate optionally with polishing and/or grinding base plate surface in this order, optionally the conversion layer of a Chrome-free, the first and optionally second undercoat and above-mentioned coat of metal or composite protection layer.

Method of the present invention and substrate of the present invention are Chrome-free in one embodiment, that is, composite protection layer or metal level be not containing chromium, neither metallic forms neither chromium cpd form, and such as oxide compound or salt.In addition, in a version, substrate also can not have chromium or chromium cpd.

The element of composite protection layer, as the sxemiquantitative representation of the lateral distribution of Zr, Al and O, obtains by analyzing EDX elemental map (trace analysis of EDX=energy dispersive x-ray).This result based on ESEM technology (environmental scanning electron microscope; Grid electron microscope) (such as having the exciting voltage of 10keV) the energy dispersive x-ray trace analysis of combining obtains.Described image uses secondary electron (SE pattern contrast) or uses the electronics (BSE material contrast) of reverse jetting to obtain.For EDX image and for detection method described below, be recommended in the ultramicrotome crosscut that sample is prepared at wide-angle place (such as the correction factor of about 400).In order to have spendable enough surveyed areas or length, required diagonal angle cutting analyzing samples.This makes on the metal composite protective layer 11 with only about 100nm thickness, extend detection length becomes possibility to about 400 μm.Use this cutting method, this can not have anyly regularly avoids the material from other layers to be combined in adjacent layers or fuzzy completely.

The result that EDX detects is confirmed by the line scanning on ultramicrotome main part surface, and it also can be used as substituting.TOF-SIMS detection is carried out at discrete continuous detecting point.Based on the summation of intensity of the hydrocarbon signal selected by image standardization.Such as, along the line sweep length of about 600 μm at 20 check points, use the intensity of spectrometer analysis characteristic signal.Line sweep can extend on the whole width of metal composite protective layer, and covers the top coat and undercoat part that are connected with protective layer.TOF-SIMS is element on extremely sensitive instruction material surface and inorganic and time of flight secondary ion massspectrometry analytical procedure that is organic compound.The method allow irrelevant position in μm and the analysis of nm scope.

XPS spectrum can be used for the bonding state determining complex protection layer component.The photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of x-ray excited can realize determining with the quantitative judge of the element be present in the direct surface of contiguous solid and the bonding state deposited.The XPS ANALYSIS ON DEPTH PROFILES of composite protection layer provides about the information by the second Metal Distribution in the first metal metal level.

The present invention is based on the surprising discovery due to method of the present invention, provide and comprise excellent erosion resistance and the substrate with coat of metal of highly attractive chromium outward appearance.Chromium outward appearance is the one usually only using the plating chromium plating of substrate to obtain.The visual appearance of this character uses the known method of prior art to obtain.Use method of the present invention, corrosion-resistant, the very glossiness substrate with strong adherent coating can be obtained, even if having complex geometry, identical with electrodeposited chromium substrate on its visual appearance, also meet all testing standards of automotive industry regulation simultaneously.Especially, the excellent adhesion of supercoat or top coat is obtained.

Substrate of the present invention shows beat all erosion resistance level, even if when making surface suffer the physical damage of such as stone impact or indentation.Especially, do not expect, the metal substrate with the glossiness only observed in high-quality especially chromium component in addition can be obtained, aluminium base especially.When not having undercoat to be applied to substrate, the Beneficial Effect in erosion resistance and glossiness also occurs naturally.

Compared with standard method, method of the present invention is given prominence to due to the compatible matrix material element of environment for use.Method of the present invention can be used for preparation glossy parts widely.Wheel rim is an example, as automobile, motorcycle and bicycle flange, and all types of decorative object, such as ornamental strip, body exterior and intraware are as rear vision mirror coverture, front cover plate, engine shield and supervisory control desk, and sanitary facility object is as the mirror surface of tap and mirror surface such as head lamp headlight especially.In addition, all types of handle is as door handle, and all types of framework is as window frame and package object and box, as the such as lipstick case for cosmetic industry, method of the present invention can be used to produce.In addition, such as, many engines and bicycle assembly, or for other conveyers of furniture industry and making-up unit, and pipe, towel rack, scatterer, elevator assemblies, inside and outside assembly for aircraft, all types of speculum, jewelry, mobile telephone box or the assembly for building construction can use method of the present invention to apply.Coated substrate according to the present invention is also specially adapted to shipbuilding, and can be used for inside and especially, both external modules.Reflect the fact of long-term erosion resistance according to the quality product of the present invention's coating, even if therefore high quality chromium sample gloss is by seawater, such as seawater sprays and does not also weaken.

In addition, particularly advantageously, those problems caused by the different coefficient of expansion such as usually using electrodeposited chromium substrate to observe no longer occur.Use method coated substrate of the present invention no longer to tend to form crackle, also do not peel off.Such as, in like fashion, very glossiness plastic base becomes possibility, and it can be used for applying widely, such as, for automobile construction or household electrical appliance.

The substrate using method of the present invention to apply as one man meets the prescribed value of the chemical resistance test request according to VDA (German automobiles TIA) test chart 621412 (test A).In addition, substrate of the present invention shows usually, though according in the salt ejection test of DIN 50021-CASS (cupric chloride/acetic acid) after 240 hours, surface does not also change.By contrast, use multilayer system disclosed in US 6,896,970B2, wherein on Rotating fields be made up of polymer layer and metal level, provide conversion layer, use CASS to test, only determining the change in surface after 168 hours.About substrate of the present invention, both do not form bubble and do not observed underlying metal corrosion yet.In addition, according to coated substrate according to the present invention obtain according in the stone shock test of PV 1,213 0 to 0.5 general characteristics value.In addition, the rear surface being presented at 240 hours according to the water of condensation water constants climatic test of DIN 50017 does not change.Finally, these coated substrates are also presented at the long-time outdoor exposure of experience periods of months in outdoor exposure test (Florida test) and do not change.Retaining according to the glossiness of DIN 67530 is as one man almost 100%.Be as one man GT 0 according to the crosscut feature measured in the cross-cut test of DIN EN ISO 2409.

The coated substrate using method of the present invention to obtain meets by automotive industry for coatings withstood power specified standards with about both the legal standards allowing to use coating system process automobile wheel rim.In addition, method of the present invention, in the mode using the effort of low relative levels to obtain chromium outward appearance and very high tolerance surface, provides the coating of high-quality visual outward appearance.

Especially, method of the present invention has the advantage not needing high glossiness polishing substrate to be coated, such as light metal wheel rim, and it has complicated geometry, if possible words, uses very high-caliber effort to be also only possible.Therefore, the preparation of described substrate is not too complicated significantly.In addition, should emphasize, method of the present invention is environmentally compatible, because substantially avoid solvent discharge completely.The inventive process provides the coated substrate with constant non-corrosibility, even if when coating systems is damaged or damages directly by during to substrate.This significantly increases the working life according to coated substrate of the present invention.Especially when substrate of the present invention is used for automotive industry, such as, for light metal wheel rim or head lamp speculum, this tolerance has active effect.In addition, the substrate of the type has excellent visual appearance, therefore also can be used for product design, such as, when using substrate as wheel or wheel rim.Generally speaking, the overall eye impressions of automobile are improved, and use its visual attraction to be above standard design.

With reference to schematic figures, other features and advantages of the present invention are included in following detailed description, and are included in exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Wherein:

Before Fig. 1 a is presented at and carries out method of the present invention, the schematic partial cross section view of metal substrate;

Fig. 1 b is presented at the substrate of Fig. 1 a after application undercoat;

Fig. 1 c is presented at the substrate of Fig. 1 b after applied metal layer;

Fig. 1 d display comprises the substrate of Fig. 1 c of metal level or composite protection layer;

Fig. 1 e display comprises the substrate of Fig. 1 d of silicone layer; And

Fig. 1 f display has the substrate of Fig. 1 e of clear top coat layer.

With reference now to light metal assembly, coating explains the order of the embodiment of the inventive method.Fig. 1 a shows with the metal substrate 1 schematic partial cross section view of the cross-sectional form of aluminium light metal assembly 2.The ununiformity 3 of metallic surface is exaggerated, and schematically shows to illustrate better.First, can by the surperficial degreasing of substrate 1 in two etching steps.This plays the object removing the separating agent residue that may be present on substrate 1 surface from substrate production process.Especially, these two defatting steps carry out in the mode making first to be immersed by light metal assembly 2 in preferably alkali etching bath.In the second etching step, at 60 DEG C, preferably in alkali etching bath, embathe light metal assembly 2.Then, etch residues is removed by rinsing from light metal assembly 2 removing.Then, the surface of light metal assembly 2 or substrate 1 can be made to experience the acid pickling step using such as acid reagent, to remove the zone of oxidation of existence.At use water, after then preferably using the flushing of full de-salted water, the first undercoat 5 can be applied to substrate 1 (also see Fig. 1 b).Preferably, wet-coating methods is used to carry out the application of undercoat.After application undercoat, thermal treatment or preferably then tempering stage, to realize solidification or the burning wherein of undercoat 5.Especially, as found out in Figure 1b, to be obtained compared with the surface 3 of substrate significantly by undercoat 5 evenly surface 7.

As selection, in order to the object making surface smooth further, the second undercoat in addition unshowned in this exemplary embodiment can be applied to undercoat 5.Especially, this is for generation of best smooth surface, best surface hardness, and again obtains best surface tension.The light metal assembly 2 prepared in like fashion can be made to experience the step of the inventive method.Naturally, each unpretreated metal substrate also can be made to experience method of the present invention, especially with polishing and/or grinding state.

In order to this object, as found out in figure 1 c, the metal level 9 be made up of such as aluminium is applied to substrate 1 or undercoat 5, preferably in cathode sputtering method.The mean thickness of metal level can be about 50nm to 120nm.

In a subsequent step, optionally carry out thermal treatment or the tempering of aluminium lamination 9, it preferably carries out at the temperature of about 140 DEG C.

As selection, tackiness agent can be set up between undercoat 5 and aluminium lamination 9, the fact especially owing to occurring in a vacuum chamber for the plasma body pre-treatment of cathode sputtering.Due to this plasma body pre-treatment (glowing) in inert gas environment (preferably including argon gas), can apply " undercoat ".This tackiness agent (not shown) setting up the type on the surface of the first undercoat 5 also provides economic advantages, because in cathode sputtering process subsequently, pressure in vacuum chamber does not need to keep low usually, the pumpdown time of vacuum chamber can be reduced about 75% thus, and it increases flow velocity conversely.In order to this object, while preferably the polymkeric substance of such as hexamethyldisiloxane being added into plasma chamber, produce plasma body.

In the present embodiment, the application of aluminium lamination 9 follows closely, especially, uses and comprises zirconic acid (H ₂zrF ₆) and/or the zirconates of such as zirconium carbonate, such as, after the first water-based system process of zirconium carbonate ammonium and/or Zircosol ZN and optionally zirconium dioxide and/or fluoric acid.Herein, the first water-based system has the pH of about 2.5 and is less than the specific conductivity of 100 μ S/cm.Can use the ammonia solution of dilution that pH is set.

In order to prepare water-based system, preferably use complete de-salted water.Advantageously, the described water-based system process aluminium lamination coated substrate with the suitable nozzle of multiple high pressure spout is used, preferably under the pressure being greater than 0.5 bar.Due to or during this treating processes, the compound of above-mentioned zirconium is combined in aluminium lamination, essentially through its whole thickness.This layer comprises the zirconium of zirconium or oxidation bonding.Preferably, then, complete de-salted water is used to rinse surface.Then, preferably, the substrate of acquisition is made to carry out drying step.As inferred from Fig. 1 d, apply method of the present invention and form metal level or composite protection layer 11 from the first metal on substrate 1, deposit the second metal of the second metal or oxidation bonding wherein, preferably titanium or zirconium.This deposition not only close to the surface in method of the present invention, and extends in the volume of protective layer 11.

Then, such as, by using alkaline second water-based system such as to make composite protection layer 11 experience silylation step in pH 10 times process, described second water-based system comprise such as by weight about 10% the APTES of amount.To process without flushing process form.After the process of use second water-based system, use water, preferably de-salted water, such as DI water rinses the substrate obtained in like fashion.Curing schedule that is dry and wherein formation silicone layer 13 is used to carry out silanization.

In order to prevent the damage of the coat of metal 11 due to mechanical influence generation, preferably subsequently clear top coat layer 15 is applied to this silicone layer 13.Especially, it can be the powder clear coat comprising vinylformic acid, polyester or mixed powder, maybe can apply wet paint (also see Fig. 1 e).

In the foregoing description, in accompanying drawing and feature of the present invention disclosed in claim individually and to need form all to can be with arbitrary combination complete, to realize the present invention in its different embodiments.

the list of identifier

1 substrate

2 light metal wheel rims

3 surfaces are uneven

5 undercoats

7 surfaces

9 aluminium laminations

11 metal levels or composite protection layer

13 silicone layer

15 top coats

Claims

1. prepare the substrate of metal or nonmetallic washing, the method for the substrate of particularly etch-proof and/or glossiness metal or nonmetallic washing, described method comprises the following steps:

D) by using at least one second water-based system, particularly the second water-based system of alkalescence, process described composite protection layer, silanization is from step c) ii) described composite protection layer to form at least one deck silicone layer, particularly direct on described composite protection layer; With

Or described method comprises the following steps:

C ') by vapour deposition and/or sputtering at least layer of metal layer is applied to described substrate can coated surface, be selected from described in described metal level comprises aluminium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and zinc at least one first metal or consisting of or be selected from described in comprising steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy at least one first metal alloy or consisting of;

D ') by using at least one second water-based system, particularly the second water-based system of alkalescence, process described metal level, silanization is from step c ') described metal level to form at least one deck silicone layer, particularly direct on described metal level; With

2. the method for claim 1, be characterised in that described metal substrate comprises iron, magnesium, titanium or aluminium, or metal alloy, particularly steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy or aluminium alloy, or be characterised in that described non-metal base plate comprises glass, pottery, carbon material or plastics, and/or be characterised in that described first metal is selected from aluminium, magnesium and chromium, or be characterised in that described first metal alloy is selected from steel, stainless steel, at least one magnesium alloy, at least one Chrome metal powder and at least one aluminium alloy and/or is characterised in that described second metal selected among zirconium and titanium.

3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterised in that described metal composite protective layer or described metal level have 5nm to 500nm, preferred 10nm to 300nm, further preferred 20nm to 200nm, and the mean thickness of particularly preferably 50 to 150nm.

4. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that described bimetallic first compound comprises at least one oxide compound, double oxide, oxide hydrate, oxyhalogenide, halogenide, salt and/or acid, particularly acid.

5. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that and use described first water-based system spray described metal level or process under stress in addition, and/or be characterised in that according to step c) i) apply described metal level after and at described treatment step c) ii) before, make described substrate experience water, the particularly step of de-salted water flushing, particularly by spraying.

6. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that step c) or c ') in described vapour deposition or sputtering technology comprises physical vapor deposition (PVD), uses the vapour deposition of electron beam vaporization device, uses the vapour deposition of resistance vaporizer, induction vaporization, ARC vaporization and/or cathode sputtering (sputtering coating), at each occurrence, especially, in high vacuum.

7., as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that described second water-based system comprises the silane of at least one silane compound, particularly hydrolyzable and/or the hydrolysis at least partly can carrying out polycondensation and/or polyaddition reaction.

8. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that described silane compound comprises the organoalkoxysilane of functionalized hydrolyzable and/or part and/or complete hydrolysis, described organoalkoxysilane comprises, particularly, amino, acryl, vinyl and/or epoxy group(ing), and/or be particularly selected from: 3-glycydoxy three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3, 4-epoxy group(ing) butyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 2-(3, 4-expoxycyclohexyl) ethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-(methyl) acryl oxygen base propyl group three (first) Ethoxysilane, 2-(methyl) acryl oxygen base ethyl three (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-glycydoxy dimethyl (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-glycydoxy methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, 3-(methyl) acryl oxygen base hydroxypropyl methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane, 2-(methyl) acryl oxygen base ethyl-methyl two (first) Ethoxysilane and any mixture thereof.

9., as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that steps d) or d ') silanization not to carry out without flushing process form, stop preferably by using water, particularly Demineralized Water Production.

10. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, be characterised in that and silane compound is used for silanization, described silane compound has the material forming described enamelled coating in described silylation step and in the production process of described enamelled coating and does not react or incomplete reaction and enter the functional group of at least one covalent linkage of the material forming described enamelled coating.

11. as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and it also comprises

Step a) and c) or a ') and c ') between step:

B) or b ') the first undercoat and the second optional undercoat are applied to described substrate, particularly metal substrate, and/or grinding and/or polishing described in metallic substrate surfaces.

The substrate of the substrate of 12. washings, particularly protection against corrosion and/or glossiness washing, it comprises in this order,

Substrate;

At least one deck metal composite protective layer, it comprises and is selected from aluminium as main ingredient, manganese, magnesium, at least one first metal of chromium and zinc or be selected from steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, at least one first metal alloy of Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy, with the selected among zirconium be distributed in as accessory constituent in described main ingredient, at least one second metal of titanium and hafnium and/or the second metal of at least one oxidation bonding, or be made up of described at least one main ingredient and described at least one accessory constituent, the first metal or described first metal alloy described in vapour deposition or sputter applications are wherein passed through as metal level,

At least one strata siloxane layer, is particularly directly present on described composite protection layer, or covalent attachment at least part of with described composite protection layer;

At least one deck enamelled coating, is particularly directly present in described silicone layer, or covalent attachment at least part of with described silicone layer; Or

Substrate;

At least one deck metal level, it comprises at least one first metal being selected from aluminium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and zinc or at least one first metal alloy being selected from steel, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, Chrome metal powder and aluminium alloy, has wherein passed through the first metal or described first metal alloy described in vapour deposition and/or sputter applications as metal level;

At least one strata siloxane layer, is particularly directly present on described metal level, or covalent attachment at least part of with described metal level; With

At least one deck enamelled coating, is particularly directly present in described silicone layer, or covalent attachment at least part of with described silicone layer.

The substrate of the substrate of 13. washings, particularly protection against corrosion and/or glossiness washing, preferably as claimed in claim 12, the substrate of the washing that the method according to any one of claim 1 to 11 obtains.

The substrate of 14. coatings as described in claim 12 or 13, be characterised in that described metal substrate comprises steel, stainless steel, iron, magnesium, titanium or aluminium or magnesium alloy, titanium alloy or aluminium alloy, or be characterised in that described non-metal base plate comprises glass, pottery, carbon material or plastics, and/or be characterised in that described first metal is selected from aluminium, magnesium and chromium, or be characterised in that described first metal alloy is selected from steel, stainless steel, at least one magnesium alloy, at least one Chrome metal powder and at least one aluminium alloy.

The substrate of 15. coatings according to any one of claim 12 to 14; be characterised in that described metal composite protective layer or described metal level have 5nm to 500nm; preferred 10nm to 300nm, further preferably 20nm to 200nm, and the mean thickness of particularly preferably 50nm to 150nm.

The substrate of 16. coatings according to any one of claim 12 to 15, is characterised in that the second Metal Distribution of described second metal and/or described oxidation bonding is in described composite protection layer.

The substrate of 17. coatings according to any one of claim 12 to 16, it is also included in the first undercoat between described substrate and described metal level or described composite protection layer and the second optional undercoat.

The substrate of 18. coatings according to any one of claim 12 to 17; be characterised in that described metal substrate comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy or is made up of aluminum or aluminum alloy; and be characterised in that described metal composite protective layer comprises aluminium lamination as main ingredient or layers of chrome; titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium in described main ingredient; particularly zirconium; and/or the zirconium of the titanium of oxidation bonding, zirconium and/or hafnium, particularly oxidation bonding, distribute as accessory constituent.

The substrate of the coating according to any one of 19. claims 12 to 18 as the purposes of mirror, mirror image material or speculum, especially for head lamp or lamp or luminaire, or as its assembly; As the annex of automobile construction, motorcycle structure or bicycle structure part or as its assembly; As the wheel rim of automobile construction part or motorcycle or bicycle structure part, particularly light metal wheel rim, or wheel, particularly light metal wheel, or as its assembly; As sanitary facility object, particularly as water tap or its assembly; As inner or outside body portion or as its assembly; As handle or handle assembly, particularly door handle, or as its assembly; As profile or framework, particularly window frame, or as its assembly; As chest or packaging or as its assembly; As the inside of ship or external structure element or as its assembly; As jewelry object or as its assembly; As furniture parts or as its assembly; As the inside of aircraft or external structure element or as its assembly; As the inside of buildings or external structure element or as its assembly; As scatterer or pipeline or as its assembly; As the structure element in elevator or as its assembly; As the structure element in electronic package or equipment or as its assembly; Or as structure element, particularly mobile telephone in communication part or equipment, or as its assembly.