CN104990952B - Method and equipment for measuring equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of wall material - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of wall material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990952B CN104990952B CN201510381506.6A CN201510381506A CN104990952B CN 104990952 B CN104990952 B CN 104990952B CN 201510381506 A CN201510381506 A CN 201510381506A CN 104990952 B CN104990952 B CN 104990952B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring equivalent heat conductivity coefficient of a wall material, which is implemented according to the following steps: arranging the filling body in a sealing environment, wherein the sealing environment provides a hot environment for one side of the filling body, the other side of the filling body provides a cold environment, and after the temperature in the sealing environment reaches balance, measuring the heat flow Q passing through the filling bodyT(ii) a Embedding the to-be-tested sample in the filling body in a sealing manner, placing the filling body embedded with the test sample in the sealing environment in the step 1, and measuring the heat flow Q passing through the filling body embedded with the test sample after the temperature in the sealing environment is balancedS(ii) a According to heat flow QTAnd QSObtaining the heat flow Q of the heater; the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient lambda e is obtained by calculation according to the heat flow Q of the heater, and the problems that the conventional equivalent thermal conductivity measurement method has long detection period, is greatly influenced by human and environmental factors and cannot truly and effectively intuitively reflect the energy-saving effect of a sample are solvedAnd (5) problems are solved. The invention also discloses equipment for measuring the equivalent heat conductivity coefficient, which is simple in structure and convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials for wall technical field, it is related to materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method and its measure is set
It is standby.
Background technology
For many years, materials for wall product from single clay solid brick developed into porous brick, hollow brick, building-block,
Insulating brick, heat insulating hollow building block, composite insulating brick, composite thermal insulation hollow block, decorative brick, pavior brick and decorative tile etc..These
Its performance of the building wall material of different material is different also different according to production technology, and the thermal conductivity factor of material is used as measurement
One of product heat-insulating property important indicator, its influence to building energy conservation is very crucial.The test specimen of most of building elements
All be heterogeneous, the anisotropism of test specimen will influence the pattern of heat flow density, it neither it is one-dimensional, nor equal
's；The change of specimen thickness can also cause the great localized variation of test specimen heat flow density pattern, and these are to temperature and localized heat transfer
The influence of mode is also inconsistent, causes the determination for surface area mean temperature, metering area change influence property and survey
The error analysis of amount result seems extremely difficult and even may not.
In China's construction material thermal conductivity factor detection field, the measuring method of equivalent heat conductivity is mainly according to detected sample
The thermal resistance R value progress that product masonry panel is measured, which is calculated, obtains equivalent heat conductivity λ e values.This method needs to build into by laying bricks or stones in sample
Wall, the test that wall R values can be carried out when building wall Cement Mortar Used in Capital is good, sample moisture content reaches substantially constant (is supported
It is at least 28 days to protect standing time), while conversing sample equivalent heat conductivity.This assay method detection cycle is long, artificially
And such environmental effects are larger, it is impossible to the energy-saving effect of true, effective response sample directly perceived.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method and its sensing equipment, to solve
The measuring method detection cycle of existing materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity is long, and artificial and such environmental effects are larger, it is impossible to true,
The problem of energy-saving effect of effective response sample directly perceived.
The first technical scheme of the present invention is, materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method, according to following
Step is implemented：
Step 1, obturator is placed in a sealed environment, sealed environment provides thermal environment for the side of obturator, another
Side provides temperature in cold environment, environment to be sealed and reached after balance, the heat flow Q that measurement passes through obturatorT；
Step 2, test specimen closed set to be measured is placed in step 1 again in obturator, and by the obturator for being inlaid with test specimen
In middle sealed environment, temperature is reached after balance in environment to be sealed, and measuring must be by the heat flow of the obturator for being inlaid with test specimen
QS；
Step 3, the heat flow Q for obtaining measurementTAnd QSFollowing formula is substituted into, heater heat flow Q is obtained：
Q2=QT-QS(1),
Q=Q1+Q2(2),
In formula, Q2For the heat flow difference tested twice, Q1For with the heat produced by the obturator of the equal area of test specimen to be measured
Flow；
Step 4, by heater heat flow Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λ e：
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen, T2For thermal environment mean temperature, T1For cold environment mean temperature, k is for amendment
Number, is selected according to the size of test specimen to be measured.
Further, thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, and cold ambient temperature is -14 DEG C~-16 DEG C.
Further, temperature reaches that the determination methods of balance are in sealed environment, if by when measurement obtain cold environment and
Thermal environment average temperature of air change absolute value respectively be not more than 0.1K and 0.3K, and said temperature and the temperature difference change not
It is unidirectional change, then it represents that diabatic process has reached stabilization process.
Further, the material of obturator is styrofoam.
Further, sealed environment includes hollow batch meter, and the side of batch meter is provided with the opening portion as test zone,
The casing external seal of batch meter is covered with the protective hot box for providing thermal environment, and the opening portion side of batch meter is closely provided with use
In being provided with temperature control system in the ice chest for providing cold environment, batch meter, protective hot box and ice chest, temperature control system is equal
It is connected to control system.
Second of technical scheme of the present invention be, materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment, including hollow
Batch meter, the side of batch meter is provided with the opening portion as test zone, and the casing external seal of batch meter is covered with for providing heat
The protective hot box of environment, the opening portion side of batch meter is closely provided with the ice chest for providing cold environment, batch meter, protective hot
Temperature control system is provided with case and ice chest, temperature control system is connected to control system.
Further, opening side is provided with flow guiding screen in batch meter, ice chest is at batch meter opening side position
It is also equipped with flow guiding screen.
Further, temperature control system includes being located at correspondence box house in ice chest, batch meter and protective hot box
Air-conditioning, electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors, several temperature sensors are located at each of correspondence casing
On individual inwall, several temperature sensors are connected to computer by data acquisition instrument.
Further, voltage-stablizer and ammeter are provided with electric heater.
Further, the material of batch meter, protective hot box and ice chest is polyurethane foam color steel, its heat transfer resistance value
>3.5㎡K/W。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows, region both sides to be measured are respectively set to hot and cold environment, at steady state, point
Tabular obturator Ce Ding be installed and the heat flow being inlaid with the obturator both of these case of test specimen is installed, pass through hot-fluid twice
The difference of amount embodies the thermal property of test specimen, according to temperature and the situation of change of power, passes through test specimen area and both sides environment
Air Temperature Difference can converse equivalent heat conductivity value.The detection method of the equivalent heat conductivity is based on steady heat transfer principle, makes inspection
The survey cycle shortens, and reduces influence of the artificial and environmental factor to measurement result, the energy-conservation of authentic and valid response sample directly perceived
Effect, can extrapolate heterogeneous class materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity with precise and high efficiency.Meanwhile, the measure that the present invention is provided is set
Standby is simple in construction, easy to use.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment of the present invention.
In figure, 1. protective hot box, 2. temperature sensors, 3. test specimens, the ice chest of 4. obturator 4,5., 6. voltage-stablizers, 7. electric currents
Table, 8. flow guiding screens, 9. air-conditionings, 10. batch meters.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The invention provides a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method, implement according to following steps：
Step 1, the obturator 4 of known thermal conductivity factor is placed in sealed environment, sealed environment carries for the side of obturator 4
Heating environment, opposite side provides temperature in cold environment, environment to be sealed and reached after balance, the heat flow that measurement passes through obturator 4
QT；
Step 2, the closed set of test specimen 3 to be measured is placed in step again in obturator 4, and by the obturator 4 for being inlaid with test specimen 3
In rapid 1 in sealed environment, temperature is reached after balance in environment to be sealed, and measuring must be by the heat of the obturator 4 for being inlaid with test specimen 3
Flow QS；
Step 3, the heat flow Q for obtaining measurementTAnd QSFollowing formula is substituted into, heater heat flow Q is obtained：
Q2=QT-QS(1),
Q=Q1+Q2(2),
In formula, Q2For the heat flow difference tested twice, Q1For with test specimen 3 to be measured with produced by the obturator 4 of homalographic
Heat flow；
Step 4, by heater heat flow Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λe：
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen 3, T2For thermal environment mean temperature, T1For cold environment mean temperature, k is amendment
Coefficient, k=0.85~1.15 are selected according to the size of test specimen 3 to be measured.
Wherein, thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, and cold ambient temperature is -14 DEG C~-16 DEG C.
Temperature reaches that the determination methods of balance are in sealed environment, if by when measurement obtain cold environment and the sky of thermal environment
The absolute value of gas mean temperature change is not more than 0.1K and 0.3K respectively, and the change of said temperature and the temperature difference is not unidirectional becomes
Change, then it represents that diabatic process has reached stabilization process.
It should be noted that experimental rig should not be placed in the environment of air port and intense direct illumination in continuous mode,
Test ambient temperature change not should be greater than ± 2 DEG C, experimental enviroment relative humidity≤80%；Before experiment, obturator 4 to be measured and
24h all should be placed under experimental enviroment by being inlaid with the obturator 4 of test specimen 3.
Region both sides to be measured are respectively set to hot and cold environment by the present invention, under hot-cool environment stable state, are determined respectively
Tabular obturator 4 is installed and the heat flow under the both of these case of obturator 4 for inlaying test specimen 3 is installed, passes through heat flow twice
Difference embodies the thermal property of test specimen 3.According to temperature and the situation of change of power, pass through test specimen area and both sides surrounding air
The temperature difference can converse equivalent heat conductivity value.The detection method of the equivalent heat conductivity is based on steady heat transfer principle, makes detection week
Phase shortens, and reduces influence of the artificial and environmental factor to measurement result, the energy-saving effect of authentic and valid response sample directly perceived,
Heterogeneous class materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity can be extrapolated with precise and high efficiency.
Present invention also offers a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment, Fig. 1, including hollow batch meter are seen
10, the side of batch meter 10 is provided with the opening portion as test zone, and the casing external seal of batch meter 10 is covered with for providing heat
The protective hot box 1 of environment, the open side of batch meter 10 is closely provided with the ice chest 5 for providing cold environment, batch meter 10, protection
Temperature control system is provided with hot tank 1 and ice chest 5, temperature control system is connected to control system.Wherein, thermal environment temperature
Spend for 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, cold ambient temperature is -14 DEG C~-16 DEG C.
Integral device is made up of four parts, respectively at ice chest 5, protective hot box 1, batch meter 10, control and data acquisition
Reason system is constituted.Test specimen 3 to be measured is arranged at the opening of batch meter 10, and temperature sensor 2 is distributed in ice chest 5 and protective hot box 1
Monitoring experiment process.In terms of temperature control, heater and refrigeration unit are installed in ice chest 5, with analog constant cold house temperature
The experiment condition of effect, using temperature sensor 2 to carrying out data monitoring collection in each casing.Placed in the outside of batch meter 10
Protective hot box 1, wherein temperature regulating device is also equipped with, with up to the purpose for reducing 3 casees temperature losses of test specimen, typically by protective hot box 1
Temperature is set equal to the temperature value in batch meter 10, using controlling the temperature of protective hot box 1 to reduce laboratory ambient temperature
Temperature influence on batch meter 10.
Wherein, temperature sensor 2 uses T-shaped thermocouple, diameter 1mm, 0.5 grade of measurement accuracy, with aluminium-foil paper thermocouple
Measurement end is bonded on the inwall of each casing, forms good thermo-contact, and sensor distribution is placed on each cabinet wall face,
Ensure that at least one temperature sensor 2 is gathered on each internal face, placement location is the center in each face.
Ice chest 5 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, and structure does not produce cold bridge and with good sealing property, heat transfer heat
Resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W.Heating tube is placed in the inside and refrigeration machine carrys out equilibrium temperature control, with ice chest 5 come under simulating natural condition
Difference variation situation, ice chest 5 is furnished with heater and refrigeration unit, the temperature control of ice chest 5 imitated to reach by cold and hot regulation
Really.Temperature sensor 2 arranges at least 5 in ice chest 5, is individually placed to the inner surface of ice chest 5, and collection measures its mean temperature.
If in ice chest 5 temperature control system include be located at ice chest 5 inside air-conditioning 9, electric heater, temperature control instrument and
Dry temperature sensor 2, several temperature sensors 2 are located on each inwall of ice chest 5, and several temperature sensors 2 lead to
Cross data acquisition instrument and be connected to computer.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K.It is positioned at water conservancy diversion
Screen 8 and the temperature sensor 2 in the gap of test specimen 3, measurement point is no less than at 2 points, and should be arranged along horizontal direction.The temperature of ice chest 5
Setting range is spent between -20 DEG C to -10 DEG C.
Batch meter 10 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, it is desirable to which structure can not produce cold bridge and with good sealing
Can, heat transfer resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W, and its volume, which should be able to be accommodated, places examination in lower heater and guiding device, batch meter 10
Part 3, the temperature change of batch meter 10 is gathered by temperature sensor 2 in real time, temperature conditions is characterized, when total system reaches temperature
During stable circulation, temperature power situation of change in ice chest 5 and protective hot box 1 is shown in real time.5 are at least used inside batch meter 10
Temperature sensor 2, measurement collection mean temperature.
Opening side is provided with flow guiding screen 8 in batch meter 10, ice chest 5 is also set at the opening side position of batch meter 10
It is equipped with flow guiding screen 8.In batch meter 10 temperature control system include be located at batch meter 10 in electric heater, temperature control instrument and
Several temperature sensors 2, several temperature sensors 2 are located on each inwall of batch meter 10, several temperature sensors 2
Computer is connected to by data acquisition instrument.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K, measurement point position
In the inner wall surface of batch meter 10, no less than one measurement point of each internal face.The desired temperature of batch meter 10 and protective hot box 1
Temperature it is consistent.
Protective hot box 1 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, and structure does not produce cold bridge and with good sealing property, passes
Thermal resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W, and the distance of inwall and the outer wall of batch meter 10 is more than or equal to 150mm.Protective hot box 1 is placed on meter
Outside measuring tank 10, batch meter 10 is wrapped, batch meter 10 and protective hot box 1 are balanced by the temperature-controlling system in protective hot box 1
Difference variation, reduce the temperature loss in batch meter 10 using protective hot box 1, stable experimentation.Inside protective hot box 1
At least using 5 temperature sensors 2, measurement collection mean temperature.
Temperature control system includes the air-conditioning 9 inside protective hot box 1, electric heater, temperature control in protective hot box 1
Instrument and several temperature sensors 2, several temperature sensors 2 are located on each inwall of protective hot box 1, several temperature
Sensor 2 is connected to computer by data acquisition instrument.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K, prevents
The temperature setting range of hot tank 1 is protected between 20 DEG C to 30 DEG C.
Voltage-stablizer 6 and ammeter 7 are provided with electric heater.Ammeter 7, which is used to gather, shows experiment condition performance number, amount
Journey 500V, 0.5A；0.5 grade of precision.
Data acquisition processing system is made up of computer and data acquisition instrument, and data acquisition instrument can be with temperature control
Instrument is shared, and can also be used alone.Temperature sensor 2 for data acquisition must not use digital temperature sensor, it is proposed that
Using thermocouple and RTD.Software utilizes curve reaction chamber body temperature situation of change, and software can show experimentation in real time
In each temperature average situation of change, intuitively reflected using curve, have close friend operation interface.
Embodiment
The obturator 4 that known thermal conductivity factor and specification are 500mm × 500mm × d is prepared, d represents measured material in heat transfer
The thickness in direction, obturator 4 is typically chosen styrofoam.When the size of test specimen 3 is more than 500mm × 500mm, by 500mm ×
Prepared by 500mm × d, the material of test specimen 3 is sintered perforated brick or insulation blocks etc., when the size of test specimen 3 is less than
During 500mm × 500mm, then simple sample is taken to be tested, material need to be dried to permanent matter state in advance.
Obturator 4 generally selects styrofoam, and the materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity that obturator 4 is arranged on the present invention is determined
The batch meter 10 of equipment is sealed, after installing as the opening portion of test zone using weather-resistant glue to the periphery of obturator 4
Ice chest 5 and protective hot box 1 are attached sealing, control program is opened, test temperature is set, when the temperature stabilization of ice chest 5 is being set
Constant temperature angle value ± 0.2 DEG C；The temperature stabilization of protective hot box 1 is in set temperature value ± 0.3 DEG C；Power value changes are no more than 5%, this shape
State keeps to confirm as within 30 minutes stable state, after the experiment gathered data cycle is 30 minutes, temperature stabilization to be tested, adds up
Collection 3 hours, process of the test record temperature and changed power.
The materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity that the obturator 4 for being inlaid with test specimen 3 to be measured is arranged on into the present invention again, which is determined, to be set
Standby batch meter 10 repeats above-mentioned process of the test, record temperature and changed power as the opening portion of test zone.Will twice
The result of test data sheet is substituted into the formula 1~3 in materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method of the present invention, carries out correlometer
Calculate, you can obtain equivalent heat conductivity λe。
Claims (5)
1. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method, it is characterised in that implement according to following steps：
Step 1, obturator (4) is placed in a sealed environment, the sealed environment provides heat for the side of the obturator (4)
Environment, opposite side provides temperature in cold environment, environment to be sealed and reached after balance, the hot-fluid that measurement passes through the obturator (4)
Measure QT；
Step 2, test specimen to be measured (3) closed set put again in obturator (4), and by the obturator (4) for being inlaid with test specimen (3)
In sealed environment described in step 1, temperature is reached after balance in environment to be sealed, and test specimen must be inlaid with by described by measuring
(3) the heat flow Q of obturator (4)S；
Step 3, the heat flow Q for obtaining measurementTAnd QSFollowing formula is substituted into, heater heat flow Q is obtained：
Q2=QT-QS(1),
Q=Q1+Q2(2),
In formula, Q2For the heat flow difference tested twice, Q1For with test specimen to be measured (3) with produced by the obturator (4) of homalographic
Heat flow；
Step 4, by heater heat flow Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λ e：
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen, T2For thermal environment mean temperature, T1For cold environment mean temperature, k is correction factor,
Selected according to the size of test specimen to be measured (3).
2. assay method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, described
Cold ambient temperature be -14 DEG C~-16 DEG C.
3. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that temperature reaches balance in described sealed environment
Determination methods are, if by when the measurement average temperature of air change that obtains cold environment and thermal environment absolute value be not more than respectively
0.1K and 0.3K, and the change of said temperature and the temperature difference is not unidirectional change, then it represents that diabatic process has reached stabilization process.
4. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the material of described obturator (4) is styrofoam.
5. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described sealed environment includes hollow batch meter
(10), the side of the batch meter (10) is provided with the opening portion as test zone, the casing external seal of the batch meter (10)
The protective hot box (1) for providing thermal environment is covered with, the opening portion side of the batch meter (10) is closely provided with for providing
Temperature control system is provided with the ice chest (5) of cold environment, described batch meter (10), protective hot box (1) and ice chest (5),
Described temperature control system is connected to control system.
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| CN107300571B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2023-12-01 | 广东建粤工程检测有限公司 | Building wall heat transfer coefficient detection device and building wall heat transfer coefficient detection method |
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| CN110501377B (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2021-09-17 | 张家港市恒强冷却设备有限公司 | Checking method for heat exchange fin area in air heat exchanger |
| CN111624226B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-10 | 广东珈源检测有限公司 | Wall body thermal insulation performance detection device based on architectural design |
| CN113340940B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Thermal detection method and detection device for integrated concrete combined external wall panel |
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