CN104981458B - 组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104981458B CN104981458B CN201380059974.0A CN201380059974A CN104981458B CN 104981458 B CN104981458 B CN 104981458B CN 201380059974 A CN201380059974 A CN 201380059974A CN 104981458 B CN104981458 B CN 104981458B
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- methyl
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- pyridine
- amino
- ethyl
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Abstract
本申请公开了能够调节组蛋白脱甲基酶(HDME)活性的化合物,该化合物可用于预防和/或治疗发病机理涉及基因调节异常的疾病,诸如,例如癌症。本申请还公开了包含所述化合物的药物组合物,以及该化合物作为药物的用途。该化合物如式(I)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够调节组蛋白去甲基化酶(HDME)活性的化合物,该化合物可用于预防和/或治疗发病机理涉及基因调节异常的疾病,比如,例如癌症。
背景技术
真核细胞的DNA通过DNA围绕组蛋白蛋白质缠绕以形成核小体(核染色质的基本单元)组装进核染色质中。核染色质重要功能之一是通过改变有序的核染色质结构以确定活性和沉默转录的区域。因为这样的改变影响到基本过程如分化、增殖和凋亡,因此这样的改变对细胞功能产生深远的影响,并且由于它们可导致不涉及改变基因序列的遗传变化而通常被统称为“后生的(epigenetic)”(Quina,A.S.等人,(2006),Biochem.Pharmacol.72;1563-1569)。
这些高度控制的核染色质的变化是由与核小体的DNA分子相关的组蛋白的改变介导的。最值得注意的是,组蛋白H3和组蛋白H4的N-末端组蛋白尾部受到这样的共价变化,其中包括改变甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化和泛素化。通过特定的酶(例如,用于甲基的组蛋白甲基转移酶和组蛋白脱甲基酶,用于乙酰基的组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白脱乙酰酶等)介导组蛋白上的这些基团的添加或去除。在这些“后生”酶的活性或表达不正确地控制和调节的情况下有可能导致疾病。特别地,由于在细胞分化、增殖和凋亡中的后生作用,癌症是相对于失调后生酶活性高度重要的区域,但后生也可以对其他疾病如代谢、炎症、神经变性和心血管疾病发挥作用。因此后生酶的异常作用的选择性调节对人类疾病的治疗前景广阔(Kelly,T.K.等人,Nat.Biotechnol.(2010),Nat.Biotechnol 28;1069-1078,和CLOOS,P.a.C.等人(2008),Genes.Dev.22;115-1140)。
组蛋白H3尾上的赖氨酸残基的甲基化作用和脱甲基化作用构成了重要的划分转录活性和非活性核染色质的后生标记。例如,组蛋白H3上的赖氨酸9(H3K9)的甲基化作用通常与随后生沉默核染色质相关(Fischle,W.等人(2003),Curr.Opinion Cell Biol.15,172-83;Margueron,R.等人(2005),Curr.Opinion Genet.Dev.15,163-76),而组蛋白3上的赖氨酸4的甲基化作用与转录活性的核染色质相关。类似地,组蛋白H3的赖氨酸27(H3K27)标记在其二甲基化和三甲基化的状态下是抑制的,而已发现组蛋白H3的赖氨酸36标记与基因活化作用相关(Barski,A.等人(2007),Cell,129,823-37;Vakoc,C.等人(2006)Mol.Cell.Biol.26,9185-95;Wagner,E.J.&Carpenter,P.B.(2012)Nature Mol.Cell Biol13,115-26)。但是,后生标记的甲基化状态和它们对转录的影响之间关联的一般规则中已有许多例外。
SUV39H1敲除小鼠研究的结果表明H3K9标记的三甲基变体的减少导致核染色体异常且易患癌症(Peters,A.H.等人,Cell 107,323-37,2001)。JMJD2C蛋白(KDM4C,GASC1)已被确定为H3K9标记(组蛋白脱甲基酶)且由此如果不严格控制其表达和活性,可诱发癌症(Cloos,P.等人,(2006),Nature 442,307-11;Klose,R.J.等人,(2006),Nature 442,312-16;Liu,G.等人,(2009),Oncogene 28,4491-500)。例如,JMJD2C已显示,如果其在细胞中过度表达,则诱导转化的表型,如生长因子非依赖性生长,锚定非依赖性生长并形成微球体,(Liu,G.等人,(2009),Oncogene 28,4491-500)。JMJD2C在一系列人类肿瘤(如鳞状细胞癌、转移性肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌和其他几种)中过表达支持了表明JMJD2C作为致癌基因的潜在重要性的这些发现(Yang,Z.Q.等人,(2000)Cancer Res.60,4735-39;Yang,Z.Q.等人,(2001)Jpn.J.Cancer Res.92,423-28;Hu,N.等人,(2005)Cancer Res.65,2542-46;Liu,G.等人,(2009)Oncogene 28,4491-500;Wissmann,M.等人,(2007)Nat.Cell Biol.9,347-53)。
JMJD2A蛋白(KDM4A,JHDM3A)显示与JMJD2C类似的属性。JMJD2A显示了在其JmjC催化结构域与JMJD2C高度序列同一性,其是H3K9标记的清除器且还显示了在前列腺癌中过表达(Cloos,P.等人,Nature 442,307-11,2006)。JMJD2A已显示与雌激素受体α(ER-α)的相互作用和JMJD2A的过表达增强雌激素依赖性转录且下调JMJD2A降低了原始的ER-α靶基因细胞周期蛋白D1的转录(Kawazu等人,(2011)PLoS One 6;Berry等人,(2012)Int J Oncol41)。此外,已经表明,无催化活性的JMJD2A在其促进ER-α介导的转录的能力上受到损害,这表明JMJD2A的抑制剂可能有利于ER-α阳性乳腺肿瘤的治疗(Berry等人,(Berry等人,(2012)Int J Oncol 41)。
同样,H3K4标记的三甲基变体的清除器JARID1B(KDM5B,PLU1)也被确定为潜在致癌基因。在癌症中,JARID1B通过除去H3K4三甲基化导致受影响的染色质区域转录活化作用的降低,其很大程度上担当肿瘤阻抑基因抑制剂的角色。JARID1B的致癌潜力通过其对细胞系增殖的刺激而得以证实,且通过JARID1B表达的shRNA敲除研究(该研究显示MCF7人类乳腺癌细胞、SW780和RT4膀胱癌、A549和LC319肺癌细胞和4T1小鼠的肿瘤细胞细杂体外和/或在小鼠异种移植实验中增殖的抑制)得到进一步验证(Yamane K.等人,(2007),Mol.Cell25,801-12;Hayami S.等人,(2010)Mol.Cancer 9,59;Catchpole S等人,(2011),Int.J.Oncol.38,1267-77)。最后,JARID1B在前列腺癌中过度表达,并与恶性肿瘤和不良预后相关(Xiang Y.等人,(2007)PNAS 104)。
JARID1A(KDM5A,RBP2)也是H3K4标记的三甲基变体和二甲基变体的清除器。JARID1A在胃癌中过表达(Zeng等人,(2010)Gastroenterology 138)且其基因在宫颈癌中扩增(Hidalgo等人,(2005)BMC Cancer 5)。已提出,JARID1A是通过雌激素(Stratmann和Haendler(2011)FEBS J 278)微调孕酮受体的表达控制。与JARID1B一起,JARID1A与癌细胞的缓慢增长的人口的保持有关,其是持续的肿瘤生长和能够抵抗细胞毒性和靶向治疗所必需的(Roesch等人,(2010)Cell 141;Sharma等人,(2010)Cell 141)。在Rb+/-和MEN1缺陷小鼠中JARID1A是肿瘤发生和发展所必需的(Lin等人,(2011)PNAS 108)。Pasini的数据显示JARID1A结合至多梳家族蛋白的靶基因,其通过决定细胞命运决定基因的转录抑制,参与重要的细胞过程的调节,如细胞胚胎形成、细胞增殖和干细胞的自我更新(Pasini等人,(2008)Genes&Dev 22)。此外,JARID1A还显示出结合PRC2复合体并作为PRC2靶基因调节器(Pasini等人,(2008)Genes&Dev 22)。
另一个潜在的致癌基因,所述H3K36标记的二甲基变体的清除器,JHDM1B(KDM2B,FBXL10)已显示在人类癌症中高度表达(Tzatsos A等人,(2009),PNAS 106(8),2641-6;He,J.等人,(2011),Blood 117(14),3869-80)。沉默FBXL10会导致小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)的衰老,其可以通过JHDM1B催化活性的(但不是催化非活性的)表达而缓解(Pfau R等人,(2008),PNAS 105(6),1907-12;He J等人,(2008),Nat Struct Mol Biol 15,1169-75)。JHDM1B在肿瘤抑制基因Ink4b(P15INK4b)上脱甲基化H3K36me2,从而沉默这种在MEF和白血病细胞中的衰老-介导基因(He,J.等人,(2008),Nat Struct Mol Biol 15,1169-75;He,J.等人,(2011),Blood 117(14),3869-80)。当小鼠AML模型中白血病的发展需要催化活性时,He等人进一步显示了JHDM1B的催化依赖性。
所述后生酶类的组蛋白脱甲基酶的抑制剂,特别是潜在的致癌基因JARID1B、JARID1A、JMJD2C、JMJD2A和JHDM1B,将提出一种用于癌症和其它增殖性疾病的干预的新方法。作为最具破坏性的疾病之一,影响全球数百万人,对于抗癌症的有效且具体的化合物仍存在较高需求。
本发明的实施方案提供了一系列新的化合物,其能够调节组蛋白脱甲基酶(HDME)的活性,它们中的至少一些化合物可用于预防和/或治疗疾病,其中发病机理涉及基因组调节异常,诸如例如癌症。进一步的实例是,营养失调或营养不良被认为有不良的后生影响,而本发明的化合物由此可被预期在治疗营养不良的这种影响的有益效果。此外,已发现后生改变与行为相关。因此,根据本发明的化合物可以用于行为矫正。可选地或另外,这样的化合物可以用于探索通过类似的化合物抑制不同的脱甲基酶的范围,作为结构和功能以及脱甲基酶的作用的机理的调查研究。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供通式(I)的化合物或其异构体或异构体的混合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药,
其中
A选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基、C3-10环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基,其中亚烃基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
Y选自-H、-NR6R7、-OR7、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代且可以与R2形成环状结构;
R1选自-H、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基可任选地被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、F和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代;或更优选地选自-H和C1-4烷基;或与-A-Y形成包含氮的任选地取代的杂环基团,其中任选的取代基可以是C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基或C3-10环烷基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基可任选地被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、F和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代;
R2选自-H、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基和C3-10环烷基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基可任选地被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、F和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代,并且可以与Y形成环状结构;
每个R3独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-NR6R7、-Z-C(=O)-NR6R7、-Z-NR6-C(=O)-R7、-Z-C(=O)-R7、-Z-OR7、卤素、-Z-SR7、-Z-SOR7、-Z-SO2R7、-Z-SO2NR6R7和-Z-COOR7,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个R5取代;
Z选自单键、C1-4亚烷基、杂亚环基和C3-6环亚烃基;
每个R4独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-10环烷基、-N(R1)2、氨甲酰基和-OH;
每个R5独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、-CN、-F、-CI、-Br、氨甲酰基和-OH;
R6和R7的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4全氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基和C1-Z-芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基任选地可被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;或者,可选地、R6和R7可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;
每个R8独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C3-6环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9的一个或多个取代,其中任意杂环基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,以及
每个R9独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基和-Z-杂芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代;
R10和R11的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,或者,可选地,R10和R11可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代;
条件是当A是-CH2-时,Y不是H。
在R1与-A-Y形成任选地取代的杂环基团时,其优选地是任选地取代的C3-7杂环基团,例如C3-6或C5-6杂环基团。
在R2与Y形成环状结构时,R2优选地是C1-C2亚烃基。该环状结构优选地是(被一个或多个R3)任选地取代的5或6元环,任选地5或6元杂环。
本发明一个优选的方面涉及式(I)化合物,或其异构体或异构体的混合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药,
其中
A选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基、C3-10环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基,其中亚烃基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
Y选自-H、-NR5R7、-OR7、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
R1选自-H和C1-4烷基;
R2选自-H、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基可任选地被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、F和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代;
每个R3独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-NR6R7、-Z-C(=O)-NR6R7、-Z-NR6-C(=O)-R7、-Z-C(=O)-R7、-Z-OR7、卤素、-Z-SR7、-Z-SOR7、-Z-SO2R7、-Z-SO2NR6R7和-Z-COOR7,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个R5取代;
Z选自单键、C1-4亚烃基、杂亚环基和C3-6环亚烃基;
每个R4独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-10环烷基、-N(R1)2、氨甲酰基和-OH;
每个R5独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、-CN、-F、-CI、-Br、氨甲酰基和-OH;
R6和R7的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4全氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基和-Z-芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基任选地可被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;或者,可选地、R6和R7可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;
每个R8独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C3-6环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9的一个或多个取代;其中任意杂环基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,以及
每个R9独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基和-Z-杂芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代;
R10和R11的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,或者,可选地,R10和R11可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代;
条件是当A是-CH2-时,Y不是H。
在一个可选的方面,本发明涉及式(I)化合物,或其异构体或异构体的混合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药,其中
A选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基、C3-10环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基,其中亚烃基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
Y选自-H、-NR6R7、-OR7、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
R1选自-H和C1-4烷基;
R2选自–H、C1-4烷基和C1-4羟烷基;
每个R3独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-NR6R7、-Z-C(=O)-NR6R7、-Z-OR7、卤素、-Z-SR7、-Z-SOR7、-Z-SO2R7和-Z-COOR7、其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个取代R4,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个R5取代;
Z选自单键、C1-4亚烃基、杂亚环基和C3-6环亚烃基,
每个R4独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-10环烷基、-N(R1)2、氨甲酰基和-OH;
每个R5独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、-CN、-F、-CI、-Br、氨甲酰基和-OH;
R6和R7的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4全氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基和-Z-芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基任选地可被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;或者,可选地、R6和R7可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;
每个R8独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C3-6环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9的一个或多个取代;其中任意杂环基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,以及
每个R9独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基和-Z-杂芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代;
R10和R11的每一个独立地选自-H、C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,或者,可选地,R10和R11可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代;
条件是当A是-CH2-时,Y不是H。
本发明另一个方面涉及药物组合物,该药物组合物包含至少一种如本文定义的式(I)化合物,以及任选地一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂和/或载体。
本发明的另一个方面涉及如本文定义的式(I)化合物用作药物。
本发明的再一个方面涉及如本文定义的式(I)化合物用于治疗HDME依赖性疾病,诸如用于治疗癌症。
本发明的再一个方面涉及如本文定义的式(I)化合物用于制备治疗HDME依赖性疾病诸如癌症的药物组合物。
本发明的再一个方面涉及治疗对象中HDME依赖性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述对象施用治疗有效量的至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物。
如本文定义的式(I)化合物通过抑制HDME可以用于治疗HDME依赖性疾病。抑制HDME将提供一种预防和治疗癌症和其它增殖性疾病的新途径。单独施用或任选地与抗肿瘤化合物组合施用本发明的化合物增加了HDME依赖性疾病的治疗效果。如以下所示,本发明化合物对癌细胞具有细胞抑制或抗增殖的作用。
具体实施方式
式(I)化合物
如上所述,本发明涉及式(I)化合物
本文中上述定义的式(I)化合物表示为如本文所定义的“式(I)化合物”、“如本文所定义的式(I)化合物”,或简称为“式(I)化合物”的表述等。应当理解,这样的表示意在不仅涵盖上述通式,而且还涵盖上面或在下面讨论的每个以及各个的实施方案等。还应该理解的是,除非相反说明,这样的引用还涵盖了式(I)化合物的异构体、异构体的混合物、药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药。
不受限于任何特定的理论,目前的结果和X-射线晶体学研究给出理由相信HOOC-吡啶-CH2-N<基序,参见式(I),在设计能够调节组蛋白脱甲基酶(HDME)活性的化合物时起着重要的作用。此外,据信,取代基组合-A-Y起着建立对于所述组蛋白脱甲基酶的亲和性的作用。组蛋白脱甲基酶含有其活性依赖的铁原子。进一步认为,式(I)的吡啶氮和氮原子也在结合组蛋白脱甲基酶特定的腔上发挥作用,可能通过铁自身的螯合作用,铁原子位于所述的腔内。
还认为A-Y链自身并通过其取代基与已知调节赖氨酸链底物的脱甲基酶的区域相互作用。如下面给出实验结果清楚地证明,有各种各样的可能的-A-Y基团能调节各种的脱甲基酶活性,赋予选择性抑制。有些脱甲基酶具有排列了酸性残基的赖氨酸链区域,而Y上具有碱性基团的化合物对于这些酶显示增强效力。同样,Y链上具有非极性基团的化合物更好地抑制一些脱甲基酶。Y链具有不带电荷的极性基团的化合物更好的抑制其它脱甲基酶。Y链具有不带电荷的极性基团的化合物更好的抑制其它脱甲基酶。
更具体地,认为吡啶环的羧酸取代基对其结合至组蛋白脱甲基酶特定的腔上起到作用。
A典型地选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基、C3-10环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基。
作为A的亚烃基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烃基、杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代(进一步参见以下内容)。
在一实施方案中,A选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基、C3-10环亚烃基,杂亚环基、杂亚芳基和亚芳基,尤其选自-CHR2C(O)-、C1-8亚烃基和杂亚环基,诸如-CHR2C(O)-,或C1-8亚烃基,或杂亚环基。在这种情况下,R2可以采取任何上文或下文给出的它的基团的集合。
特别地,A可以是-CH2C(O)-或-CH2-CH2-。
Y典型地选自-H、-NR6R7、-OR7、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基。R6和R7优选的基团进一步在下面定义。
作为Y的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被一个或多个R3取代(进一步参见以下内容);
在一实施方案中,Y是-NR6R7。在一变型中A是-CHR2C(O)-,尤其是-CH2C(O)-,且Y是-NR6R7。
特别地,-A-Y可以采用任意阐明在下表1所示的化合物的基团且该表显示的任意-Y基团可以与任何该表阐明的A基团组合。
在另一个变型中,A是C1-8烷基且Y是-NR6R7。在这个实施方案中的一个方案以及这些变型中,-NR5R7表示N-杂环环任选地被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代,优选地被一个至两个独立地选择的R8取代。在这个实施方案中的另一个方案以及这些变型中,其中Y是-NR6R7,R6和R7的每一个表示-H或C1-6烷基。在这个实施方案中的再一个方案以及这些变型中,其中Y是–NR6R7,R6和R7独立地选自C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基和C2-8炔基,例如,R6和R7是相同的。在这个实施方案中的再一个方案以及这些变型中,其中Y是-NR6R7,R6和R7的每一个选自杂环基、杂芳基和芳基。
在另一实施方案中,Y是-H。在一变型中,A选自C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基和C3-10环亚烃基。在另一变型中,A选自杂环基。
再一实施方案中,Y选自杂环基、杂芳基和芳基。在基于此的一个变型中,A选自C1-8亚烃基、C2-8亚烯基、C2-8亚炔基,尤其选自C1-8亚烃基,诸如选自C1-6亚烃基,尤其选自C1-4亚烃基。
R1典型地选自-H和C1-4烷基(诸如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基),尤其选自–H和甲基,优选为H。
R2典型地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基可任选地被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、F和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代。在一些实施方案中,R2选自-H、C1-4烷基(诸如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基)和C1-4羟烷基(诸如羟甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基和羟丁基),尤其选自-H、甲基和羟甲基,优选为H。
R3(一些A和Y部分的可能的取代基)典型地独立地选自C1-5烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-NR6R7、-Z-C(=O)-NR6R7、-Z-NR6-C(=O)-R7、-Z-C(=O)-R7、-Z-OR7、卤素、-Z-SR7、-Z-SOR7、-Z-SO2R7、-Z-SO2NR6R7和-Z-COOR7,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个R5取代。在另一实施方案中,R3独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-芳基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-NR6R7、-Z-C(=O)-NR6R7、-Z-OR7、卤素、-Z-SR7、-Z-SOR7、-Z-SO2R7和-Z-COOR7,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个R5取代。
Z典型地选自单键、C1-4亚烃基、杂亚环基和C3-6环亚烃基。在一实施方案中,Z选自C1-4亚烃基。在另一实施方案中,Z选自单键。Z可以在式(I)中出现多次,且这样的Z是独立地选择的。
每个R4(杂环基可能的取代基)独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-10环烷基、-N(R1)2、氨甲酰基和-OH,
每个R5(杂芳基和芳基可能的取代基)独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、-CN、-F、-CI、-Br、氨甲酰基和-OH。
R6和R7的每一个(例如对于–NR6R7部分)独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4全氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基和-Z-芳基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基任选地可被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;或者,可选地、R6和R7可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代。
每个R8独立地选自C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被选自C1-4烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C3-6环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9、卤素、-CN、-Z-SR9、-Z-SOR9、-Z-SO2R9和-Z-COOR9的一个或多个取代;其中任意杂环基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可进一步被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代。
每个R9独立地选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基和-Z-杂芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代。在一实施方案中,每个R9独立地选自选自-H、C1-8烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-芳基和-Z-杂芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代。
R10和R11的每一个(对于–NR10R11部分)独立地选自-H、C1-6烷基、C1-4氟烷基、C1-4羟烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基,其中任意杂环基可被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代,且其中任意杂芳基和任意芳基可被一个或多个如上定义的R5取代,或者,可选地,R10和R11可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环环,任选地其被一个或多个如上定义的R4取代。
应当理解在式(I)中,当A是–CH2-时Y不是H。一般而言,可以认为如果–A-Y部分具有相对于原子数目(不计氢原子)和/或分子量的某一“大小”是有利的。另外,–A-Y部分有限的灵活性似乎起到了某一作用。
因此,可以认为-A-Y部分应当优选至多40个重原子,诸如至多30个重原子,或至多25个重原子,或至多20个重原子。优选地,–A-Y部分将由至少3,或至少4,或至少8或至少10个重原子组成。在一些实施方案中,–A-Y部分优选由3-40个重原子组成,诸如4-30个重原子,或4-25个重原子,或4-20个、或8-30个、或8-20个、或8-15个重原子组成。术语“重原子”是指在部分中的除氢原子以外的所有原子。
此外,可以认为式(I)化合物应当优选具有分子量为至少130、至少150、或至少180、或至少250,但不超过1000、或不超过800以上、或不超过500、或不超过400,可以是在这些优选的上限和下限可构造的任何范围内,如130-1,000g/mol,或者150-1,000g/mol,诸如180-800g/mol,例如225-600g/mol或250-500g/mol,或250至400。
在一些实施方案中,为了引入-A-Y部分有限的灵活性,该部分包括1-4个环,即衍生自环烷基、环烯基、杂环基、杂芳基和/或芳基的环。在一些变型中,-A-Y部分包括1-3个选自单环环烷基、单环杂环基、单环杂芳基、双环杂芳基和单环芳基的环部分。小的取代基诸如烷基链上的烷基或羟基也降低灵活性且倾向某些构象。
可优选的是,如果–A-Y不包括环,它包括至少一个例如1至3个支链,其中每一个支链可以独立地是一个重原子至六个重原子,例如一个至三个重原子,或一个至两个重原子。优选–A-Y应当含有至少一个杂原子,优选至少一个氮原子或至少一个氧。
独立地可采用的选择包括:
Y是
其中n为1至3且R10和R11的每一个独立地如上所定义
Y是
其中n为1至3且每个m独立地为0至2。
Y选自杂环基、杂芳和芳基,其中可任选地以一个或多个R3取代。
根据所进行的研究和迄今得到的结果,可以认为以下的化合物(编号1至45)、它们的异构体、异构体的混合物,以及药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药是非常引人关注的:
1 2-({[3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
2 2-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
3 2-({[(2R)-2,3-二羟丙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
4 2-{[(环丙基甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
5 2-{[(环丙基甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
6 2-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
7 2-{[甲基(丙-2-炔-1-基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
8 2-{[(2-氟代乙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
9 2-{[(呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
10 2-({[(5-苯基呋喃-2-基)甲基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
11 2-({[(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
12 2-({[2-(甲基硫烷基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
13 2-({[2-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
14 2-[({[丁基(甲基)氨基甲酰]甲基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
15 2-({[(1-甲基-1H-1,3-苯并二唑-2-基)甲基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
16 2-[({2-[4-(2-甲氧基乙基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
17 2-[({[双(丙-2-烯-1-基)氨基甲酰]甲基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
18 2-[({2-氧代-2-[(2R)-2-(吡咯烷-1-基甲基)吡咯烷-1-基]乙基}氨基)甲基]-吡啶-4-羧酸
19 2-({[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
20 2-({[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
21 2-{[(3-{[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}丙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
22 2-{[(3-甲基丁基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
23 2-[({[(2-氨基甲酰乙基)(甲基)氨基甲酰]甲基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
24 2-[({2-[2-(羟甲基)哌啶-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
25 2-{[({甲基[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-吡啶-4-羧酸
26 2-{[({[(1-乙基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
27 2-{[({甲基[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)甲基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]-甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
28 2-({[(3R)-1-(3-苯基丙基)吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
29 2-({[({1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]氨基}-甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
30 2-{[({[1-(3-苯基丙基)哌啶-4-基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
31 2-{[({[1-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌啶-4-基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
32 2-({[({1-[(5-苯基呋喃-2-基)甲基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]氨基}-甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
33 2-[({[(2-氰乙基)(乙基)氨基甲酰]甲基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
34 2-({[2-(1-丁基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
35 2-{[({[1-(3,7-二甲基辛-6-烯-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]-甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
36 2-{[(3-{[(2-氟代苯基)甲基](甲基)氨基}丙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
37 2-({[(1R)-2-羟基-1-{甲基[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]氨基甲酰}-乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
38 2-[({2-[3-(1H-1,3-苯并二唑-2-基甲基)哌啶-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}氨基)甲基]-吡啶-4-羧酸
39 2-{[({[1-(2-苯基乙基)吡咯烷-3-基]氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
40 2-({[3-(4-苄基哌啶-1-基)丙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
41 2-[({3-[(2-苯氧基乙基)氨基]丙基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
42 2-[({[甲基({4-[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)甲基]苯基}甲基)氨基甲酰]甲基}-氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
43 2-({[2-(2-苄基吡咯烷-1-基)-2-氧代乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
44 2-({[({4-[苄基(环丙基)氨基]丁基}(甲基)氨基甲酰)甲基]-氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
45 2-[({2-[(2S)-1-苄基吡咯烷-2-基]乙基}氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸
46 2-({[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
47 2-({[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸甲酯
48 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
49 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
50 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(5-甲基-2-氧代-2H-1,3-二氧代基-4-基)甲酯
51 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸4-甲氧基苯基酯
52 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸2-(乙氧基羰基)苯酯
53 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸2-(二甲基氨基)乙酯
54 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸3-(二甲基氨基)丙酯
55 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸{4-{[(乙氧基羰基)氨基]苯基}甲酯
56 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸2,6-二甲氧基苯酯
57 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸2,6-二甲基苯酯
58 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-甲氧基苯酯
59 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸2-(乙氧基羰基)苯酯
60 2-({[4-(二乙基氨基)丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸{4-[(乙氧基羰基)(甲基)氨基]苯基}甲酯
61 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-叔-丁基苯酯
62 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-氧代戊烷-2-基酯
63 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-(三氟代乙酰氨基)丁烷-2-基酯
64 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-(2,2,2-三氟代-N-甲基乙酰氨基)丁烷-2-基酯
65 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯
66 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸5-(三氟代乙酰氨基)戊-1-烯-3-基酯
67 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸5-(2,2,2-三氟代-N-甲基乙酰氨基)戊-1-烯-3-基酯
68 2-(2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羰基氧)-3-(十六酰氧)丙基十六烷酸酯
69 1-(2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羰基氧)-3-(十六酰氧)丙烷-2-基十六烷酸酯
70 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸甲酯
71 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-甲磺酰基-N-甲基吡啶-4-甲酰胺
72N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-N-乙基-2-({[4-(2-氧代-1,3-噁唑烷-3-羰基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}氨基)乙酰胺
73 3-(2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羰基氧)-4-(三氟代乙酰氨基)丁酸丙烷-2-基酯
74 3-(2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羰基氧)-5-(三氟代乙酰氨基)戊酸丙烷-2-基酯
75 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(吡啶-4-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺
76 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(5-甲基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺
77 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺
78 2-(哌啶-1-基甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
79 2-(杂氮环丁烷-1-基甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
80 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸2,2,2-三氟代乙酯
81 2-({乙基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
82 2-({丁基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
83 2-({苄基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
84 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(1,3-噁唑-2-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺
85 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸2,6-双(丙烷-2-基氧)苯酯
86 2-{[(2-甲基丙基)[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸
87 2-({[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基](丙基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
88 2-({[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基](丙烷-2-基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
89 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺
90 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸2-氟代乙酯91 2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸2,2-二氟代乙酯
92 2-({[(1S)-1-(叔-丁基氨基甲酰)-3-甲基丁基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸
93 2-({甲基[(2S)-4-甲基-1-氧代-1-(哌啶-1-基)戊烷-2-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸非常引人注意的其它化合物示于下表1以及其它实施例中。
定义
本文所用术语"烷基"是指饱和的直链或支链烃链。该烃链优选包含1至8个碳原子(C1-8-烷基),更优选1至6个碳原子(C1-6-烷基),尤其是1至4个碳原子(C1-4-烷基),包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基、异己基、庚基和辛基。在优选的实施方案中"烷基"表示C1-4-烷基基团,其可以特别地包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。相应地,术语“亚烷基”是指相应的双自由基(-烷基-)。
术语"环烷基"本文所用是指环烷基基团,优选含有3至10个碳原子(C3-10-环烷基),例如3至8个碳原子(C3-8-环烷基),优选3至8个碳原子(C3-6-环烷基),包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。此外,本文所用术语"环烷基"还可以包括多环基团诸如例如双环[2.2.2]辛基、双环[2.2.2]辛基、双环[2.2.1]庚烷基、十氢萘基和金刚烷基。相应地,术语“环亚烷基”是指相应的双基(-环烷基-)。
本文所用术语“烯基”是指含有一个或多个双键的直链或支链烃链或环烃,包括二烯、三烯和聚烯。典型地,包括至少一个双键的链烯基团(C2-8-烯基)包含2-8个碳原子,诸如2至6个碳原子(C2-6-烯基),特别是2至4个碳原子(C2-4-烯基)。烯基基团的例子包括乙烯基;1-或2-丙烯基;1-,2-或3-丁烯基或1,3-丁二烯基;1-,2-,3-,4-或5-己烯基或1,3-己二烯基,或1,3,5-己三烯基;1-,2-,3-,4-,5-,6-或7-辛烯基或1,3-辛二烯基,或1,3,5-辛三烯基,或1,3,5,7-辛四烯基,或环己烯基。相应地,术语“亚烯基”指的是相应的双自由基(-烯基-)。
本文所用术语“炔基”是指含有一个或多个三键的直链或支链烃链,其中包括二炔、三炔和聚炔。典型地,炔基基团含有2-8个碳原子(C2-8-炔基),例如2-6个碳原子(C2-6-炔基),特别是2-4个碳原子(C2-4炔基),包括至少一个三键。优选的炔基基团的例子包括乙炔基;1-或2-丙炔基;1-,2-或3-丁炔基,或1,3-丁二炔基;1-,2-,3-,4-或5-己炔基,或1,3-己二炔基或1,3,5-己三炔基;1-,2-,3-,4-,5-,6-或7-辛炔基,或1,3-辛二炔基,或1,3,5-辛三炔基,或1,3,5 7-辛四炔基。相应地,术语“亚炔基”指的是相应的双自由基(-炔基-)。
本文所用术语“卤代”和“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。因此,三卤代甲基基团表示例如三氟甲基基团,或三氯甲基基团。优选,术语“卤代”和“卤素”指代氟代或氯代。
本文所用术语“氟烷基”是指如本文所定义的烷基基团被一个或多个氟卤代取代一次或多次,优选全氟化的。本文所用术语“全氟烷基”是指其中所有氢原子被氟原子取代的如本文所定义的烷基基团。优选氟烷基基团包括三氟甲基、五氟乙基等。
本文所用术语"烷氧基"是指"烷基-O"基团,其中烷基如上所定义。
本文所用术语“羟烷基”是指其中烷基基团被羟基一次或多次取代的烷基基团(如上所定义)。羟烷基基团的例子包括HO-CH2-、HO-CH2-CH2-和CH3CH(OH)-。
本文所用术语“氧(oxy)”是指“-O-”基团。
本文所用术语“氧代(oxo)”是指“=O”基团。
本文所用术语“胺”是指伯胺(R-NH2,R≠H)、仲胺(R2-NH,R2≠H)和叔胺(R3-N,R≠H)胺。取代的胺意指氢原子中的至少一个被取代基取代的胺。
本文所用术语"氨甲酰基"是指“H2N(C=O)-”基团。
本文所用术语“芳基”,除非另有说明,包括通过除去一个氢原子衍生自芳族烃的碳环芳香环系统。芳还包括二价、三和多环体系。优选的芳基部分的实例包括苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、芴基、联苯基、茚基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、并环戊二烯、薁基和亚联苯基。除非另有说明,优选的“芳基”是苯基、萘基或茚满基,尤其是苯基。使用的任何芳基可任选地被取代。相应地,术语“亚芳基”是指相应的双自由基(-芳基-)。
本文所用术语“杂芳基”是指含有一个或多个选自O,S和N中的杂原子,优选1至4个杂原子,并且更优选1至3个杂原子的芳族基团。杂芳基还包括双环、三环和多环基团,其中该基团中的至少一个环是芳族的,并且所述环中的至少一个包含选自O、S和N的杂原子。杂芳基还包括被一个或多个氧代部分取代的环系统。优选的杂芳基部分的例子包括N-羟基四唑基、N-羟基三唑基、N-羟基咪唑基、呋喃基、三唑基、吡喃基、噻二嗪基(thiadiazinyl)、苯并噻吩、二氢-苯并[b]噻吩、呫吨基、异茚满基、吖啶基、苯并异噁唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、蝶啶基(phteridinyl)、氮杂、二氮杂基、咪唑基、噻唑基、咔唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、异噁唑基、噁唑基、异噻唑、吡咯基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、噌啉基、吲唑基、吲嗪基、酞嗪、三嗪基、异吲哚基、嘌呤基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、苯并噻吩基、苯并三唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、二氢对苯二酚基、四氢喹啉基、二氢异喹啉、四氢异喹啉、苯并呋喃基、呋喃并吡啶基(furopyridinyl)、吡咯并嘧啶基(pyrolopyrimidinyl)、氮杂吲哚基、吡唑啉和吡唑。非限制性的部分氢化的衍生物的例子是1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、1,4-二氢萘基和1-八氢萘。相应地,术语“杂亚芳基”是指相应的双自由基(-杂芳基-)。
本文所用术语“杂环基”是指环状非芳族基团包含选自O、S和N的一个或多个杂原子,优选1至4个杂原子,并且更优选1至3个杂原子。杂环基还包括双环,三环和多环非芳族基团,且所述环中的至少一个含有选自O、S和N的杂原子,杂环基还包括被一个或多个氧代部分取代的环系统。杂环基团的例子是氧杂环丁烷、吡咯烷基、吡咯基、3H-吡咯基、四氢呋喃基、呋喃基、硫杂环戊烷基(thiolanyl)、噻吩基、吡唑基、吡唑烷基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、3H-吡唑基、1,2-噁唑基、1,3-噁唑基、1,2-噻唑基、1,3-噻唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、哌啶基、吡啶基、草氨酰(oxanyl)、2-H吡喃基、4-H-吡喃基、噻吩基(thianyl)、2H-噻喃基、哒嗪基、1,2-二嗪农(1,2-diazinanyl)、嘧啶基、1,3-二嗪农(1,3-diazinanyl)、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、1,4-二氧杂环己烯、1,4-二噁、1,3-二嗪农(1,3-diazinanyl)、1,4-噁嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、氧硫杂环己基(1,4-oxathianyl)、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并吡喃(chromayl)、异苯并吡喃(isochromanyl)、4H-苯并吡喃(4H-chromenyl)、1H-异苯并吡喃(1H-isochromenyl)、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、酞嗪基、嘌呤基、萘啶基、蝶啶、中氮茚基、1H-吡咯烷基(1H-pyrrolizinyl)、4H-喹嗪基和氮杂-8-双环[3.2.1]辛烷。相应地,术语“杂亚环基”是指相应的双自由基(-杂环-)。
术语“N-杂环环”如本文所用是指如上文所定义具有至少一个氮原子并且通过氮原子结合的杂环基或杂芳基。这样的N-杂环环的例子是吡咯烷基、吡咯基、3H-吡咯基、吡唑基、吡唑烷基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、3H-吡唑基、1,2-噁唑基、1,2-噻唑基、1,3-噻唑基、哌啶基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基等。
异构体
式(I)化合物可以以几何异构体(即顺-反异构体)、光学异构体或立体异构体诸如非对映异构体以及互变异构体而存在。因此,应该理解的是,式(I)化合物的定义包括对应于结构式的每个和各个单独的异构体:式(I),包括顺式-反式异构体,立体异构体和互变异构体,以及这些的外消旋混合物及其药学上可接受的盐。因此,式(I)化合物的定义还意在涵盖所有化学结构以任何比例的R-和S-异构体,例如可能的异构体之一的富集(即对映体过量或非对映体过量)而相应的较小比率的其他异构体。
非对映体,即非重叠的立体异构体,可以通过常规方法诸如色谱法、蒸馏、结晶或升华分离。可以通过常规方法拆分外消旋混合物获得光学异构体,例如通过以光学活性的酸或碱处理形成的非对映异构盐拆分。合适的酸的例子包括,但不限于,酒石酸,二乙酰酒石酸,二苯甲酰酒石酸,二甲苯酰酒石酸和樟脑磺酸。非对映异构体的混合物可以通过结晶随后从这些盐中释放光学活性的酸碱而进行分离。用于旋光异构体分离的另一种方法包括使用最佳选择以最大化对映异构体分离的手性色谱柱。再一种可行的方法涉及通过将式(I)化合物与活化形式的光学纯的酸在或光学纯的异氰酸酯反应,合成共价的非对应异构体分子。合成的共价非对映异构分子可以通过常规的手段诸如色谱法、蒸馏、结晶或升华进行分离,然后水解以得到对映体纯化合物。同样可以通过使用光学活性起始原料和/或通过利用手性催化剂来获得式(I)的光学活性化合物。这些异构体可以是游离酸、游离碱、酯或盐的形式。手性分离技术的例子可由Separation Techniques,A Practical Approach,第2版.G.Subramanian,WILEY-VCH,2001给出。
药学上可接受的盐
式(I)化合物可以以适合预期施用的任何形式提供,尤其包括其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和式(I)化合物的前药。
药学上可接受的盐是指式(I)化合物的盐,其被认为在临床和/或兽医用途是可以接受的。典型的药学上可接受的盐包括那些由式(I)化合物的无机酸或有机酸或有机或无机碱的反应制得的盐。分别地已知这样的盐为酸加成盐和碱加成盐。应当认识到,形成任何盐一部分的特殊的反离子(counter-ion)不是关键性能,只要该盐作为整体是药学上可接受的并且只要所述反离子不为作为整体的盐提供不期望的性质。这些盐可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方法来制备。药学上可接受的盐是例如那些在Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences,第17版,Alfonso R.Gennaro(主编),Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA,USA,1985年和最近的版本以及Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology中描述和讨论的。
药学上可接受的加成盐的例子包括酸加成盐,所述酸加成盐与以下酸形成:无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢碘酸、偏磷酸或磷酸;以及有机酸例如琥珀酸、马来酸、乙酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、三氟乙酸、苹果酸、乳酸、甲酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、樟脑磺酸、异硫羰酸、粘酸、龙胆酸、异烟酸、糖质、葡糖醛酸、糠酸、谷氨酸、抗坏血酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯基乙酸、扁桃酸、扑酸(双羟萘酸)、乙磺酸、泛酸、硬脂酸、对氨基苯磺酸、海藻酸和半乳糖醛酸;以及芳基磺酸,例如苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸或萘磺酸;以及碱加成盐,所述碱加成盐与碱金属和碱土金属和有机碱形成,诸如N,N-二苄基乙二胺二乙酯、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺(N-甲葡糖胺)、赖氨酸和普鲁卡因;以及内部形成的盐。
溶剂化物
式(I)化合物可以在可溶性或不溶性形式与药学上可接受的溶剂一起提供,所述药学上可接受的溶剂诸如水、乙醇以及类似物。可溶性形式还可以包括水合形式,诸如在一水合物、二水合物、半水合物、三水合物、四水合物等。
前药
式(I)化合物可作为前药提供。本文所用术语“前药”意指这样的化合物,其在暴露于某些生理条件上时将释放式(I)化合物,然后将能够表现出所需的生物作用。一个典型的例子是羧酸不稳定的酯,尤其是式(I)化合物的吡啶羧酸基团,其例如能够释放潜在的羧酸基团。
羧酸基团的酯的示例性例子(尤其是吡啶羧酸)是C1-6烷基酯,例如甲基酯、乙基酯、2-丙基酯、苯基酯、2-氨基乙基酯等,其中包括(5-甲基-2-氧代-2H-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基酯、4-甲氧基苯基酯、2-(乙氧羰基)苯基酯、{4-[(乙氧羰基)(甲基)氨基]苯基}甲基酯、2-(二甲基氨基)乙基酯、3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯、[(乙氧羰基)氨基]苯基甲基酯、2,6-二甲氧基苯基酯、2,6-二甲基苯基酯、4-叔丁基-丁基苯基酯、4-氧代戊-2-基酯、4-(三氟乙酰氨基)丁-2-基酯、4-(2,2,2-三氟-N-甲基乙酰氨基)丁-2-基酯、5-(三氟乙酰氨基)戊-1-烯-3-基酯、5-(2,2,2-三氟-N-甲基乙酰氨基)戊-1-烯-3-基酯、1,3-二(十六烷)丙-2-基酯、2,3-双(十六烷)丙基酯、4-氧代-4-(丙-2-基氧)-1-(三氟乙酰氨基)丁-2-基酯、1-氧代-1-(丙-2-基氧)-5-(三氟乙酰氨基)戊-3-基酯2,2,2-三氟乙基酯、2,6-双(丙-2-基氧)苯基酯、2-氟乙基酯、2,2-二氟乙基酯等。
尤其是,本发明的前药可以是以下形式的
其中R12为(R13)2N-形式或者R13O-形式,其中每个R13独立地可与任何上述给出或下面所示的前体药物的例子相一致。尤其是,每个R13独立地可以选自C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、C3-10环烷基以及芳氧基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基和芳氧基可任选被选自-OH、芳基、C1-6烷氧基、杂芳基、芳氧基、杂芳基氧基、F、磺酰胺基团和C3-6环烷基的一个或多个取代;并且(R13)2N-的一个R13可以是并且优选是-H。
制备式(I)化合物的方法
如本文定义的式(I)化合物可以通过化学合成的常规方法制备,例如在工作实施例所描述的那些方法,且从容易获得的起始原料开始。用于本申请中所述方法的起始原料是已知的或可以容易地通过常规方法从市售的化学品制备。
本文描述的反应的最终产物可以通过常规技术分离,例如通过萃取、结晶、蒸馏、色谱法等。
下面描述了一些获得式(I)化合物可能的途径。
可以如在下面所描述地制备式(I)化合物。本领域技术人员已知可用于制备化合物步骤的有用的步骤。下面给出的方法作为化合物可如何制备的非限制性实例。
方法A至C显示了本发明化合物的制备。后面描述了生成中间体的有用的方法。
式(I)化合物的制备
方案1
方法A
根据方案1可以通过使用溶剂(诸如DMSO、乙醇或四氢呋喃)以及碱(诸如LiOH、KOH或NaOH)在室温下或者加热几小时制备式(I)化合物。如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方法B
可以根据方案1在室温下制备式(I)化合物,或者通过使用溶剂(诸如水、DMSO、乙醇或四氢呋喃)加热以及酸的水溶液加热几小时制备式(I)化合物。如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案2
方法C
根据方案2可由卤化物或三氟甲磺酸酯(X=卤素,OTf)通过使用溶剂(诸如甲苯或四氢呋喃),碱(诸如碳酸铯或叔丁醇钾丁醇),催化剂(诸如钯络合物),任选的盐(诸如氯化锂)和一氧化碳,在室温下或者通过加热达几个小时制备式(I)化合物。如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
制备用于式(I)化合物的中间体
方案3
方法D
根据方案3可由2-甲酰基吡啶在一锅法或通过分步过程通过用胺(任选地含有正交(orthogonal)保护的反应位点)以及还原剂(诸如NaBH4、NaCNBH3,或Et3SiH加入NaBH(OAc)3)混合,通过使用溶剂(诸如乙醇、DCE、DCM、水或者甲苯),任选地加入催化剂(诸如酸或路易斯酸)在室温下或者通过加热达几个小时制备中间体(I)。任选地,保护基团可以被除去,如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案4
方法E
根据方案4,类似于方法D可由2-甲酰基吡啶制备中间体(ii)。
方案5
方法F
根据方案5可由(iii)(其中R'是合适的保护基团或是R1),通过使用溶剂(诸如DMF或THF),碱(诸如受阻叔胺),脱水剂(诸如EDCI或DCC)以及胺,且在室温或高于室温下通过混合达几个小时制备中间体(iv)。任选地,所述保护基可去除,并且如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案6
方法G
根据方案6,类似于方法F可由(v)制备中间体(vi)
方案7
方法H
根据方案7,中间体(viii)来制备从(vii),其中R'是适宜的保护基团或是R1且R”是正交保护基团,其可以被选择性地移除,诸如去除的R”:在tBU'的R'存在:CF3CO在溶剂中(诸如二氯甲烷)通过用三氟在室温下处理几个小时。如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案8
方法I
根据方案8,类似于方法H可由(ix)制备中间体(x)。
方案9
方法J
根据方案9,可由醛和中间体(xi)以一锅法或分步过程通过混合胺(R':R 1或合适的保护基)和还原剂(诸如NaBH4、NaBH(OAc)3、NaCNBH3或Et3SiH),通过使用溶剂(诸如乙醇、DCE、DCM、水或者甲苯),任选加入催化剂(诸如酸或路易斯酸),在室温下或者通过加热达几个小时制备中间体(xii)。任选地,保护基团可以被除去;如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方法K
根据方案9,可由(xi)通过使用溶剂(诸如DMF或THF)、任选的碱和合适的亲电子类物(诸如环氧化物、脂族的、烯丙基的或苄基的溴化物、氯化物或磺酸盐)制备中间体(xii)。如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案10
方法L
根据方案10,类似于方法J可由(xiii)制备中间体(xiv)。
方法M
根据方案10,类似于方法K可由(xiii)制备中间体(xiv)。
方案11
方法N
根据方案11,可由中间体(xv)以一锅法或以分步过程通过混合胺(任选地含有正交保护的反应位点),以及还原剂(诸如NaBH4、NaBH(OAc)3、NaCNBH3或Et3SiH),通过使用溶(剂诸如乙醇、DCE、DCM、水或者甲苯),任选地加入催化剂(诸如酸或路易斯酸),在室温下或者通过加热达几个小时制备中间体(xvi)。任选地,保护基团可以被除去,且如果需要,采用纯化方法,诸如硅胶色谱法。
方案12
方法O
根据方案12,类似于方法N可由中间体(xvii)制备中间体(xviii)。
抑制效果
本发明人惊奇地发现,如本文所定义的式(I)化合物对一种或多种HDME的活性具有抑制效果。在这方面,所述一种或多种HDME可以是任意HDME,然而优选的一种或多种HDME选自JmjC(Jumonji)家族,更优选的一种或多种HDME是人类JmjC家族的HDME,并且甚至更优选的属于KDM6、KDM5、KDM4或KDM2家族的HDME。本发明还涉及如本文所定义的式(I)化合物用于抑制HDMEs的方法。该方法包括将细胞与式(I)化合物接触。在一个相关的实施方案中,所述方法进一步规定,该化合物以有效地产生足以抑制细胞中组蛋白的脱甲基作用的浓度的量存在。
因此,优选地,以所述HDME对组蛋白底物脱甲基作用的试验中,优选的式(I)化合物是能够降低或优选地抑制所述HDME的脱甲基作用的化合物。所述组蛋白底物可以是任意组蛋白,但优选是组蛋白H3或其片段,甚至更优选:含有H3的K4、K9、K27、或K36片段。优选地,所述抑制是由所述脱甲基作用试验中的所述式(I)化合物的IC50来确定。
相对于以任意HDME对任意所述组蛋白底物的脱甲基作用,优选的式(I)化合物的IC50为1μM或以下,更优选小于300nM,例如小于100nM,诸如小于50nM。而相对于至少一个赖氨酸甲基化的组蛋白H3的脱甲基作非常优选的式(I)化合物的IC50为1μM或以下,更优选小于500nM,例如小于100nM,诸如小于50nM。
在一优选的实施方案中,如本文以下在实施例2中描述来确定IC50。因此,当所述IC50以本文以及本文以下的实施例中描述的来确定所述IC50,特别优选的的式(I)化合物的IC50为1μM或以下,更优选小于500nM,例如小于100nM,诸如小于50nM。
特别优选的式(I)化合物是在异种移植模型中测试时导致肿瘤尺寸减小和/或转移数量减少的化合物(Morton and Houghton,Nature Protocols,2(2)247-250,2007)。
药物组合物
本发明的一个方面中,提供了一种药物组合物,其包含作为有效成分的至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物,和任选的一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂和/或载体。式(I)化合物可以单独地或与药学上可接受的载体,稀释剂或赋形剂,以单剂量或多剂量组合施用。合适的药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和赋形剂包括惰性固体稀释剂或填充剂,无菌水溶液和各种有机溶剂。
可以药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂以及任何其它已知的佐剂和赋形剂,根据常规技术配制该药物组合物,所述常规技术为诸如那些在Remington公开:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy,第21版,2000,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins。
如本文定义的的式(I)化合物与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂组合所形成的药物组合物可以容易地以各种剂型施用,诸如片剂、粉剂、锭剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、注射剂等。在粉剂中,载体是细微的固体,诸如滑石或淀粉,其与细微的活性组分在混合物中。在片剂中,将活性成分与具有合适比例具有必要粘合性质的载体混合,并压制成所需的形状和大小。
可以制备通过任何合适的途径,诸如口服和肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、鞘内、静脉内和皮内)途径施用的药物组合物。应当理解,优选的途径取决于对象的一般状况和年龄到被处理,待治疗的病症的性质和活性成分选择。
用于口服施用的药物组合物包括固体剂型,诸如胶囊剂、片剂、锭剂、丸剂、锭剂、粉剂和颗粒剂。在适当情况下,它们可以包括包衣,诸如肠溶包衣来制备,或者它们可以根据本领域中公知的方法来制备,以提供活性成分控制释放,诸如持续或延长释放。
对于片剂和胶囊形式的口服施用,如本文所定义的式(I)化合物可以适当地与口服的、无毒的、药学上可接受的载体诸如乙醇、甘油、水等组合。此外,视情况,也可以将合适的粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、调味剂和着色剂加入到混合物中。合适的粘合剂包括,例如,乳糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、明胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯乙二醇、蜡或类似物。润滑剂包括,例如,油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括,例如,淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶、淀粉羟乙酸钠、交聚维酮、羧甲基纤维素钠等。其他胶囊的辅料,包括聚乙二醇或脂类。
对于固体组合物的制备诸如片剂,混合活性的式(I)化合物与一种或多种赋形剂,诸如上述的那些,以及其他药物稀释剂,诸如水,以制备含有均匀的式(I)化合物的混合物的固体预制剂组合物。术语“均匀的”应理解为是指式(I)化合物被均匀地分散在整个组合物中,使得组合物可以容易地再分割成同等有效的单位剂型形式,诸如片剂或胶囊。
用于口服或胃肠外施用式(I)化合物的液体组合物包括,例如,水性溶液、糖浆、酏剂、水性或油性悬浮液,以及有食用油的乳剂,诸如棉籽油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油。用于含水的悬浮液合适的分散剂或悬浮剂包括合成的或天然的树胶,诸如黄蓍胶、藻酸盐、阿拉伯胶、葡聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、明胶、甲基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
用于肠胃外施用的药物组合物包括无菌含水的和不含税的注射溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液以及在使用前重构为无菌注射溶液或分散剂的无菌粉末。对于肠胃外施用可以采用,包含在芝麻油或花生油、含水丙烯二醇中的或在无菌含水溶液中的式(I)化合物的溶液。如果需要,这样的含水溶液应适当地缓冲,而首先以足够的生理盐水或葡萄糖使液体稀释剂等渗。这些特定的水溶液特别适合于静脉内、肌内、皮下和腹膜内给药。油性溶液适于关节内、肌内和皮下注射的用途。
在无菌条件下所有这些溶液的制备很容易通过本领域技术人员公知的的标准制药技术完成。
贮库可注射组合物也涵盖在本发明的范围之内。
除了上述成分,式(I)化合物的组合物可包括一种或多种其它成分诸如稀释剂、缓冲液、调味剂、着色剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、防腐剂,例如甲基羟基苯甲酸甲酯(包括抗氧化剂)、乳化剂等。
式(Ⅰ)化合物的合适剂量将取决于患者的年龄和症状,待治疗的疾病的严重程度和执业医师熟知的其他因素。根据不同的给药方案,例如每天或以间隔,诸如每周一次,可以通过例如口服、肠胃外或局部施用该化合物。在一般的单剂量为0.01至100mg/kg体重,优选约0.05至75mg/kg体重,更优选0.1至50mg/kg体重,且最优选0.1至25mg/kg体重。化合物可以以大剂量(bolus)(即整日剂量一次施用)或每天两次或更多次的分剂量施用。可由普通技术医师考虑已知的考虑因素诸如体重、年龄、和待治疗人的症状,痛苦的严重程度,以及给药的具体途径来确定基于前述的剂量范围的变化。
式(I)化合物还可以制备于药物组合物中,该药物组合物单独包含一种或多种其它活性物质,或以单剂量或多剂量与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂组合。合适的药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和赋形剂如上文所述,并且所述一种或多种其它活性物质可以是任以活性物质,或者优选地如下文“组合治疗”部分所描述的活性物质。
临床症状和化合物的其他用途
如本文所定义的式(I)化合物可用于治疗的HDME依赖性疾病、病症或症状的用途。治疗可以包括向哺乳动物,优选人,更优选罹患HDME依赖性疾病的人,施用治疗有效量的如本文所定义的式(I)化合物。
所述HDME可以是任意HDME,但是本方法优选的HDME选自JmjC(Jumonji)家族,如在Cloos等人,Genes&Development 22,1115-1140,2008中描述的,其全部作为参考在此引入。更优选所述HDME是人类JmjC家族的HDME。
本发明还涉及如本文所定义的式(I)化合物用于HDME依赖性疾病的治疗中的用途,诸如用于癌症治疗。术语“HDME依赖性疾病”是指至少在一些疾病的情况下以提高HDME表达和/或活性为特征的任意疾病,或是通过降低HDME的活性而改善的疾病。因此,这种疾病以HDME抑制剂(即式(I)化合物)治疗,所述疾病可以是增生性或过度增生性疾病,其包括良性或恶性肿瘤,例如所述增生性或过度增生性疾病选自脑的、肾的、肝的、肾上腺的、膀胱的、乳腺癌、胃的(例如胃肿瘤)、卵巢的、食道的、结肠的、直肠的、前列腺癌的、胰腺的、肺的、阴道的、甲状腺的癌症、肉瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、多发性骨髓瘤或胃肠癌,例如结肠癌或结肠直肠腺瘤,或颈部和头部的肿瘤,表皮过度增生,例如,银屑病、前列腺增生,瘤形成,包括上皮性质的瘤形成,包括乳腺癌,和白血病。
在一个实施方案中,如本文所定义的式(I)化合物可用于一种或多种癌症的治疗。术语“癌症”是指引起肿瘤细胞增殖的任意癌症,诸如实体瘤、肿瘤、癌、肉瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤等。尤其是,可由本发明的化合物、组合物和方法治疗的癌症包括,但不限于:心脏的:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤)、粘液瘤、横纹肌瘤、纤维瘤、脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤;肺的:支气管肺癌(鳞状细胞,未分化小细胞未分化大细胞腺癌)、肺泡(支气管)癌、支气管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、软骨瘤性错构瘤、间皮瘤;胃肠:食道(鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤),胃(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤),胰腺(导管腺癌、胰岛瘤、胰高血糖素、胃泌素瘤、类癌肿瘤、舒血管肠肽瘤),小肠(腺癌、淋巴瘤、类癌、Karposi肉瘤、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、神经纤维瘤、纤维瘤),大肠癌(腺癌、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、错构瘤、平滑肌瘤);泌尿生殖系统的:肾(腺癌、肾母细胞瘤、肾母细胞瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病),膀胱和尿道(鳞状细胞癌、移行细胞癌、腺癌),前列腺癌(腺癌、肉瘤),睾丸(精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎癌、畸胎癌、绒毛膜癌、肉瘤、间质细胞癌、纤维瘤、纤维腺瘤、腺瘤样瘤、脂肪瘤);肝的:肝癌(肝细胞癌)、胆管癌、肝母细胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝细胞腺瘤、血管瘤;骨:成骨肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纤维肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、软骨肉瘤、尤因氏肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤(网状细胞肉瘤)、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性巨细胞瘤脊索瘤、骨软骨瘤(骨软骨外生骨疣)、良性软骨瘤、软骨母细胞瘤、软骨粘液纤维瘤,骨质骨瘤和巨细胞瘤;神经系统的:头骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽肿、黄色瘤、变形性骨炎),脑膜(脑膜瘤、脑膜肉瘤、胶质瘤),脑(星形细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、生殖[松果体瘤]、多形胶质母细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞、神经鞘瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、先天性肿瘤),脊髓(神经纤维瘤、脑膜瘤、胶质瘤、肉瘤);妇科的:子宫(子宫内膜癌),子宫颈(宫颈癌、前期肿瘤宫颈不典型增生),卵巢(卵巢癌,浆液性囊腺癌、粘液性囊腺癌,未分类癌、卵巢颗粒-卵泡膜细胞瘤、睾丸间质细胞瘤,无性细胞瘤,恶性畸胎瘤),外阴(鳞状细胞癌,上皮内癌,腺癌,肉瘤,黑色素瘤),阴道(透明细胞癌,鳞状细胞癌、肉瘤葡萄状(胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤)、输卵管(癌);血液系统:血液(急性髓性白血病、慢性髓细胞性白血病、急性淋巴性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征),霍奇金病,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(恶性淋巴瘤);皮肤:恶性黑素瘤、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、Karposi氏肉瘤、摩尔发育不良痣、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、皮肤纤维瘤、瘢痕疙瘩、牛皮癣;以及肾上腺:神经母细胞瘤。
在一实施方案中,如本文所定义的式(I)化合物可用于治疗一种或多种癌症,所述癌症选自:包括急性白血病和慢性白血病的白血病,诸如急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)、急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、慢性髓细胞性白血病(CML)和毛细胞白血病;淋巴瘤,诸如皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL),非皮肤外周T细胞淋巴瘤、与人T细胞亲淋巴性病毒相关淋巴瘤(HTLV),诸如成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(ATLL)、霍奇金病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤、大细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL);伯基特淋巴瘤;间皮瘤、原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)淋巴瘤;多发性骨髓瘤;儿童实体瘤,诸如脑肿瘤、神经母细胞瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、肾母细胞瘤、骨肿瘤、软组织肉瘤、成人常见的实体瘤,诸如头颈部癌(例如,口腔癌、喉癌和食管癌)、生殖泌尿癌(例如,前列腺癌,膀胱癌,肾癌,子宫癌,卵巢癌,睾丸癌,直肠癌和结肠癌)、肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、黑素瘤和其它皮肤癌、胃癌、脑肿瘤、肝癌和甲状腺癌。
在另一非常优选的实施方案中,如本文所定义式(I)化合物用于鳞状细胞癌的治疗。优选所述鳞状细胞癌是鳞状上皮癌类型的癌,其可能会出现在许多不同的器官,包括皮肤、嘴唇、口腔、食道、膀胱、前列腺、肺、阴道和子宫颈;脑肿瘤,即神经母细胞瘤,胶质母细胞瘤和其他恶性和良性脑肿瘤;乳腺癌、胰腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤。
在又一个实施方案中,如本文所定义的式(I)化合物可用于治疗脑癌、成人肿瘤,诸如头颈部癌(例如,口腔癌、喉癌和食管癌)、生殖泌尿癌肿瘤(例如,前列腺瘤、膀胱瘤、肾脏瘤、子宫瘤、卵巢瘤、睾丸瘤、直肠瘤。
式(I)化合物用于能在在斯特德曼医学词典(Stedman’s Medical Dictionary)(Lippincott Williams和Wilkins,第28版,2005)中找到的其他癌症形式的治疗,在此将其全部引入作为参考。
在再一相关实施方案中,由以如本文所定义的式(I)化合物治疗的疾病选自由永久增殖性或过度增殖性病症的治疗诸如血管生成,诸如银屑病;卡波氏肉瘤;再狭窄,例如,支架再狭窄所致;子宫内膜异位症;霍奇金病;白血病;血管瘤;血管纤维瘤;眼部疾病,诸如新生血管性青光眼;肾脏疾病,诸如肾小球肾炎;恶性肾硬化;血栓性微血管病综合征;移植排斥和肾小球;纤维变性疾病,诸如肝硬化;系膜细胞增生性疾病;神经组织的损伤;以及在球囊导管治疗后抑制血管再闭塞,用于在血管修复术或插入机械装置后保持血管张开,诸如,例如,支架,作为免疫抑制剂,作为无疤痕伤口愈合和治疗老年斑和接触性皮炎的辅助。
式(I)化合物适合用来作为在药物组合物中的活性剂,式(I)化合物对治疗细胞增殖性或过度增殖性疾病和/或失调的基因表达相关的疾病特别有效。这样的药物组合物具有治疗有效量的式(Ⅰ)化合物以及其它药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体和稀释剂。如本文所用的术语“治疗有效量”表示施用于对象或者细胞、组织或对象的器官,以达到治疗效果所必需的量,所述达到治疗效果是指诸如改善或替代地治疗效果,例如抗肿瘤作用,例如减少或优选抑制恶性癌细胞、良性肿瘤细胞或其它增值性细胞的增殖,或任意其他HDME依赖性疾病。
本发明的另一方面是药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的至少一种如本文所定义的式(I)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药,并与至少一种其他抗肿瘤剂,以及药学可接受的赋形剂、载体或稀释剂组合。
治疗方法
本发明进一步的方面涉及一种在对象中治疗疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述对象施用治疗有效量的至少一种本文所定义的式(I)化合物。所述疾病可以是如本文所述的任何疾病或病症,诸如例如在“HDME依赖性疾病”部分提到的,并且该化合物可以单独或在药物组合物中施用,诸如例如“药物组合物”部分提到的。
因此,本发明还涉及用作药物的如本文所定义的式(I)化合物。
除非另有说明,如本文所使用的术语“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指逆转、减轻、抑制(此类术语应用的)疾病、病症或症状,或这些的疾病、病症或症状一种或多种症候的进程,或预防(此类术语应用的)该疾病、病症或症状,或这些的疾病、病症或症状一种或多种症候,并且包括式(I)化合物的施用,以预防症候或并发症的发作,或减轻症候或并发症,或消除疾病、症状或病症。优选的,治疗是有疗效的或得到改善。
在本发明该方面的一优选实施方案中,所述方法是一种在对象中治疗HDME依赖性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述对象施用治疗有效量的如本文所定义的的式(I)化合物至需要这样治疗的对象。如上文所述的HDME依赖性疾病可以是任意的HDME依赖性疾病。优选的HDME依赖性疾病是鳞状细胞癌或任意其他的上述癌症症状。
因此,本发明还涉及如本文所定义的式(I)化合物用于HDME依赖性疾病的治疗的用途,诸如用于治疗癌症。
此外,本发明涉及如本文所定义的式(I)化合物在制备用于HDME依赖性疾病治疗的药物组合物的用途。
在一治疗HDME依赖性疾病的实施方案中,将如本文所定义的式(I)化合物与一种或多种其它活性物质组合施用。该活性物质可以是任意的活性物质,且优选如上文“联合治疗”部分所述活性物质。更优选所述一种或多种附加的活性物质选自抗增殖剂或抗肿瘤剂。
联合治疗
式(I)化合物也有利地用于与一种或多种其它抗增殖剂或抗肿瘤剂的组合使用。这样的抗增殖剂包括但不限于:其它HDME抑制剂,蛋白酶体抑制剂,包括硼替佐米(Valcade)和来那度胺,芳香酶抑制剂;抗雌激素;拓扑异构体酶I抑制剂;拓扑异构体酶II抑制剂;微管活性剂;烷化剂;组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂;化合物诱导细胞分化过程;环化酶抑制剂;MMP抑制剂;mTOR抑制剂;抗肿瘤抗代谢药物;铂化合物;靶向/降低蛋白质或脂质激酶活性的化合物和其他抗血管生成化合物;靶向、降低或抑制蛋白质或脂质磷酸酶活性的化合物;戈那瑞林激动剂;抗雄激素;血管抑制类固醇;蛋氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂;双膦酸盐;生物反应调节剂;抗增殖的抗体;肝素酶抑制剂;Ras致癌亚型抑制剂;端粒酶抑制剂;蛋白酶体抑制剂;对恶性血液病的治疗用剂;化合物靶向、降低或抑制Flt-3的活性;HSP90抑制剂;替莫唑胺(TEMOD AL(R));亚叶酸;免疫刺激剂,诸如BCG、IL-2或IFN-α,抗体,诸如利妥昔单抗或赫赛汀和癌症疫苗。
如本文所定义的式(I)化合物,也有利地用于与已知的治疗过程组合使用,例如,激素的施用或肿瘤细胞破坏方法,特别是电离辐射。
如本文所定义的式(I)化合物也可以用作放射增敏剂,包括,例如,显示出对放疗敏感性差的肿瘤的治疗。
术语“组合”是指在一个剂量单位形式中的固定组合,或用于组合施用的试剂盒,其中式(I)化合物和组合药物的可独立地同时施用或在时间间隔内分别施用,特别是使得组合药物表现出协力效果的,例如协同效果的时间间隔,或它们的任意组合。
如本文所用短语“芳香酶抑制剂”涉及抑制雌激素产生的化合物,即分别地转化底物雄烯二酮和睾酮至雌酮和雌二醇的化合物。该术语包括,但不限于类固醇,特别是阿他美坦、依西美坦和福美坦,尤其是非类固醇,特别是是氨鲁米特、吡鲁米特、吡曲洛司坦、睾内酯、伏氯唑、法倔唑、阿那曲唑和来曲唑。可以施用依西美坦,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为AROMASIN。可以施用福美坦,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为兰他隆。可以施用法倔唑,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为AFEMA。可以施用阿那曲唑,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ARIMIDEX。可以施用来曲唑,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为FEMARA或FEMAR。可以施用氨基格鲁米特,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ORIMETEN。本发明的包括化学治疗剂(该化学治疗剂是芳香酶抑制剂)的组合特别适用于激素受体阳性肿瘤,例如乳腺肿瘤的治疗。
如本文所用术语“抗雌激素药”涉及在雌激素受体水平拮抗雌激素作用的化合物。该术语包括,但不限于,他莫昔芬、氟维司群、雷洛昔芬和盐酸雷洛昔芬。可以施用他莫昔芬,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为NOLVADEX。可以施用盐酸雷洛昔芬,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为EVISTA。可以根据US4659516的公开配制氟维司群,或者它可以以其市场上销售的形式施用,例如,商标为FASLODEX。本发明的包括化学治疗剂(该化学治疗剂是抗雌激素)的组合,特别适用于雌激素受体阳性肿瘤,例如乳腺肿瘤的治疗。
如本文所用的术语“抗雄激素”涉及能够抑制雄性激素的生物效应的任意物质,并且包括,但不限于,比卡鲁胺(CASODEX),其可以根据配制US4636505的公开配制。
如本文所用短语“促性激素释放素激动剂”包括,但不限于,阿巴瑞克、戈舍瑞林和醋酸戈舍瑞林。戈舍瑞林公开于US4,100,274且可施用戈舍瑞林,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ZOLADEX。可以根据例如,US5843901的公开配制阿巴瑞克。
本文所用短语“拓扑异构酶I抑制剂”,包括但不限于,托泊替康、吉马替康、伊立替康、喜树碱及其类似物,9-硝基喜树碱和大分子喜树碱共轭物PNU-166148(WO99/17804中的化合物A1)。可以施用伊立替康,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为CAMPTOSAR。可以施用托泊替康,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为HYCAMTIN。
如本文所用短语“拓扑异构酶II抑制剂”包括,但不限于,蒽环类,诸如多柔比星(包括脂质体制剂,例如CAELYX)、柔红霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星和奈莫柔比星,蒽醌类米托蒽醌和洛索蒽醌,以及鬼臼毒素类依托泊苷和替尼泊苷。可以施用依托泊苷,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ETOPOPHOS。可以施用替尼泊苷,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为VM26-BRISTOL。可以施用多柔比星,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ADRIBLASTIN或ADRIAMYCIN。可以施用表阿霉素,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,以商标FARMORUBICIN。可以施用伊达比星,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ZAVEDOS。可以施用米托蒽醌,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为NOVANTRON。
短语“微管活性剂”涉及微管稳定化,微管去稳定剂和微管蛋白聚合抑制剂,包括但不限于紫杉烷类,例如紫杉醇和多西他赛,长春花生物碱,例如长春碱,包括硫酸长春碱、长春新碱,包括硫酸长春新碱,和长春瑞滨,圆皮海绵内酯、秋水仙碱和埃博霉素及其衍生物,例如埃坡霉素B或D或其衍生物。可以施用紫杉醇例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,紫杉醇。可以施用多西他赛,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为TAXOTERE。可以施用硫酸长春碱,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,可以施用商标为VINBLASTIN RP的硫酸长春新碱,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为FARMISTIN。可以根据例如US5,010,099的公开,得到海绵内酯。还包括在WO 98/10121、US 6,194,181、WO 98/25929、WO 98/08849、WO 99/43653、WO 98/22461和WO 00/31247中公开的埃博霉素的衍生物。包括埃博霉素A和/或B。
本文所用短语“烷基化剂”包括,但不限于,环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑或亚硝基脲(BCNU或Gliadel)。可以施用环磷酰胺,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为CYCLOSTIN。可以施用异环磷酰胺,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为HOLOXAN。
短语“组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂”或“HDAC抑制剂”涉及抑制被称为组蛋白脱乙酰酶类的至少一种的化合物,以且该化合物通常具有抗增殖活性。先前公开的HDAC抑制剂包括公开于,例如,WO02/22577的化合物,其包括N-羟基-3-[4-{[(2-羟基乙基)[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基]-氨基]甲基]苯基]-2E-2-丙烯酰胺,N-羟基-3-[4-[[[2-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基氨基]-]甲基]苯基]-2E-2-丙烯酰胺及其药学上可接受的盐。其进一步包括辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)。其它公开披露的HDAC抑制剂包括丁酸和其衍生物,所述衍生物包括钠苯基丁酸、沙利度胺、曲古抑菌素A和肌钙蛋白。
术语“抗肿瘤抗代谢物”包括,但不限于,5-氟尿嘧啶或5-FU、卡培他滨、吉西他滨,DNA脱甲基剂,诸如5-氮杂胞苷和地西他滨,甲氨蝶呤和依达曲沙,以及叶酸拮抗剂诸如培美曲塞。可以施用卡培他滨,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为XELODA。可以施用吉西他滨,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为GEMZAR。还包括可以施用的单克隆抗体曲妥单抗,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为HERCEPTIN。
如本文所用短语“铂化合物”包括,但不限于,卡铂、铂化合物、顺铂和奥沙利铂。可以施用卡铂,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为CARBOPLAT。可以施用奥沙利铂,例如,以其市场上销售的形式,例如,商标为ELOXATIN。
肿瘤细胞损害的方法是指诸如电离辐射的方法。上文提到的和下文的短语“电离辐射”是指,发生作为电磁射线(诸如X射线和γ射线)或粒子(诸如α和β粒子)的电离辐射。提供的电离辐射,但不限于,放射疗法和本领域已知的。参见,例如,Hellman,Principlesof Radiation Therapy,Cancer,in Principles and Practice of Oncology,Devita等人,Eds.,4th Edition,Vol.1,pp.248-275(1993)。
如本文所用短语“血管生成抑制类固醇”是指阻断或抑制血管生成的试剂,诸如,例如阿奈可他、曲安西龙、氢化可的松、11-α-氢化可的松、11-脱氧皮醇、17-α羟孕酮、皮质酮、去氧皮质酮、睾酮、雌酮和地塞米松。
其它化疗剂包括但不限于植物生物碱,激素剂和拮抗剂;生物反应调节剂,优选淋巴因子或干扰素;反义寡核苷酸或寡核苷酸衍生物;或其他药物或带有其他或未知的机制的药物。
通过代码号标识活性剂的结构,通用名或商品名称可以采取标准摘要默克索引(The Merck Index)”或由数据库的实际版本例如专利国际(例如,IMS世界出版物)。
可用于与式(I)化合物组合的上述的化合物可以如现有技术诸如以上引用的文件所述进行制备和施用。
此外,可在分析组蛋白脱甲基酶的功能和结构相似性的方法中使用本发明的化合物,包括采用至少两种组蛋白脱甲基酶的一实验组和至少两种式1化合物的另一实验组,并确定每个所述式1的化合物抑制每个所述组蛋白脱甲基酶活性的程度,并生成一个相似性指数,该指数反映通过所述化合物对于组蛋白脱甲基酶的抑制的相似性。
实施例
实施例1:式(I)化合物的实例
一般方法和材料
利用Micromass Quattro的终极质谱仪,在电喷射正(ES+)或负(ES-)离子模式下获得低分辨率的ES(电喷射)质谱。以Bruker AM-300光谱仪记录1H-NMR光谱,并使用剩余的未氘化溶剂作为内参照进行校准。光谱使用Spinworks 2.5版本(Kirk Marat博士,化学系,Manitoba开发)进行。以Waters 2996配光电二极管阵列检测器、Waters 600控制器、Waters100泵和Waters 717自动进样器,伴随254nm和280nm下的紫外检测进行制备的HPLC。流速:15mL/分钟,运行时间为30分钟。溶剂:0-100%(H2O-MeOH),加入或未加入TFA(0.1%)。使用的柱子为Supelco C18,有25cm×21.2mm,粒度10微米。
以下表1显示了本发明化合物的实例,并显示了合成它们可能采用的路径。所有化学品由Sigma-Aldrich,Alfa Aesar、Matrix、Combiblock、Oakwood和Chembridge公司购买。无水溶剂为Aldrich Sure/SealTM品牌的。所有反应均在干燥的氮气氛下使用干燥溶剂进行。反应通过Sigma-Aldrich公司0.25毫米硅胶板薄层层析(荧光指示剂)进行监测。斑点在UV光下(254nm)可视。快速柱色谱法是在Biotage柱SNAP快速系统上,或者由Silicycle Inc.获得的硅胶60(粒径0.032-0.063毫米)中进行,低分辨率的ES(电喷雾)质谱使用的Micromass Quattro的终极质谱仪中所获得的电正(ES+)或负(ES-)离子模式。1H-NMR光谱记录在Bruker AM-300光谱仪,并使用剩余的未氘化溶剂作为内参照进行校准。光谱使用Spinworks 2.5版本(由Kirk博士马拉,化学系,马尼托巴大学开发)处理。制备液相色谱在254和280纳米的水域进行2996与光电二极管阵列检测器,沃特斯600控制器,沃特斯100泵和Waters 717自动进样器,紫外检测。流速:15毫升/分钟,运行时间为30分钟。溶剂:0-100%(H 2O-MeOH中),有和没有加入TFA(0.1%)。用柱Supelco公司C18,有25厘米×21.2毫米,粒度10微米。
类似于Queguiner,G.和Pastour,P.(Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences,Serie C:Sciences Chimiques(1969),268(2),182-5)以制备2-甲酰基吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯。
如下所示表1中的化合物的示意性的制备方法。
2-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#2)
合成路线A
常规程序A(酯的水解)
将所述酯(2-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(a))溶解于MeOH-THF-H2O(1:1:1),并加入LiOH(1.0当量)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物,并以TLC监测。通过真空去除溶剂。通过在水中溶解并以Et2O萃取进行。将水相基础层以1N HCl酸化至pH 1,并浓缩所述溶液至干燥以提供无色固体的标题化合物盐酸盐。
1H NMR(300MHz,甲醇-d4),ppm:8.82(dd,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.94(dd,1H),4.58(s,2H),3.63(m,4H),3.0(s,6H).
ES-MS:224[M+1].
2-({[2-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#13)
合成路线B
通过常规程序A由2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[2-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(e)制备。以Et2O通过对固体残留物进行研磨以得到白色粉末的标题化合物盐酸盐。
1H-NMR(300MHz,MeOH-d4):δ8.4(d,1H),7.7(s,1H),7.6(d,1H),3.7(s,2H),4.0(s,2H),3.4(m,6H),1.5(m,4H).
2-{[(3-{[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}丙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸(#21)
合成路线C
通过常规程序A由2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-{[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(j)制备。获得白色粘性固体的标题化合物盐酸盐。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ8.72(d,1H),7.96(s,1H),7.90(d,1H),4.48(s,2H),3.60(m,4H),2.92-3.25(m,8H),1.84-2.25(m,8H).
ES-MS:321.40[M+H].
2-({[(3R)-1-(3-苯基丙基)吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#28)
合成路线D
通过常规程序A由2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[(3R)-1-(3-苯基丙基)吡咯烷-3-基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(n)制备。在通过以最少量的水溶解残留物且以DCM萃取进行后分离锂盐。蒸发所述水相至干燥获得白色固体的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.50(d,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.65(d,1H),7.20(m,5H),3.85(s,2H),3.1-2.4(m,8H),2.25(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),1.90-1.55(m,3H).
ES-MS:340[M+1].
2-({[({1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#29)
合成路线E
通过常规程序A由2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[({1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(q),使用2当量LiOH制备。通过以最少量的水溶解残留物且以DCM萃取进行后分离锂盐。蒸发所述水相至干燥获得白色固体的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.54(d,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.65(d,1H),7.26(m,2H),6.94(m,2H),3.90(s,2H),3.85(s,3H),3.72(m,3H),3.62(s,2H),3.24(s,2H),2.94(m,2H),2.24(m,2H),1.90(m,3H),1.60(m,2H).
ES-MS:411[M-H].
2-({[({4-[苄基(环丙基)氨基]丁基}(甲基)氨基甲酰)甲基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#44)
合成路线F
通过常规程序A由2-({N-[({4-苄基(环丙基)氨基]丁基}(甲基)氨基甲酰)甲基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(u),使用2.5当量LiOH制备。通过以最少量的水溶解残留物且以DCM萃取进行后分离锂盐。蒸发所述水相至干燥获得白色固体的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.50(d,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.70(d,1H),7.25(m,5H),3.90(s,2H),3.70s,2H),3.50-3.40(m,3H),2.25(m,1H),2.95(s,3H),2.55(m,2H),1.75(m,1H),1.50(m,4H),0.50(m,2H),0.40(m,2H).
ES-MS:425[M+1].
2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}-N-(吡啶-4-基)吡啶-4-甲酰胺(#75)
合成路线G
通过常规程序D由N-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)-N-({4-[(吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰]吡啶-2-基}甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(y)制备以得到黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.73(d,2H),8.44(d,2H),8.02(d,2H),6.85(d,1H),4.62(s,2H),4.30(s,2H),3.83(t,2H),3.33-3.31(m,4H),2.99(s,6H),1.26(t,3H).
ES-MS:486[M+1]
2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸4-氧代戊烷-2-基酯(#62)
合成路线H
通过常规程序D由2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸4-氧代戊烷-2-基酯(aa)以得到无色油状标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.75(d,1H),7.90-8.10(m,2H),5.50(m,1H),4.50(s,2H),4.25(s,2H),3.75(m,2H),1.20-1.50(m,6H).
ES-MS:393[M+1]
2-({乙基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(#81)
合成路线I
通过常规程序A由2-({乙基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯制备以得到黄色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ8.48(d,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.70(d,1H),3.80(s,2H),3.47(m,4H),3.36(s,2H),2.63(q,2H),1.54(m,6H),1.10(t,3H).
ES-MS:306[M+1]
中间体
2-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(a)
常规程序B(还原胺化)
将醛(2-甲酰基吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯)(1.0当量)和胺(N1,N1-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺)(1.0当量)的混合物,在1,2-二氯乙烷中加入AcOH(1.0当量),接着加入NaBH(OAc)3(2.5当量),在室温下搅拌混合物,过夜。处理含水溶液(EtOAc/NaHCO3)并通过柱色谱法纯化(CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH,90:10:1)以生成无色胶状的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,甲醇-d4):δ8.68(dd,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.67(dd,1H),4.34(q,2H),3.87(s,2H),2.58(t,2H),2.33(t,2H),2.11(s,6H),1.32(t,3H).
2-({[2-(叔-丁氧基)-2-氧代乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(b)
通过常规程序B由2-甲酰基吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯和2-氨基乙酸叔丁基酯制备。通过柱色谱法(EtOAc/己烷)分离黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,MeOH-d4):δ8.7(d,1H),7.8(s,1H),7.7(d,1H),4.4(s,2H),4.3(q,2),3.8(s,2H),3.3(s,2H),1.4(s,(H),1.3(t,3H)
ES-MS:295[M+1].
2-{[(3-羟丙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(f)
通过常规程序B由2-甲酰基吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯和3-氨基丙烷-1-醇制备。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),ppm:8.72(d,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.75(d,1H),4.45(q,2H),3.95(s,2H),3.70(t,2H),2.80(t,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.40(t,3H).
2-({[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(k)
通过常规程序B由2-甲酰基吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯和(3R)-3-氨基吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯制备。通过柱色谱法(MeOH/DCM)获得绿色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(d,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.74(d,1H),4.50(q,2H),4.00(s,2H),3.60-3.33(m 4H),3.25(m,1H),2.09(m,1H),1.90-1.72(m,2H),1.46(s,9H),1.41(t,3H).
ES-MS:350[M+1]
2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-{[3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙基]氨基}丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(j)
通过常规程序B由2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-氧代丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(I)和3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙烷-1-胺制备。通过柱色谱法(MeOH/DCM)获得标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.66(dd,1H),7.95(s,1H),7.78(dd,1H),4.42(q,2H),3.98(s,2H),3.56(m,4H),2.42-2.75(m,8H),1.86(m,8H),1.40(t,3H).
2-{[N-({[4-(环丙基氨基)丁基](甲基)氨基甲酰}甲基)-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(t)
通过常规程序B由2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[甲基(4-氧代丁基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(s)和环丙基胺制备。通过柱色谱法(EtOAc/己烷)获得黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(dd,1H),7.85(ss,1H),7.74(dd,1H),4.95(dd,2H),4.40(q,2H),4.32(ss,2H),3.31(m,1H),3.25(m,1H),2.90(s,3H),2.73(m,1H),2.50(m,1H),2.01(m,1H),1.85-1.30(m,8H),0.53.034(m,4H).
ES-MS:459[M+1]
2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[(3R)-1-(3-苯基丙基)吡咯烷-3-基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(n)
通过常规程序B由2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[(3R)-吡咯烷-3-基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸3-苯丙醛乙酯(m)制备。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(d,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.72(dd,1H),7.24(m,5H),4.95(q,2H),4.37(m,2H),3.78(m,1H),2.60(m,3H),2.46(m,2H),2.32(m,2H),2.21(m,1H),2.04(m,2H),1.88(m,1H),1.73(m,1H),1.43(t,3H).
2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[({1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(q)
通过常规程序B由2-甲氧基苯甲醛和2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[(哌啶-4-基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(p)制备。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.75&8.71(2d,1H;旋转异构体),7.91–7.78(m,2H),7.36(m,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.99–7.86(m,2H),4.95&4.72(2s,2H,旋转异构体),4.45(q,2H),4.30&4.08(2s,2H;旋转异构体),3.83(m,4H),3.60(m,2H)2.95(m,2H),2.22(m,2H),1.90(m,2H),1.60(m,2H),1.40(t,3H).
2-({N-[({4-[苄基(环丙基)氨基]丁基}(甲基)氨基甲酰)甲基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(u)
通过制备常规程序B由苯甲醛和2-{[N-({[4-(环丙基氨基)丁基](甲基)氨基甲酰}甲基)-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(t)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.70(m,1H),7.83(m,1H),7.77(m,1H),7.30(m,5H),4.83(dd,2H),4.40(m,3H),4.23(m,1H),3.65(m,1H),3.31(m,1H),3.19(m,1H),3.01(m,1H),2.91(m,3H),2.49(m,2H),1.70(m,1H),1.40(m,7H),0.50(m,2H),0.45(m,2H).
2-({[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(ac)
通过常规程序B由2-({乙基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯和乙醛制备以得到黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.67(m,1H),8.04(m,1H),7.71(m,1H),4.40(q,2H),3.89(s,2H),3.46(m,4H),2.68(q,2H),1.77–1.33(m,6H),1.40(t,3H),1.08(t,3H).
2-({乙基[2-氧代-2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(ab)
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.68(d,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.71(d,1H),4.40(q,2H),4.02(s,2H),3.56(t,2H),3.47(s,2H),3.28(t,2H),1.58(m,6H),1.40(t,3H).
2-({N-[2-(叔-丁氧基)-2-氧代乙基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(c)
常规程序C(三氟代乙酰胺和/或三氟乙酸酯的形成)
将DIPEA(1.5当量)加入到胺(或醇)(2-{[2-(叔-丁氧基)-2-氧代乙基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(b))无水DCM溶液中。在0℃下搅拌该混合物并逐滴加入三氟乙酸酐(1.5当量)。加入后,将混合物温热至室温并继续搅拌2h。以NaHCO3水溶液终止反应。处理含水溶液以提供标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),(旋转异构体):δ8.7(dd,1H),7.8(ss,1H),7.7(dd,1H),4.8(ss,2H),4.3(q,2),4.2(ss,2H),1.4(s,9H),1.3(t,3H).
2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{3-[(三氟代乙酰基)氧]丙基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(g)
通过常规程序C由2-{[(3-羟丙基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(f),使用7当量的DIPEA和5当量的三氟代乙酸酐制备。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),(旋转异构体)δ:8.75(两个双峰,1H),7.80(m,2H),4.80(两个单峰,2H),4.40(m,4H),3.70(two t,2H),2.20(m,2H),1.45(m,3H).
2-({N-[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(l)
通过常规程序C由2-({[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(k)制备。反应时间12小时。分离黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(d,1H),7.76(m,2H),4.74-4.71(m,3H),4.43(q,2H),3.69-3.27(m,4H),2.19-2.01(m,2H),1.46(s,9H),1.44(t,3H).
ES-MS:446[M+1].
2-(N-{[4-(乙氧羰基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基)乙酸(d)
常规程序D(来自叔丁基酯的酸或来自氨基甲酸叔丁氧基酯的胺)
将酯(或氨基甲酸酯)(2-({N-[2-(叔-丁氧基)-2-氧代乙基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(c))溶解在DCM中且在三氟乙酸(0.1-1当量DCM的体积)之前加入。该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。真空下蒸发所述溶液以得到标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.75(m,1H),7.8 8.00(m,2H),5.45,4.99(2s,2H;旋转异构体),4.20-4.40(m,4H),1.40(t,3H).
2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[(3R)-吡咯烷-3-基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(m)
通过常规程序D由2-({N-[(3R)-1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]吡咯烷-3-基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(l)制备。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.67(d,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.72(d,1H),4.39(q,2H),3.97(d,2H),3.84-3.64(m,3H),3.51-3.45(m,2H),2.11(m,1H),1.97(m,1H),1.39(t,3H).
ES-MS:446[M+1]
2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[(哌啶-4-基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(p)
通过常规程序D由2-({N-[({1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(o)制备。通过柱色谱法纯化(MeOH/DCM和1%NH4OH)以提供标题化合物,为棕色泡沫。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.75(m,1H),7.90(m,2H),5.00&4.90(2s,2H,旋转异构体),4.42(q,2H),4.32&4.12(2s,2H;旋转异构体),3.95(m,1H),3.40(m,2H)3.10(m,2H),2.10(m,2H),1.80(m,2H),1.38(t,3H).
2-({2,2,2-三氟代-N-[2-氧代-2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基]乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(e)
常规程序E(酯、胺和磺胺的形成)
将胺(吡咯烷)(或醇或磺胺)(2当量)加入至酸(2-(N-{[4-(乙氧基羰基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基)乙酸(d))(1当量)的DMF溶液中。在EDC HCl(1.5当量)和乙基(羟基亚胺基氰基乙酸(氧化;1.5当量)加入之前冷却至0℃。将该反应混合物缓慢温热至室温并搅拌过夜。处理含水溶液并通过柱色谱法纯化以提供标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.75(m,1H),7.90(s,1H),7.85(m,1H),4.90-4.30(两组单峰&q,6H,旋转异构体),3.45(m,4H),2.00-1.80(m,4H),1.38(t,3H)
2-({N-[({1-[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]哌啶-4-基}氨基甲酰)甲基]-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(o)
通过常规程序E由4-氨基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯和2-(N-{[4-(乙氧基羰基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基)乙酸(d)制备以得到棕色泡沫的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70&8.60(2d,1H;旋转异构体),7.80(m,2H),4.90&4.78(2s,2H,旋转异构体),4.42(q,2H),4.30&4.10(2s,2H;旋转异构体),4.10(m,1H),2.80(m,2H)2.0(m,2H),1.48(s,9H),1.40(t,3H).
2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[(4-羟基丁基)(甲基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(r)
通过常规程序E由4-(甲基氨基)丁烷-1-氧和2-(N-{[4-(乙氧基羰基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰氨基)乙酸(d)制备。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.70(d,1H),7.90(s 1H),7.8(m,1H),4.95(d,1H),4.85(d,1H),4.41(m,3H),4.34(s 1H),3.67(q,2H),3.40(m,1H),3.29(m,1H),2.97(s,3H),1.74-1.52(m,5H),1.43(t,3H).
ES-MS:420[M+1].
2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸4-羟基戊烷-2-基酯(z)
通过常规程序E由2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(x)和戊烷-2,4-二醇制备。通过柱色谱法(10-15%MeOH/DCM)纯化以提供棕色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.50(d,1H),7.90(m,1H),7.50(m,1H),5.30(m,1H),4.55(m,2H),4.20,4.10(2s,2H),2.25(2s,6H),1.40(m,12H).,1.20(m,6H).
ES-MS:495[M+1]
2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-氧代丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(I)
常规程序F(由醇至醛和酮的Swern氧化反应)
以DCM稀释DMSO(4.0当量)溶液,并冷却至-78℃,加入乙二酰氯(2.0当量),并将该混合物搅拌30分钟。然后加入DCM中(2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-羟丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(h))醇溶液,且该混合物再搅拌1小时。然后加入Et3N(5.0当量),并且将该混合物缓慢温热至室温。处理含水溶液并进行柱色谱法,以提供标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),(旋转异构体):δ9.80(两个单峰,1H),8.70(两个双峰,1H),7.80(m,2H),4.90/4.75(两个单峰,2H),4.45(m,2H),3.95/3.75(m,2H),2.90(two t,2H),1.45(m,3H).
2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[甲基(4-氧代丁基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(s)
通过常规程序F由2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{[(4-羟丁基)(甲基)氨基甲酰]甲基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(r)制备。通过柱色谱法(EtOAc/己烷)纯化。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ9.85(m,1H),8.70(dd,1H),7.9(ss,1H),7.80(dd,1H),4.93(ss,2H),4.43(ss,2H),4.35(q,2),3.01(ss,3H),1.44(t,3H).
ES-MS:418[M+1].
2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸4-氧代戊烷-2-基酯(aa)
通过制备常规程序F由2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸4-羟戊烷-2-基酯(z)。通过柱色谱法纯化(10%MeOH/DCM),以提供棕色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.60(d,1H),7.70(m,1H),7.60(m,1H),5.00(m,1H),4.60(m,2H),4.15,4.00(2s,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.40(m,14H).,1.10(m,6H)
ES-MS:493[M+1]
2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(v)
常规程序G(Boc保护的胺)
将胺(2-{[({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(#65))(1当量)和Boc2O(1.2当量)溶解在THF/H2O中。加入NaHCO3固体(4当量)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物过夜。去除溶剂后,通过柱色谱法以DCM中0-10%MeOH梯度对残留物进行纯化,以得到黄色油状的标题产物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.52(m,1H),7.84(m,1H),7.74(m,1H),4.65(m,2H),4.23(m,2H),3.45(m,4H),2.50(m,2H),2.25(m,6H),1.43(m,9H),1.19(m,3H).
N-({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)-N-({4-[(吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰]吡啶-2-基}甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(y)
常规程序H(酯、胺和磺胺的形成)
将Et3N(3.0当量)和丙烷磷酸酐(2.0当量)加入至胺(吡啶-4-胺)(或醇或磺胺)(1.5当量)和酸(2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(x))(1.0当量)的DMF溶液中。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物12h,真空下去除,以DCM稀释并以水洗涤,以得到棕色油状的标题化合物。通过柱色谱法纯化或不经进一步纯化而使用。
1H-NMR(300MHz,D2O):δ8.59(d,2H),8.21(d,2H),7.88(d,2H),6.75(d,1H),4.35-4.32(m,2H),3.71-3.66(m,2H),3.38-3.24(m,2H),3.13-3.06(m,4H),2.90(s,6H),1.20-1.15(m,12H).
2-{[2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-羟丙基)乙酰氨基]甲基}吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(h)
通过常规程序A由2-[(2,2,2-三氟代-N-{3-[(三氟代乙酰)氧]丙基}乙酰氨基)甲基]吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯(g)制备。以快速色谱纯化以得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),(旋转异构体):δ8.74(两个d,1H),7.80(m,2H),4.85(s,2H),4.45(m,2H),3.65(m,4H),1.90(m,2H),1.45(m,3H).
2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸(x)
通过常规程序A由2-({[(叔-丁氧基)羰基]({[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)氨基甲酰}甲基)氨基}甲基)吡啶-4-羧酸乙酯制备,以得到黄色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ8.67(m,1H),7.67(m,1H),7.73(m,1H),4.70(m,2H),4.42(m,2H),4.14(m,2H),3.36(m,4H),2.44(m,2H),2.24(m,6H),1.43(m,12H),1.15(m,3H).
胺中间体
N-[(1R)-2-羟基-1-{甲基[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]氨基甲酰}乙基]氨基甲酸苄酯
包含甲基[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]胺(1.1当量)、(2R)-2-{[(苄基氧)羰基]氨基}-3-羟丙酸(1.0当量)、HATU(1.2当量)和DIPEA(1.4当量)的在DMF中的反应混合物,在室温下搅拌直至TLC显示反应完全。然后该反应混合物以EtOAc/饱和的NaHCO3进行区分。浓缩该EtOAc提取物以得到标题化合物。
(2R)-2-氨基-3-羟基-N-甲基-N-[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]丙酰胺
N-[(1R)-2-羟基-1-{甲基[3-(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)丙基]氨基甲酰}乙基]氨基甲酸苄酯和10%Pd/C(5wt%)的在MeOH中的混合物在氢气氛下(40PSI)搅拌直至以TLC检测没有起始原料。然后,通过硅藻土垫过滤该混合物并浓缩以得到标题化合物。
2-氨基-N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-N-乙基乙酰胺
通过常规程序E由Boc-甘氨酸和[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基](乙基)胺制备。随后以在MeOH中处理以提供标题产物的盐酸盐。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ3.41(m,4H),3.23(m,2H),2.39(m,2H),2.22(s,6H),1.52(s(br),2H),1.11(m,3H)
醇中间体
2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-羟丁基)乙酰胺
常规程序I(三氟代乙酰胺的形成)
在0℃下将2,2,2-三氟代乙酸乙酯加入至4-氨基丁烷-2-醇的MTBE溶液中。将该混合物升温至室温并在氮气下搅拌过夜。真空下蒸发该溶剂以生成无色油状的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ8.0(brs,1H),3.95(m,1H),3.6(m,1H),3.3(m,2H),1.75(m,1H),1.6(m,1H),1.2(d,6H).
N-(3-羟丁基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯
通过常规程序G由4-氨基丁烷-2-醇制备以得到无色胶状的标题产物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δppm:5.0(brs,1H),3.7(m,1H),3.4brs,1H),3.2(m,2H),1.6(m,2H),1.4(s,9H),1.2(d,3H).
ES-MS:224[M+1].
4-(甲基氨基)丁烷-2-醇
在0℃下将LAH加入至3-羟丁基氨基甲酸丁酯的THF溶液中。在氮气下将混合物升温至室温并加热至70℃伴随搅拌3小时。以10%的NaOH溶液终止反应。处理含水溶液以提供无色油状的标题产物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δppm:3.9(m,1H),3.6(brs,2H),2.9(m,1H),2.6(m,1H),2.4(s,3H),1.5(m,2H),1.2(d,3H).
2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-羟丁基)-N-甲基乙酰胺
通过常规程序I由4-(甲基氨基)丁烷-2-醇制备以得到无色少油的标题化合物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),δ3.8(m,1H),3.7(m,1H),3.2(m,1H),3.2(s,3H),1.7(m,1H),1.6(m,1H),1.2(d,3H).
ES-MS:200[M+1].
2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-羟基戊-4-烯-1-基)乙酰胺
通过常规程序I由5-氨基戊-1-烯-3-醇制备以得到棕色泡沫状标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.50(br s,1H),5.90(m,1H),5.28(d,1H),5.20(d,1H),4.40(m,1H),3.75(m,1H),3.40(m,1H),2.00-1.60(m,2H).
2,2,2-三氟代-N-(3-氧代丙基)乙酰胺
通过常规程序I由3,3-二乙氧基丙烷-1-胺和三氟乙酸乙酯以得到N-(3,3-二乙氧基丙基)-2,2,2-三氟代乙酰胺制备,通过2M HCl处理所得化合物以得到标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ9.81(s,1H),7.15(br s,1H),3.64(q,2H),2.83(t,2H).
三甲基({[1-(丙烷-2-基氧)乙烯基]氧})硅烷
在-78℃下,在丙烷-2-基乙酸酯的THF溶液(1当量)中加入LDA(1.1当量)。将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟并加入TMSCl(1当量),使其温热至室温,并搅拌1小时。以己烷萃取,用水、盐水洗涤并浓缩以得到标题化合物。
3-羟基-5-(三氟代乙酰氨基)戊烷酸丙烷-2-基酯
在-78℃下,在2,2,2-溶液三氟代-N-(3-氧代丙基)乙酰胺(1当量)的DCM溶液中加入三甲基({[1-(丙烷-2-基氧)乙烯基]氧})硅烷(1当量)和TiCl4(1当量)。将反应混合物温热至室温,并搅拌1小时。以DCM萃取,用水、盐水洗涤并浓缩以得到标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.65(br s,1H),5.05(m,1H),4.19(m,1H),3.35(m,1H),2.46(d,2H),1.85–1.61(m,2H),1.25(d,6H).
3-羟基-4-(三氟代乙酰氨基)丁酸丙烷-2-基酯
通过常规程序I由4-氨基-3-羟丁酸丙烷-2-基酯制备。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ6.94(br s,1H),5.06(m,1H),4.18(m,1H),3.65(d,1H),3.60(m,1H),3.29(m,1H),2.57–2.40(m,2H),1.27(d,6H).
实施例2:用于确定IC50值的组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶αLISA试验。
此实施例证明了本发明化合物在体外测试的酶的活性的能力(表2a)。
试验的进行类似于PerkinElmer描述方法(Roy等人PerkinElmer TechnicalNote:AlphaLISA#12,Apr.2011)。结果参见表3。
常规方法
将酶溶解在酶缓冲液中,并培养10分钟,然后加入5μL至5μL的化合物在酶缓冲液中的3%的DMSO溶液中。再培养10分钟,加入5μL底物溶液,并在室温下培养反应混合物一段给定的时间。加入10μL的悬浮在给定的由母液稀释的后生缓冲液中(Perkin Elmer AL008)的受体微珠,并在黑暗中培养悬浮液60分钟,在室温下,然后加入10μL后生缓冲液中的霉亲和素供体微珠(Perkin Elmer 6760002)的悬浮液(以给定的稀释在后生缓冲液中)。在室温下黑暗中培养,然后读取平板。反应条件可见于表2b中。
酶:
底物:
BK9M3:Biotin-ARTKQTAR(KMe3)STGGKAPRKQ-NH2(Caslo,丹麦)
BK9M2:Biotin-ARTKQTAR(KMe2)STGGKAPRKQ-NH2(AnaSpec 64359)
BK9M1:Biotin-ARTKQTAR(KMe1)STGGKAPRKQ-NH2(AnaSpec 64358)
H3K4M3B:H-ART(Kme3)QTARKSTGGKAPRKQLA-NH-Biotin(Caslo,丹麦)
BK27M3:Biotin-ATKAAR(Kme3)SAPATGGVKKPHRY-NH2(Caslo,丹麦)
BH3K36M2:RKAAPATGGVK(Me2)KPHRYRPGTVK-(BIOTIN)(Anaspec)
酶缓冲液:50mM Hepes(pH见表2b),0.003%吐温-20,0.1%BSA;5μM(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2
缓冲液A:50mM Hepes(pH见表2b),0.003%吐温-20,0.1%BSA
反应条件
实施例3:在细胞中用于确定IC50值的组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶免疫荧光试验。
用于确定IC50值的组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶免疫荧光试验,非转染细胞。
此实施例说明了本发明化合物在人骨肉瘤细胞系中抑制H3K4的脱甲基作用的能力。
常规方法
收获U2OS细胞并接种至多孔板上的含化合物的培养基中。所用的培养基为含有5%FBS和青霉素/链霉素的DMEM。将细胞与化合物培养20小时后,以PBS中洗涤细胞一次,以甲醛4%水溶液固定以收获该细胞,并在PBS中洗涤2次。接着,在室温下,以具有0.2%Triton X-100的PBS通透化细胞10分钟。在4℃下,将细胞与以1:1000稀释的αH3K4me3第一抗体(Cell Signaling,#9751S)在阻断溶液中一起培养过夜。培养第一抗体后,以PBS洗涤细胞3次,与以1:1000稀释的第二抗体(Alexa Fluor 594的山羊抗兔IgG,Invitrogen,A11012)和Hoechst 20μg/ml(Sigma,33342)在阻断溶液中一起培养,并以PBS再次洗涤3次。最后,加入PBS并且以IN Cell 1000分析仪(GE Healthcare)进行高通量成像和分析。参见表4中的IC 50值,其是根据所述H3K4me3在细胞中的标记的染色的平均值。
组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶抑制
(a)+++:IC50<1μM;++:1μM≤IC50≤50μM;+:IC50>50μM
实施例4:EC50的细胞增殖试验
此实施例说明了本发明化合物抑制人乳腺癌细胞系增殖的能力。
常规方法
将MCF7细胞接种在1250个细胞/孔,50μl培养基/孔的黑色96孔板中。培养细胞24小时后加入化合物。化合物是在完全培养基(50μl/孔)中稀释,并重复地加入至各板中。在各孔的培养基的总体积为100μl,且DMSO的最终浓度为0.5%。使用完全培养基为含10%FBS和青霉素/链霉素,具有GlutaMAX的DMEM。
加入化合物120小时后,收获板并按照制成品建议的ATPlite1步骤(PerkinElmer,目录号6016739)分析。简言之,将100μl的ATP岛津溶液加入到各孔中,将板以700rpm涡旋2分钟,接着在黑暗中培养20分钟,,然后以EnSpire2300Mulitilabel读数器用冷发光(Perkin Elmer公司制)进行分析。使用GraphPad Prism 6计算EC 50值。结果参见表5。
(a)+++:EC50<1μM;++:1μM≤EC50≤50μM;+:EC50>50μM
实施例5:在细胞中用于确定IC50值的组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶免疫荧光试验
此实施例说明了本发明化合物在人骨肉瘤细胞系中抑制特异性H3赖氨酸的脱甲基作用的能力,该人骨肉瘤细胞系被转染以表达组蛋白赖氨酸脱甲基酶。
常规方法
接种U2OS细胞24小时,然后转染。按照制造商建议,用Fugene HD转染试剂进行转染。转染6小时后,收获细胞并接种至多孔板上的含化合物的培养基中。所用的培养基为含有5%FBS和青霉素/链霉素的DMEM。将细胞与化合物培养20小时后,以PBS中洗涤细胞一次,以甲醛4%水溶液固定以收获该细胞,并在PBS中洗涤2次。然后,在室温下,以具有0.2%Triton X-100的PBS通透化细胞10分钟。在室温下在具有0.2%Triton X-100和5%FBS的PBS中进行阻断45min。在4℃下将细胞与1μg/ml稀释的第一抗体在阻断溶液中培养过夜。该试验中使用的第一抗体是HA.11(Covance,MMS-101P)和监测标记的抗体,如在以下表6中详细说明的。与第一抗体一起培养之后,以PBS洗涤细胞3次,与以1:1000稀释的第二抗体(Alexa Fluor 594的山羊抗兔IgG,Invitrogen,A11012);Alexa flour 488驴抗小鼠IgG,Invitrogen,A21202)和Hoechst,20μg/ml(Sigma,33342)在阻断溶液中一起培养,并以PBS再次洗涤3次。最后,加入PBS并且以IN Cell 1000分析仪(GE Healthcare)进行高通量成像和分析。机器软件分析各个细胞并将它们分为HA+(转染的细胞)和HA-(未转染细胞)。以下表7中的IC50值基于转染细胞中以下表6详细指出的标记染色的平均测量。
在本说明书中,除非明确地另外指明,否则词语“或”被以操作者的感觉使用,它返回一个真值之一或两者的条件均达到,相对地,操作者“异或”要求只有满足的条件之一。单词“包含”是用来表示“包括”,而不是在表示“由……组成”的意思。以上所有以前公知的教导通过引用并入本文。任何在本文中的先前发布的文档,不应视为承认或表示此时其教导在澳大利亚或其他地方是一般公知常识。
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Claims (9)
1.一种通式(I)的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,A是-CHR2C(O)-;
Y是-NR6R7;
R1是-H;
R2是-H;
R6选自-H、C1-8烷基和C2-8烯基;
R7选自C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基和-Z-芳基,其中烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基任选地可被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;或者,可选地、R6和R7可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环基环,任选地其被一个或多个独立地选择的R8取代;
每个R8独立地选自C1-6烷基、-Z-杂环基、-Z-杂芳基、-Z-芳基、-Z-NR10R11、-Z-C(=O)-NR10R11、-Z-OR9和-CN,其中烷基、杂环基、杂芳基和芳基可任选地被选自C1-4烷基、-Z-芳基和-Z-OR9的一个或多个取代;
Z选自单键和C1-4亚烷基;
每个R9独立地选自-H和C1-8烷基;以及
R10和R11的每一个独立地选自-H和C1-6烷基,或者,可选地,R10和R11可与和其相连的N原子一起形成N-杂环基环;
其中各芳基为苯基,各杂芳基独立地选自呋喃基、咪唑基和吡唑基;各杂环基独立地选自吡咯烷基、哌啶基和哌嗪基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,
其中Y是
其中n为1至3且所述Y中的R10和R11均独立地选自-H和C1-6烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物,
其中Y是
其中n为1至3且每个m独立地为0至2。
4.一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物选自于:
5.化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物是
7.一种药物组合物,其包含至少一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,和任选的一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其包含一种或多种其它活性物质。
9.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物用于制备用于治疗HDME依赖性疾病的药物组合物的用途。
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