CN104915554A - Method for predicting insect food ecological niches in different plant communities and application of method - Google Patents
Method for predicting insect food ecological niches in different plant communities and application of method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting insect food ecological niches in different plant communities and application of the method. The method comprises the following steps that all target insects in quadrats are sampled, the development stages of all the target insects are observed, and the main development stages are determined; a target functional expression in regression models is determined according to the main development stages, and the ecological niche width is obtained; the regression models include the regression model of four-age insects: Y=-0.00025054X1-0.00010192X2-0.00010928X3+0.01221, the regression model of five-age insects: Y=-0.00057832X1-0.00070590X2-0.00021994X3+0.03899, the regression model for pre-oviposition of adult insects: Y=-0.00074166X1-0.00067624X2-0.00056150X3+0.04862 and the post-oviposition of the adult insects: Y=-00039251X1-0.00039905X2+0.03373, wherein Y represents the ecological niche width. The method has important significance in potential damage predicting of the insects to plants, customizing of economical thresholds and studying on insect conformity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Entomological Ecology, be specifically related to a kind of method and the application thereof of predicting insect diet ecological niche in different plant community.
Background technology
Ecological niche (ecological niche) refers to that a population is in the ecosystem, position occupied on time and space and to the functional relationship between relevant population and effect.From the utilization of resources, ecological niche be environment residing for species and its shared by have resource.According to the difference of resource occupation, spatial niche, Time Niche, Trophic Niche (i. e. ecological niche) etc. can be divided into.Niche breadth is also known as ecological niche range or ecological niche size.The various resource summations that species can utilize.When the utilizability of resource reduces, generally make niche breadth increase, such as, in the environment of provand deficiency, consumer is also forced to the ingest inferior prey of minority and prey, and in the environment of provand abundance, consumer only ingests the minority prey being accustomed to most ingesting.Share or compete the phenomenon of common resource when niche overlap refers to that the similar species of two or more ecological niches move in the same space.Two species of niche overlap are difficult to long-term co-existence because of competitive exclusion, except non-space and resource are very abundant.Usual resource always has limit, and therefore between niche overlap species, competition always causes overlapping degree to reduce, as captured different locus separately from each other and looking for food at different spaces position.
The plant dwelt in border is that insect provides different ecological niches and abundant food resource, and locust has different selectivity to abundant food resource, and in plant community, sociales plant determines that sociales locust exists.The basis that locust Trophic Niche is locust feeding differentiation and coexists under contention, there is very large difference between locust not of the same race can community life reason together be also that resource is overlapping because have between locust significantly.Experiment proves that the species specificity main cause of locust to the utilization of resources is that ecological niche is separated, instead of the interspecies competition of locust; The overlap that forefathers attempt to utilize from grassland grasshopper at food resource explains competition and Coexistence with differentiation angle, but these are studied about locust Trophic Niche, taking food spectrum mainly with locust is according to calculating trophic niche width and overlap, ecological niche is more and more composed with the utilization of resources and is equal to, and do not consider utilizability and the utilization factor of resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method and the application thereof of predicting insect diet ecological niche in different plant community.
The invention provides a kind of method predicting targeted insect food niche in plant community, comprise the steps:
Sampling side in sample ground; The aerial part of all plants in sampling side, takes the dry weight of aerial part, is the biomass of plant; All targeted insects in sampling side, observe the stage of development residing for each targeted insect, determine main development phase; In all targeted insects in sample prescription, if the ratio shared by the insect of certain stage of development is maximum, this stage of development is main development phase;
According to the target function type in main development phase determination regression model, the biomass of K-wire tension band in every square metre of sample prescription is substituted into X
1, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of sheep's hay substitutes into X
2, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of prairie sagewort substitutes into X
3, obtain niche breadth;
Regression model is as follows:
4 instars: Y=-0.00025054X
1-0.00010192X
2-0.00010928X
3+ 0.01221;
5 instars: Y=-0.00057832X
1-0.00070590X
2-0.00021994X
3+ 0.03899;
Before Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00074166X
1-0.00067624X
2-0.00056150X
3+ 0.04862;
After Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00039251X
1-0.00039905X
2+ 0.03373;
Y represents niche breadth.
Niche breadth is larger, illustrates that the utilization of resources is more sufficient, to food to occupy degree higher.
Described insect can be locust.Described locust specifically can be Oedaleus asiaticus B.
Described plant community can be psilium.Described plant community specifically can be the psilium of Xilinguole Beit.
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is prediction insect (especially insect) food niche width under different plant composition background condition rapidly and efficiently, that estimates insect occupies degree to different plant resources, evaluates its cause harm degree and harm intensity.
The food niche of insect only needs 1-2 days to adopt method provided by the invention to predict, and needs about 30 days with traditional biological method.The material source that measuring method provided by the invention relates to is wide, easily buys, simple to operate, saves time, laborsaving, is suitable for applying in insect commodity inspection detects.
In different structure of plant community, huge change can be there is in the feeding habits of Oedaleus asiaticus B and Trophic Niche, the present invention according to insect under different plant background to the food niche of every Plants, establish the relational model between food niche and phytomass, being used for the food resource of Forecast and evaluation insect under different plant background occupies degree.The present invention is for explaining that the impact for insect diet ecological niche of the availability of different food resource and utilizability has great importance.The present invention can be used for prediction insect occupying and producing level for different food in actual border of dwelling, and then judges that food is still coerced insect is applicable.The present invention predicts the potential damage of plant for insect, the customization of economic threshold, and the research of insect grade of fit is significant.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.Test material used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is and purchases available from routine biochemistry reagent shop.Quantitative test in following examples, all arranges and repeats experiment for three times, results averaged.Data analysis statistical software SAS 8.0 completes.
The foundation of embodiment 1, method
One, test prepares
Gather Oedaleus asiaticus B population with net laws on arrests, feed in the iron cage then Oedaleus asiaticus B population being placed on 2m × 2m × 2m, select growth consistent 3 age nymph.
Gather K-wire tension band, sheep's hay and prairie sagewort respectively in the wild, get aerial part, scrub.
Two, test process
9 groups of test process (to I group, often group arranges 3 re-treatments to A group, and namely often group arranges 3 and shrouds) are set.20 3 nymph in ages (female, male number ratio is 1:1) are put in the inside of shrouding of each 1m × 1m × 1m, K-wire tension band, sheep's hay and prairie sagewort (pricking the nearly butt of the every Plants of envelope with fresh-keeping with the polybag that distilled water is housed) is put in shrouding, within every 48 hours, change new plant, often organize in shrouding of processing and add the amount of plant in table 1 at every turn.
Often group test process corresponding control treatment (often kind of control treatment arranges 3 repetitions) is set, control treatment do not put into 3 age nymph, other is all with testing process accordingly.
Weigh dry weight by being placed in from the plant shrouding interior taking-up after 80 DEG C, baking oven dries 24 hours at every turn.
Oedaleus asiaticus B day food ingestion=(control treatment is from shrouding the dry weight-test process of plant of middle taking-up from the dry weight of plant of shrouding middle taking-up)/(residue locust number * measures interval number of days).
The dry weight of biomass=plant.
Table 1 A group is to the K-wire tension band added during I group is shrouded, sheep's hay and prairie sagewort amount (fresh weight)
Calculate each length of time Oedaleus asiaticus B to the day food ingestion of every Plants.
Food niche width (B
h) computing formula as follows:
qi＝Qi/Bi；Pi＝Bi/Bt；
Qi is the availability of the i-th Plants, and Qi is the day food ingestion of the i-th Plants, and Bi is the biomass of the i-th Plants; Pi is the ratio of the i-th Plants shared by all resources, and Bt is the biomass sum of all plants.
The 4 instar stages (this stage carry out three times detect) the results are shown in Table 2.The 5 instar stages (this stage carry out three times detect) the results are shown in Table 3.The Adult worms producting eggs last stage (this stage carry out three times detect) the results are shown in Table 4.Adult worms producting eggs after-stage (this stage carry out three times detect) the results are shown in Table 5.
The table 24 instar stage plant Qi, Bi, Bt and B
hdata
The table 35 instar stage plant Qi, Bi, Bt and B
hdata
Qi, Bi, Bt and B of table 4 Adult worms producting eggs last stage plant
hdata
Qi, Bi, Bt and B of table 5 Adult worms producting eggs after-stage plant
hdata
Table 2 shows to the result of table 5: the food niche of Oedaleus asiaticus B is subject to the impact of plant community; Oedaleus asiaticus B food niche is subject to the impact of target plant and other plant; The amount of Oedaleus asiaticus B food niche and plant resources is negative correlation; The biomass of Oedaleus asiaticus B food niche and other plant is negative correlation, but different by the impact of different plant; Oedaleus asiaticus B food niche, relevant with Preference with the utilization factor of every Plants resource.
According to the result of table 2, table 3, table 4 and table 5, with niche breadth, multiple linear regression analysis is done to the biomass of insect to different plant being in different developmental phases, obtains regression model, in table 6.
The regression model of table 6 Oedaleus asiaticus B ecological niche and phytomass
Y represents niche breadth, X
1represent the biomass of K-wire tension band in every square metre of sample ground, X
2represent the biomass of sheep's hay in every square metre of sample ground, X
3represent the biomass of prairie sagewort in every square metre of sample ground.
The application (predicting insect diet ecological niche in different plant community) of embodiment 2, method
One, method describes
1m is got in sample ground
2sample prescription.The aerial part of all plants in sampling side, in the baking oven that is placed in by plant shoot, 80 DEG C of oven dry weighed dry weight after 24 hours.All Oedaleus asiaticus Bs in sampling side, observe the stage of development (before 4 instars, 5 instars, Adult worms producting eggs or after Adult worms producting eggs) residing for each Oedaleus asiaticus B, determine that the main development phase of colony is (in all targeted insects in sample prescription, if the ratio shared by the insect of certain stage of development is maximum, this stage of development is main development phase).
According to the target function type in main development phase determination regression model, the biomass of K-wire tension band in every square metre of sample prescription is substituted into X
1, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of sheep's hay substitutes into X
2, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of prairie sagewort substitutes into X
3, obtain niche breadth;
Regression model is as follows:
4 instars: Y=-0.00025054X
1-0.00010192X
2-0.00010928X
3+ 0.01221;
5 instars: Y=-0.00057832X
1-0.00070590X
2-0.00021994X
3+ 0.03899;
Before Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00074166X
1-0.00067624X
2-0.00056150X
3+ 0.04862;
After Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00039251X
1-0.00039905X
2+ 0.03373;
Y represents niche breadth.
Niche breadth is larger, illustrates that the utilization of resources is more sufficient, to food to occupy degree higher.
Two, practical application
Sample ground A and sample ground B is all positioned at Xilinguole Beit Steppe.
Operate in the method for four different times according to step one respectively.
The results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Result shows: different times plant community is differently different, and cause food resource utilization ratio different, the ecological niche that insect occupies is different.In sample ground A, the Oedaleus asiaticus B of surviving ecological niche in each generally lower than sample ground B in length of time, and along with the length of time increases, it is maximum gradually that Oedaleus asiaticus B occupies stock number in the Adult worms producting eggs phase.Result shows, adopt the method that step one provides, the ecological niche numerical value can tried to achieve according to sample ground phytomass predicts that Oedaleus asiaticus B occupies the degree size of food resource in this group easily, thus being more suitable for existence with judging Oedaleus asiaticus B that piece of sample, this should give birth to Division for locust and monitoring and warning has vital role.
Three, result verification
Stage of development in investigation on July 20 sample ground A and sample ground B residing for Oedaleus asiaticus B, be mostly in the Adult worms producting eggs last stage.From sample ground A or sample ground B, choose the Oedaleus asiaticus B in 20 same length of times, be placed in shrouding, repeat for five times; In sample ground A and sample ground B, Stochastic choice chooses five sample prescriptions, cuts, weighs the weight in wet base of every Plants, Oedaleus asiaticus B of feeding, and choose weight plant of the same race and contrast, weigh dry weight by concordant from ground for grass.
Food niche width (B
h) computing formula as follows:
qi＝Qi/Bi；
Pi＝Bi/Bt；
Qi is the availability of the i-th Plants, and Qi is the day food ingestion of the i-th Plants, and Bi is the biomass of the i-th Plants; Pi is the ratio of the i-th Plants shared by all resources, and Bt is the biomass sum of all plants.
The results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8
| Sample ground A | K-wire tension band Qi | Sheep's hay Qi | Prairie sagewort Qi | K-wire tension band Bi | Sheep's hay Bi | Prairie sagewort Bi | B H |
| Repeat 1 | 0.056343 | 0.037379 | 0.011324 | 6.145251397 | 4.469273743 | 2.793296089 | 0.02025 |
| Repeat 2 | 0.104248 | 0.115175 | 0.030123 | 10.61453 | 8.379888 | 7.821229 | 0.02699 |
| Repeat 3 | 0.121381 | 0.108478 | 0.023223 | 12.84916 | 11.06145 | 8.938547 | 0.021587 |
| Repeat 4 | 0.103995 | 0.13242 | 0.03865 | 13.68715 | 12.2905 | 10.05587 | 0.021997 |
| Repeat 5 | 0.086608 | 0.156362 | 0.029837 | 14.52514 | 13.51955 | 11.17318 | 0.020086 |
| Sample ground B | K-wire tension band Qi | Sheep's hay Qi | Prairie sagewort Qi | K-wire tension band Bi | Sheep's hay Bi | Prairie sagewort Bi | B H |
| Repeat 1 | 0.06186 | 0.057379 | 0.011711 | 4.469274 | 7.821229 | 2.793296 | 0.022624 |
| Repeat 2 | 0.104248 | 0.099518 | 0.03137 | 7.821229 | 10.05587 | 5.027933 | 0.028011 |
| Repeat 3 | 0.117381 | 0.091478 | 0.013111 | 8.379888 | 11.73184 | 5.586592 | 0.023131 |
| Repeat 4 | 0.123995 | 0.113242 | 0.028198 | 9.497207 | 14.52514 | 7.26257 | 0.023274 |
| Repeat 5 | 0.130608 | 0.135006 | 0.043285 | 10.61453 | 17.31844 | 8.938547 | 0.023209 |
The B of the adult of the method prediction of step 2
hall close to 0.23.The food niche average of the sample ground A that step 3 obtains is 0.022, sample ground B food niche average 0.024.Result shows, predicting the outcome of the actual testing result of step 3 and step 2 is extremely close.
Claims (4)
1. predict a method for targeted insect food niche in plant community, comprise the steps:
Sampling side in sample ground; The aerial part of all plants in sampling side, takes the dry weight of aerial part, is the biomass of plant; All targeted insects in sampling side, observe the stage of development residing for each targeted insect, determine main development phase; In all targeted insects in sample prescription, if the ratio shared by the insect of certain stage of development is maximum, this stage of development is main development phase;
According to the target function type in main development phase determination regression model, the biomass of K-wire tension band in every square metre of sample prescription is substituted into X
1, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of sheep's hay substitutes into X
2, in every square metre of sample prescription, the biomass of prairie sagewort substitutes into X
3, obtain niche breadth;
Regression model is as follows:
4 instars: Y=-0.00025054X
1-0.00010192X
2-0.00010928X
3+ 0.01221;
5 instars: Y=-0.00057832X
1-0.00070590X
2-0.00021994X
3+ 0.03899;
Before Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00074166X
1-0.00067624X
2-0.00056150X
3+ 0.04862;
After Adult worms producting eggs: Y=-0.00039251X
1-0.00039905X
2+ 0.03373;
Y represents niche breadth.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described insect is locust.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described locust is Oedaleus asiaticus B.
4., as the method as described in arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described plant community is psilium.
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| CN112514714A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-19 | 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所（宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室） | Grassland locust regulation method |
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| US7308392B2 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2007-12-11 | The University Of Kansas | Processes and systems for predicting biological species invasions |
| CN101720682A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Lake mandarin fish scale culturing method |
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| CN106529133A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 安庆师范大学 | Method for determining suitable spatial ecological niche and environmental ecological niche of minimum population |
| CN112514714A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-19 | 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所（宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室） | Grassland locust regulation method |
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