CN104890243B - Printing head, three-dimensional printer and three-dimensional printing method - Google Patents
Printing head, three-dimensional printer and three-dimensional printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104890243B CN104890243B CN201510313735.4A CN201510313735A CN104890243B CN 104890243 B CN104890243 B CN 104890243B CN 201510313735 A CN201510313735 A CN 201510313735A CN 104890243 B CN104890243 B CN 104890243B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a printing head for a three-dimensional printer, and further relates to the three-dimensional printer constructed with the printing head and a method for printing a three-dimensional body by utilizing the three-dimensional printer. The printing head comprises a liquefier and an adjustment unit, wherein the adjustment unit comprises an adjustment disc; an upper disc surface of the adjustment disc is arranged below the liquefier in a mode of clinging to the end face of an outlet end of the liquefier; the adjustment disc can rotate around a vertical shaft relative to the liquefier; a first extrusion hole is formed in one of an end wall of the outlet end of the liquefier and the adjustment disc, and more than two second extrusion holes are formed in the other one of the end wall of the outlet end of the liquefier and the adjustment disc; the effective aperture of each second extrusion hole is different, and is less than or equal to that of the first extrusion hole; and through the rotation of the adjustment disc around the vertical shaft relative to the liquefier, the first extrusion hole is butted with one of the second extrusion holes selectively. According to the printing head, the effective apertures of the extrusion holes can be adjusted according to the requirements of the printing accuracy, and the printing efficiency of the three-dimensional printer is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rapid forming equipment that builds of a kind of extrusion device for rapid shaping, this extrusion device and energy
Enough forming methods carrying out molding using this rapid forming equipment, specifically, are related to a kind of beating for melted extrusion modeling
Three-dimensional printer and the method that can carry out printing three-dimensional body using this three-dimensional printer that print head, this printhead build.
Background technology
Three-dimensional printer, is a kind of mathematical model based on three-dimensional body, using plastics, liquid photocurable resin, powder
The materials such as shape metal, construct the equipment of three-dimensional body by way of successively printing.
Notification number be cn1216726c the background technology of patent documentation in describe a kind of in the form of filament to printing
The three-dimensional printer of head supply moulding material, referring to Fig. 1, three-dimensional printer 01 has printhead 011, feeding device 012, conduit
013 and object stage 014；Feeding device 012 has a supply disk 0121 being wound with shaping silk 0123；Printhead 011 has
A pair of the material-feeding rolling wheels 0113 and 0114 being driven by motor 0115, liquefier 0111 and the spray of the printing located at liquefier 0111 lower end
Mouth 0112.Supply disk 0121 is installed in the rotating shaft 0122 of the supply disk installing rack of three-dimensional printer 01, thus by shaping silk
0123 is supplied to printhead 011.In use, shaping silk 0123 is pulled out from supply disk 0121, make the one-tenth being straightened
Type silk by the conduit 013 being made up of the less material of frictional resistance, until by shaping silk be supplied to material-feeding rolling wheels 0113 and
0114, the material-feeding rolling wheels 0113 and 0114 being driven by motor 0115 promote shaping silk to enter liquefier 0111 to produce an institute
Call " liquifier pump effect ", that is, shaping silk is equivalent to a piston in itself, enter the shaping silk extrusion molten in liquefier 0111
The moulding material of state, is allowed to be extruded and be deposited on object stage from the extrusion spout of printing nozzle 0112 by certain volumetric rate
On 014 loading surface.The control unit of three-dimensional printer 01 is passed through to control printhead 011 to move in the x-y plane of level, with
When control object stage 014 z-axis vertically to move, thus printing three-dimensional body layer by layer.
Because this three-dimensional printer only sets single printing nozzle, the thread molten condition moulding material of its printing nozzle extrusion
Diameter optional be limited in scope, print different accuracy require three-dimensional body or three-dimensional body in different accuracy require part
When it is difficult to carry out selecting the suitable and high thread molten condition moulding material of printing effect it is impossible to further according to required precision
Improve the printing effect of three-dimensional printer.
The patent documentation for cn104044271a for the publication No. discloses the three-dimensional printer of a kind of pair of head mechanism, wherein
Two printheads side by side have heat block and the printing nozzle of different bore, are printed one of according to printing precision demand
Head switches to operating position.This three-dimensional printer has the printing nozzle of different effective apertures due to setting, can be fast according to printing
The requirement of degree and precision carries out selecting the printing nozzle using different effective apertures, under conditions of meeting printing precision requirement,
Improve printing effect.But, printing nozzle is after cutting holding state from working condition it will usually " excessive glue " phenomenon, that is,
Molten in the presence of the feeding inertia of material-feeding rolling wheels and printhead shake in speed change moving process, in this printing nozzle
State moulding material may proceed to extrusion from printing nozzle, drips the printing reducing three-dimensional body on the printing surface of three-dimensional body
Precision.
Content of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional printer printhead it is intended to be easy to improve three-dimensional printer
Printing effect；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the three-dimensional printer being built with above-mentioned printhead；
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method carrying out printing three-dimensional body using above-mentioned three-dimensional printer.
In order to realize above-mentioned main purpose, the three-dimensional printer printhead that the present invention provides includes liquefier and adjustment is single
Unit, adjustment unit includes adjustment plate, and the normal of the card of adjustment plate vertically arranges, the upper disk surface of adjustment plate is close to liquefier
Below liquefier, adjustment plate can rotate around vertical axle relative to liquefier on the end face ground of the port of export；The port of export end of liquefier
One of wall and adjustment plate are provided with first extrusion cavities, and another is provided with plural second extrusion cavities；Each
The effective aperture of the second extrusion cavities is different, and the effective aperture less than or equal to the first extrusion cavities；By adjustment plate relative to liquid
Change the rotation around vertical axle for the device, the first extrusion cavities are selectively docked with one of them second extrusion cavities；With located at port of export end
The discharging opening of the extrusion cavities in adjustment plate of extrusion cavities docking on wall constitutes the extrusion spout of printhead.
From above scheme, by adjustment plate relative to liquefier rotating around vertical axle, realize the first extrusion cavities and its
In a second extrusion cavities docking combination constitute in running order extrusion cavities, effective aperture is combined, thus can
The effective aperture of in running order extrusion cavities is selected, more ranges of choice are provided, improve three-dimensional printer
Printing effect；Because only one of which heats melt chamber, it, after the effective aperture completing extrusion cavities adjusts, will not roll because of feeding
Wheel etc. the feeding inertia of feed mechanism and " excessive glue " phenomenon occurs.Further, since being substituted using the extrusion cavities in adjustment plate
The printing nozzle of existing oval column, can simplify the structure of printhead.
One specific scheme is a positioning disk for port of export end wall, and the center of positioning disk is formed with central shaft hole, the
One extrusion cavities are located at off-center axis hole on positioning disk；Adjustment unit also includes power transmission shaft and adjustment motor, adjustment motor
Armature spindle is connected with transmission shaft driven, and the lower end of power transmission shaft is passed through central shaft hole and is fixedly connected with adjustment plate；Power transmission shaft located at
Outside liquefier；Second extrusion cavities are located in adjustment plate around the axis of power transmission shaft with arranging.
More specifically scheme is that positioning disk is circle with adjustment plate；Adjustment unit also includes annular fixed seat and elasticity is close
Seal, the lower end of the inner chamber of annular fixed seat is provided with the first inner shoulder table；Annular fixed seat is fixedly connected with the positioning disk, in first
The endoporus of shoulder and adjustment dish gap cooperation；The upper surface of elastic seal ring is pressed on the lower surface of positioning disk, and lower surface supports
It is pressed on the upper surface of the first inner shoulder table；Elastic seal ring lock ring is in the circumference of adjustment plate；The lower surface of annular fixed seat with
Being smaller than equal to the spacing between the lower surface of adjustment plate and the lower surface of positioning disk between the lower surface of positioning disk.Improve adjustment
Sealing between disk and positioning disk, effectively prevent the moulding material of molten condition from the gap between the two seepage and drip in
On the printing surface of three-dimensional body, affect printing precision.
Preferably scheme is that liquefier includes heating melt chamber and heats the defeated of melt chamber and the first extrusion cavities for connection
Expects pipe.The lateral dimension that printhead is located at part under mounting seat can effectively be reduced, be convenient for printing.
Another specific scheme also includes the cylinder being fixedly connected with adjustment plate for adjustment unit；Liquefier is one and cylinder
The barrel-like structure of coaxial arrangement, cylinder and liquefier gap are ordinatedly placed on outside liquefier；Second extrusion cavities are around the axle of cylinder
It is located on port of export end wall to line arrangement.Due to only one of which extrusion cavities in adjustment plate, this extrusion cavities in print procedure always
In running order, do not appear in and moulding material cooled and solidified occurs in print procedure and block the first extrusion cavities, be distributed in
Multiple second extrusion cavities on port of export end wall are in connected state with heating melt chamber always, can keep remaining its interior molding
Material is molten condition, is in course of adjustment, and need not interrupt print procedure and carry out heating dredging, can be carried out continuously printing, improve
The regulated efficiency of extrusion cavities effective aperture, improves the efficiency of whole 3 D-printing process.
One more specifically scheme is for being sealedly and fixedly connected between the lower port of cylinder and adjustment plate.It is effectively prevented melting
The moulding material of state oozes out the printing surface being dropped in three-dimensional body between adjustment plate and port of export end wall, and impact prints essence
Degree.
Another more specifically scheme is a font structure of falling t for the heating chamber of liquefier, and the upper end of heating chamber is molding
The import of silk.
Preferably scheme is 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter for the thickness of adjustment plate.Due to adjustment plate thickness of thin, can reduce and stop
The moulding material of its extrusion in the hole is remained after only printing, or even noresidue, when reducing the heating dredging in starting print procedure
Between, improve the toggle speed of three-dimensional printer.
In order to realize another object of the present invention, three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides includes frame and rack-mounted
Printhead, object stage and control unit；The controlled unit of printhead controls ground can move as three dimensions relative to object stage；Print
Head includes liquefier and adjustment unit, and adjustment unit includes adjustment plate, and the normal of the card of adjustment plate is vertically arranged, adjustment plate
Upper disk surface be close to liquefier the end face of the port of export below liquefier, adjustment plate can be revolved around vertical axle relative to liquefier
Turn；One of the port of export end wall of liquefier and adjustment plate are provided with first extrusion cavities, another be provided with two with
On the second extrusion cavities；The effective aperture of each the second extrusion cavities is different, and the effective hole less than or equal to the first extrusion cavities
Footpath；By adjustment plate relative to liquefier rotating around vertical axle, the first extrusion cavities selectively with one of them the second extrusion cavities
Docking；The discharging opening of the extrusion cavities in adjustment plate docking with the extrusion cavities on port of export end wall constitutes printhead
Extrusion spout.
In order to realize still a further object of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of use three-dimensional printer to carry out printing three-dimensional body
Method, this three-dimensional printer includes frame and is arranged on printhead in this frame, object stage and control unit；Printhead is controlled
Unit processed controls ground can move as three dimensions relative to object stage；Printhead can extrude the thread melting of two or more different-diameters
State forming material；During printing three-dimensional body, select the printing precision phase of diameter and the different piece of three-dimensional body
The thread molten condition moulding material adapting to carries out printing this partial 3-D object；Be pointed to the loading surface of object stage at a distance of etc.
The first high printing portion and the second printing portion, the thickness of every layer of printable layer of the first printing portion is d1, the second printing portion
The thickness of the every layer of printable layer dividing is d2；Wherein, d2=2 × d1；When the upper surface of the printable layer of the first printing portion and second dozen
During the upper surface copline of printable layer of print part, hanging down between the extrusion spout of printhead and the upper surface of this two printable layers
Equal to spacing；During printing this two printable layer, the extrusion spout of printhead and each printable layer of the first printing portion
Vertical distance between printing surface is 2 to 2.5 with the ratio of d1；The extrusion spout of printhead and each printable layer of the second printing portion
Printing surface between the ratio of vertical distance and d2 be 1.5 to 1.75.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of existing three-dimensional printer；
Fig. 2 is the axonometric chart of three-dimensional printer first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that printhead first embodiment of the present invention omits matrix；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of liquefier in printhead first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structure decomposition figure that printhead first embodiment of the present invention omits matrix, feeding motor and material-feeding rolling wheels；
Fig. 6 is Part I and the Part II of the printed three-dimensional body of 3 D-printing method first embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that 3 D-printing method first embodiment of the present invention carries out printing the first state schematic diagram of three-dimensional body；
Fig. 8 is that 3 D-printing method first embodiment of the present invention carries out printing the second view of three-dimensional body；
Fig. 9 is that 3 D-printing method first embodiment of the present invention carries out printing the third state schematic diagram of three-dimensional body；
Figure 10 is that 3 D-printing method first embodiment of the present invention carries out printing the 4th view of three-dimensional body；
Figure 11 is the structure decomposition figure that printhead second embodiment of the present invention omits matrix, feeding motor, material-feeding rolling wheels；
Figure 12 is the structural representation that printhead 3rd embodiment of the present invention omits matrix；
Figure 13 is that printhead fourth embodiment of the present invention omits matrix and the structural representation of adjustment motor；
Figure 14 is that printhead fourth embodiment of the present invention omits matrix and the structure sectional view of adjustment motor；
Figure 15 is the structural representation of liquefier in printhead fourth embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 16 is the structural representation of adjustment plate and cylinder in printhead fourth embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 17 is that printhead the 5th embodiment of the present invention omits matrix and the structure sectional view of adjustment motor.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment
The present invention mainly improves to the print head structure of three-dimensional printer, to improve the printing of this three-dimensional printer
Efficiency and printing precision, the other parts structure of three-dimensional printer is designed according to existing product.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2, three-dimensional printer 1 by frame 10 and is installed on printhead 11 in frame 10, feeding device, flexible pipe
13rd, object stage 14, walking mechanism and control unit are constituted.Walking mechanism has a pair of guide rails being arranged in parallel along the x-axis direction
151, second being arranged in parallel along the y-axis direction pair guide rail 152 and mounting seat 153；It is right that second pair of guide rail 152 two ends are arranged on first
On guide rail 151 and can be moved along it, printhead 11 is arranged on second pair of guide rail 152 by mounting seat 153, and control unit controls
Driving means drive installation seat 153 in walking mechanism moves along the second guide rail 152 and drives the second guide rail 152 along the first guide rail
151 is mobile, thus driving printhead 11 to move in the x-y plane of level, controls object stage 14 to move along vertical z-axis simultaneously
Dynamic, that is, control printhead 11 to move as three dimensions relative to object stage 14.The shaping silk of feeding device supply passes through flexible pipe 13,
The material-feeding rolling wheels of printhead 11 drive the lower heating melting intracavity melted by heating entering liquefier to become molten condition moulding material.
Referring to Fig. 3, printhead 11 by matrix and is arranged on feeding motor 1121 on matrix, material-feeding rolling wheels 1122, feeding
Roller 1123, liquefier 111, adjustment motor 113, adjustment plate 114 and power transmission shaft 115 are constituted.Printhead 11 is fixed by matrix
In mounting seat 153.Material-feeding rolling wheels 1122 are driven by feeding motor 1121 with material-feeding rolling wheels 1123.The top of power transmission shaft 115 can
It is arranged on rotating about the axis thereof on matrix, that is, power transmission shaft 115 matrix relatively is irremovable vertically；Adjustment motor 113 has
The gear 1131 being coaxially fixedly connected with its armature spindle, power transmission shaft 115 is circumferentially formed with a circle and is mutually nibbled with gear 1131
The gear teeth closing；The port of export end wall of liquefier 111 is positioning disk 116, and the center of positioning disk 116 is formed with a central shaft hole
1161, the front end of power transmission shaft 115 is coaxially fixedly connected with adjustment plate 114 after passing through central shaft hole 1161, on positioning disk 116 partially
It is formed with one first extrusion cavities away from the position of central shaft hole 1161, this first extrusion cavities constitutes the discharge opening of liquefier 111.?
During printing three-dimensional body, the shaping silk 0123 that supplied by feeding device squeezes entrance through material-feeding rolling wheels 1122 and 1123
The heating melting intracavity of liquefier 111 is heated in molten condition.The upper surface of adjustment plate 114 and the following table of positioning disk 116
Face is closely located at the lower section of positioning disk 116.
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, adjustment plate 114 is disposed with its axis direction the second extrusion cavities 1141,1142,
1143rd, 1144 and 1145, the effective aperture of this five the second extrusion cavities all differs and less than or equal to the first extrusion cavities 1162
Effective aperture.Adjustment motor 113 drives power transmission shaft 115 by gear 1131 and then drives adjustment plate 114 to rotate about the axis thereof, from
And the discharging opening of realizing the first extrusion cavities 1162 is selectively relative with the charging aperture of one of them the second extrusion cavities connects.Printing
During three-dimensional body, the moulding material of molten condition is from the discharging with relative the second extrusion connecing of the first extrusion cavities 1162
Mouth is extruded to the loading surface of object stage 14, prints three-dimensional body layer by layer.
Referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, during carrying out using three-dimensional printer 1 printing three-dimensional body, select and three-dimensional body
The second extrusion cavities that the printing precision of middle different piece is adapted carry out printing this partial 3-D object, until completing whole three-dimensional
The printing of object.For the not high three-dimensional body of required precision, can using the second larger extrusion cavities 1141 of effective aperture ratio,
1142 and 1143 are printed, and for the high three-dimensional body of required precision, can adopt less second extrusion cavities of effective aperture ratio
1145th, 1144 and 1143 printed.
During printing three-dimensional body, during the part of the high-precision requirement in printing three-dimensional body for the three-dimensional printer,
As the outer surface of three-dimensional body, the second extrusion cavities of the less effective aperture in adjustment plate 114, such as the second extrusion cavities 1145, with
First extrusion cavities 1162 dock, and so that the discharging opening of the moulding material of molten condition the second extrusion cavities from less effective aperture is squeezed
Go out, realize the printing of high-precision requirement；Three-dimensional printer when printing the low required precision part of three-dimensional body, such as filling part
Point, the second extrusion cavities of the larger effective aperture in adjustment plate 114, such as the second extrusion cavities 1141, right with the first extrusion cavities 1162
Connect, so that molten condition moulding material is extruded from the discharging opening of the second extrusion cavities, in same time, the second of larger effective aperture squeezes
The amount of the moulding material of the second extrusion cavities extrusion of the smaller effective aperture of amount of the moulding material of extrusion of portalling is many, low printing
Can save more time-write intervals during precision nibble, improve printing effect.
Referring to Fig. 6, three-dimensional body 02 is made up of outer surface layer part and filling part, corresponds to the first printing portion 021
With the second printing portion 022, require and improve printing effect to meet corresponding printing precision, less using effective aperture
Second extrusion cavities carry out printing the first printing portion, i.e. the thinner thickness of every layer of printable layer；Using effective aperture larger second
Extrusion cavities carry out printing the second printing portion, and that is, the thickness of every layer of printable layer is thicker.
Referring to Fig. 7 to Figure 10, using thickness, the printable layer for d1 is printed the first printing portion 021, the second printing portion
Point 022 using thickness, the printable layer for d2 is printed, d2=n × d1, wherein n >=2, and n is integer, the value of n in this example
For 2.
First carry out printing the first printing portion 021 using less second extrusion cavities 1144 in effective aperture as shown in Figure 7
Printable layer 0211, then adopts the second extrusion cavities 1144 to print another layer of printable layer of the first printing portion 021 as shown in Figure 8
0212, then adopt the second extrusion cavities 1142 to print one layer of printable layer 0221 of the second printing portion 022 as shown in Figure 9, such as 10
The shown last printable layer 0213 and 0214 adopting the second extrusion cavities 1144 to print the first printing branch 021 is constituted on three-dimensional body
The outer surface layer on surface.
Due to d2=2 × d1, so first printing the printable layer of two-layer the first printing portion 021, then print one layer second dozen
The printable layer of print part 022, constitutes a printing interval, often after a printing interval, the uppermost printing of three-dimensional body
Face is a plane, is easy to follow-up printable layer and is printed for the plane of reference with this printing surface, improves the printing precision of three-dimensional body.
When printing every layer of slicing layer, if between the printing surface referenced by the extrusion spout of printhead and this printable layer
When the ratio of the thickness of vertical distance and this printable layer is 1.5 to 2.5, preferable printing effect can be obtained, because here ratio
In the range of example, extrusion spout will not produce extruding and be easy to control moulding material to the thread molten condition moulding material of extrusion
Deposition path, such that it is able to form good printable layer, improves the printing precision of three-dimensional body, as shown in fig. 7, under printhead 11
Port, that is, the spacing between extrusion spout and the printing surface of printable layer 0211 is h1, and the thickness of printable layer 0211 is d1, when h1 with
The relation of d1 is h1=m × d1, when the value of m is 1.5 to 2.5, can obtain good printing effect.
Referring to Fig. 9, after printhead 11 has printed printable layer 0212 of the first printing portion 021, printhead 11 is with apart
The loading surface 141 identical vertical distance of object stage 14 carries out printing the printable layer 0221 of the second printing portion 022, then need not be right
Vertical distance between printhead 11 and loading surface 141 is adjusted, and not only can improve printing effect, and can improve and beat
Print precision.In the case of hereinto, the relation satisfaction of h1, h2, d1 and d2 is following various:
h2=h1+d1；
d2=2×d1；
H1=m1 × d1,1.5≤m1≤2.5；
H2=m2 × d2,1.5≤m2≤2.5；
That is, 2 × m2 × d1=m1 × d1+d1；
Can obtain, 2 × m2=m1+1, and 1.5≤m1≤2.5,1.5≤m2≤2.5；
So when the value of m1 and m2 is 2≤m1≤2.5, during 1.5≤m2≤1.75, often taking a m1 value, all having one
M2 value is matched with it, makes printhead 11 during printing printable layer 0212 and printable layer 0221, the extrusion spray of printhead 11
Mouth is equal with the vertical distance between loading surface 141.
By that analogy, as d2=n × d1, wherein n >=2, and when n is integer, the relation of h1, h2, d1 and d2 is as follows:
H2=h1+(n-1) d1；
D2=n × d1, n >=2 and be integer；
H1=m1 × d1,1.5≤m1≤2.5；
H2=m2 × d2,1.5≤m2≤2.5；
That is, n × m2 × d1=m1 × d1+ (n-1) × d1；
Can obtain, (m2-1) × n=m1-1,1.5≤m1≤2.5,1.5≤m2≤2.5；
So when the value of m1 and m2 is 0.5n+1≤m1≤1.5n+1,2.5≤n × m2≤3.5, n >=2 and be integer
When, often take a m1 value, all have a m2 value to match with value, make printhead 11 print printable layer 0212 and printable layer
During 0221, the extrusion spout of printhead 11 is equal with the vertical distance between loading surface 141;
So n can only the span for 2, m1 and m2 for the value be 2≤m1≤2.5,1.5≤m2≤1.75.
The shaping silk of this example can carry out printing three-dimensional body using the shaping silk that the material such as abs, pla is made.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing second embodiment
As the explanation to printhead of the present invention, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing second embodiment, below only to
The difference of above-mentioned printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment illustrates.
Referring to Figure 11, adjustment unit also has annular fixed seat 218 and elastic seal ring 217, annular fixed seat 218 and tune
The thickness of whole disk 214 is equal, and the front end of annular fixed seat 218 inner chamber is formed with the first inner shoulder table 2181.
When annular fixed seat 218, elastic seal ring 217, adjustment plate 214 and positioning disk 216 are assembled together, adjustment plate
214 and first inner shoulder table 2181 the cooperation of interior interporal lacuna, two surfaces up and down of elastic seal ring 217 are pressed on positioning disk 216
Between the upper surface of lower surface and the first inner shoulder table 2181, the endoporus of elastic seal ring 217 is socketed on the circumference of adjustment plate 214
Outward, the elastic restoring force of elastic seal ring 217 forces its lock ring in the circumference of adjustment plate 214.
In print procedure, elastic seal ring can effectively ensure that the moulding material of molten condition will not be from positioning disk
Gap between 216 and adjustment plate 214 is oozed out and is dropped on the printing surface of three-dimensional body, reduces the printing essence of three-dimensional body
Degree.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing 3rd embodiment
As the explanation to printhead of the present invention, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing 3rd embodiment, below only to
The difference of above-mentioned printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment illustrates.
Referring to Figure 12, liquefier 311 also has conveying pipeline 3111, and conveying pipeline 3111 is wrapped with adiabator layer, conveying
Pipe 3111 is used for connecting the heating melt chamber of liquefier 311 and the first extrusion cavities on positioning disk 316.
Thus effectively reducing the lateral dimension that printhead protrudes from mounting seat section below, it is convenient for printing.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing fourth embodiment
As the explanation to printhead of the present invention, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing fourth embodiment, below only to
The difference of above-mentioned printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment illustrates.
The liquefier of this example three-dimensional printer is squeezed using the screw rod as described by cn103847101a and cn104626556a
Go out to heat cavity configuration, it is printed using powder or graininess moulding material, omits material-feeding rolling wheels and feeding motor.Powder
Or the feeding device of granular moulding material may be installed in mounting seat, or it is arranged in frame and by conduit to printhead
Supply moulding material.
Referring to Figure 13 to Figure 16, liquefier by barrel-like structure heating cavity 4111 and with heating cavity 4111 coaxial arrangement
Extrusion screw rod 4112 constitute, power transmission shaft, the periphery sealing of the lower port of cylinder 415 and adjustment plate 414 are substituted using cylinder 415
Be fixedly connected, between adjustment plate 414 and liquefier port of export end wall 416 by rotary shaft 410 coaxial arrangement, rotary shaft 410 with
Be to be sealedly and fixedly connected between port of export end wall 416, the upper surface of adjustment plate 414 is recessed shrinkage pool 4142, rotary shaft 410 with
Shrinkage pool 4142 gap coordinates.
Referring to Figure 15, port of export end wall 416 is provided with the second extrusion cavities 4161,4162,4163 and 4164, and four second are squeezed
The axial direction of cincture rotary shaft 410 of portalling is distributed on port of export end wall 416.
Referring to Figure 16, adjustment plate 414 is provided with first extrusion cavities 4141.
In print procedure, adjustment Motor drive cylinder 415 drives adjustment plate 414 around the axis rotation of rotation 410, realizes
First extrusion cavities 4141 are docked with one of them second extrusion cavities.
In print procedure, the second extrusion cavities 4161,4162,4163 and 4164 are all connected with heating melt chamber, and heating is molten
Melt the molten condition moulding material of intracavity by temperature transfer to the moulding material positioned at the second extrusion in the hole, effectively prevent its due to
The reduction of temperature and cooled and solidified, the first extrusion cavities 4141 are constantly in print state in print procedure, in adjustment extrusion cavities
Effective aperture when, need not interrupt print procedure, improve printing effect.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing the 5th embodiment
As the explanation to printhead of the present invention, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing the 5th embodiment, below only to
The difference of above-mentioned printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment illustrates.
Referring to Figure 17, the heating chamber 5510 in the heating cavity 511 of liquefier is a font structure of falling t, using cylinder 515
Substitute power transmission shaft, the lower port of cylinder 515 is sealedly and fixedly connected with the periphery of adjustment plate 514, adjustment plate 514 is exported with liquefier
Between the end wall 516 of end by rotary shaft 510 coaxial arrangement, be the fixing company of sealing between rotary shaft 510 and port of export end wall 516
Connect, the upper surface of adjustment plate 514 is recessed shrinkage pool 5142, rotary shaft 510 and the cooperation of shrinkage pool 5142 gap.
Port of export end wall 516 is provided with four the second extrusion cavities, and four the second extrusion cavities are axially equal around rotary shaft 510
Cloth is on port of export end wall 516.
Adjustment plate 514 is provided with first extrusion cavities 5141.
Printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing sixth embodiment
As the explanation to printhead of the present invention, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing sixth embodiment, below only to
The difference of above-mentioned printhead, three-dimensional printer and its Method of printing first embodiment illustrates.
Referring to 17, cylinder 515 is fixedly connected with the matrix of printhead, is liquefied the heating cavity of device by adjusting Motor drive
511 rotate around rotary shaft 510.
Because, during the working condition of adjustment the second extrusion cavities, adjustment plate holding position is constant, i.e. the first extrusion
Hole 4141 position keeps constant, after being conveniently adjusted, printhead is positioned.
Cross-sectional area due to extruding thread molten condition moulding material from extrusion cavities is limited at extrusion cavities minimum
Cross-sectional area, so the effective aperture in the present invention refers in the first extrusion cavities and the second extrusion cavities the cross section institute at minimum
The aperture being converted to, the first extrusion cavities and the second extrusion cavities are preferably the hole of column type, and it is non-circular that cross section may also be employed
Extrusion cavities, such as square, rectangle etc..
For the quantity of the second extrusion cavities, it is chosen as two or more, particular number need to be set according to printing needs
Put.
For extrusion cavities, the effective diameter of the thread molten condition moulding material extruded from it can be in more than this extrusion
The effective aperture in hole is it is also possible to be less than the effective aperture of this extrusion cavities, for example, one 0.2 millimeter of extrusion cavities generally can squeeze
Go out 0.1 millimeter of thread moulding material to 0.3 mm dia, so the effective aperture of extrusion cavities is not limited to extrude target silk
The diameter of shape moulding material, but it is equal to be preferably generally the two.
In above-mentioned first embodiment, 3rd embodiment to sixth embodiment, residual in order to reduce molten condition moulding material
Stay extrusion in the hole in adjustment plate, this extrusion cavities of frozen plug, carry out making adjustment for 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter using thickness
Disk.Adjustment plate and port of export end wall preferably employ the good Heat Conduction Material of heat conductivity and make, such as metal material.
From the second printing portion, the first printing portion in the present invention refers to that printing precision requires different two parts, not
It is confined to the outer surface layer part in the various embodiments described above and filling part.
Claims (10)
1. printhead, for three-dimensional printer, including liquefier；
It is characterized in that:
Adjustment unit, described adjustment unit includes adjustment plate, and the normal of the card of described adjustment plate is vertically arranged, described adjustment
, with being close to the end face of the port of export of described liquefier below described liquefier, described adjustment plate is relatively described for the upper disk surface of disk
Liquefier can rotate around vertical axle；
One of the port of export end wall of described liquefier and described adjustment plate are provided with first extrusion cavities, and another sets
There are plural second extrusion cavities；
The effective aperture of each described second extrusion cavities is different, and the effective aperture less than or equal to described first extrusion cavities；
By described adjustment plate relative to described liquefier rotating around described vertical axle, described first extrusion cavities selectively with its
In one described second extrusion cavities docking；
The discharging opening of the extrusion cavities in described adjustment plate being docked with the extrusion cavities on described port of export end wall is constituted
The extrusion spout of described printhead.
2. according to claim 1 printhead it is characterised in that:
Described port of export end wall is a positioning disk, and the center of described positioning disk is provided with central shaft hole, described first extrusion hole position
Deviate at described central shaft hole on described positioning disk；
Described adjustment unit also includes power transmission shaft and adjustment motor, and the armature spindle of described adjustment motor is with described transmission shaft driven even
Connect, the lower end of described power transmission shaft is passed through described central shaft hole and is fixedly connected with described adjustment plate；
Described power transmission shaft is outside described liquefier；
Described second extrusion cavities are located in described adjustment plate around the axis of described power transmission shaft with arranging.
3. according to claim 2 printhead it is characterised in that:
Described positioning disk and described adjustment plate are circle；
Described adjustment unit also includes annular fixed seat and elastic seal ring, and the lower end of the inner chamber of described annular fixed seat is provided with
First inner shoulder table；
Described annular fixed seat is fixedly connected with described positioning disk, and the endoporus of described first inner shoulder table is joined with described adjustment dish gap
Close；
The upper surface of described elastic seal ring is pressed on the lower surface of described positioning disk, and lower surface is pressed on shoulder in described first
On the upper surface of platform；
Described elastic seal ring lock ring is in the circumference of described adjustment plate；
Being smaller than equal under described adjustment plate between the lower surface of the lower surface of described annular fixed seat and described positioning disk
Spacing between the lower surface of surface and described positioning disk.
4. according to Claims 2 or 3 printhead it is characterised in that:
Described liquefier includes heating melt chamber and the conveying pipeline for connecting described heating melt chamber and described first extrusion cavities.
5. according to claim 1 printhead it is characterised in that:
Described adjustment unit also includes the cylinder being fixedly connected with described adjustment plate；
Described liquefier is the barrel-like structure of one and described cylinder coaxial arrangement, and described cylinder is with described liquefier gap ordinatedly
It is placed on outside described liquefier；
Described second extrusion cavities are located on described port of export end wall around the axis of described cylinder with arranging.
6. according to claim 5 printhead it is characterised in that:
It is to be sealedly and fixedly connected between the lower port of described cylinder and described adjustment plate.
7. according to claim 5 printhead it is characterised in that:
The heating chamber of described liquefier is a font structure of falling t, and the upper port of described heating chamber is the import of shaping silk.
8. according to claim 2,5,6 or 7 printhead it is characterised in that:
The thickness of described adjustment plate is 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter.
9. three-dimensional printer, including frame and be arranged on printhead in described frame, object stage and control unit；
Described printhead is controlled by described control unit and can move as three dimensions relative to described object stage；
Described printhead includes liquefier；
It is characterized in that:
Adjustment unit, described adjustment unit includes adjustment plate, and the normal of the card of described adjustment plate is vertically arranged, described adjustment
, with being close to the end face of the port of export of described liquefier below described liquefier, described adjustment plate is relatively described for the upper disk surface of disk
Liquefier can rotate around vertical axle；
One of the port of export end wall of described liquefier and described adjustment plate are provided with first extrusion cavities, and another sets
There are plural second extrusion cavities；
The effective aperture of each described second extrusion cavities is different, and the effective aperture less than or equal to described first extrusion cavities；
By described adjustment plate relative to described liquefier rotating around described vertical axle, described first extrusion cavities selectively with its
In one described second extrusion cavities docking；
The discharging opening of the extrusion cavities in described adjustment plate being docked with the extrusion cavities on described port of export end wall is constituted
The extrusion spout of described printhead.
10. 3 D-printing method, the three-dimensional printer being used includes frame and is arranged on printhead in described frame, loading
Platform and control unit；
Described printhead is controlled by described control unit and can move as three dimensions relative to described object stage；
Described printhead can extrude the thread molten condition moulding material of two or more different-diameters；
The method includes:
During printing three-dimensional body, select adaptable thread of printing precision of diameter and the different piece of three-dimensional body
Molten condition moulding material carries out printing this partial 3-D object；
It is pointed to the loading surface of described object stage at a distance of the first contour printing portion and the second printing portion, described first dozen
The thickness of every layer of printable layer of print part is d1, and the thickness of every layer of printable layer of described second printing portion is d2；
Wherein, d2=2 × d1；
When the upper surface of printable layer of described first printing portion is put down altogether with the upper surface of the printable layer of described second printing portion
During face, the extrusion spout of described printhead is equal with the vertical distance between the upper surface of this two printable layers；Print this two
During individual printable layer, hanging down between the extrusion spout of described printhead and the printing surface of printable layer of described first printing portion
It is 2 to 2.5 to the ratio of spacing and d1；The extrusion spout of described printhead and the printing of the printable layer of described second printing portion
Vertical distance between face is 1.5 to 1.75 with the ratio of d2.
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| EP3501798A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-26 | Bond high performance 3D technology B.V. | Feedstock liquefier replacement in additive manufacturing |
| CN108422662A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-21 | 温州大学瓯江学院 | A kind of automatic material-changing device based on FDM mode 3D printings |
| CN108380886A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-10 | 宝鸡高新智能制造技术有限公司 | A kind of tin material desktop 3D printer |
| CN109203472A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-01-15 | 泉州市联控自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of two head printers structure of 3D printer |
| CN109203471A (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-01-15 | 泉州市联控自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-head printer structure of 3D printer |
| CN111070614A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-28 | 安徽三绿实业有限公司 | 3D printing consumables processing is with extrusion silk device |
| CN114347466A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-15 | 苏州美梦机器有限公司 | 3D printing device with multiple rows of extrusion holes and control method thereof |
| CN113388911B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-08-23 | 重庆大学 | Highly oriented collagen fiber, and application, preparation method and preparation device thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20220902 Address after: Room 103-036, 1st Floor, Building 1, No. 18, Futian Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, 519000 (centralized office area) Patentee after: Zhuhai Tianwei Additives Co.,Ltd. Address before: 519060 Guangdong province Zhuhai Nanping Science and Technology Industrial Park, ping North Road No. 32 Patentee before: PRINT RITE UNICORN IMAGE PRODUCTS Co.,Ltd. OF ZHUHAI |