CN1048784A - 抑制马铃薯发芽 - Google Patents
抑制马铃薯发芽 Download PDFInfo
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000005490 Carbetamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- NTFOMPCTOJCWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidine-1-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)N1CCNC1 NTFOMPCTOJCWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VXPLXMJHHKHSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propham Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VXPLXMJHHKHSOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/20—N-Aryl derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3499—Organic compounds containing oxygen with doubly-bound oxygen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
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- A23L3/3526—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明涉及用长杀草抑制马铃薯的发芽,例如贮
藏期的发芽。
Description
本发明涉及控制和抑制马铃薯发芽的方法,更具体地说,是用长杀草(Carbetamide)对马铃薯发芽进行化学抑制。
长杀草是下述化学式的化合物:
其又称为D-N-乙基-乳酰胺氨基甲酸苯酯或N-苯基-1-(乙基氨基甲酰基)乙基氨基甲酸酯(D-异构体)。
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)由收获到消费间的贮藏期间应加以延长,但这期间它们有发芽的趋势,这种发芽可导致一定程度的腐坏,这是要求避免的。已知有大量的化学制剂可抑制马铃薯的发芽(例如:氯苯胺灵、苯胺灵、四氯硝基苯),但它们均存在着各种缺点。现在我们发现长杀草是一种有效的发芽抑制剂(可以减少水份损失和保持饱满度),比现时所用的材料拥有更多的优点。除了抑制贮藏期发芽外,还发现长杀草可用来延迟种子马铃薯在播种前的发芽,而一旦播种,贮藏期发芽的抑制作用即得以解除。
发芽的抑制是指减少每个块茎上的芽数和/或降低芽长。
为此,本发明提供了一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法,该方法包括用一定量的长杀草使之足以抑制马铃薯的发芽,例如,可以在贮藏前或贮藏期间施用长杀草来抑制贮藏马铃薯的发芽,而最好是挖出该作物后于贮藏前在常规用药处理期间或之后施用。在用长杀草处理之前最好不清洗块茎(但用仔细控制温度的水清洗也是可行的)。
长杀草是一种已广泛用于草料、田间作物以及芸苔科种子和豆科以及其它多种农作物载培的已知的选择性除莠剂。它还可用于控制休闲耕地、果园、葡萄园和苗圃中的杂草。
长杀草还具有植物生长调节活性,可作为一种有效的烟草植物的根出条抑制剂,其中长杀草改变了分生组织的活性,从而阻滞或抑制了腋生萌芽的生长。但是,目前已知的作用方式与抑制已经收获的农作物的发芽是完全不同的,在烟草中,主要的作用是选择性抑制仍在生长的植物中的特定(即非顶生的)萌芽的生长。
本发明处理马铃薯的方法可以采用任何已知的长杀草组合物,适用于本发明方法的组合物包括长杀草与稀释剂或载体的组合物,这些组合物可以制成诸如可湿性粉末、扬撒粉末、溶液、乳化性浓缩物、乳浊液、浓缩悬浮液和烟雾剂等形式,一般来说,包含有1-95%(重量)的活性材料;可以出现的其它成份包括表面活性剂和其它可接受的辅料,如吸收剂,粘合剂,渗透剂和稳定剂以及其它活性组分,例如杀菌剂和杀虫剂。“载体”指的是有机的、无机的、天然的或合成的材料,长杀草与之结合是为了使其便于使用,运输、处理或粘合到马铃薯上。载体可以是固体的(如粘土或者天然的或合成的硅酸盐),或者是液体的(如水或有机溶剂,有机溶剂包括酮类、如丙酮、苯乙酮和环己酮之类的环酮;二甲基甲酰胺,低级链烷醇,如甲醇或变性乙醇,氯化烃,如二氯甲烷,芳香族溶剂,如甲苯和二甲苯,石油分馏物)。优选的固体载体是水溶性的和食品级的载体,如聚烯醇(PVA)和糖基产品。
表面活性剂可以是一种乳化剂,分散剂或吸湿剂,并且可以是离子或非离子型的,适用的乳化剂包括普通使用的阳离子、阴离子,非离子或两性离子的材料,例如,聚丙烯酸的盐,木素磺酸以及环氧乙烷与脂肪醇、酸和胺的缩合物。
可以包含在组合物中同时应用的其它辅料有杀菌剂和杀虫剂,可以与长杀草一起施用的杀菌剂的实例是imazalil和二氯苯基甲乙基二氧咪唑烷羧酰胺。
典型地,分散在液体或固体介质上或其中的长杀草的浓度最好是0.01-80%(重量),例如0.5-50%(重量)。
长杀草在水中的可溶程度是大约3.5克/升,在液体介质中,长杀草最好以乳化的水分散液形式使用,可以采用一种适当的溶剂来乳化浓缩的溶液。长杀草还可以由可湿性粉末形成水悬浮液后施用,溶剂、活性剂和表面活性剂可以制成可乳化的浓缩物形式,该浓缩物在使用前用水稀释到适当浓度。液体浓缩剂最好是制成喷雾用的分散液,当然,这类浓缩剂可以根据分散液的应用,通过气溶胶,烟雾而加以改进,这些改进技术是已知的。
施用长杀草液剂可以采用手工方法,如手工喷啉、用喷水壶,浸渍等,但是也可以采用大型常规操作设备(如安置有辊台的设备)。还可以用雾化器分散液体。
施用长杀草的最好方式是喷啉其可湿性粉末的水分散液或悬浮液,对于马铃薯,采用安装有辊台的设备是很容易进行的;重要的是要确保块茎上的所有芽眼完全覆盖住。
长杀草还可以按固体形式施用,即通过可湿性粉末、粉尘或颗粒施用。例如借助粉末颗粒分散器将必要量的固体通过扬撒或分散在欲处理的贮藏农作物上。可湿性粉末或颗粒最好是以固体剂型使用。
浓缩的组合物、液体、固体或半固体在使用前需稀释以确保分布均匀,所需稀释的程度取决于使用的方式,当采用水分散液或悬浮液这类液体形式喷啉长杀草时,活性组份的浓度可以为0.01-80%(重量),例如4.5-50%(重量)范围内。
优选含有大约65%(重量)长杀草的可湿性粉末即制成含有100-300克/升长杀草的长杀草溶液。
使用固体组合物,其中活性组份的浓度与液体组合物是相同的。
如上所述,长杀草与其它活性物质,如杀菌剂和杀虫剂是兼容的,因此,可以把它与之结合起来施用于贮藏的农作物,使用时可以分开进行,先后进行或同时进行。
长杀草的使用量一般是每吨马铃薯17-200克(指活性成份的量)。
种子马铃薯种植后临时抑制发芽时,最好采用17-50克活性成份/吨的量。可以确信长杀草在土壤中被降解了:使用的长杀草量越大,延迟发芽的时间越长。
对于抑制贮藏的马铃薯的发芽,优选用量为17-200克活性成份/吨,最佳的是30-70克活性成份/吨。
一般说来,温度越低、抑制发芽所需的长杀草量就越少,长杀草用量还依土豆品种而变化,某些品种比另一些品种更易发芽。
举例说明,下面的组合物可用于本发明的方法
可湿性粉末(重量百分比)
长杀草 70 50
17-乙氧基壬基酚
(润湿剂) 2 2
聚羧酸酯(分散剂) 2 2
二氧化硅(载体) 26 25
碳酸钙(载体) 0 21
乳化浓缩物
长杀草 300克
苯乙酮(载体) 180克
7-乙氧基壬基酚 200克
环己酮(载体) 1000立方厘米 液体
长杀草的急性致死剂量(LD50)是11000毫克/公斤动物体重,实践证明没有慢性毒性。在兔子眼睛(5毫克)和兔子皮肤(5%膏箱)上进行的典型应用也表明没有刺激作用。
因此,对哺乳动物来说,长杀草比以前所用的发芽抑制剂毒性或刺激性要低,对非技术工人使用就更安全。此外,由于没有明显的毒性,块茎上的残留物对加工者和最终消费者的健康和环境的损害也就明显的降低了。
长杀草还减少了处理过的块茎的腐坏,对消费者更容易接受了。
另外,长杀草比目前所用的发芽抑制剂不易挥发,因此,可以作选择性处理,并能防止交叉感染,因为处理的作用面积不会扩展。这样就无需将处理的块茎与不处理的块茎或其它贮藏的农作物隔离开,或者在处理过程中采用复杂的分离程序,而该程序对目前使用的抑制剂是必需的。非常低的挥发性还可以使马铃薯贮藏中操作人员免于蒸汽暴露的危险。
按照本发明的处理方法还可以比常规处理中的重量损失小得多。
下面的实例将详细说明按照本发明长杀草的应用。
实例
用不同量的含长杀草65%(重量)的可湿性粉末处理四个品种的马铃薯,贮藏三个月后,与未处理的马铃薯进行比较以确定抑制发芽的程度。
结果如下:
马铃薯品种 组合物的施用量(克/吨) 抑制率(%)
3个月 5个月
Squire 500 69 99
100 96 99
150 99 99
300 99 99
Romano 50 * 75
100 * 93
150 * 96
300 * 97
Desiree 50 71 98
100 97 98
150 99 99
300 100 99
Cara 50 88 87
100 98 98
150 100 99
300 100 99
*晚发芽品种
在比较实验中,作类似的试验,但按1300克/吨的比率用BYG RAN S(一种以四氯硝基苯为基料的商购组合物)处理马铃薯,结果如下:
马铃薯品种 抑制率(%)
3个月 5个月
Squire 78 98
Romano * 75
Desiree 93 83
Cara 85 82
还测定了不同处理情况下的马铃薯重量损失,并与常规处理的结果及未经处理的对照组进行比较,试验的所有品种的平均值如下所示:
处理情况 重量损失
3个月 5个月
空白(对照组) 1.8 3.3
长杀草50克/吨 1.4 2.8
长杀草100克/吨 1.5 2.8
长杀草150克/吨 1.3 2.2
长杀草300克/吨 1.5 2.3
Bygran S 1300克/吨 1.9 3.5
Claims (10)
1、一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法,该方法包括将一定量的长杀草施用于马铃薯使之足以抑制发芽。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在贮藏前或贮藏期间施用长杀草以抑制马铃薯在贮藏期间的发芽。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于在马铃薯挖出后且用药处理期过后施用长杀草。
4、根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于施用长杀草之前,马铃薯不进行清洗。
5、根据上述权利要求任意之一的方法,其特征在于长杀草的施用量为每吨马铃薯17-200克。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,其特征在于长杀草的施用量为每吨马铃薯30-70克。
7、根据上述权利要求任意之一的方法,其特征在于通过喷撒长杀草的水分散液或悬浮液来施用长杀草。
8、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在种植前,将长杀草施用于马铃薯上以延迟发芽。
9、根据权利要求1或8的方法,其特征在于长杀草的用量是每吨马铃薯17-50克。
10、一种用于抑制马铃薯发芽的组合物,该组合物包括长杀草和一种可接受的稀释剂或载体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GBNO.8914748 | 1989-06-27 | ||
GB898914748A GB8914748D0 (en) | 1989-06-27 | 1989-06-27 | New method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1048784A true CN1048784A (zh) | 1991-01-30 |
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ID=10659135
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN90106662A Pending CN1048784A (zh) | 1989-06-27 | 1990-06-26 | 抑制马铃薯发芽 |
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CN (1) | CN1048784A (zh) |
AT (1) | AT393933B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU622813B2 (zh) |
BE (1) | BE1003881A5 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2019518A1 (zh) |
CH (1) | CH680826A5 (zh) |
DD (1) | DD295970A5 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE4020499A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK154890A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2032242B1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2648674A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB8914748D0 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR1000652B (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT59801A (zh) |
IE (1) | IE902201A1 (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1249013B (zh) |
LU (1) | LU87755A1 (zh) |
NL (1) | NL9001454A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL285789A1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT94500A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1833138C (zh) |
YU (1) | YU124390A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA904825B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105123905A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-09 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
CN104397149B (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2017-03-15 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | 一种采用西伯利亚花楸提取液抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
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BE597035A (zh) * | 1959-11-17 | |||
FR1346425A (fr) * | 1962-11-07 | 1963-12-20 | Vondelingen Plaat Bv | Procédé de conservation des pommes de terre |
FR95866E (fr) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-11-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouvel aliment composé renfermant des algues du type spiruline. |
US4095971A (en) * | 1977-03-08 | 1978-06-20 | Rhodia, Inc. | Tobacco sucker control |
EP0104902A3 (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1986-01-22 | Wheatley Chemical Company Limited | Protection agent for fruits and vegetable tubers |
DE3713198A1 (de) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-10-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Keimhemmungsmittel fuer kartoffeln |
-
1989
- 1989-06-27 GB GB898914748A patent/GB8914748D0/en active Pending
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- 1990-06-18 IE IE220190A patent/IE902201A1/en unknown
- 1990-06-21 CA CA002019518A patent/CA2019518A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1990-06-25 PL PL28578990A patent/PL285789A1/xx unknown
- 1990-06-25 AU AU57761/90A patent/AU622813B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-25 NL NL9001454A patent/NL9001454A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-25 GR GR900100486A patent/GR1000652B/el unknown
- 1990-06-25 AT AT0135390A patent/AT393933B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-26 PT PT94500A patent/PT94500A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-26 DK DK154890A patent/DK154890A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-26 ES ES9001762A patent/ES2032242B1/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-26 YU YU124390A patent/YU124390A/sh unknown
- 1990-06-26 CN CN90106662A patent/CN1048784A/zh active Pending
- 1990-06-26 FR FR9008301A patent/FR2648674A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-06-26 RU SU904830320A patent/RU1833138C/ru active
- 1990-06-27 CH CH2147/90A patent/CH680826A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-27 LU LU87755A patent/LU87755A1/fr unknown
- 1990-06-27 BE BE9000658A patent/BE1003881A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-27 DD DD90342158A patent/DD295970A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-27 IT IT02079390A patent/IT1249013B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-27 HU HU904012A patent/HUT59801A/hu unknown
- 1990-06-27 DE DE4020499A patent/DE4020499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104397149B (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2017-03-15 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | 一种采用西伯利亚花楸提取液抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
CN105123905A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-09 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2032242A1 (es) | 1993-01-16 |
GB8914748D0 (en) | 1989-08-16 |
ZA904825B (en) | 1991-04-24 |
LU87755A1 (fr) | 1991-02-18 |
FR2648674A1 (fr) | 1990-12-28 |
GR900100486A (en) | 1991-11-15 |
AT393933B (de) | 1992-01-10 |
DD295970A5 (de) | 1991-11-21 |
DK154890A (da) | 1990-12-28 |
DE4020499A1 (de) | 1991-01-03 |
AU622813B2 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
CH680826A5 (zh) | 1992-11-30 |
HUT59801A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
IT9020793A0 (it) | 1990-06-27 |
RU1833138C (ru) | 1993-08-07 |
BE1003881A5 (fr) | 1992-07-07 |
DK154890D0 (da) | 1990-06-26 |
CA2019518A1 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
NL9001454A (nl) | 1991-01-16 |
GR1000652B (el) | 1992-09-25 |
YU124390A (sh) | 1992-12-21 |
HU904012D0 (en) | 1990-12-28 |
PL285789A1 (en) | 1991-03-11 |
IT9020793A1 (it) | 1991-12-27 |
PT94500A (pt) | 1991-02-08 |
IT1249013B (it) | 1995-02-11 |
AU5776190A (en) | 1991-01-03 |
ES2032242B1 (es) | 1993-12-16 |
IE902201L (en) | 1990-12-27 |
ATA135390A (de) | 1991-07-15 |
IE902201A1 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
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