CN104865533A - High-precision display method for state of charge (SOC) of on-vehicle power supply - Google Patents
High-precision display method for state of charge (SOC) of on-vehicle power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision display method for state of charge (SOC) of on-vehicle power supply. An accurate SOC value SOCcharging(t) at each time can be calculated and displayed through dividing a charging electric energy meter value Wcharging(t) by a rated electric quantity Wmax and adding an SOC displaying value SOC(before-charging)(t) before charging. An accurate SOC value SOCdischarging(t) in discharging can be calculated and displayed through subtracting a ratio between a discharging electric energy meter value Wdischarging(t) and the rated electric quantity Wmax from the SOC displaying value SOC(before-charging)(t) before charging. According to the high-precision display method for the SOC of on-vehicle power supply, the SOC is calculated through voltage calculation and electric quantity calculation. Compared with an SOC display method for a traditional voltage ratio, the high-precision display method for state of charge (SOC) of the on-vehicle power supply has advantages of relatively low cost and relatively easy realization. Furthermore accuracy and reliability in displaying SOC of the vehicle are improved.
Description
Technical field
The SOC that the present invention relates to modern society's electric motor car industry shows field, is specifically related to a kind of vehicle power SOC High-precision display method.
Background technology
Along with becoming increasingly conspicuous of the problem such as global economic development and energy environment protection, the industries such as automobile make the transition to the green car industry of economize energy, and electric motor car becomes one of Main way of energy-saving and environment-friendly automobile development with zero-emission and low noise advantages.As the crucial power section of electric motor car, the importance of electrokinetic cell is self-evident.The SOC display of electrokinetic cell then becomes the key content of electrokinetic cell management work, is the pith that electric automobile moves towards people's life.SOC, namely refers to state-of-charge, is used for reflecting the residual capacity of battery, and it is numerically defined as the number percent that residual capacity accounts for battery rated capacity.Traditional SOC display estimation strategy mainly contains:
1. electric experimental method
Discharge test method estimating battery state-of-charge (SOC) is predictor method more accurately, and its adopts constant current continuous discharge, and the product of discharge current and time is the electricity of releasing.Discharge test method is usually used for the capacity demarcating battery, and the method is applicable to all batteries.But also there is obvious shortcoming: first, discharge and recharge test needs to spend the plenty of time; Secondly, discharge test method can not be used for the battery in work.The method is mainly applicable in laboratory and electric automobile maintenance.
2. Ah counting method
Ah counting method (ampere hour is called for short AH) is the most frequently used SOC method of estimation, and Ah counting ratio juris is the discharge electricity amount be equivalent to by the discharge electricity amount of battery under different electric current under certain concrete electric current.
It is relatively simple method that Ah counting method calculates battery SOC, and the method just pays close attention to the surface of this system, in electricity estimation process, is only concerned about the electricity flowing to and flow out battery.Ah counting method adopts integral method to calculate battery in real time and is filled with and the capacity of releasing, and by non-volatile recording and the electricity calculating battery, finally can obtain battery at a time remaining electricity.The method easily realizes, but owing to not obtaining the relation of battery SOC and charge/discharge electricity amount from inside battery, just record charge/discharge electricity amount, thus can cause battery SOC cumulative errors, result precision is lower, and the method can not determine the initial value of battery.Consider the influence factor of battery SOC, carry out electricity compensation, suitably can improve the precision of Ah counting method.Under SOC initial value accurately situation, may be used for various batteries of electric automobile.
3. open-circuit voltage method
The thought of open-circuit voltage method uses the open-circuit voltage of battery and the corresponding relation of battery SOC or capacity, estimates battery SOC by the open-circuit voltage detecting battery.The advantage of the method is can the initial value of accurate preestimating battery, its shortcoming, and first in discharge and recharge, open-circuit voltage can not directly be measured; Secondly, battery, after charging or electric discharge, needs a very long time to stablize.Open-circuit voltage method is simple, but is difficult to be used alone in battery SOC dynamic estimation.Be applicable to lead-acid battery, parking electric automobile state.
4. linear model method
Linear Fuzzy algorithm is based on SOC variable quantity, electric current, voltage and a upper time point SOC value, the linear equation of foundation:
β
0β
1β
2β
3for utilizing reference data, the coefficient obtained by least square method, does not have special physical significance.Be applicable to the gradual situation of low current, SOC and lead-acid battery.
5. internal resistance method
Internal resistance measurement method is the alternating current driver battery with different frequency, measures inside battery AC resistance, and obtains SOC estimated value by the computation model set up.The battery charge state that the method measurement obtains reflects the SOC value of battery under certain specific constant-current discharge condition.Because battery SOC and internal resistance do not exist relation one to one, accurate modeling can not be carried out with a mathematics.So the method is seldom used in electric vehicle.
6. Kalman filtering method
Kalman filtering method, be based upon ampere-hour integral method basis on.The main thought of Kalman filtering method is the optimal estimation made the state of power system in minimum variance meaning.The method is applied to battery SOC and estimates, battery is regarded as a power system, and state-of-charge is an internal state of system.
The input item that this system is used to has: the variablees such as battery current, environment temperature, battery remaining power, ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance, the output of system is: the operating voltage of battery.Due to the nonlinear equation that battery equivalent model is determined, in computation process, want linearization.The core concept of preestimating battery state-of-charge method is the recursion equation comprising state-of-charge estimated value and reflect evaluated error, covariance matrix, and covariance matrix is used for providing estimation error scope.Kalman filtering method matrix operation amount in practice is large, needs the single-chip microcomputer of high arithmetic capability.
7. neural network
Neural network has nonlinear fundamental characteristics, and this its exterior inputs, and can obtain corresponding output, so can be used to simulated battery dynamic perfromance, be used to preestimating battery state-of-charge.The neural net layer of preestimating battery state-of-charge mainly haves three layers: input, output and middle layer; Estimate battery charge state, the variable being usually used to input is as voltage, electric current, releasing electricity, environment temperature, the internal resistance of cell etc.The estimation precision of neural network depends on suitable neural network input variable, appropriate variable quantity.The deficiency of neural network needs many reference datas to train, by training data and the impact of training method on estimation error larger.
Observe from above-mentioned analysis and combination reality, each evaluation method all also exists respective shortcoming; As shown in Figure 2, present electric motor car mainly uses lead-acid battery, and uses the ratio approach of the rated voltage of open-circuit voltage and battery pack to realize the display of SOC.Although the method can demonstrate the surplus of electricity comparatively accurately in the process travelled, but what measure due to it is only the magnitude of voltage of battery pack, along with the voltage of battery pack reduces, the consumption of its electricity is also more and more faster, and what the value to later stage voltage SOC can be very fast drops to minimum point.Therefore, the method well can not control the electricity size of accumulator and the flying power of accumulator, and also just the display of promising SOC proposes new method so that the electricity reflecting battery pack that can be real-time and anticipation go out necessity of the flying power of battery pack etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of vehicle power SOC High-precision display method is provided, the account form of SOC is corrected by voltage, electricity calculates, compared to the SOC display packing of conventional voltage ratio, not only cost lower, than be easier to realize, but also improve vehicle SOC show accuracy and reliability; In addition, no matter electric motor car is for load condition or charged state, and all can realize value that each moment of SOC show is all for being worth accurately compared with electricity actual in vehicle power, and eliminates the SOC display dummy values phenomenon of determining motor-car when traditional electrical motor-car stops.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Vehicle power SOC High-precision display method, comprises the following steps:
1) in advance the electricity of battery pack is all discharged, and the battery pack after discharging completely is charged, recorded the charge capacity of battery pack by charged electrical scale W1 simultaneously, when the electricity of battery pack is full of, record the numerical value W1max of charged electrical scale W1, i.e. the charge value of the maximum charge of battery pack;
2) electricity be full of after battery pack discharge, recorded the discharge electricity amount of battery pack by discharge electricity amount table W2 simultaneously, when the electricity charging of battery pack all discharges, record the numerical value W2max of discharge electricity amount table W2, i.e. the charge value of the maximum electric discharge of battery pack;
3) the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of mean value as battery pack of W1max and W2max is got;
4) step 1), 2 is repeated) and 3), draw multiple Wmax ', average as final battery specified electric quantity value Wmax to the multiple Wmax ' obtained;
5) SOC is demarcated:
In charging process, be the total electricity W be charged into inside battery pack with the numerical value under charge capacity table record
fill(t), according to from be charged to charging current, with the numerical value W of charged electrical scale
fillt (), divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), adds the SOC displayed value SOC before charging
before fillingt (), can calculate and show the exact numerical SOC of SOC all the time
fill(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During charging:
Wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before charging, W
fillt () represents that this moment has been charged into total electricity of battery pack, SOC
fillt electricity during () expression charging in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity;
In discharge process, be the total electricity W discharged inside battery pack with the numerical value under discharge electricity amount table record
put(t), according to discharge into electric discharge current, with the SOC displayed value SOC before discharging
before puttingt () deducts discharge electricity amount table numerical value W
put(t) divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), the exact numerical SOC of SOC when can calculate and demonstrate electric discharge
put(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During electric discharge:
Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before electric discharge, W
fillt () represents total electricity that this moment battery pack is released, SOC
putt electricity during () expression electric discharge in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity.
The further improvement project of the present invention is, described step 1) and step 2) in, when the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umin ', think that the electricity of battery pack all discharges; When the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umax ', think that the electricity charging of battery pack is full of; After battery pack being carried out repeatedly complete discharge and recharge, with rated voltage mean value Umin and Umax of all batteries in rear cell battery pack of charging at every turn after gathering out electric discharge according to battery management system BMS, the i.e. electric battery average voltage minimum amount of voltage that can reach and the electric battery average voltage maximum voltage value that can reach, and respective mean value Umin ' and Umax ' is calculated respectively to Umin and Umax repeatedly recorded.
The present invention further improvement project is, in described step 3), when the difference of W1max and W2max is less than or equal to the X% compared with fractional value in W1max and W2max, the data W1max record this time and W2max calculating mean value are as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of battery pack, and the value of described X is in the scope of 3 ~ 10.
The present invention further improvement project is, in described step 4), repeat step 1), 2), 3) after, the quantity of the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective battery pack is greater than 100.
The present invention further improvement project is, in described step 5), and wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of battery pack when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umin ', definition SOC
before filling(t)=0; Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of electric battery when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umax ', definition SOC
before putting(t)=100%.
The present invention further improvement project is, described charged electrical scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 is unidirectional voltameter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The first, vehicle power SOC High-precision display method of the present invention, the account form of SOC is corrected by voltage, electricity calculates, compared to the SOC display packing of conventional voltage ratio, not only cost lower, than be easier to realize, but also improve vehicle SOC show accuracy and reliability.
The second, vehicle power SOC High-precision display method of the present invention, no matter electric motor car is for load condition or charged state, all can realize value that each moment of SOC shows is all for being worth accurately compared with electricity actual in vehicle power, and eliminates the SOC determining motor-car when traditional electrical motor-car stops and show dummy values phenomenon.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of traditional SOC display packing.
Fig. 3 is the coordinate diagram of battery electric quantity and time in charge test of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the coordinate diagram of battery electric quantity and time in discharge test of the present invention.
embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, vehicle power SOC High-precision display method, comprises the following steps:
1) in advance the electricity of battery pack is all discharged, and the battery pack after discharging completely is charged, recorded the charge capacity of battery pack by charged electrical scale W1 simultaneously, when the electricity of battery pack is full of, record the numerical value W1max of charged electrical scale W1, i.e. the charge value of the maximum charge of battery pack;
2) electricity be full of after battery pack discharge, recorded the discharge electricity amount of battery pack by discharge electricity amount table W2 simultaneously, when the electricity charging of battery pack all discharges, record the numerical value W2max of discharge electricity amount table W2, i.e. the charge value of the maximum electric discharge of battery pack;
3) the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of mean value as battery pack of W1max and W2max is got;
4) step 1), 2 is repeated) and 3), draw multiple Wmax ', average as final battery specified electric quantity value Wmax to the multiple Wmax ' obtained;
5) SOC is demarcated:
In charging process, be the total electricity W be charged into inside battery pack with the numerical value under charge capacity table record
fill(t), according to from be charged to charging current, with the numerical value W of charged electrical scale
fillt (), divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), adds the SOC displayed value SOC before charging
before fillingt (), can calculate and show the exact numerical SOC of SOC all the time
fill(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During charging:
Wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before charging, W
fillt () represents that this moment has been charged into total electricity of battery pack, SOC
fillt electricity during () expression charging in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity;
In discharge process, be the total electricity W discharged inside battery pack with the numerical value under discharge electricity amount table record
put(t), according to discharge into electric discharge current, with the SOC displayed value SOC before discharging
before puttingt () deducts discharge electricity amount table numerical value W
put(t) divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), the exact numerical SOC of SOC when can calculate and demonstrate electric discharge
put(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During electric discharge:
Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before electric discharge, W
fillt () represents total electricity that this moment battery pack is released, SOC
putt electricity during () expression electric discharge in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity.
Described step 1) and step 2) in, when the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umin ', think that the electricity of battery pack all discharges; When the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umax ', think that the electricity charging of battery pack is full of; After battery pack being carried out repeatedly complete discharge and recharge, with rated voltage mean value Umin and Umax of all batteries in rear cell battery pack of charging at every turn after gathering out electric discharge according to battery management system BMS, the i.e. electric battery average voltage minimum amount of voltage that can reach and the electric battery average voltage maximum voltage value that can reach, and respective mean value Umin ' and Umax ' is calculated respectively to Umin and Umax repeatedly recorded.
In described step 3), when the difference of W1max and W2max is less than or equal to the X% compared with fractional value in W1max and W2max, the data W1max record this time and W2max calculating mean value are as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of battery pack, the value (in the present embodiment, the value of X is 5) in the scope of 3 ~ 10 of described X.
In described step 4), repeat step 1), 2), 3) after, the quantity of the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective battery pack is greater than 100 (in the present embodiment, the quantity of the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective battery pack is 1000).
In described step 5), wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of battery pack when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umin ', definition SOC
before filling(t)=0; Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of electric battery when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umax ', definition SOC
before putting(t)=100%.
Described charged electrical scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 is unidirectional voltameter.
Composition graphs 3 and Fig. 4 known, the sample car produced for the applicant, battery capacity 22OAH, car load power supply to be monomer series-connectedly made up of 500 joints, monomer nominal voltage 1.2V, then car load nominal voltage is 600V, and total electricity of battery is 132kWH, electric battery is carried out to the discharge and recharge of 1000 times, and by battery management system (BMS) have recorded each battery in each electric battery be full of electricity and completely electric discharge after magnitude of voltage, and by charged electrical scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2, record is carried out to total electricity of each discharge and recharge of electric battery, Umin=1.0V is respectively through can be calculated electric battery mean value, Umax=1.45V, namely the termination of setting cell electric discharge stops voltage is 1.0V, the cut-off voltage of charging is 1.45V, Umin '=500.0V, Umax '=725.00V, according to the numerical value that charged electrical scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 records, after calculating mean value, the electricity obtaining charge or discharge is all about 100kWH, namely this 100kWH is the available power of electric battery, when occurring that monomer battery voltage is less than or equal to 1.0V, we define SOC fill before (t)=0, when occurring that monomer voltage is more than or equal to 1.45V, SOC put before (t)=100%.And 100 parts are made into the magnitude of voltage average mark in 1.0V ~ 1.45V interval, 1% of every a corresponding S0C digital display value respectively.
Claims (6)
1. vehicle power SOC High-precision display method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) in advance the electricity of battery pack is all discharged, and the battery pack after discharging completely is charged, recorded the charge capacity of battery pack by charged electrical scale W1 simultaneously, when the electricity of battery pack is full of, record the numerical value W1max of charged electrical scale W1, i.e. the charge value of the maximum charge of battery pack;
2) electricity be full of after battery pack discharge, recorded the discharge electricity amount of battery pack by discharge electricity amount table W2 simultaneously, when the electricity charging of battery pack all discharges, record the numerical value W2max of discharge electricity amount table W2, i.e. the charge value of the maximum electric discharge of battery pack;
3) the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of mean value as battery pack of W1max and W2max is got;
4) step 1), 2 is repeated) and 3), draw multiple Wmax ', average as final battery specified electric quantity value Wmax to the multiple Wmax ' obtained;
5) SOC is demarcated:
In charging process, be the total electricity W be charged into inside battery pack with the numerical value under charge capacity table record
fill(t), according to from be charged to charging current, with the numerical value W of charged electrical scale
fillt (), divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), adds the SOC displayed value SOC before charging
before fillingt (), can calculate and show the exact numerical SOC of SOC all the time
fill(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During charging:
Wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before charging, W
fillt () represents that this moment has been charged into total electricity of battery pack, SOC
fillt electricity during () expression charging in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity;
In discharge process, be the total electricity W discharged inside battery pack with the numerical value under discharge electricity amount table record
put(t), according to discharge into electric discharge current, with the SOC displayed value SOC before discharging
before puttingt () deducts discharge electricity amount table numerical value W
put(t) divided by the specified electric quantity value Wmax obtained in step 4), the exact numerical SOC of SOC when can calculate and demonstrate electric discharge
put(t), concrete mathematical description is as follows:
During electric discharge:
Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before electric discharge, W
fillt () represents total electricity that this moment battery pack is released, SOC
putt electricity during () expression electric discharge in battery pack accounts for the number percent of total electricity.
2. vehicle power SOC High-precision display method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) and step 2) in, when the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umin ', think that the electricity of battery pack all discharges; When the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umax ', think that the electricity charging of battery pack is full of; After battery pack being carried out repeatedly complete discharge and recharge, with rated voltage mean value Umin and Umax of all batteries in rear cell battery pack of charging at every turn after gathering out electric discharge according to battery management system BMS, the i.e. electric battery average voltage minimum amount of voltage that can reach and the electric battery average voltage maximum voltage value that can reach, and respective mean value Umin ' and Umax ' is calculated respectively to Umin and Umax repeatedly recorded.
3. as the vehicle power SOC High-precision display method of claim 1 or 2 wherein as described in any one, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), when the difference of W1max and W2max is less than or equal to the X% compared with fractional value in W1max and W2max, the data W1max record this time and W2max calculating mean value are as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of battery pack, and the value of described X is in the scope of 3 ~ 10.
4. vehicle power SOC High-precision display method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step 4), repeats step 1), 2), 3) after, the quantity of the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective battery pack is greater than 100.
5. vehicle power SOC High-precision display method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step 5), wherein SOC
before fillingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of battery pack when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umin ', definition SOC
before filling(t)=0; Wherein SOC
before puttingt () represents the electricity before battery charging, i.e. the electricity of electric battery when the rated voltage mean value of battery is Umax ', definition SOC
before putting(t)=100%.
6. as the vehicle power SOC High-precision display method of claim 1 or 2 wherein as described in any one, it is characterized in that: described charged electrical scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 is unidirectional voltameter.
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