The content of the invention
Group of the present invention is shown by substantial amounts of experiment, strawberry tree is pollinated in sealed roc, using to circulating
Pollination machine is carried out, and can improve the yield and quality of red bayberry.
On the one hand, the present invention provides the equipment that a kind of red bayberry pollinates automatically, and the equipment includes:Air blower, air inlet is (with canopy
Inside communicate, so as to produce circulated air, flowed in canopy), air outlet (is connected) with pipeline, pollen storing apparatus;Pollination pipeline is (straight
Footpath is 15 centimetres of flexible pipe), 4 dust distributors (hole is 0.2 millimeter) are set on flexible pipe.Operation principle:By air blast in canopy, allow
The flowing of wind is produced in canopy, so as to drive the pollen in canopy to flow, so as to realize pollination comprehensively, yield is improved, pollination is improved
Accuracy and raising commodity rate.Shown by lot of experiments of the invention, using automatic ventilating equipment pollinated when
Wait, the control of the wind speed and air quantity of air supply duct;The effective dose of pollen amount has greatly to the independent yield and quality of red bayberry
Influence.In addition, also indicating that, equipment is positioned in the greenhouse of pollination, due to being relatively closed space, is realized in canopy empty
Gas is circulated, it is possible to reduce the consumption of pollen.
The present invention provides a kind of strawberry tree pollinating method, and the method includes:A kind of greenhouse is provided, allows strawberry tree to be in greenhouse
In closed space, an equipment for automatic pollination is set in greenhouse, the equipment includes:Air blower 20, air inlet 10, this enters
Air port communicates with canopy 40, so as to produce circulated air, is flowed in canopy, the air outlet being connected with air supply duct 22, with ajutage
Interconnected pollen storing apparatus 28;Include male pollen in pollen storing apparatus and by air supply duct and pollination pipeline 30
Communicate, a diameter of 15 centimetres of pollination pipeline is simultaneously connected with air supply duct, dust distributor 31 is set on pollination pipeline, each dusts
Mouth correspondence strawberry tree, wherein, pollination pipeline is of about 2-3 meters with the height of the tree of red bayberry, wherein when pollen consumption is 200 millis
Gram);When blasting time is 50 minutes, the wind speed of ajutage is 6m/s.
Preferably, as wind speed 6m/s;Blasting time 80 minutes, pollen consumption is 300 milligrams.
Preferably, when wind speed is 6m/s;When pollen consumption is 600 milligrams, 150 minutes of blasting time
Preferably, pollination pipeline and the height of the tree of red bayberry are of about 2 meters.
Preferably, strawberry tree is 17 years raw water chestnut kind greenhouse waxberries, spacing in the rows 6m, line-spacing 7m, crown height 3m-3.5m, hat width
4.5m-5.0m。
Preferably, multiple dust distributors, such as 2-4 or 4-8, every 2 dust distributors correspondence are set on pollination pipeline
One strawberry tree tree crown.
Preferably, the span 17.8m up and down of greenhouse, left and right span 10.5m, height 4.5m.
Beneficial effect
Using the method for the present invention, part can improve the efficiency of pollination, and can dramatically increase the individual plant product of red bayberry
Amount, raising Mean Fruit Weight and raising commodity rate.
Specific embodiment
Implementation method in detail below is an embodiment of marrow of the invention, can not constitute any limit to the present invention
System.
Material
Experiment is selected in the 17 years raw water chestnut kind greenhouse waxberry gardens in Lanxi City Ma Jian towns Qian Yu villages, spacing in the rows 6m, line-spacing 7m, hat
3m-3.5m high, hat width 4.5m-5.0m;Field is level land, Paddy soil;Carry out unified management in full garden.
Method
Choose 1 plant of red bayberry staminiferous plant, and periphery tree vigo(u)r, tree crown size the Biqi bayberry female plant 10 basically identical with flower amount
Strain, wherein 8 plants of female plant be greenhouse cultivation test tree, 2 plants be that outdoor cropping compares tree.Mao bamboon arch is built in mid-December, 2011
5, canopy, respectively staminiferous plant individual plant canopy, 2 plants of A canopies of female plant, 2 plants of B canopies of female plant;2 plants of C canopies of female plant, 2 plants of D canopies of female plant.A-D canopies are upper and lower
Span 17.8m, left and right span 10.5m, height 4.5m (ensure that the volume of each canopy is the same).The annual cover film of January 2, May
Open film within 12nd;Male flower is opened in 2 months 19-March 2 greenhouse, in 2 months 26 bus others' work beta prunings as each treatment greenhouse
Male flower pollination.
Experiment sets multiple single factor test treatment, and each treatment is repeated 3 times (2012,2013,2014).Treatment is as follows:Do not suit
Powder consumption (milligram), different wind speed (meter per second) and different blasting times (minute) are to single plant yield/kg;Strain yield/kg;Averagely
The influence of single fruit weight/g.
Blast apparatus uses following structure:Air blower 20, air inlet 10, air inlet is communicated with canopy 40, so as to produce
Raw circulated air, flows, the air outlet 21 being connected with air supply duct 22 in canopy, the pollen storing apparatus being interconnected with ajutage
28;Include male pollen in pollen storing apparatus, communicated with pollination pipeline 30 by air supply duct, pollination pipeline connects with air supply duct
(a diameter of 15 centimetres of flexible pipes) are connect, 4 dust distributors 31 (a diameter of 0.2 millimeter of hole), every 2 dust distributors are set on flexible pipe
One strawberry tree of correspondence, wherein, pollination pipeline is of about 2 meters with the height of the tree of red bayberry, so, the flower sprayed by dust distributor
Powder be free to fall into it is female take, complete pollination.Further, since carried out in the greenhouse of closing, from the flower that dust distributor sprays
Except dropping in the tree crown 60 of red bayberry, remaining pollen can also be again introduced into air inlet 10 to powder, and pipeline is blown into again
In be circulated pollination.Wherein, wind speed, air quantity and time-controllable device are carried on air blower, is set on pollen storing apparatus
There is scale to adjust the content of pollen.
Record and assay method
Each experiment is produced respectively at red bayberry picking time (annual June), picking time, strain yield, the commodity fruit with regard to test tree
Amount, fruit color situation, exterior quality, and the strain output value carries out investigation record.Meanwhile, in tree crown upper and lower, left and right, middle position
Every plant of difference stochastical sampling 15, often processes fruit totally 150.Often process and took 50 fruits in indoor survey at random in the harvesting same day
Determine mean fruit weight, 50 fruits are taken at random and determines the hardness of fruit, remaining 50 fruit unification -16 DEG C of refrigerator of storage is used for fruit
Total reducing sugar, reduced sugar and total acid content are determined.
Strain yield in terms of manually plucking the actual production of whole strain Waxberry fruit, strain commodity fruit rate with effective sale commodity fruit with
The percentage of strain yield, the strain output value is in terms of the product of strain yield, strain commodity fruit rate and local market flat fare.Mean fruit weight is adopted
The average value measured with assay balance, soluble solid content is determined using hand-held light sugar degree measuring instrument of tearing open, and the hardness of fruit is adopted
TA-XTplus instrumental tests, fruit total reducing sugar is used to use uh ketone colorimetric method for determining, reduced sugar to use Fei Linshi volumetric determinations,
Total acid uses neutralization titration assay method.Data are analyzed using Excel (V2003) software statistics.
Experimental result is as follows
Table 1:Different wind speed are for single plant yield/kg;Influence (the pollen consumption (200 milligram/plant) of mean fruit weight/g;
Blasting time (50 minutes)
Wind speed m/s |
1m/s |
4m/s |
6m/s |
8m/s |
10m/s |
15m/s |
Strain yield/kg |
40.1 |
45.3 |
75.2 |
50.5 |
30.2 |
25.0 |
Strain commodity rate % |
85.2 |
85.1 |
92.5 |
86.6 |
86.2 |
82.1 |
Mean fruit weight/g |
13.1 |
13.5 |
15.3 |
12.5 |
12.0 |
10.5 |
As can be seen from the above table, when pollen consumption (200 milligrams);In the case that blasting time determines for (50 minutes), wind speed
For single plant yield/kg;Mean fruit weight/g and commodity rate all have an impact.Wherein single plant yield is most when 6m/s for wind speed
Height, mean fruit weight/g and commodity rate all highests.
Table 2:Different pollen consumptions are for single plant yield/kg;Strain commodity rate %;Influence (the wind speed 6m/ of mean fruit weight/g
s;Blasting time 80 minutes)
Pollen consumption (milligram/strain) |
150 |
200 |
250 |
300 |
600 |
800 |
Strain yield/kg |
42.2 |
45.3 |
65.5 |
80.3 |
70.1 |
32.0 |
Strain commodity rate % |
70.3 |
85.5 |
85.9 |
96.1 |
80.4 |
81.2 |
Mean fruit weight/g |
15.1 |
13.3 |
15.4 |
17.2 |
16.6 |
12.3 |
Table 3:Different blasting times are for single plant yield/kg;Strain yield/kg;Influence (the wind speed of mean fruit weight/g:
(6m/s));Milligram/plant of pollen consumption 600).
Blasting time (minute) |
50 |
100 |
150 |
200 |
250 |
300 |
Strain yield/kg |
39.2 |
47.2 |
82.5 |
73.4 |
65.3 |
62.9 |
Strain commodity rate % |
75.6 |
80.1 |
94.3 |
96.1 |
97.0 |
95.1 |
Mean fruit weight/g |
12.5 |
13.1 |
16.5 |
14.5 |
14.1 |
12.0 |
By upper table, it is apparent that when using equipment of the invention pollinated automatically when, under different condition not
Same treatment conditions are planted and all have a significant impact (P for single plant yield, individual plant commodity rate and average fruit<0.01);Optimal wind speed is
6m/s;Optimal pollen consumption is 200 milligrams/plant;Optimal blasting time is 150 minutes, can significantly improve plant yield and average
Fruit weight, but also a plant commodity rate can be significantly improved.Conversely, each index of the control strawberry tree of each treatment is as follows above:
Table 4:The index of the control strawberry tree under natural conditions
Treatment |
Strain yield/kg |
Strain commodity fruit rate/% |
Mean fruit weight/g |
Control (CK) |
45.7 |
55.0 |
10.6 |
The total reducing sugar of the fruit for the treatment of, reduced sugar and total acid content measurement result show simultaneously for more than, different disposal
Although being had differences between total reducing sugar, reduced sugar and total acid content, this species diversity is not notable (specific data and result are omited).