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CN104779645B - 一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN104779645B
CN104779645B CN201510227156.8A CN201510227156A CN104779645B CN 104779645 B CN104779645 B CN 104779645B CN 201510227156 A CN201510227156 A CN 201510227156A CN 104779645 B CN104779645 B CN 104779645B
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energy
storage device
photovoltaic
direct current
energy storage
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CN104779645A (zh
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江涛
曹伟
余勇
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Sungrow Power Supply Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00019Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using optical means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法,通过上位机接收并根据DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至储能装置,使储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至DCAC逆变器,使DCAC逆变器接收并将存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至交流电网;使得光伏组件输出的电能不会浪费掉,光伏发电系统能够以其最大的功率进行发电,而不会造成光伏发电收益的降低。

Description

一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法
本申请要求申请日为2014年5月8日、申请号为201410193722.3、发明名称为“一种逆变器及光伏发电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电技术领域,尤其涉及一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
目前的光伏发电系统,由于电网容量限制或一些政策约束,导致发电功率受到限制,即光伏发电系统无法进行最大功率发电;在这种情况下,当前的多数光伏发电系统采用的是限功率的方式,这样就使得光伏弃光,光伏发电系统无法以最大功率发电,降低了光伏发电的收益。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法,以解决现有技术中光伏发电系统无法以最大功率发电的问题。
一种光伏发电系统,连接于光伏组件与交流电网之间,所述光伏发电系统包括:
连接于所述光伏组件与所述交流电网之间的DCAC逆变器;
与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置;
与所述DCAC逆变器及所述储能装置相连的上位机,用于接收并根据所述DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收并将所述存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至所述交流电网。
优选的,所述储能装置包括:
一端与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的DCDC变换器;
与所述DCDC变换器的另一端相连的储能单元。
优选的,所述DCDC变换器还用于检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
优选的,所述储能单元为蓄电池组。
优选的,所述DCDC变换器包括:
与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的第一电容;
串联连接的第一开关管和第二开关管;所述第一开关管和所述第二开关管组成的串联通路与所述第一电容并联;
一端与所述第一开关管和所述第二开关管的连接点相连的电感;所述电感的另一端与所述储能单元相连;
与所述储能单元并联的第二电容。
一种光伏发电系统的控制方法,应用于光伏发电系统,所述光伏发电系统包括:DCAC逆变器、与所述DCAC逆变器和光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置、与所述DCAC逆变器及所述储能装置相连的上位机;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法包括:
上位机接收并根据DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收并将所述存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至交流电网。
优选的,所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法还包括:
所述DCDC变换器检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
优选的,所述上位机在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能,并进行最大功率点跟踪控制包括:
所述上位机在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至所述储能装置,当所述多余直流电能大于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能中限于所述容量范围内的部分电能;当所述多余直流电能小于或等于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置以最大功率点跟踪控制的方式接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能。
优选的,所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述上位机在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能包括:
所述上位机在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置以恒定输出电压控制模式运行,输出所述存储的直流电能;当所述储能单元电压低于预设的最低放电电压后,控制所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定蓄电池电压控制模式,或者控制所述DCDC变换器停止运行。
本发明公开的光伏发电系统,通过上位机接收并根据DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收并将所述存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至所述交流电网;使得所述光伏组件输出的电能不会浪费掉,所述光伏发电系统能够以其最大的功率进行发电,而不会造成光伏发电收益的降低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例公开的光伏发电系统结构示意图;
图2为本发明另一实施例公开的光伏发电系统结构示意图;
图3为本发明另一实施例公开的光伏发电系统的部分结构示意图;
图4为本发明另一实施例公开的控制逻辑原理示意图;
图5为本发明另一实施例公开的控制逻辑原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种光伏发电系统及其控制方法,以解决现有技术中光伏发电系统无法以最大功率发电的问题。
具体的,所述光伏发电系统如图1所示,连接于光伏组件与交流电网之间,所述光伏发电系统包括:
连接于所述光伏组件与所述交流电网之间的DCAC逆变器101;
与DCAC逆变器101和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置102;
与DCAC逆变器101及储能装置102相连的上位机103。
具体的工作原理为:
上位机103接收并根据DCAC逆变器101的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置102,使储能装置102接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至储能装置102,使储能装置102输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至DCAC逆变器101,使DCAC逆变器101接收并将所述存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至所述交流电网。
本实施例提供的所述光伏发电系统,通过上述过程,使得所述光伏组件输出的电能不会浪费掉,所述光伏发电系统能够以其最大的功率进行发电,而不会造成光伏发电收益的降低。
优选的,如图2所示,储能装置102包括:
一端与DCAC逆变器101和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的DCDC变换器201;
与DCDC变换器201的另一端相连的储能单元202。
在具体的应用中,DCDC变换器201为双向变换器,以实现电能的双向输送。储能单元202用于电能的存储和释放。
优选的,所述DCDC变换器还用于检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
在具体的实际应用中,可以通过所述上位机接收所述DCAC逆变器的工作状态;当所述DCAC逆变器处于无光照待机(停机)状态时,所述上位机输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能;
另外,也可以通过所述DCDC变换器检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
在具体的应用中,可以使其应用环境进行选用,此处不做具体限定。
优选的,所述储能单元为蓄电池组。
所述蓄电池组的数量越多,所述储能单元的容量越大;所述蓄电池组的数量可以根据具体的应用情况而定,此处不做具体限定。
优选的,如图3所示,DCDC变换器201包括:
与DCAC逆变器101和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的第一电容C1;
串联连接的第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2;第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2组成的串联通路与第一电容C1并联。
一端与第一开关管Q1和第二开关管Q2的连接点相连的电感L;电感L的另一端与储能单元202相连;
与储能单元202并联的第二电容。
图3中的Upv为所述光伏组件的输出电压,Ub为储能单元两端的电压,Sup为第一开关管Q1(上管)的控制信号,Sdown为第二开关管Q2(下管)的控制信号。
上位机103输出的所述第一控制信号和所述第二控制信号均用来控制DCDC变换器201的开启,实现储能单元202的充电和放电功能。
在具体的应用中,DCDC变换器201的具体实现形式并不限定于此,图2只是一种示例,可以使其具体的应用环境而进行设定。
本发明另一实施例还提供了一种光伏发电系统的控制方法,应用于光伏发电系统,所述光伏发电系统包括:DCAC逆变器、与所述DCAC逆变器和光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置、与所述DCAC逆变器及所述储能装置相连的上位机;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法包括:
上位机接收并根据DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能;在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收并将所述存储的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至交流电网。
本实施例提供的所述光伏发电系统的控制方法,通过上述过程,使得所述光伏组件输出的电能不会浪费掉,所述光伏发电系统能够以其最大的功率进行发电,而不会造成光伏发电收益的降低。
优选的,所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法还包括:
所述DCDC变换器检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
在夜晚无光照情况下,所述储能单元存储的能量通过所述DCDC变换器放电可以有两种方式实现:
一种方式是通过所述上位机接收所述DCAC逆变器的工作状态,当所述DCAC逆变器处于无光照待机(停机)状态时,所述上位机输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能;
另一种方式是所述DCDC变换器检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
在具体的应用中,可以使其应用环境进行选用,此处不做具体限定。
优选的,所述上位机在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件的多余直流电能,并进行最大功率点跟踪控制包括:
所述上位机在光伏限发时输出第一控制信号至所述储能装置,当所述多余直流电能大于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能中限于所述容量范围内的部分电能;当所述多余直流电能小于或等于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置以最大功率点跟踪控制的方式接收所述光伏组件的多余直流电能。
在具体的应用中,如果所述多余直流电能大于所述储能装置能够接收的容量,则所述储能装置将以自身容量为限进行充电;如果所述多余直流电能小于或等于储能装置所能接收的容量,储能装置则以所述多余直流电能功率进行充电,即进行最大功率点跟踪控制。
具体的逻辑原理图如图4所示,其中,Upv为所述光伏组件的输出电压,Ub为储能单元两端的电压,Ub-max为储能单元两端的最大充电电压,UMPPT为最大功率点跟踪控制电压,iref为参考充电电流,iL为电感电流,Sup为上管Q1的控制信号,Sdown为下管Q2的控制信号。
在白天光照较强时所述DCAC逆变器处于光伏限发状态,被限发的光伏组件能量通过所述DCDC变换器给所述储能单元充电,图4中401为光伏最大功率点跟踪控制环,402为所述储能装置充电管理控制环。在所述储能装置可接受容量范围内,所述光伏组件以最大功率输出电能,除去所述光伏逆变器恒功率并网输出的能量外,其余能量全部存储到所述储能装置中,最大化利用光伏组件太阳能;在所述储能装置接近充满或所述储能装置容量有限的情况下,所述光伏组件以所述储能装置可接收容量上限对所述储能单元进行充电,依然可以利用光伏逆变器限发以外的部分能源,提高光伏利用率。图4中的Sup和Sdown分别为对应于所述DCDC变换器的上管Q1和下管Q2的驱动。
优选的,所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述上位机在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能包括:
所述上位机在光伏发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置以恒定输出电压控制模式运行,输出所述存储的直流电能;当所述储能单元的输出电压低于预设的最低放电电压后,控制所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定蓄电池电压控制模式,或者控制所述DCDC变换器停止运行。
具体的逻辑原理图如图5所示,其中,Upv为所述光伏组件的输出电压,Ub为储能单元两端的电压,Ub-min为储能单元两端的最低放电电压,Uref为所述预设发电能量对应的电压,iref为参考充电电流,iL为电感电流,Sup为上管Q1的控制信号,Sdown为下管Q2的控制信号。
所述DCDC变换器输出存储的直流电能后,运行于恒定输出电压(Upv)控制模式,501为恒压输出控制环。在具体的应用中,所述DCDC变换器还可以同时发送功率指令给所述上位机,限制所述DCAC逆变器并网发电容量。所述DCDC变换器启动后,光伏组件母线电压重新建立,所述DCAC逆变器启动,同时接收上位机下发的所述第三控制信号进行并网发电。在所述储能单元的输出电压未达到所述预设的最低放电电压前,发送给所述上位机的功率指令可以为所述DCDC变换器的额定容量或者更小;在所述储能单元的输出电压下降到所述预设的最低放电电压后,所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定蓄电池电压(Ub)控制模式,502为放电管理控制环,发送给所述上位机的功率指令上限也会随着放电管理控制环502内的电流指令的变化而调整,因此所述DCAC逆变器的并网发电功率也会随之调整。当然,当所述储能单元的输出电压下降到最低放电电压后,也可以直接关闭所述DCDC变换器的放电功能,即去掉图5中的放电管理控制环502。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种光伏发电系统,其特征在于,连接于光伏组件与交流电网之间,所述光伏发电系统包括:
连接于所述光伏组件与所述交流电网之间的DCAC逆变器;
与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置;
与所述DCAC逆变器及所述储能装置相连的上位机,用于接收并根据所述DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏发电系统的发电功率受到限制时输出第一控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置接收所述光伏组件被限制发送的直流电能;在光伏组件发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收所述存储的直流电能,并将所述存储的直流电能及所述光伏组件输出的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至所述交流电网;
所述储能装置包括:
一端与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的DCDC变换器;
与所述DCDC变换器的另一端相连的储能单元;
所述DCDC变换器用于:发送功率指令给所述上位机;且在所述储能单元的输出电压未达到预设的最低放电电压前,所述功率指令小于等于所述DCDC变换器的额定容量;在接收到所述第二控制信号后,所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定输出电压控制模式;在所述储能单元的输出电压下降到所述预设的最低放电电压后,所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定蓄电池电压控制模式,或者所述DCDC变换器停止运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电系统,其特征在于,所述DCDC变换器还用于检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电系统,其特征在于,所述储能单元为蓄电池组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电系统,其特征在于,所述DCDC变换器包括:
与所述DCAC逆变器和所述光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的第一电容;
串联连接的第一开关管和第二开关管;所述第一开关管和所述第二开关管组成的串联通路与所述第一电容并联;
一端与所述第一开关管和所述第二开关管的连接点相连的电感;所述电感的另一端与所述储能单元相连;
与所述储能单元并联的第二电容。
5.一种光伏发电系统的控制方法,其特征在于,应用于光伏发电系统,所述光伏发电系统包括:DCAC逆变器、与所述DCAC逆变器和光伏组件的共用直流母线相连的储能装置、与所述DCAC逆变器及所述储能装置相连的上位机;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法包括:
上位机接收并根据DCAC逆变器的工作状态,在光伏发电系统的发电功率受到限制时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件被限制发送的直流电能;在光伏组件发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能,并输出第三控制信号至所述DCAC逆变器,使所述DCAC逆变器接收所述存储的直流电能,并将所述存储的直流电能及所述光伏组件输出的直流电能转换为交流电能输出至交流电网;
所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述上位机在光伏组件发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能包括:
所述上位机在光伏组件发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述DCDC变换器,使所述DCDC变换器以恒定输出电压控制模式运行,输出所述存储的直流电能;当所述储能单元的输出电压下降到预设的最低放电电压后,控制所述DCDC变换器运行于恒定蓄电池电压控制模式,或者控制所述DCDC变换器停止运行;
光伏发电系统的控制方法,在所述上位机在光伏组件发电功率低时输出第二控制信号至所述储能装置,使所述储能装置输出存储的直流电能之后,还包括:
所述DCDC变换器发送功率指令给所述上位机;且在所述储能单元的输出电压未达到预设的最低放电电压前,所述功率指令小于等于所述DCDC变换器的额定容量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光伏发电系统的控制方法,其特征在于,所述储能装置包括:DCDC变换器和储能单元;所述光伏发电系统的控制方法还包括:
所述DCDC变换器检测所述光伏组件的输出电压,当所述光伏组件的输出电压小于预设电压阈值时,输出存储的直流电能。
7.根据权利要求5所述的光伏发电系统的控制方法,其特征在于,所述上位机在光伏发电系统的发电功率受到限制时输出第一控制信号至储能装置,使所述储能装置接收光伏组件被限制发送的直流电能包括:
所述上位机在光伏发电系统的发电功率受到限制时输出第一控制信号至所述储能装置,当所述被限制发送的直流电能大于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置接收所述被限制发送的直流电能中限于所述容量范围内的部分电能;当所述被限制发送的直流电能小于或等于所述储能装置的容量范围时,使所述储能装置以最大功率点跟踪控制的方式接收所述被限制发送的直流电能。
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