CN104777487A - Atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and laser radar system - Google Patents
Atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and laser radar system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric aerosol optical property measuring method and a laser radar system which is high in spectral resolution. By locking the laser emission frequency, the function of the laser radar system which is high in spectral resolution is achieved. According to a Fabry-Perot interference narrowband spectral filter, an aerosol scattering component and a molecular scattering component are separated, the difficulty that in a traditional back scattering laser radar, one radar equation is utilized to invert two unknown quantities, namely a aerosol scattering coefficient and an extinction coefficient is appropriately solved, limitation of the emission laser wavelength do not exist, the measured atmosphere back scattering ratio is high in accuracy, and the relative error is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an atmospheric aerosol optical characteristic measuring method and a high spectral resolution laser radar system, in particular to a high spectral resolution laser radar system based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer, which ensures the coincidence of an interferometer spectrum and a laser spectrum by locking laser frequency.
Background
Atmospheric aerosols, which refer to solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere having diameters between 0.001 and 100 μm, directly affect the earth's radiation balance by absorption and scattering, while altering cloud formation and properties, thereby indirectly affecting radiation transmission. Measurement of the optical properties of aerosols is of considerable importance for atmospheric studies, flux transport studies. In addition, aerosol formed by atmospheric pollution often contains many harmful substances and even carcinogenic substances, and is a particulate atmospheric pollutant which is harmful to human bodies, so the atmospheric aerosol is one of the main contents of atmospheric pollution monitoring. It can be seen that the physical and optical properties of the aerosol will directly or indirectly affect the radiation balance of the climate and have a very important impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment and on human health. Therefore, the method has very important significance for the deep research of the aerosol.
The atmospheric backscattering signal of a general laser radar comprises molecular scattering and the backscattering signal of aerosol, and the optical characteristics of the aerosol are inverted according to a laser radar equation, and if the horizontal uniformity or the condition that the ratio of the aerosol extinction coefficient to backscattering is constant along with the distance needs to be assumed, the uncertainty of the inversion result is caused. The laser radar equation is:
wherein,for the received signal in the range of r,emitting signals for laser pulses, eta is the quantum efficiency of the detector, A is the area of the receiving telescope system,rthe height of the air inlet pipe is vertical,is a geometric overlap factor of the laser beam receiving field angle,cit is the speed of light that is,tis the laser pulse period, beta andrespectively, the total backscattering coefficient and the total extinction coefficient of the atmosphere, an
Where S1 is the aerosol extinction scattering ratio, there are two unknowns for a lidar equation (C:)And) Therefore, an assumption is made of the ratio of the aerosol extinction coefficient to the backscattering coefficient. Therefore, uncertainty exists in the existing method for inverting the optical characteristics of the aerosol by utilizing the laser radar equation.
The existing extraction method of atmospheric aerosol parameters of the Mie scattering laser radar, such as the Klett method, needs to make the assumption of the laser radar ratio, and influences the detection precision of the extinction coefficient of the aerosol. Based on HSRL (high spectral resolution laser radar) of an iodine molecule filter, aerosol and molecule scattering are separated by utilizing the characteristic of the iodine molecule filter on high rejection ratio of the iodine molecule filter to the aerosol backscattering, so that a high-precision atmospheric aerosol and molecule optical parameter profile is obtained, but the absorption peak value of the iodine molecule absorption filter does not exist at a plurality of commonly used laser frequencies, so that the use of the iodine molecule absorption filter is limited; the HSRL based on the Fizeau interference filter separates aerosol scattering and atmospheric molecular scattering, solves the ill-conditioned mathematical problem of the optical property of the aerosol measured by the laser radar, does not need to assume the laser radar ratio, but has low light energy collection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a method for measuring the optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol with small relative error, and solves the problem that the traditional backscattering laser radar uses one radar equation to invert two unknowns, namely the scattering coefficient and the extinction coefficient of the aerosol.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an atmospheric aerosol optical characteristic measuring method, which comprises the steps of locking the laser emission frequency at the central position of a transmission spectral line peak value of a Fabry-Perot interference filter, emitting laser into the atmosphere, receiving a backscattering signal by using the Fabry-Perot interference filter, and then performing inversion according to a laser radar equation to obtain an atmospheric backscattering ratio and an aerosol backscattering coefficient.
The locking of the laser emission frequency is realized by the following method: the backscattering signal after the laser emission enters the atmosphere is divided into two paths, wherein one path enters a reference channel, and the other path enters a Fabry-Perot interference filter to obtain two paths of AD detection signals; the ratio change of the AD detection signal of the reference channel and the AD detection signal passing through the Fabry-Perot interference filter is used for feedback control of the emergent laser frequency; and locking the ratio of the two paths of AD detection signals, so that the frequency of the emitted laser slowly drifts along with the central frequency of the peak value of the transmission spectral line of the Fabry-Perot interference filter, and the emission frequency of the laser is locked.
The invention also provides a high-spectral-resolution laser radar system, which comprises a laser transmitting system, a laser receiving system, a photoelectric detection system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the laser receiving system comprises a telescope, a Fabry-Perot interference filter and an optical receiving system; the laser emission system emits laser, one path of the laser enters the atmosphere, a backscattering signal is received by the telescope, and the other path of the laser is combined with the backscattering signal received by the telescope and is introduced into the optical receiving system as a received scattering signal; after the scattered signals pass through the optical receiving system, one path of the scattered signals enters a reference channel, and the other path of the scattered signals enters a Fabry-Perot interference filter to respectively obtain two paths of echo signals; the two echo signals respectively acquire an AD detection signal and an atmospheric scattering signal through corresponding photoelectric detection systems; and data acquired by the photoelectric detection system is input into the data acquisition and analysis system, the ratio of the two paths of AD detection signals is locked, and the atmospheric backscattering ratio and the aerosol backscattering coefficient are inverted.
The optical receiving system comprises a lens, an optical filter and a spectroscope; after passing through a lens and an optical filter in sequence, the scattering signal is divided into two parts by the spectroscope, wherein one part enters the reference channel, and the other part enters the Fabry-Perot interference filter.
The photoelectric detection system comprises a photoelectric detector, an AD acquisition card and a photon counting card; and the photoelectric detector receives the corresponding echo signals, converts the echo signals into electric signals, and then respectively collects the photomultiplier signals through an AD collection card and a photon counting card.
The laser emission system comprises a seed laser, an oscillator and a beam expander; and the seed laser injects laser into the oscillator, and outputs the laser after being expanded by the beam expander.
The data acquisition and analysis system comprises a control system and a computer; the computer is respectively connected with the photoelectric detection system and the control system; the control system is connected with the laser emission system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. effective separation of atmosphere backscattering signals is realized; 2. locking laser frequency to ensure that the spectrum of the interferometer is coincident with the laser spectrum; 3. improvement and convenience are brought to the inversion of the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol; 4. the method solves the problem that the traditional backscattering laser radar uses one radar equation to invert two unknowns of aerosol scattering coefficient and extinction coefficient; 5. the measured atmosphere backscattering ratio has high precision and small relative error.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a total scattering spectrum of atmospheric molecules and aerosol backscattering;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-seed laser, 2-oscillator, 3-beam expander, 4-telescope, 5-reference fiber, 6-optical coupler, 7-signal receiving fiber, 8-lens, 9-optical filter, 10-spectroscope, 11-photoelectric detector, 12-Fabry-Perot interference filter, 13-AD acquisition card, 14-photon counting card, 15-computer, 16-control system and 17-atmosphere.
Detailed Description
As known, the total scattering signal spectrum received by the telescope comprises a Rayleigh scattering signal generated by atmospheric molecular scattering and a Mie scattering signal generated by aerosol particle scattering, and both the signal spectra can be regarded as Gaussian linear distributions with different widths and centers at the central frequency of the emitted laser. Because the atmospheric molecule thermal motion speed is high and the Doppler broadening of laser is obvious, the molecular scattering spectrum is wide and is generally in GHz level; the broadening of the laser spectrum by the aerosol particles is mainly caused by their brownian motion, and is not significant due to the slow speed of motion, and the aerosol scattering spectrum is generally considered to have a spectral width (about 100 MHz) comparable to that of the emitted laser. The aerosol signal appears as a narrow spike in the center of the total scattering spectrum. As shown in fig. 1.
The HSRL mainly utilizes the characteristic of a total scattering spectrum, scans the laser frequency to a proper position and stops scanning when the laser frequency is tuned and a transmission spectral line is scanned, and locks the laser emission frequency according to the change of the ratio of the transmissivity so as to realize the function of a high-spectral-resolution laser radar system; the aerosol scattering component and the molecular scattering component are separated through the Fabry-Perot interference narrow-band spectral filter, the difficulty that a radar equation is used for inverting two unknown quantities of the aerosol scattering coefficient and the extinction coefficient in the traditional backscattering laser radar is just solved, the backscattering ratio of the measured aerosol is high in precision, and the relative error is small.
As shown in fig. 2, the high spectral resolution lidar system of the present invention uses a narrow band Nd injected by seed laser: YAG laser is used as a transmitting light source, laser is transmitted into the atmosphere, meanwhile, a part of light is introduced into the photoelectric detection system by using the optical fiber, on one hand, the photoelectric detection system completes the detection of atmosphere scattering signals at different heights, and on the other hand, the laser transmitting frequency is locked at the central position of the peak value of the transmission spectral line of the Fabry-Perot interference filter. The Fabry-Perot interference filter is used as a high-spectral-resolution filter device, aerosol signals penetrate through the Fabry-Perot interference filter, molecular signals are totally reflected, separation of atmospheric molecular backscattering signals and aerosol backscattering signals is achieved, and the aerosol backscattering coefficients are inverted by using the obtained signal intensity. The high spectral resolution laser radar system is composed of a laser emitting system, a laser receiving system, a photoelectric detection system and a data acquisition and analysis system. The laser emission system comprises a seed laser 1, an oscillator 2 and a beam expander 3; the laser receiving system comprises a telescope 4, an optical coupler 6, a lens 8, an optical filter 9, a spectroscope 10 and a Fabry-Perot interference filter 12; the optical detection system comprises an optical detector 11, an AD acquisition card 13 and a photon counting card 14; the data acquisition and analysis system includes a computer 15 and a control system 16. The seed laser 1 outputs laser, after passing through the oscillator 2 and the beam expander 3 in sequence, the laser is divided into two parts by the spectroscope, one part is directly introduced into a laser receiving system through the reference optical fiber 5, and the other part enters the atmosphere; the laser backscattering signal entering the atmosphere is received by the telescope 4, passes through the optical coupler 6, and is combined with the laser energy directly introduced through the reference fiber 5 through the signal receiving fiber 7 to be used as a received scattering signal. The received scattered signals are collimated and filtered by a lens 8 and an optical filter 9 in sequence, then pass through a spectroscope 10, a part of energy enters a reference channel as reference energy, and the other part of energy enters a Fabry-Perot interference filter 12. The energy entering the reference channel passes through a photomultiplier (photodetector 11), converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then collects the photomultiplier signal using an AD capture card 13 and a photon counting card 14. The computer 15 receives the acquired signals, and the control system 16 is used for locking the ratio of two paths of AD detection signals (the control system uses 16-bit D/A signals of a 16-bit PXI6259 data acquisition system of NI company for scanning, the laser frequency can reach a continuous tuning range of 30GHz in a certain longitudinal mode, the temperature tuning rate is-3.1 GHz/DEG C, the temperature adjustment of the laser crystal is realized through external voltage, the corresponding relation of the temperature and the voltage is 1 ℃/V, and the high tuning precision can be reached by applying voltage to seed laser through the 16-bit data acquisition card), so that the emitted laser frequency slowly drifts along with the central frequency of a transmission spectral line peak value of the Fabry-Perot interference filter, and the laser emission frequency is locked. Meanwhile, the computer 15 performs real-time analysis according to the acquired data and inverts the atmospheric backscattering ratio and the aerosol backscattering coefficient according to the measured data.
The method for measuring the optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol by using the high-spectral-resolution laser radar system comprises the following specific steps of:
1) YAG laser as seed laser is injected into high-energy pulse laser oscillator 2 to obtain high-power, narrow-linewidth and 355nm output laser, pulse energy is 20mJ, and repetition frequency is 100 Hz.
2) After the 355nm laser is expanded by the beam expander 3, most of the emitted laser energy enters the atmosphere 17, and a small part of the laser is directly introduced into the optical receiving system through the reference optical fiber 5.
3) The laser energy encounters a target (atmosphere) and interacts with the target to produce different directional scatterings, with the backscattered signal being received by the telescope 4.
4) The scattering signal received by the telescope 4 is optically coupled into a signal receiving optical fiber 7 through an optical coupler 6, and then is combined with the laser energy directly introduced by the reference optical fiber 5 to be used as the received scattering signal.
5) The received scattered signal light is collimated into parallel light by a lens 8, and background light is compressed by a narrow-band filter 9 with the central wavelength of 355nm and the bandwidth of 0.35 nm.
6) The filtered and collimated signal passes through a beam splitter 10, a part of the energy enters a reference channel as reference energy, and most of the energy enters a fabry-perot system (fabry-perot interference filter 12).
7) The energy entering the reference channel converts the optical signal into an electrical signal through a photomultiplier (photodetector 11) in the photodetector system; the electric signal is divided into two paths, wherein one path enters the peak holding circuit and is used for detecting the locking frequency of the transmissivity; the other is rapidly amplified and enters the photon counting card 14 for obtaining aerosol and molecular scattering signals.
8) After passing through the Fabry-Perot interference filter 12, the echo signal passes through a photomultiplier in a photoelectric detection system, and the optical signal is converted into an electric signal; then, dividing the signal into two paths, wherein one path enters a peak holding circuit and is used for detecting the locking frequency of the transmissivity; the other path enters the photon counting card 14 after being rapidly amplified, and is used for obtaining an aerosol scattering signal.
9) The ratio of the AD detection signal of the reference channel to the AD detection signal after passing through the fabry-perot interference filter 12 changes, that is, the ratio of the AD detection signal is locked by monitoring the change of the transmittance to feedback-control the outgoing laser frequency, and the control system 16 (scanning and temperature control) is used to lock the laser emission frequency by making the outgoing laser frequency follow the slow drift of the center frequency of the peak value of the transmission line of the fabry-perot interference filter.
10) After the laser emission frequency is locked, the collected data are analyzed in real time through the computer 15, and the atmospheric backscattering ratio and the aerosol backscattering coefficient are inverted according to the measured data.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol is characterized in that laser emission frequency is locked at the central position of a transmission spectral line peak value of a Fabry-Perot interference filter, laser is emitted into the atmosphere, a backward scattering signal is received by the Fabry-Perot interference filter, and then atmospheric backward scattering ratio and aerosol backward scattering coefficient are inverted according to a laser radar equation.
2. The assay method according to claim 1, wherein the locking of the laser emission frequency is achieved by: the backscattering signal after the laser emission enters the atmosphere is divided into two paths, wherein one path enters a reference channel, and the other path enters a Fabry-Perot interference filter to obtain two paths of AD detection signals; the ratio change of the AD detection signal of the reference channel and the AD detection signal passing through the Fabry-Perot interference filter is used for feedback control of the emergent laser frequency; and locking the ratio of the two paths of AD detection signals, so that the frequency of the emitted laser slowly drifts along with the central frequency of the peak value of the transmission spectral line of the Fabry-Perot interference filter, and the emission frequency of the laser is locked.
3. A high spectral resolution lidar system employing the method of claim 1, wherein the lidar system comprises a laser transmitter system, a laser receiver system, a photodetector system, and a data acquisition and analysis system; the laser receiving system comprises a telescope, a Fabry-Perot interference filter and an optical receiving system; the laser emission system emits laser, one path of the laser enters the atmosphere, a backscattering signal is received by the telescope, and the other path of the laser is combined with the backscattering signal received by the telescope and is introduced into the optical receiving system as a received scattering signal; after the scattered signals pass through the optical receiving system, one path of the scattered signals enters a reference channel, and the other path of the scattered signals enters a Fabry-Perot interference filter to respectively obtain two paths of echo signals; the two echo signals respectively acquire an AD detection signal and an atmospheric scattering signal through corresponding photoelectric detection systems; and data acquired by the photoelectric detection system is input into the data acquisition and analysis system, the ratio of the two paths of AD detection signals is locked, and the atmospheric backscattering ratio and the aerosol backscattering coefficient are inverted.
4. The lidar system of claim 3, wherein the optical receiving system comprises a lens, a filter, a beam splitter; after passing through a lens and an optical filter in sequence, the scattering signal is divided into two parts by the spectroscope, wherein one part enters the reference channel, and the other part enters the Fabry-Perot interference filter.
5. The lidar system of claim 3, wherein the photodetection system comprises a photodetector, an AD acquisition card, a photon counting card; and the photoelectric detector receives the corresponding echo signals, converts the echo signals into electric signals, and then respectively collects the photomultiplier signals through an AD collection card and a photon counting card.
6. The lidar system of claim 3, wherein the laser emitting system comprises a seed laser, an oscillator, and a beam expander; and the seed laser injects laser into the oscillator, and outputs the laser after being expanded by the beam expander.
7. The lidar system of claim 3, wherein the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a control system and a computer; the computer is respectively connected with the photoelectric detection system and the control system; the control system is connected with the laser emission system.
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105486664A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学 | Laser radar device and method for detecting marine phytoplankton biomass and POC |
| CN105824018A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | System and method for laser speed measurement based on non-injection laser and Etalon |
| CN105974396A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 南京信息工程大学 | Speed measurement method and system based on double etalons |
| CN106526611A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 鲁东大学 | Method for measuring ocean inherent optical parameter by using laser radar system |
| CN107192936A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-22 | 山东辰宇稀有材料科技有限公司 | A kind of portable semiconductor minority carrier lifetime tester |
| CN108303706A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-20 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of aerosol optical parameter detection method and EO-1 hyperion Airborne Lidar examining system |
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| CN110006848A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-12 | 北京是卓科技有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus obtaining Aerosol Extinction |
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