CN104775838B - Adaptive anti-corrosion anchor pole - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt, which includes a push tube, a stretch rod and a support seat, and is characterized in that the push tube and the support seat are sleeved on the outside of the stretch rod, and the push tube and the support seat are sleeved on the outside of the stretch rod. Rollers are arranged between the support seats, the rollers are located inside the support seats, and there are multiple rollers, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the stretch rod, and the rollers are installed on the The front end of the push tube is such that when the push tube is pushed toward the support base, the roller or the push tube applies radial pressure to the stretch rod; the support base is fixed by a nut. The invention solves the problem that the anchor rod works in a complex environment such as airtight humidity, alternating dry and wet, and permanent immersion, which causes corrosion of the metal anchor rod, damages the surface of the anchor rod material, causes fracture or reduces the bearing capacity.

Description

Adaptive Corrosion Resistant Anchor

technical field

The invention relates to a self-adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt, which belongs to the field of civil construction equipment.

Background technique

Bolt support has the characteristics of strong adaptability and easy installation, and is widely used in engineering technologies such as mines, tunnels, dams, and civil construction. The extensible bolt can make the bolt and the surrounding rock deform to a certain extent under the condition of ensuring the support resistance, so as to release the destructive energy of the surrounding rock deformation. According to the working principle, this kind of anchor can be divided into two categories: the rod body can be extended and the structural element can be extended by sliding. The former relies on the yield strength and elongation of the anchor material to provide the support resistance and elongation of the anchor respectively. The typical ones are Thyssen extensible anchors in Germany and the bending elongation anchors developed by the former Soviet Union; the latter are Some mechanical structures are designed. When the deformation of the surrounding rock is transmitted to the rod body and the tensile stress in the rod body reaches a certain value, the rod body can slide with the aid of the mechanical structure. The sliding resistance and sliding amount of the rod body are the working resistance and extension of the bolt. , typical types include structural friction-sliding, structural shear-sliding and structural extrusion-sliding. (Hou Chaojiong, Principle and Application of Extendable Bolt, Northeast Coal Technology, 1995,5).

Lai Yingde and others summarized several forms of extensible anchors in "Several Extensible Bolts (Coal Mining, No. 3, 1998)", including rod body friction elongation, orifice compression, Rod body snake form and rod body elongation type extensible anchor rod etc., but all have not been well popularized and applied.

With the continuous extension of the mining depth of mineral resources, the surrounding rock mass of the roadway shows obvious soft rock characteristics of large deformation, large ground pressure, and continuous rheology, which puts forward higher requirements for bolt support materials: the coordination between the bolt and the surrounding rock Deformation allows the surrounding rock to deform in a controlled manner and exert the self-supporting ability of the surrounding rock (Zhang Guoqing. Research on the development of high-strength plastic TRIP steel bolts [J]. Coal Mining Machinery, 2013, 34(11): 43-45). The elongation of traditional high-strength anchors is generally about 15%, which can no longer meet this new requirement, so large deformation anchors are required.

In "A New Type of Extensible Anchor Rod Applicable to Large Deformation Support" (Zhongnan Highway Engineering, 2007, No. 2), Li You et al. Anchor rods can also achieve large deformation support.

Patent CN201010196197.2 proposes a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod, which utilizes the friction force between the thread on the rod body and the nut to provide resistance to achieve large deformation. However, this structure that provides resistance by means of friction cannot give full play to the strength of the anchor rod itself, and the diameter of the rod body itself must be large to provide sufficient anchor rod force. Patent CN201110187361.8 proposes a constant-resistance energy-absorbing bolt for strengthening large-deformation rock mass. The tapered cylinder squeezes the expandable cylinder to expand the inner diameter to generate resistance. In fact, it is very difficult to control the cylinder from being damaged during the diameter expansion process, resulting in failure of the bolt. CN201110332484 proposes a shear casing type yielding anchor rod, the surface of the anchor rod body is welded with a certain number and spacing of shear cores, and the deformation yield capacity is realized through the mutual shearing action of the shear cores and the small inner diameter section of the casing . In this case, the sleeve needs to have a relatively high strength. CN201210139092.2 discloses a high-strength, constant-resistance, large-deformation anchor rod and its use method. When the rod body passes through a wire drawing die, the reduction in diameter provides resistance and elongation. Theoretically, the overall plastic deformation of the rod body requires a very large tensile force, and the components that limit the deformation (such as wire drawing dies, etc.) are required to have very high strength, which will make the cost of the anchor rod very high.

Jiang Li and others discussed the possibility of using new high-strength steels (TRIP steel and TWIP steel) as anchors (Jiang Li, Shen Hanling. Mechanical properties of new ultra-high-strength anchor materials[J]. Mine Pressure and Roof Management, 1998 ,(4).:29-32), this kind of steel has excellent strong plasticity, but it is expensive, and it will take time to popularize and apply it.

Once the external tensile force F exceeds the deformation resistance P of the anchor rod, the anchor rod will be elongated and deformed, and the elongation speed V is determined by the resultant force of the two forces of the tensile force F and the deformation resistance P. Generally, the deformation resistance P is constant, so the elongation velocity V changes with the tension F. In the case where constant speed elongation is required, the deformation speed does not change with the change of external force, and complex control is required to adapt to the change of external force by changing the deformation resistance. The application method utilizes a computer program to control deformation resistance.

Anchor bolts generally work in complex environments such as closed humidity, alternating wet and dry, and permanent immersion. These factors may cause corrosion of the metal anchor, damage the surface of the anchor material, cause fracture or reduce the bearing capacity.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt to solve the problem that the bolt works in a complex environment such as airtight humidity, alternating dry and wet, and permanent immersion, which will cause corrosion of the metal bolt, damage the surface of the bolt material, and cause fracture Or reduce the carrying capacity of the problem.

The purpose of the present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions:

The self-adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt includes a push tube, a stretch rod and a support seat, the push tube and the support seat are sleeved on the outside of the stretch rod, and a roller is arranged between the push tube and the support seat , the rollers are located inside the support seat, and there are multiple rollers, evenly distributed around the circumference of the stretch rod, the rollers are installed at the front end of the push tube, so that the push When the tube is pushed toward the support seat, the roller or the push tube exerts radial pressure on the stretch rod; the support seat is fixed by a nut.

Preferably, the roller is set as a cylindrical roller, and a tapered guide groove is provided inside the support seat corresponding to the roller; the pushing surface of the front end of the push tube is a plane, and the roller is located On the push surface of the front end of the push tube, a plurality of longitudinal protrusions are integrated on the outer surface of the stretch rod corresponding to the rollers, and the front end of each protrusion is configured as a slope structure.

A further design is that there are four rollers and they are located on the same cross section.

Preferably, the rollers are set as cylindrical rollers, and corresponding to each of the rollers, the push tube is set as a plurality of longitudinal ribs that slide and fit with the stretching rod, and a slope is provided at the front end of the longitudinal ribs , the rollers cooperate with the inclined surface, and each roller is located in a roller positioning groove in the support seat.

The mating surface between the longitudinal rib and the stretch rod is a plane.

Preferably, an opening is opened on the side wall of the support seat, and a reversing pull rod is provided, and the reversing pull rod cooperates with the roller, and the roller is set as a cylindrical roller, and the push rod at the front end of the push tube The surface is a plane, and the roller is located on the push surface at the front end of the push tube.

Preferably, the roller is set as a cylindrical roller, and a tapered guide groove is provided inside the support seat corresponding to the roller; the outer wall of the push tube is provided with several radially structured teeth, And the front ends of the teeth are set as inclined surfaces, so that when the push tube is pushed forward, the surfaces cooperate with the rollers.

Preferably, the roller is set as a cylindrical roller, and a tapered guide groove is provided inside the support seat corresponding to the roller; the pushing surface of the front end of the push tube is a plane, and the roller is located The push surface at the front end of the push tube.

Preferably, an opening is opened on the side wall of the support seat, and a pressure sleeve is provided, and the pressure sleeve is supported on the outside of the roller, the roller is set as a spherical roller, and the outer wall of the push tube is provided with There are several radially structured teeth, and the front ends of the teeth are set as inclined surfaces, so that when the push tube is pushed forward, the surface cooperates with the rollers.

The surface of the stretch rod is made of plastic material, and the core rod is made of hard material.

The stretch rod is a combination of soft and hard, that is, it is composed of two layers from the core to the surface. The core is a high-strength material, and the surface is a high-plastic soft material, which is prone to plastic deformation when subjected to extrusion force. The soft layer can be protrusions of various shapes, or no protrusions are required. The non-deformable body is made of high-strength material, and high-strength steel is selected according to the working conditions; the support sleeve, moving block and lever are made of hard material, and no plastic deformation and fracture will occur during work.

Surface anti-corrosion treatment: process in a heat treatment furnace, inject water vapor or ammonia gas with a pressure of 0.01-1MPa, and keep warm at a temperature of 400-600°C for 0.1-2 hours.

Surface softening and anti-corrosion treatment method: Treat in a heat treatment furnace, inject a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen, the water vapor pressure is 0.01-1MPa, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.01-1MPa. After keeping the temperature at 400-900°C for 1-10 hours, stop the hydrogen supply, and keep the temperature at 400-600°C for 0.1-2 hours.

After the tensile rod passes through the hard roller, only the local plastic deformation of the deformed body (soft layer or tooth) occurs under the action of the pressing force, which is more resistant than the friction anchor rod, but easier than the plastic deformation of the entire rod body Realization; it has large deformation and high resistance at the same time, and can be adjusted according to needs, and can adapt to the change of external force to maintain uniform elongation; it has a longer service life under environmental corrosion resistance; simple structure and low cost.

In the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod of the present invention, when the push tube and the stretch rod are subjected to axial external forces in opposite directions, the stretch rod will elongate. The axial external force acting on the push tube is obtained by the reversing mechanism to obtain radial and axial extrusion components, which act on the deformable body through the rollers to make it plastically deformed, and the radial component stabilizes the hard block in a balanced state. position, the plastic deformation of the push rod is constant, and the elongation speed of the elongated part is constant.

When the axial external force changes, the axial component force and radial component force change accordingly. The axial component force changes the elongation speed, while the radial component force drives the hard block to produce radial displacement, which hinders the elongation speed. If it is changed, the elongation speed of the elongated part remains constant, that is, it automatically adapts to the change of external force. The stretch rod is deformed by drawing and rolling: the push tube and the support are connected together by bolts, and the hard block on the support is pressed against the rod. When the external force F acts, the rod and the tube move relative to each other in the axial direction, so that The soft layer on the surface of the stretch rod undergoes local plastic deformation.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below according to the drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of an adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 7 .

Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant bolt according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 9 .

Fig. 11 is a structural diagram of the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view in Fig. 11 .

Fig. 13 is a structural diagram of the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view in Fig. 13 .

detailed description

As shown in Figure 1-2, the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a push tube 2, a stretch rod 1 and a support seat 3, and the push tube 2 and support seat 3 are sleeved on the stretch rod 1, a roller 4 is provided between the push tube 2 and the support seat 3, the roller 4 is located inside the support seat 3, and there are multiple rollers 4 around the The circumference of the stretch rod 1 is evenly distributed, and the roller 4 is installed on the front end of the push tube, so that when the push tube is pushed toward the support seat, the roller or the push tube will The stretch rod exerts radial pressure; the support seat is fixed by a nut 5 .

Preferably, the roller 4 is set as a cylindrical roller, and a tapered guide groove 31 is provided inside the support seat corresponding to the roller 4; the push surface of the front end of the push tube is a plane, and the The roller is located on the push surface of the front end of the push tube; corresponding to the roller, a plurality of longitudinal protrusions 12 are integrated on the outer surface of the stretch rod, and the front end of each protrusion 12 is provided with is a sloped structure.

A further design is that there are four rollers 4 located on the same cross section.

As shown in Fig. 3-4, in the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the roller 4 is set as a cylindrical roller, and a tapered shape is provided inside the support seat corresponding to the roller. The guide groove; the push surface of the front end of the push tube is a plane, and the roller is located on the push surface of the front end of the push tube.

As shown in Figures 5-6, in the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod described in the third embodiment of the present invention, the rollers 4 are set as cylindrical rollers, and corresponding to each of the rollers 4, the push tube is set to be the same as Several longitudinal ribs that are slidingly fitted by the stretch rod are provided with inclined surfaces at the front ends of the longitudinal ribs, and the rollers cooperate with the inclined surfaces, and each roller is located in a roller positioning groove in the support seat.

The mating surface between the longitudinal rib and the stretch rod is a plane.

As shown in Figures 7-8, the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention has an opening on the side wall of the support seat, and is provided with a reversing pull rod 6, and the reversing pull rod 6 passes through the mating surface 61 cooperates with the roller 4, the roller 4 is set as a cylindrical roller, the push surface of the front end of the push tube is a plane, and the roller is located on the push surface of the front end of the push tube. A pressure sleeve 7 is provided to the outside of the pull rod 6 .

As shown in FIGS. 9-10 , the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is different from Embodiment 4 in that the reversing pull rod 6 directly cooperates with the roller 4 .

As shown in Figures 11-12, in the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod described in Embodiment 6 of the present invention, the roller 4 is set as a cylindrical roller, and corresponding to the roller 4, there is a taper inside the support seat. Shaped guide groove 31; the outer wall of the push tube is provided with several teeth 12 of radial structure, and the front end of the tooth is set as an inclined surface, so that when the push tube is pushed forward, the surface and the rolling sub-coordination.

As shown in Figures 13-14, the self-adaptive corrosion-resistant anchor rod described in Embodiment 7 of the present invention is provided with a pressure sleeve 7, and the pressure sleeve 7 is pushed against the outside of the roller 4, and the roller 4 is set as Spherical roller, the outer wall of the push tube is provided with several teeth 12 with radial structure, and the front end of the tooth 12 is set as an inclined surface, so that when the push tube is pushed forward, the surface and the roller Cooperate.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the stretch rod adopts a soft-hard structure, that is, it is composed of two layers from the core to the surface, the core is a high-strength material, and the surface is a high-plastic soft material. Plastic deformation easily occurs under pressure. The soft layer can be protrusions of various shapes, or no protrusions are required. The non-deformable parts are made of high-strength materials, and high-strength steels are selected according to the working conditions; the support sleeves, moving blocks and levers are made of hard materials, and no plastic deformation and fracture will occur during work. The surface is made of plastic material and the core rod is made of hard material.

Surface anti-corrosion treatment: process in a heat treatment furnace, inject water vapor or ammonia gas with a pressure of 0.01-1MPa, and keep warm at a temperature of 400-600°C for 0.1-2 hours.

Surface softening and anti-corrosion treatment method: Treat in a heat treatment furnace, inject a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen, the water vapor pressure is 0.01-1MPa, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.01-1MPa. After keeping the temperature at 400-900°C for 1-10 hours, stop the hydrogen supply, and keep the temperature at 400-600°C for 0.1-2 hours.

After the tensile rod passes through the hard roller, only the local plastic deformation of the deformed body (soft layer or tooth) occurs under the action of the pressing force, which is more resistant than the friction anchor rod, but easier than the plastic deformation of the entire rod body Realization; it has large deformation and high resistance at the same time, and can be adjusted according to needs, and can adapt to the change of external force to maintain uniform elongation; it has a longer service life under environmental corrosion resistance; simple structure and low cost.

Claims (2)

1. adaptive anti-corrosion anchor pole, including ejector sleeve, stretch rod and support base, it is characterised in that ejector sleeve and the support base socket In the outside of stretch rod, roller is provided between the ejector sleeve and the support base, the roller is located inside the support base, And the roller is provided with multiple, the even circumferential around the stretch rod is distributed, and the roller is arranged on before the ejector sleeve End, makes the ejector sleeve when being promoted to support base direction, and the roller or the ejector sleeve apply radial pressure to the stretch rod； The support base is fixed by nut；

In the side wall upper shed of the support base, and provided with commutation pull bar, the commutation pull bar coordinates with the roller, the rolling Son is set to cylindrical roller, and the pushing surface of the ejector sleeve front end is plane, and the roller is located in the pushing surface of the ejector sleeve front end.

2. adaptive anti-corrosion anchor pole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the surface of the stretch rod uses plastic material Manufacture, core bar is manufactured using hard material；

Processing that top layer is anti-corrosion：Handled in heat-treatment furnace, be passed through pressure 0.01-1MPa water vapour or ammonia, 0.1-2 hours are incubated at a temperature of 400-600 DEG C；

Top layer softens corrosion-resistant treatment method：Handled in heat-treatment furnace, be passed through the gaseous mixture of water vapour and hydrogen, vapor Pressure 0.01-1MPa, Hydrogen Vapor Pressure 0.01-1MPa；Stop hydrogen supply after being incubated 1-10 hours at a temperature of 400-900 DEG C, 0.1-2 hours are incubated at a temperature of 400-600 DEG C.