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CN104769328B - 包括行星齿轮组的球型cvt/ivt - Google Patents

包括行星齿轮组的球型cvt/ivt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104769328B
CN104769328B CN201380052994.5A CN201380052994A CN104769328B CN 104769328 B CN104769328 B CN 104769328B CN 201380052994 A CN201380052994 A CN 201380052994A CN 104769328 B CN104769328 B CN 104769328B
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Prior art keywords
gear
transmission device
power transmission
brake
ball
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CN104769328A (zh
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K·E·库珀
T·J·莫尔斯切克
A·W·菲利普斯
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Dana Ltd
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Dana Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/0853CVT using friction between rotary members having a first member of uniform effective diameter cooperating with different parts of a second member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/48Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/50Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/503Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which two members co-operate by means of balls or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/48Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/50Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/52Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of another member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/26Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
    • F16H15/28Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution with external friction surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0893Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT characterised in the ratio of the continuously variable transmission is different from zero when the output shaft speed is zero

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本文公开了动力传输装置,动力传输装置具有一种或多种操作模式,例如,连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式和IVT/CVT模式,这些模式可以通过接合不同离合器和制动器而选择。本文公开了动力传输装置,其包括动力输入轴、一个或多个行星齿轮组、变速机构(诸如CVT)和一个或多个离合器和制动器。在某些实施例中,第一制动器选定IVT模式,第二制动器选定CVT模式,而第三制动器选定IVT/CVT模式。

Description

包括行星齿轮组的球型CVT/IVT
交叉引用
本申请要求保护在2012年9月7日提交的美国临时申请第61/697,912号和在2013年3月14日提交的美国临时申请第61/783,853号的权益,这些申请以引用的方式并入到本文中。
背景技术
自动和手动变速器常常用于汽车上。这些变速器变得越来越复杂,因为必须调整发动机速度来限制车辆的消耗和排放。在常用变速器中对发动机速度的更精细控制能通常仅通过添加齿轮和增加总复杂性和成本来实现。因此,6速手动变速器变得像8或9速自动传动装置那样常见。
发明内容
提供了用于以更平稳和更高效方式来传递动力的系统、装置和方法,优选地利用更少或更小的部件。在某些实施例中,本文所公开的动力传输装置具有一种或多种操作模式,例如连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式和IVT/CVT模式。在某些实施例中,通过接合不同离合器和/或制动器来选择各操作模式。
在某些实施例中,在本文中描述了用于动力传输的设备。在某些实施例中,动力传输设备包括动力输入轴、一个或多个行星齿轮组、变速机构和一个或多个离合器和制动器(也被称作制动离合器)。在某些实施例中,第一行星齿轮组机械地联接到动力输入轴。在某些实施例中,变速机构机械联接到行星齿轮组中的某些。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器和制动器用于在动力传输设备的多种操作模式之间切换。
在某些实施例中,动力传输装置的部件具有各种配置并且包括多种不同类型的零件。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器和制动器被配置成选择性地接合或释放,以在动力传输设备的各模式之间切换。在某些实施例中,齿轮组包括拉威娜式齿轮组、双太阳轮行星齿轮组或三太阳轮行星齿轮组。在某些实施例中,变速机构联接到行星齿轮组的太阳轮、齿圈或行星架。在某些实施例中,变速机构包括连续式无级变速传动(CVT),诸如牵引型,也被称作球型CVT。在某些实施例中,动力传输装置还包括:第一和第二球斜道,其安置于变速机构的任一侧上,以提供夹持力以进行扭矩传递。在某些实施例中,动力输入轴联接到阻尼器和内燃机的输出。
在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器和制动器包括用于选择动力传输设备的无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式的第一离合器或制动器。在某些实施例中,第一离合器或制动器被配置成联接到齿轮组的行星齿轮的输出。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器或制动器包括用于选择动力传输设备的连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式的第二离合器或制动器。在某些实施例中,第二离合器或制动器被配置成联接到齿轮组的太阳轮的输出。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器或制动器包括第三离合器或制动器,以选择动力传输设备的连续式无级变速传动和无限式无级变速传动(IVT/CVT)模式。在某些实施例中,第三离合器或制动器被配置成联接到齿轮组的齿圈或太阳轮。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器包括用于影响速度增加的超速离合器或制动器。在某些实施例中,一个或多个离合器包括直接驱动离合器。
在某些实施例中,动力传输装置还包括:机械地联接到变速机构的动力输出。在某些实施例中,动力输出包括用于将动力从变速机构传递到差动齿轮箱的动力输出齿圈。在某些实施例中,动力输出包括动力输出轴,在某些实施例中,动力传输装置还包括输出齿轮组,输出齿轮组机械地联接到动力输出轴,以将动力从变速机构传递到差动齿轮箱。
参考引用
因此在本说明书中提及的所有出版物、专利和专利申请以引用的方式并入到本文中到如同每个个别的出版物、专利或专利申请具体地且个别地指示为以引用的方式并入的相同程度。
附图说明
特别地在所附权利要求中陈述了本发明的新颖特征。通过参考在利用本发明的原理的说明性实施例和附图中陈述的下文的详细描述,将获得对本发明的特征和优点的更好理解,在附图中:
图1为目前已知并且使用的无级变速器(CVT)的剖视图;
图2是图1的CVP的球和齿圈的放大剖视图;
图3是用于机动车辆传动装置中的图1的基于CVP的传动装置的框图;
图4是根据本公开的一实施例的多模式传动装置的框图;
图5是根据本公开的另一实施例的多模式传动装置的框图;
图6是根据本公开的又一实施例的多模式传动装置的框图;以及
图7是根据本公开的另一实施例的多模式传动装置的框图。
图8是根据本公开的另一实施例的多模式传动装置的框图。
具体实施方式
常用于汽车上的自动和手动传动装置是无级变速器或CVT。这种CVT包括许多类型,诸如带有可变滑轮的皮带、超环面和圆锥形。CVT的原理在于其允许发动机通过根据车辆速度无级地改变传动比而以其最高效的旋转速度运行。若需要,例如,当加速时,CVT也能转换到提供更多动力的比例。CVT能将该比例从最小比例改变到最大比例,而不会有任何动力传输中断,这与通过脱开以转换比例而需要中断动力传输的常用传动装置相反。CVT的具体用途是无限式无级变速器或IVT。在CVT限于正速比的情况下,IVT配置能无级地执行空挡和甚至倒车。在某些传动系配置中,CVT可以用作IVT。
本文描述了基于球型CVT,也被称作CVP(恒定变速行星传动装置)的传动系配置,其所采用是福布鲁克技术公司(Fallbrook Technologies,Inc.)以参考US20040616399P和AU2011224083A1的专利。这种CVT包括:一定数量的球(取决于具体应用);作为输入和输出,具有与球接触的圆锥形表面的两个圆盘;以及惰轮,如图1所示。这种CVT包括一定数量的球(取决于具体应用);作为输入995和输出996,具有与球接触的圆锥形表面的两个圆盘;以及惰轮999,如图1所示。球997安装于轴998上,它们本身保持在笼或行星架中,从而允许通过使球的轴倾斜而改变传动比。也存在其它类型的球CVT,包括米尔纳无级变速器(MCVT)(MCVT)。
在图2中示出了工作原理。CVP自身利用牵引流体工作。在球与圆锥形齿圈之间的润滑剂在高压下充当固体,将动力从输入圈通过球转移到输出圈。通过使球的轴线倾斜,在输入与输出之间的比例可以改变。当轴线水平时,该比例是一,当轴线倾斜时,在轴线与接触点之间的距离变化,修改总比例。所有球的轴线同时随着包括于笼中的机构倾斜。
在汽车中,CVT用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机100与差速器102之间,如图3所示。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器101引入于发动机100与CVT 103之间,以避免转移可能严重损坏CVT的扭矩峰值和振动。在某些配置中,这个阻尼器可以与离合器联接用于起动功能。
在某些情形下,连续式无级变速器(CVT)是不太理想的。动力比例可能并非最有效和高效的,动力传输可能频繁地中断,并且变速器可能涉及使用庞大笨重的零件。因此,需要克服了这些问题中至少某些问题的改进的连续式无级变速器(CVT)。
提供用于以更平稳和更高效的方式传递动力的系统、装置和方法。在某些实施例中,这以更少或更小的零件实现。在某些实施例中,本文所公开的动力传输装置具有一种或多种操作模式,例如连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式和IVT/CVT模式,通过接合不同的离合器或制动器来选择这些模式。在某些实施例中,该设备允许利用最少数量的离合器和制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式与无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式之间进行模式转变。
构思1c/
在汽车20中,CVT 203用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机200与差速器202之间。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器201引入于发动机200与行星齿轮系211和212之间,如图4所示。配置1c/(图4)使用双太阳轮行星系211和212,然后连接到变速机构213。在双太阳轮行星系中,第一平面的行星齿轮系211的行星轮和第二平面的行星齿轮系212的行星轮由单件制成。在某些实施例中,将变速机构的输出连接到额外的行星齿轮系217。在某些实施例中,通过采用离合器216将其太阳轮和行星架锁定在一起,这个行星齿轮系被锁定为以1:1比例转动。在某些实施例中,通过采用超速离合器216锁定行星齿轮系的太阳轮到地面来具有更多范围从而实现速度增加。在某些实施例中,这个行星齿轮系的齿圈然后连接到末级驱动222和差速器202。在某些实施例中,变速机构的第二齿圈连接到第三行星齿轮系的行星架。在某些实施例中,这种配置包括两个制动器,一个用于IVT模式214和一个用于CVT模式215。在某些实施例中,该配置的中央部分包括上文所描述的变速机构。在某些实施例中,在变速机构的每一侧上的球斜道提供传递扭矩所需的夹持力。
在某些实施例中,双太阳轮行星齿轮系的行星架218连接到变速机构的输入齿圈219。在某些实施例中,通过采用IVT离合器214,在IVT模式下,双太阳轮行星齿轮系的行星架218连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,第二行星齿轮系220的太阳轮连接到变速机构221的行星架。在某些实施例中,通过采用CVT离合器215,在CVT模式下,第二行星齿轮系220的太阳轮连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,总比例通常为双太阳轮行星齿轮系传动比、变速机构传动比、输出行星齿轮系217传动比和末级驱动器传动比222的乘积。在某些实施例中,通过变速机构的IVT模式实现了停车、很低车辆速度和倒车。
在某些实施例中,通过释放一个制动器并且闭合另一个制动器来简单地进行两种模式(CVT与IVT)之间的转变。而且,输出行星齿轮系的离合器216可以用于选择在输出行星齿轮系217中的比例1:1或者超速传动比。在这两种额外比例之间的转变简单地通过改变离合器216所接合的零件来进行。在某些实施例中,这个装置能连续地改变其比例,以根据消耗量或动力目标提供该发动机可实现的最佳比例。在某些情形下,在手动或自动传动装置中,仅可以提供某些预定和离散的比例,并且需要中断动力传输来转换比例。在某些情形下,在这个装置中唯一的动力中断是为了改变模式。其它优点包括(但不限于):小末级驱动器(以一个步骤,无需副轴)和系统的成本效益。在某些实施例中,通过添加第三行星齿轮系,范围高于传统齿轮箱,这改进了车辆的总体效率。在某些实施例中,设备允许利用最少数量的制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式与无限式无级变速传动模式(IVT)之间进行模式转换。
构思1d/
在汽车30中,CVT 303用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机300与差速器302之间。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器301引入于发动机300与行星齿轮系311、312和313之间,如图5所示。配置1d(图5)使用三太阳轮行星齿轮系((311)、(312)和(313)),然后连接到变速机构(314)。在三太阳轮行星齿轮系中,第一平面的齿轮系(行星齿轮系(311))和第二平面的齿轮系(行星齿轮系(312))和第三平面的齿轮系(行星齿轮系(313))的行星轮由单件制成。在某些实施例中,变速机构输出齿圈(320)然后连接到末级驱动器(322)和差速器。在某些实施例中,这种配置包括三个制动离合器,一个用于IVT模式(315);一个用于CVT模式(316)和一个用于IVT/CVT模式(317),其中变速机构输入齿圈(319)和变速机构行星架(321)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,这种配置的中央部分是上文所描述的变速机构。在某些实施例中,在变速机构的每一侧上的球斜道提供传递扭矩必需的夹持力。
在某些实施例中,三太阳轮行星齿轮系的行星架(318)连接到变速机构输入齿圈(319)。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(318),在IVT模式下,行星架(318)连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,第三行星齿轮系(313)的太阳轮连接到变速机构(321)的行星架。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(316),在CVT模式下,第三行星齿轮系(313)的太阳轮连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,在IVT/CVT模式下,通过采用制动器(317),第二行星齿轮系的太阳轮连接到外壳,因此,允许变速机构输入齿圈(319)和变速机构行星架(321)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,关于速度,这种IVT/CVT模式位于IVT模式与CVT模式之间。在某些实施例中,总比例是三太阳轮行星齿轮系传动比、变速机构传动比和末级驱动比的乘积。在某些实施例中,利用变速机构的IVT模式通常实现停车、很低车辆速度和倒车。
在某些实施例中,通过接合一个制动器和释放其它制动器来简单地进行三种模式之间的转变。在某些实施例中,这个装置能连续地改变其比例,以根据消耗量或动力目标提供该发动机可实现的最佳比例。在某些情形下,在手动或自动传动装置中,仅可以提供某些预定和离散比例并且需要中断动力传输来转换比例。在某些情形下,在这个装置中唯一的动力中断是为了改变模式。在某些实施例中,另一优点在于通过具有那三种模式,范围高于传统齿轮箱,这改进了车辆的总体效率。在某些实施例中,设备允许利用最少数量的制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式、组合的IVT/CVT模式之间进行模式转换。
构思1e/
在汽车40中,CVT 403用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机400与差速器402之间。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器401引入于发动机400与拉威娜式行星齿轮系411之间,如图6所示。配置1e(图6)使用拉威娜式行星齿轮系(411),然后连接到变速机构(412)。在拉威娜式行星齿轮系中,第一平面的行星齿轮系和第二平面的行星齿轮系的行星轮由单件制成。在某些实施例中,变速机构输出齿圈(420)然后连接到末级驱动器(422)和差速器。在某些实施例中,这种配置包括三个制动离合器,一个用于IVT模式(413);一个用于CVT模式(414)和一个用于IVT/CVT模式(415),其中变速机构输入齿圈(419)和变速机构行星架(421)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,这种配置的中央部分是上文所描述的变速机构。在某些实施例中,在变速机构的每一侧上的球斜道提供传递扭矩必需的夹持力。
在某些实施例中,拉威娜式行星齿轮系的行星架(418)连接到变速机构输入齿圈(419)。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(413),在IVT模式下,行星架(418)连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,拉威娜式行星齿轮系(411)的第二平面齿轮系的太阳轮(416)连接到变速机构(421)的行星架。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(414),在CVT模式下,太阳轮(416)连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,在IVT/CVT模式下,通过采用制动器(415),行星齿轮系统(411)的齿圈连接到外壳,因此,使得变速机构输入齿圈(419)和变速机构行星架(421)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,关于速度,这种IVT/CVT模式位于IVT模式与CVT模式之间。在某些实施例中,总比是拉威娜式行星齿轮系传动比、变速机构传动比和末级驱动比的乘积。在某些实施例中,由变速机构的IVT模式实现了停车、很低车辆速度和倒车。
在某些实施例中,简单地通过接合一个离合器和释放另一个离合器来进行在三种模式之间的转变。在某些实施例中,这个装置能连续地改变其比例,以根据消耗量或动力目标提供该发动机可实现的最佳比例。在某些情形下,在手动或自动传动装置中,仅可以提供某些预定和离散比例并且需要中断动力传输来转换比例。在某些实施例下,在这个装置中唯一中断动力就是为了改变模式。在某些实施例中,另一优点在于通过具有那三种模式,范围高于传统齿轮箱,这改进了效率。在某些实施例中,另一优点在于拉威娜式行星齿轮系是紧凑系统。在某些实施例中,设备允许利用最少数量的制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动模式(IVT)和组合的IVT/CVT模式之间进行模式转换。
构思1f/
在汽车50中,CVT 503用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机500与差速器502之间。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器501引入于发动机500与拉威娜式行星齿轮系511之间,如图7所示。配置1f/(图7)使用拉威娜式行星齿轮系(511),然后连接到变速机构(512)。在某些实施例中,变速机构输出齿圈(520)然后连接到末级驱动器(522)和差速器。在某些实施例中,这种配置包括三个制动离合器,一个用于IVT模式(513);一个用于CVT模式(514)和一个用于IVT/CVT模式(515),其中变速机构输入齿圈(519)和变速机构行星架(521)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,这种配置的中央部分是上文所描述的变速机构。在某些实施例中,在变速机构的每一侧上的球斜道提供传递扭矩必需的夹持力。
在某些实施例中,拉威娜式行星齿轮系(511)的输出(516)连接到变速机构输入齿圈(519)。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(513),在IVT模式,将输出(516)太阳轮连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,该系统(511)的行星架(518)然后连接到变速机构的行星架。在某些实施例中,通过采用制动器(514),在CVT模式下,行星架(318)连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,在IVT/CVT模式下,通过采用制动器(515),行星齿轮系统的齿圈(517)连接到外壳,因此,使得变速机构输入齿圈(519)和变速机构行星架(521)都被驱动。在某些实施例中,关于速度,这种IVT/CVT模式位于IVT模式与CVT模式之间。在某些实施例中,总比是拉威娜式行星齿轮系传动比、变速机构传动比和末级驱动比的乘积。在某些实施例中,由变速机构的IVT模式实现了停车、很低车辆速度和倒车。
在某些实施例中,简单地通过接合一个离合器和释放其它离合器来进行在三种模式之间的转变。在某些实施例中,这个装置能连续地改变其比例,以根据消耗量或动力目标提供该发动机可实现的最佳比例。在某些情形下,在手动或自动传动装置中,仅可以提供某些预定和离散比例并且需要中断动力传输来转换比例。在某些实施例下,在这个装置中唯一中断动力就是为了改变模式。在某些实施例中,另一优点在于通过具有那三种模式,范围高于传统齿轮箱,这改进了效率。在某些实施例中,另一优点在于拉威娜式行星齿轮系是紧凑系统。在某些实施例中,设备允许利用最少数量的制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式、无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式和组合的IVT/CVT模式之间进行模式转换。
构思1g/
在汽车60中,CVT 603用于替换传统传动装置并且位于发动机600与差速器602之间。在某些情形下,扭转阻尼器601引入于发动机600与行星齿轮系611之间,如图8所示。配置1g/(图8)使用拉威娜式行星齿轮系(611),然后连接到变速机构(612)。在某些实施例中,变速机构输出连接到额外的行星齿轮系(613)。在某些实施例中,通过采用离合器(616)将其太阳轮与行星架锁定在一起而将这个行星齿轮系(613)锁定为以1:1比例转动。在某些实施例中,通过采用超速制动器(617)将行星齿轮系的太阳轮锁定到地面来具有更大范围来实现速度增加。在某些实施例中,这个行星齿轮系的齿圈然后连接到末级驱动器和差速器。在某些实施例中,变速机构的第二齿圈连接到第三行星齿轮系的行星架。在某些实施例中,这个配置包括三个制动器,一个用于IVT模式(615),一个用于CVT模式(614)并且一个用于施加超速传动比(617)。在某些实施例中,这种配置包括离合器(616),以通过使超速行星齿轮系(613)设置为1:1比例而绕过超速行星齿轮系(613)。在某些实施例中,这种配置的中央部分是上文所描述的变速机构。在某些实施例中,在变速机构的每一侧上的球斜道提供传递扭矩必需的夹持力。
在某些实施例中,输入行星齿轮系的齿圈连接到变速机构的输入齿圈。在某些实施例中,通过采用IVT制动器(615),在IVT模式下,输入行星齿轮系的齿圈连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,通过采用CVT制动器(614),在CVT模式下,输入行星齿轮系的行星架连接到外壳。在某些实施例中,输入行星齿轮系的行星架连接到变速机构的行星架。在某些实施例中,总比例通常是输入行星齿轮系传动比、变速机构传动比、输出行星齿轮系(613)传动比和末级驱动比之乘积。在某些实施例中,由变速机构的IVT模式实现了停车、很低车辆速度和倒车。
在某些实施例中,简单地通过释放一个离合器和闭合另一个离合器来进行在两种模式(CVT与IVT)之间的转变。而且,输出行星齿轮系的离合器(616)可用于选择输出行星齿轮系中的比例1:1。并且可以选择超速制动器来提供超速传动比。在任何时刻,在这些超速制动器和直接驱动离合器中的仅一个必须被接合。简单地通过释放一个并且接合另一个来实现这两个额外比例之间的转变。在某些实施例中,这个装置能连续地改变其比例,以根据消耗量或动力目标提供该发动机可实现的最佳比例。在某些情形下,在手动或自动传动装置中,仅可以提供某些预定和离散比例并且需要中断动力传输来转换比例。在某些实施例下,在这个装置中唯一中断动力就是为了改变模式。其它优点包括(但不限于):小末级驱动(以一个步骤,无需副轴)和该系统的成本效益。在某些实施例中,通过添加第三行星齿轮系,范围高于传统齿轮箱,这改进了车辆的总体效率。在某些实施例中,设备允许利用最少数量的制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式与无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式之间进行模式转换。
本文所描述或者通过阅读本公开而对于本领域技术人员显然的无级变速器的实施例被设想到用于多种交通工具传动系中。就非限制性示例而言,本文所公开的变速传动装置可以用于自行车、轻便摩托车、踏板车、摩托车、汽车、电动汽车、卡车、运动型多用途车(SUV)、割草机、拖拉机、收割机、农业机械、全地形车辆(ATV)、喷射式快艇、私人水上交通车辆、飞机、列车、直升机、公共汽车、铲车、高尔夫手推车、机动船、蒸汽动力船、潜艇、宇宙飞船或采用变速器的其它交通工具。
虽然本文的附图和描述针对于球式变速机构(CVT),设想到其它型式变速机构(CVT)的替代实施例,诸如可变直径滑轮(VDP)或Reeves驱动,超环面或基于滚轮的CVT(滚轮式(Extroid)CVT)、磁性CVT或mCVT、棘轮CVT、静液压CVT、Naudic增量CVT(iCVT)、锥形CVT、径向滚轮CVT、行星齿轮系CVT或任何其它型式的CVT。
虽然在本文中示出和描述了本发明的优选实施例,对于本领域技术人员显然这些实施例只是了举例说明而提供。在不偏离本发明的情况下,本领域技术人员将想到许多变型、变化和替代。应了解本文所所描述的本发明的实施例的各种替代可在实践本发明时采用。预期下文的权利要求限定了发明的范围且由此涵盖在这些权利要求和其等效物内的结构和方法。

Claims (32)

1.一种动力传输设备,包括:
动力输入轴;
行星齿轮组,所述行星齿轮组机械地联接到所述动力输入轴;
球型变速机构,所述球型变速机构机械地联接到行星齿轮组,并且包括输入圈、可倾斜的行星球、倾斜轴、行星架、惰轮和输出圈;
一个或多个离合器和制动器,以在动力传输设备的多种操作模式之间切换,
其中所述可倾斜的行星球安置在所述惰轮上并且安装在所述倾斜轴上,所述倾斜轴保持在所述行星架中,并且
其中所述可倾斜的行星球与所述输入圈和所述输出圈相接触,以在操作期间提供可变的传动比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,行星齿轮组联接到所述球型变速机构的输出以及最终减速装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个离合器和制动器被配置成选择性地接合或释放,以在所述动力传输设备的各模式之间切换。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,齿轮组是拉威娜式齿轮组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,齿轮组包括双太阳轮行星齿轮组。
6.根据权利要求5所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述双太阳轮行星齿轮组的第一平面的齿轮系的行星轮和第二平面的齿轮系的行星轮是单个单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,齿轮组包括三太阳轮行星齿轮组。
8.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述球型变速机构联接到所述行星齿轮组的太阳轮。
9.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述球型变速机构联接到所述行星齿轮组的行星轮。
10.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个离合器和制动器包括用于选择所述动力传输设备的无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式的第一离合器或制动器。
11.根据权利要求10所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第一离合器或制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的输出行星架。
12.根据权利要求10所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第一离合器或制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的太阳轮。
13.根据权利要求10所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第一离合器或制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的齿圈。
14.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个制动器包括用于选择所述动力传输设备的连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式的第二制动器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第二制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的太阳齿轮的输出。
16.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个制动器包括第三制动器用于选择所述动力传输设备的无限式无级变速传动和连续式无级变速传动(IVT/CVT)模式。
17.根据权利要求16所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第三制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的齿圈。
18.根据权利要求16所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第三制动器被配置成联接到所述齿轮组的太阳轮。
19.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述一个或多个离合器包括用于影响速度增加的超速离合器。
20.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于还包括:机械地联接到所述球型变速机构的动力输出。
21.根据权利要求20所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述动力输出包括用于将动力从所述球型变速机构传递到差动齿轮箱的动力输出齿圈。
22.根据权利要求20所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述动力输出包括动力输出轴,并且所述动力传输装置还包括输出齿轮组,所述输出齿轮组机械地联接到所述动力输出轴,以将动力从所述球型变速机构传递到差动齿轮箱。
23.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于还包括:第一和第二球斜道,所述第一和第二球斜道安置于所述球型变速机构的任一侧上,以提供夹持力以进行扭矩传递。
24.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述动力输入轴联接到阻尼器和内燃机的输出。
25.根据权利要求1至24中任一项所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于还包括:所述球型变速机构中的牵引流体。
26.一种包括根据权利要求1至25中任一项所述的动力传输设备的车辆。
27.根据权利要求1所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述设备允许利用最少数量的离合器和制动器在连续式无级变速传动(CVT)模式与无限式无级变速传动(IVT)模式之间进行模式转变。
28.一种动力传输设备,包括:
动力输入轴;
行星齿轮组,所述行星齿轮组机械地联接到所述动力输入轴;
球型变速机构,所述球型变速机构机械地联接到齿轮组,并且包括输入圈、可倾斜的行星球、倾斜轴、行星架、惰轮和输出圈;以及
第一制动器,第二制动器和第三制动器,用于在所述动力传输设备的多种操作模式之间切换,
其中所述可倾斜的行星球安置在所述惰轮上并且安装在所述倾斜轴上,所述倾斜轴保持在所述行星架中,并且
其中所述可倾斜的行星球与所述输入圈和所述输出圈相接触,以在操作期间提供可变的传动比。
29.根据权利要求28所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,行星齿轮组联接到所述球型变速机构的输出和最终减速装置。
30.根据权利要求28所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第一制动器、第二制动器和第三制动器被配置成选择性地接合或释放,以在所述动力传输设备的各模式之间切换。
31.根据权利要求28所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述球型变速机构联接到所述行星齿轮组的行星轮。
32.根据权利要求30所述的动力传输设备,其特征在于,所述第一制动器接合无限式无级变速传动模式,所述第二制动器接合连续式无级变速传动模式,而所述第三制动器用于施加超速传动比。
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WO2014039439A1 (en) 2014-03-13
US9052000B2 (en) 2015-06-09
CN104769328A (zh) 2015-07-08
JP6320386B2 (ja) 2018-05-09
US20140194242A1 (en) 2014-07-10
US20150226299A1 (en) 2015-08-13

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