CN104751121B - Light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction - Google Patents
Light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating that the present invention relates to a kind of, including light source-offer fingerprint collecting are used up；Grating-converts the wave guide mode that can be propagated in optical waveguide for the incident light from light source and is used for fingerprint detection；Light of the optical waveguide-from light source can be propagated and be totally reflected wherein through optical grating diffraction；Detection zone-realizes fingerprint collecting for contacting with finger；Imaging sensor-from the light of light source handle digital reflex after enter imaging sensor realize fingerprint imaging；Optical fingerprint identifying system of the present invention is characterized in that having used optical grating construction among the optical path that light source enters optical waveguide, make light that diffraction occur in optical waveguide and forms fingerprint detection light, the fingerprint image that aliasing does not occur is received by sensor after acquisition fingerprint, to substantially reduce the thickness of optical waveguide, realize periodic regions fingerprint collecting and whole face fingerprint collecting and touch-control, miniature, the ultrathin of realization system, while effectively improving image quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fingerprint technical field of imaging, especially a kind of light wave conduction fingerprint based on optical grating construction
Identifying system.
Background technique
Fingerprint identification technology is classified by fingerprint image acquisition mode, can be divided into optical profile type, condenser type, RF type three categories.
In finger contact, corresponding sensor, which passes through detection respective physical amount and is converted into electrical quantities formation fingerprint image, to be compared
Identification.
Capacitance type fingerprint identifying system is using a pole of the sensor as capacitor, and finger is as another pole, finger print
Ridge polar plate position opposite with paddy be differently formed capacitance difference, this capacitance difference is detected to form fingerprint image.RF type refers to
Line identifying system is to emit micro radiofrequency signal by the RF transmitter of internal system, which penetrates finger skin table
Layer reaches skin corium, and the ridge of finger print is different from the energy loss that paddy causes radiofrequency signal, the energy that receiver passes through receiving
Distribution forms fingerprint image.
Optical fingerprint identifying system, the image by receiving finger print reflection are imaged.Traditional optical finger print
Identifying system generally has there are three disadvantage: 1. structure is complicated is difficult to be miniaturized；2. optical path is affected by finger diffusing reflection, imaging
It is of low quality；3. using the finger scan mode of slidingtype, user experience is poor；United States Patent (USP) US5177802 discloses one
Kind structure that fingerprint image is read is realized with prism, but the structure has been due to having used prism, thus be difficult to realize be miniaturized, it cannot
For mobile terminals such as smart phone, tablet computers.Chinese patent CN1820272A discloses a kind of realized with optical waveguide structure and refers to
The system that print image is read, but the optical path of the structure is rougher, and image quality is poor and optical waveguide structure is thicker, it is difficult to realize
Ultrathin.United States Patent (USP) US6259108B1 discloses a kind of structure that slide fingerprint scanning is carried out using line array CCD, but whole
Body structure is larger, and is difficult to be miniaturized.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the deficiency of above-mentioned optical fingerprint identification technology, provide a kind of based on optical grating construction
Light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system while realizing miniature and ultrathin, significantly improves fingerprint imaging quality, increases oriented surface
Product reduces cost, improves fingerprint recognition accuracy rate.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating, it is characterized in that, including optical waveguide, be located at the optical waveguide
The light source of outside, the one side for being located at the optical waveguide or grating and imaging sensor on opposite sides face；
The light that the light source issues forms detection light after the optical grating diffraction, carries out in the optical waveguide complete
It is received after reflection by the imaging sensor, the one side for the optical waveguide that the detection light reaches or opposite sides face are formed
Multiple detection zones, the detection zone contact acquisition finger print information by finger.
When any surface that the detection zone is optical waveguide is in the region of periodic distribution, then optical grating diffraction angle θ meets
Following formula:
tanθ≥L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is light
The thickness of waveguide.
When the whole face region that the detection zone is optical waveguide any surface, then single side grating diffraction angle meets following public
Formula:
Tan θ=L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is light
The thickness of waveguide；
When the whole face region on the two sides that the detection zone is optical waveguide, then two-sided grating diffraction angle meets following public
Formula:
Tan θ=L/d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is light
The thickness of waveguide.
The width of the imaging sensor is at least equal to the width of single detection zone, and the raster width is at least etc.
In the width of single detection zone, the imaging sensor is located at optical waveguide either internally or externally.
The imaging sensor is two-dimensional array, is arranged in two adjacent two sides of the optical waveguide.
The grating orientation is perpendicular to optical waveguide and is either favoured with the direction opposite with detection optical propagation direction
Optical waveguide.
When the detection zone be whole face when, imaging sensor at least equal to detection faces width and be placed on optical waveguide
One side on or width, position correspond respectively to the sensor of search coverage of two gratings formation and be located at optical waveguide two sides
Staggered relatively, two sides grating overall width should be at least equal to detection faces width.
The fingerprint recognition system is used for while realizing touch function, and the imaging sensor is two-dimentional battle array at this time
Column, are arranged on two adjacent edges of optical waveguide, realize fingerprint recognition while realizing touch-control.
Grating outside optical waveguide is to be distributed in the partial region of optical waveguide side, or is distributed in entire whole
Region, or it is distributed in the partial region on optical waveguide two sides.
The grating is made of that metal grating by transparent perhaps opaque material includes single layer or multiple layer metal, or
Person is to cover metal layer in grating surface；The screen periods satisfaction makes the image received not under certain lambda1-wavelength
Aliasing occurs.
The light source can be monochromatic LED light source but be not limited to monochrome；
The optical grating construction is made of transparent or metal material, period restrictions.
The optical grating construction can be vertical grating either skew ray grid relative to incident light.
It is single or gradual change that the refractive index of the optical waveguide material, which can be,.
In certain wavelength incident light situation, the period of single side grating (i.e. grating be located at optical waveguide one side), which meets, to exist
In the case that optical waveguide thickness, refractive index are certain, periodically inspection is formed on the separate or two sides by close to sources of optical waveguide
Region is surveyed, is used for finger print information.Further, form that periodic detection zone adjoins each other, search coverage is complementary to one another and covers
Cover the detection light of entire optical guide plane.
In certain wavelength incident light situation, spread out through two-sided grating (i.e. grating is located at the two sides of optical waveguide simultaneously)
After penetrating, the region that is periodically detected that the detection light of formation is formed on the two sides of optical waveguide is complementary to one another, and therefore, is constituted
Entire optical guide plane can acquire fingerprint up and down.
The present invention can be realized simultaneously touch function, and imaging sensor is two-dimensional array at this time, be arranged in the two of optical waveguide
On a adjacent edge, fingerprint recognition is realized while realizing touch-control.
Grating in optical waveguide is distributed in the partial region of optical waveguide side, or is distributed in entire whole areas
Domain.It is also possible to be distributed in the partial region on optical waveguide two sides.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention is by the use of grating and fiber waveguide device, it can be achieved that accurately light path control, effectively increases fingerprint and adopt
The picture quality of collection obtains biggish Image Acquisition area under same volume, effectively promotes the picture quality of fingerprint collecting, and can
It realizes contactless acquisition, while substantially reducing the volume of fingerprint acquisition device, so that the device is built-in in mobile phone, plate electricity
The mobile terminals such as brain, and it is low in cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for assisting illustrating mathematical relationship the present invention is based on the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system of grating.
Fig. 2 is that screen periods are 360nm, wavelength 550nm, 0 grade of transmission when incident light is incident on grating with -90 to 90 degree
Light and ± 1 grade of diffraction light transmission efficiencies figure.
It is 360nm that Fig. 3, which is screen periods, wavelength 550nm, incident light with 0 grade of transmitted light when -90 to 90 degree incidence with ±
Efficiency of transmission figure of 1 grade of diffraction light by grating evolution waveguide.
Fig. 4 is a kind of technology planar structure schematic diagram of existing fingerprint recognition system based on light wave conduction.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system first embodiment the present invention is based on grating.
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and wherein Figure 10 (a) is the flat of sixth embodiment
Face, Figure 10 (b) are the three dimensional structure diagrams of sixth embodiment.
Figure 11 is planar structure schematic diagram of the present invention for the embodiment of touch-control.
Figure 12 is the planar structure schematic diagram for the embodiment that the present invention is combined with optical touch control panel.
Figure 13 is the schematic top plan view that this is used for touch-control embodiment.
In figure: 101- light source, 102- optical waveguide structure, 103- imaging sensor.201- grating, 202- optical waveguide, 203-
Light source, 204- imaging sensor, 205- detection zone.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing to the present invention, but protection model of the invention should not be limited with this
It encloses.
A kind of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction, including grating 201, by the incident light from light source
It is converted into the light for fingerprint detection that can be propagated in optical waveguide；Optical waveguide 202, the light from light source can after optical grating diffraction
Total reflection propagation is carried out wherein；Detection zone 205, the region of finger contact acquisition fingerprint；Light source 203, provides fingerprint collecting
It uses up；Imaging sensor 204, the light from light source enter imaging sensor realization fingerprint imaging after handling digital reflex.
According to optical grating diffraction equation T (n1sinθ±n2Sini)=k λ k=0, ± 1, ± 2..... (1)
Wherein, T is screen periods, n1For refractive index in waveguide, n2For incident medium refractive index, k is diffraction progression, and θ is to spread out
Firing angle, i are incidence angle, and λ is incident wavelength, and d is optical waveguide thickness ,+indicate transmission diffraction ,-it is reflection diffraction.The Patent
Take for transmission diffraction situation+number, thus for+1 grade of diffraction, the angle of diffraction meets
By (2) formula it is found that the biggish angle of diffraction and coupling efficiency can be obtained by control screen periods and incidence angle.
Refering to fig. 1, the detectable peak width of detection light is L, and fingerprint detection peak width is m.To make finger print information can
All acquisitions, should meet:
L≥m (3)
To prevent angle of diffraction is too small from causing to still remain in detection zone after the detection light total reflection for detecting fingerprint is primary
Imaging aliasing is caused, should be met:
tanθ≥L/2d (4)
The lesser situation of the angle of diffraction can be used to realize touch-control, at this time in one side of the optical waveguide far from light source, detection light hair
The region reached after raw total reflection is primary can still carry out fingerprint collecting, thus detection zone can be periodic distribution, period t
Meet:
T=2dtan θ (5).
Can be by preparing grating in optical waveguide two sides, the search coverage for forming two gratings is complementary to one another, and is realized entire
Face can acquire fingerprint, inquire into mathematical relationship therein by taking two sides grating is isometric as an example below, but should not limit this patent with this
Protection scope, two sides Length discrepancy also may be implemented.Refering to Fig. 7, meet at this time:
Tan θ=L/d (6)
Can be by preparing grating in the side of optical waveguide, and the angle of diffraction is met:
Tan θ=L/2d (7)
The detectable area that unilateral grating is formed at this time is complementary to one another and does not occur aliasing, realizes that entire surface can acquire
Fingerprint.
Being known by (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) formula can be existed by control screen periods T, incident wavelength λ and incidence angle i
Thinner thickness is obtained under conditions of satisfactory, and realizes that localization, periodic regions can acquire fingerprint and whole face acquisition refers to
Line and touch-control.
Fig. 2 is that screen periods are 360nm, and 550nm incident light is imitated with the diffraction of 0 and ± 1 grade of acquisition when all angles incidence
Rate, it can be seen that efficiency is up to 20% or more when 20 degree of angles.
Fig. 3 is under square one, and 0 grade and ± 1 grade of diffraction light transmit the efficiency of optical waveguide, has phase known to compared with Fig. 2
When most of light forms detection light in optical waveguide.
Fig. 4 is a kind of technology planar structure schematic diagram of existing fingerprint recognition system based on light wave conduction.It can see
Out, the light that the received finger diffusing reflection of imaging sensor generates, thus image quality is poor, and is integrally difficult to lightening.
Referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of optical fingerprint identification system of the present invention, including grating
201, optical waveguide 202, light source 203, imaging sensor 204 and fingerprint detection region 205.The grating 201 is located at optical waveguide
By the side partial region of close to sources, i.e., on the left end one side of the optical waveguide 202, the imaging sensor 204 divides
Cloth is on the right end one side of the optical waveguide (202).Fingerprint detection region 205 refers to light source after grating (201) diffraction in light
The region of waveguide is totally reflected in waveguide, which should be the region being distributed outside optical waveguide with period distances, period
For 2dtan θ.
When work, finger is placed on detection zone 205, issues light, light in the present embodiment positioned at the light source 203 of waveguide external
Source is monochrome, and the light that light source issues is allowed to be coupled to the detection light that fingerprint is formed in optical waveguide 202 by grating 201 through diffraction.Light
After the detection light formed in waveguide 202 reaches detection zone, the ridge (raised part) of finger print can be direct with detection zone
Contact failure total reflection structure leads to optical energy loss, and paddy (recessed part) is because not in contact with to free of losses, detection light is finally arrived
Up to imaging sensor 204, imaging sensor 204 receives detection light, and judges ridge and paddy according to receiving area luminous energy power, through scheming
As generating clearly fingerprint image after processing, fingerprint recognition is realized.
It is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention refering to Fig. 6, Fig. 6, the embodiment is similar with first embodiment, different
Place is: grating 201 is located in one side of the optical waveguide 202 far from light source 203.
It is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention refering to Fig. 7, Fig. 7.There are same widths with optical waveguide two sides below
It is illustrated for grating, but the protection scope of this patent should not be limited with this, the case where two sides grating Length discrepancy is also can be with
It realizes.
Optical waveguide far from and by the two sides of close to sources all have identical 201 structure of grating, 201 period of grating and diffraction
Angle and duct thickness meet tan θ=L/d, and imaging sensor 204 is located at 202 two sides of optical waveguide appropriate area staggered relatively.Work
When making, the incident light that light source 203 issues reaches close grating 201 and diffraction formation detection light occurs, and the two of optical waveguide 202
The periodic regions of detectable fingerprint, i.e. detection zone are formed on a face, transmit the close grating 201 light reach compared with
Primary event diffraction occurs again and forms detection light for remote grating 201, forms the detection zone to complement each other with aforementioned detection zone,
To realize, detectable fingerprint, opposite imaging sensor 204 carry out image after receiving image in 202 entire surface of optical waveguide
It can get fingerprint image after processing and splicing, realize that whole face can carry out fingerprint recognition.
It is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment and first embodiment refering to Fig. 8, Fig. 8
It is similar, the difference is that: 201 period of grating and the angle of diffraction and and the relationship of duct thickness meet tan θ=L/2d, it is single at this time
The detectable finger-print region realization that sidelight grid 201 are formed is complementary to one another, and can carry out fingerprint identification region covering entire surface, and image passes
204 placement position of sensor is similar with 3rd embodiment.Realize that whole face can carry out fingerprint recognition.
It is the planar structure schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment and fourth embodiment refering to Fig. 9, Fig. 9
It is very similar, the difference is that: grating 201 is located at opposing face, that is, optical waveguide 202 of a upper embodiment far from the one side of light source.
The detectable finger-print region realization that unilateral grating 201 is formed at this time is complementary to one another, and it is entire can to carry out fingerprint identification region covering
Face realizes that whole face can carry out fingerprint recognition.
0 (a) and Figure 10 (b) is the plane and three dimensional structure diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the implementation refering to fig. 1
Example is similar with first embodiment, the difference is that:
Light source 203 is area source, is located at all areas below optical waveguide.Grating 201 is located at optical waveguide by close to sources side
Entire surface region.The light of light source will reach the coupled formation of grating 201 detection light in entire surface and enter in optical waveguide 202.Detection
Region 205 is located at the whole region of one side of the optical waveguide far from light source 203, after detection light reaches the acquisition fingerprint of detection zone 205
It is imaged again by imaging sensor 204, realizes that finger can print in entire surface region.
Refering to fig. 11, it is the planar structure schematic diagram of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment and sixth embodiment class
Seemingly, the difference is that:
Grating 201 is located at the whole region of one side of the optical waveguide far from light source 203.When work, the light that area source issues hangs down
Finger is reached by grating 201 after reaching optical waveguide 202, digital reflex is handled and returns to grating 201, then passes through 201 coupling of grating
Meet total reflection condition after conjunction to propagate in optical waveguide 202 in last arrival imaging sensor, since the ridge of fingerprint can reflected light
Line, paddy can absorb light, thus reach that light intensity in imaging sensor 204 is big to be can recognize as peak, it is weak be identified as paddy (with it is aforementioned
Image-forming principle is opposite) to realize fingerprint extraction and identification.And contact may be implemented (finger to soar aloft in inspection with non-contacting
Survey on region) finger print identification.
Refering to fig. 12, it is the planar structure schematic diagram for the embodiment that the present invention is combined with optical touch control panel.The implementation
Example is similar with first embodiment, and difference is:
Imaging sensor 204 is CMOS or ccd image sensor discrete photosensor arrays either small in size,
And the correspondence two sides of entire surface both direction are distributed in, for realizing that photoelectric conversion obtains electric signal.It is deposited in the structure of diagram
In the both direction in plane.
3. be this schematic top plan view for being used for touch-control embodiment refering to fig. 1.
When work, the angle of diffraction that the light that light source 203 issues obtains wide-angle after grating 201 forms detection light, finger
Touch-control is used on face of the optical waveguide 202 far from light source side, detection light, which destroys total reflection when reaching finger position, to lead to light
Can evolution, corresponding imaging sensor 204 according to detect light intensity it is weaker would know that finger on this bar line, another direction
Imaging sensor 204 signal equally can be obtained, the signal of the imaging sensor 204 of both direction carried out finger can be obtained exist
Touch-control is realized in position on face.
Experiment shows the present invention using grating diffration, and the light of light source reaches hand after forming detection light after optical grating diffraction
Refer to fingerprint detection region, it is different to the detection influence of light from paddy according to the ridge of fingerprint, it is transferred to imaging sensor, is obtained clearly
Fingerprint image.The effect for increasing the angle of diffraction by grating, effectively reduces the volume of fingerprint recognition system, realizes and determine area
Domain, periodic regions fingerprint collecting and whole face fingerprint collecting and touch-control, realize the ultrathin of system, and significantly improve into image quality
Amount, and it is low in cost.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating, which is characterized in that including optical waveguide (202), be located at the light
The external light source (203) of waveguide (202), the one side for being located at the optical waveguide (202) or the grating on opposite sides face
(201) and imaging sensor (204)；The light that the light source issues forms detection light after the optical grating diffraction, described
Optical waveguide (202) in be totally reflected after received by the imaging sensor (204), the light wave that the detection light reaches
The one side or opposite sides face for leading (202) form multiple detection zones (205), which is contacted by finger
Acquire finger print information；
When any surface that the detection zone (205) is optical waveguide (202) is in the region of periodic distribution, then optical grating diffraction angle
θ meets following formula:
tanθ≥L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is optical waveguide
Thickness；When the whole face region that the detection zone (205) is optical waveguide (202) any surface, then single side grating diffraction angle
Meet following formula:
Tan θ=L/2d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is optical waveguide
Thickness；When the whole face region on the two sides that the detection zone (205) is optical waveguide (202), then two-sided grating diffraction angle is full
The following formula of foot:
Tan θ=L/d
L≥m
In formula: L is the single area width for detecting the one side that light reaches optical waveguide, and m is detection zone width, and d is optical waveguide
Thickness；
Width of the width at least equal to single detection zone (205) of the imaging sensor (204), the grating
(201) for width at least equal to the width of single detection zone (205), it is internal that the imaging sensor is located at optical waveguide (202)
Or it is external；
Described grating (201) direction is perpendicular to optical waveguide (202) either with the direction opposite with detection optical propagation direction
Favour optical waveguide (202)；
When the detection zone (205) be whole face when, imaging sensor (204) at least equal to detection faces width and be placed on
In the one side of optical waveguide or width, position correspond respectively to the sensor of search coverage of two gratings (201) formation and are located at
Optical waveguide (202) two sides is staggered relatively, and two sides grating (201) overall width should be at least equal to detection faces width.
2. the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fingerprint is known
Other system is used for while realizing touch function, and the imaging sensor (204) is two-dimensional array at this time, is arranged in optical waveguide
On two adjacent edges, fingerprint recognition is realized while realizing touch-control.
3. the light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on grating as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that be located at outside optical waveguide
The grating in portion is perhaps distributed in entire whole region or is distributed in light wave to be distributed in the partial region of optical waveguide side
Lead the partial region on two sides.
4. such as the described in any item light wave conduction fingerprint recognition systems based on grating of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described
Grating (201) be made of that metal grating by transparent perhaps opaque material includes single layer or multiple layer metal, or in light
Grid surface covers metal layer；Grating (201) period, which meets, sends out the image received not
Raw aliasing.
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| CN201510096644.XA CN104751121B (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | Light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction |
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| CN201510096644.XA CN104751121B (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | Light wave conduction fingerprint recognition system based on optical grating construction |
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