CN104672202A - 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 - Google Patents
作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104672202A CN104672202A CN201510019522.0A CN201510019522A CN104672202A CN 104672202 A CN104672202 A CN 104672202A CN 201510019522 A CN201510019522 A CN 201510019522A CN 104672202 A CN104672202 A CN 104672202A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- cells
- disease
- bone
- wnt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 title description 3
- 102000016362 Catenins Human genes 0.000 title description 2
- 108010067316 Catenins Proteins 0.000 title description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 208000024963 hair loss Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003779 hair growth Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004927 skin cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 73
- 102000015735 Beta-catenin Human genes 0.000 abstract description 70
- 108060000903 Beta-catenin Proteins 0.000 abstract description 70
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 59
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 59
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 56
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- 208000020084 Bone disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 21
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 abstract description 21
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 20
- 208000007014 Retinitis pigmentosa Diseases 0.000 abstract description 16
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 12
- 208000030533 eye disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 12
- 206010064930 age-related macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000002780 macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 206010012688 Diabetic retinal oedema Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 201000011190 diabetic macular edema Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000020925 Bipolar disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010031243 Osteogenesis imperfecta Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 206010033103 otosclerosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000028169 periodontal disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002476 tumorcidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 206010074180 Craniofacial deformity Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010057178 Osteoarthropathies Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000011132 hemopoiesis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 103
- 108050003627 Wnt Proteins 0.000 description 92
- 102000013814 Wnt Human genes 0.000 description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 87
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- -1 formula I Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 21
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 21
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 19
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 18
- 125000004452 carbocyclyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 18
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 208000022559 Inflammatory bowel disease Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 231100000360 alopecia Toxicity 0.000 description 15
- 210000003780 hair follicle Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 13
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 206010065687 Bone loss Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108010016283 TCF Transcription Factors Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000000479 TCF Transcription Factors Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 7
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 7
- 206010068168 androgenetic alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- NVKAWKQGWWIWPM-ABEVXSGRSA-N 17-β-hydroxy-5-α-Androstan-3-one Chemical compound C1C(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@H]21 NVKAWKQGWWIWPM-ABEVXSGRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010064147 Gastrointestinal inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 101001043594 Homo sapiens Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005213 alkyl heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 210000004919 hair shaft Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000002997 osteoclast Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000008122 Casein Kinase I Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010049812 Casein Kinase I Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101710177752 GSK-3-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100021926 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical class C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960003473 androstanolone Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000034756 hair follicle development Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 5
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic acid Substances OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HGVWMTAIIYNQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)ethanone Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C21 HGVWMTAIIYNQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000011240 Frontotemporal dementia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 4
- 102100034201 Sclerostin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 4
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethane Chemical compound CCBr RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NOSOEJSZWOKISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound O=[C]CC[C]=O NOSOEJSZWOKISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002901 mesenchymal stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000003716 mesoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000001178 neural stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000000515 tooth Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000013455 Amyloid beta-Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010090849 Amyloid beta-Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000007350 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010007726 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000052052 Casein Kinase II Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010010919 Casein Kinase II Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000032170 Congenital Abnormalities Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010012689 Diabetic retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100030074 Dickkopf-related protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710099518 Dickkopf-related protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100031968 Ephrin type-B receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000028506 Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathies Diseases 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000007882 Gastritis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000019058 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010051975 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010020850 Hyperthyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 3
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Dopa Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010025421 Macule Diseases 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000029725 Metabolic bone disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Minoxidil Chemical compound NC1=[N+]([O-])C(N)=CC(N2CCCCC2)=N1 ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000713333 Mouse mammary tumor virus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000005156 Müller Glia Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000008221 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010021188 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004504 adult stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000004631 alopecia areata Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 102000000472 beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010080842 beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940112869 bone morphogenetic protein Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003778 catagen phase Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000003161 choroid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010009887 colitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000006902 exudative vitreoretinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000004700 fetal blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- DBEPLOCGEIEOCV-WSBQPABSSA-N finasteride Chemical compound N([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 DBEPLOCGEIEOCV-WSBQPABSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004039 finasteride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003661 hair follicle regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003659 hair regrowth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003632 minoxidil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000005155 neural progenitor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004766 neurogenesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001778 pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000583 progesterone congener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001164 retinal progenitor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004393 visual impairment Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 3
- DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-estrone Natural products OC1=CC=C2C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)=O)C4C3CCC2=C1 DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBLNHHSDYFYZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-naphthyl)methanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CO)=CC=CC2=C1 PBLNHHSDYFYZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SWBPCFCJSA-N (8r,9s,13s,14s,17s)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SWBPCFCJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULRRNLQFGOXAHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CC(C(=O)CCN(C)C)=CC=C21 ULRRNLQFGOXAHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSIUJPYPSRBFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)CCC(=O)C=2C=C3OCCOC3=CC=2)=C1 QSIUJPYPSRBFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940123153 15 Lipoxygenase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AJKVQEKCUACUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetylpyridine Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AJKVQEKCUACUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMOSZSHTSOWPRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(Br)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QMOSZSHTSOWPRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INTNEELQXPKMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O INTNEELQXPKMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005541 ACE inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002679 Alveolar Bone Loss Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 102100030988 Angiotensin-converting enzyme Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003805 Autism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020706 Autistic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000412 Avitaminosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 CC*C*[C@@](C)([C@](C(C)=CCC)(C(C)=C1CCCC1)C(C(CC)=CC)=C)C(CC*(C)*)=C1C2[C@]1CCC2 Chemical compound CC*C*[C@@](C)([C@](C(C)=CCC)(C(C)=C1CCCC1)C(C(CC)=CC)=C)C(CC*(C)*)=C1C2[C@]1CCC2 0.000 description 2
- PBFHCNBIJXCPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCN1C(C)=C(CCO)SC1.Br Chemical compound CCN1C(C)=C(CCO)SC1.Br PBFHCNBIJXCPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100032912 CD44 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000055006 Calcitonin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060001064 Calcitonin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000013725 Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000003044 Closed Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopropane Chemical compound C1CC1 LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010055334 EphB2 Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 2
- DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-CBZIJGRNSA-N Estrone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-CBZIJGRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SLHNCBLASA-N Ethinyl estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SLHNCBLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710181403 Frizzled Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005698 Frizzled receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010045438 Frizzled receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000045 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003688 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000002254 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010014905 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101000868273 Homo sapiens CD44 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000711796 Homo sapiens Sclerostin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000002980 Hyperparathyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150032862 LEF-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004058 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000581 Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710172064 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010025476 Malabsorption Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000004155 Malabsorption Syndromes Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000772415 Neovison vison Species 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Oc1ccccc1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000002565 Open Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000010191 Osteitis Deformans Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000008108 Osteoprotegerin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035042 Osteoprotegerin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010011536 PTEN Phosphohydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000014160 PTEN Phosphohydrolase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000027868 Paget disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 102000003982 Parathyroid hormone Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000445 Parathyroid hormone Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003728 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000029 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000430 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003993 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010038512 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010780 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032319 Primary lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004245 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000708 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100247004 Rattus norvegicus Qsox1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010057430 Retinal injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108050006698 Sclerostin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100030053 Secreted frizzled-related protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000009415 Spinocerebellar Ataxias Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010045178 Tunnel vision Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010046298 Upper motor neurone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010047627 Vitamin deficiencies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010020277 WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000038016 acute inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006022 acute inflammation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 210000001789 adipocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940044094 angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001264 anterior cruciate ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000029560 autism spectrum disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004663 bisphosphonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006931 brain damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000874 brain damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N calcitonin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1 BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004015 calcitonin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011712 cell development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000012292 cell migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008614 cellular interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000001612 chondrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000037976 chronic inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006020 chronic inflammation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylamine hydrochloride Natural products CNC(C)C XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADEBPBSSDYVVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N donepezil Chemical compound O=C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CC1CC(CC1)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADEBPBSSDYVVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002782 epithelial mesenchymal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000267 erythroid cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960003399 estrone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000031774 hair cycle Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012835 hanging drop method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002008 hemorrhagic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 208000003532 hypothyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002989 hypothyroidism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000004966 intestinal stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000010901 lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000018769 loss of vision Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000864 loss of vision Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000027202 mammary Paget disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005937 nuclear translocation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000019180 nutritional disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XXUPLYBCNPLTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-7-ynoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC#CCCCCCC(O)=O XXUPLYBCNPLTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003076 paracrine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000199 parathyroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001319 parathyroid hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004976 peripheral blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002967 posterior cruciate ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000001685 postmenopausal osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000008752 progressive muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000007914 proliferative diabetic retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000006409 renal osteodystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001116 retinal neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003583 retinal pigment epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000022610 schizoaffective disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002320 spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000009032 substance abuse Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000736 substance abuse Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006379 syphilis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003556 vascular endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQQUSYWGKLRJRA-RABCQHRBSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s,3s)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O XQQUSYWGKLRJRA-RABCQHRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUHRVZXFBWDCFB-QRTDKPMLSA-N (3R)-4-[[(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18R,21R,24R,27R,28R)-12-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-6-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-18-(hydroxymethyl)-28-methyl-9,15,21,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxo-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octazacyclooctacos-27-yl]amino]-3-[[(2R)-2-[[(3S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC[C@H](O)CC(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)CC XUHRVZXFBWDCFB-QRTDKPMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICLYJLBTOGPLMC-KVVVOXFISA-N (z)-octadec-9-enoate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ICLYJLBTOGPLMC-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPIOYCHXNYDOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2,2-diethyl-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCCOC2=CC=1C(=O)C(CC)(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PPIOYCHXNYDOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZOPZMWPUTMBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-thiophen-2-ylpropane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCCOC2=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 PMZOPZMWPUTMBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOGPBTJSTDZKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 JOGPBTJSTDZKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPUUSAALUMVXLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 GPUUSAALUMVXLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFEBKGNLLLNMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 ZFEBKGNLLLNMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WARMPMJXBDWXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 WARMPMJXBDWXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGBPUXCFYFCDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-[4-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)phenyl]butane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(OCOCCOC)=CC=C1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 QGBPUXCFYFCDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOCDRSSVFUCURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-phenylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCCOC2=CC=1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AOCDRSSVFUCURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBCGEJVWBLNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-pyridin-2-ylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCCOC2=CC=1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 DMBCGEJVWBLNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRDEWAZYCCZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4-thiophen-2-ylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCCOC2=CC=1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 MXRDEWAZYCCZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PURWGZHNRPNILW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-2-yl-4-thiophen-2-ylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=O)CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 PURWGZHNRPNILW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-IOUUIBBYSA-N 11-cis-retinal Chemical compound O=C/C=C(\C)/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-IOUUIBBYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NERCXRIPSMWHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NERCXRIPSMWHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXVSAYBZSGIURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxy-4h-1,3,2$l^{5}-benzodioxaphosphinine 2-oxide Chemical compound O1CC2=CC=CC=C2OP1(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BXVSAYBZSGIURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSZKLTJTSQMAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propanal Chemical compound CN(C)CCC=O GSZKLTJTSQMAOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKTORXLUQLQJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phosphonobutylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCCP(O)(O)=O JKTORXLUQLQJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113178 5 Alpha reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002677 5-alpha reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700001666 APC Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940100578 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000009304 Acute Kidney Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026872 Addison Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001450 Alpha-Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031295 Animal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002556 Ankylosing Spondylitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000002198 Annona diversifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000000103 Anorexia Nervosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011708 Avulsion fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006386 Bone Resorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1Oc(cccc2)c2O1 Chemical compound C1Oc(cccc2)c2O1 FTNJQNQLEGKTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLVHAGWVURIQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1Oc2ccccc2[O]=C1 Chemical compound C1Oc2ccccc2[O]=C1 PLVHAGWVURIQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010007134 Candida infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010008609 Cholangitis sclerosing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003512 Claisen condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000251464 Coelacanthiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024779 Comminuted Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004468 Craniofacial Abnormalities Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025621 Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000052510 DNA-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700020911 DNA-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000017701 Endocrine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710114534 Ephrin type-B receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epihygromycin Natural products OC1C(O)C(C(=O)C)OC1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C2OCOC2C1O YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053962 Epiphyseal fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001125671 Eretmochelys imbricata Species 0.000 description 1
- 108050001049 Extracellular proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000331 Firefly luciferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004262 Food Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000038624 GSKs Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007911 GSKs Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005577 Gastroenteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017969 Gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017189 Gastrointestinal inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol-phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(O)CO XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282575 Gorilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010018691 Granuloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000590002 Helicobacter pylori Species 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000857 Hepatic Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010020382 Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037147 Hypercalcaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058359 Hypogonadism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021067 Hypopituitarism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062016 Immunosuppression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032578 Inherited retinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002658 Intra-Articular Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282838 Lama Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003263 MASS syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001344 Macular Edema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025415 Macular oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010090054 Membrane Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012750 Membrane Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000011779 Menyanthes trifoliata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008821 Menyanthes trifoliata Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007474 Multiprotein Complexes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085220 Multiprotein Complexes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000014415 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003473 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000010428 Muscle Weakness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028289 Muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028372 Muscular weakness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038895 Myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710135898 Myc proto-oncogene protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010358 Myositis Ossificans Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029350 Neurotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001140 Night Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000007027 Oral Candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010031264 Osteonecrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010049088 Osteopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008558 Osteophyte Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001164 Osteoporotic Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091007960 PI3Ks Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000023984 PPAR alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122985 Peptide agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108090000882 Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283216 Phocidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007913 Pituitary Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002500 Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007327 Protamines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007568 Protamines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033626 Renal failure acute Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010063837 Reperfusion injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017442 Retinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032430 Retinal dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038923 Retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100040756 Rhodopsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000820 Rhodopsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011579 SCID mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010039984 Senile osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061363 Skeletal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007296 Stetter synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000491 Tendinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043255 Tendonitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100024547 Tensin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088950 Tensins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009843 Thyroglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010034949 Thyroglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010044221 Toxic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710150448 Transcriptional regulator Myc Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006612 Transducin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010087042 Transducin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005475 Vascular calcification Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000044880 Wnt3A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700013515 Wnt3A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003070 absorption delaying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011040 acute kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012998 acute renal failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005257 alkyl acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001347 alkyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001195 anabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003098 androgen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030486 androgens Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000022531 anorexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003598 anti-microsomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125681 anticonvulsant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039856 aricept Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007080 aromatic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002567 autonomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036621 balding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- NYENCOMLZDQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)bismuthanyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F NYENCOMLZDQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002449 bone cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024279 bone resorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000003984 candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021164 cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000453 cell autonomous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000022605 chemotherapy-induced alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 208000006990 cholangiocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000544 cholinesterase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002849 chondrocalcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019902 chronic diarrheal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000016532 chronic granulomatous disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025302 chronic primary adrenal insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001886 ciliary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029664 classic familial adenomatous polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006999 cognitive decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001100 crypt cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000004921 cutaneous lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclandelate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004292 cytoskeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004300 dark adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061428 decreased appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032459 dedifferentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005786 degenerative changes Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001947 dentate gyrus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000006549 dyspepsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007350 electrophilic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002124 endocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012202 endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010227 enterocolitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001973 epigenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001667 episodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003890 fistula Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000020932 food allergy Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 201000006321 fundus dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005017 genetic modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013617 genetically modified food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000003617 glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003781 hair follicle cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023643 hair follicle morphogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009067 heart development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037467 helicobacter pylori Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008039 hormone receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002657 hormone replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000148 hypercalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030915 hypercalcemia disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031424 hyperprolactinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008076 immune mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004968 inflammatory condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037456 inflammatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000017532 inherited retinal dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108010088381 isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003140 lateral ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011486 lichen planus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004446 longitudinal ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004777 loss-of-function mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005004 lymphoid follicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010230 macular retinal edema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000386 magnesium trisilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099273 magnesium trisilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019793 magnesium trisilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEVSIKNIWJEAAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;diethylazanide;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCN([Mg+])CC HEVSIKNIWJEAAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005171 mammalian brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001595 mastoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009245 menopause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009456 molecular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003007 myelin sheath Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010028537 myelofibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008271 nervous system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002682 neurofibrillary tangle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009689 neuronal regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004090 neuroprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000189 neurotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002887 neurotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000228 neurotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007135 neurotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007344 nucleophilic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000030212 nutrition disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009806 oophorectomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005305 organ development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008972 osteitis fibrosa Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001582 osteoblastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010258 osteoblastogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004409 osteocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002188 osteogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000010 osteolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001711 oxyntic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005043 peripheral vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008725 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000000608 photoreceptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113116 polyethylene glycol 1000 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000015768 polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010036601 premature menopause Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017942 premature ovarian failure 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003658 preventing hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000003476 primary myelofibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008679 protamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000541 pulsatile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004492 retinoid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001177 retroviral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007442 rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000513 rotator cuff Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000000306 sarcoidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010157 sclerosing cholangitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039722 scoliosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001732 sebaceous gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002491 severe combined immunodeficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003772 severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009131 signaling function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 101150062190 sod1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001988 somatic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000023895 stem cell maintenance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005420 sulfonamido group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)(N*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000004415 tendinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002175 thyroglobulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030968 tissue homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025934 tissue morphogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940117013 triethanolamine oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPCXAARSWVHVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCCN(CCO)CCO UPCXAARSWVHVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029257 vision disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121396 wnt pathway inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;ethane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D319/10—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes
- C07D319/14—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D319/16—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D319/18—Ethylenedioxybenzenes, not substituted on the hetero ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4436—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/357—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having two or more oxygen atoms in the same ring, e.g. crown ethers, guanadrel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/381—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4433—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/16—Otologicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/06—Antianaemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/782—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic
- C07C49/784—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with all keto groups bound to a non-condensed ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/46—Oxygen atoms
- C07D213/50—Ketonic radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D319/10—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes
- C07D319/14—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D319/16—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了激活Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导并且因而治疗或防止与信号转导相关疾病的β-二酮、γ-二酮或γ-羟基酮或其类似物,所述疾病例如骨质疏松和骨关节病;成骨不全、骨质缺损、骨折、牙周疾病、耳硬化症、伤口愈合、颅面畸形、溶瘤骨疾病、与中枢神经系统分化和发育相关的创伤性脑损伤,包含帕金森病、中风、缺血性脑血管病、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、双相障碍、精神分裂症;眼病如衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿或视网膜色素变性和干细胞分化及生成相关的疾病,包含脱发,造血相关疾病和组织再生相关疾病。
Description
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2011/048086,国际申请日为2011年8月17日,进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201180050153.1,名称为“作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求2010年8月18日提交的美国临时申请号61/374,687和2010年12月29日提交的美国临时申请号61/427,974的权益,其通过引用全文纳入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及Wnt途径中一种或多种蛋白的激活剂,包括一种或多种Wnt蛋白的激活剂,以及包含所述激活剂的组合物。更特别地,其涉及使用β-二酮、γ-二酮或γ-羟基酮或其盐或类似物以治疗骨质疏松和骨关节病;成骨不全、骨质缺损、骨折、牙周疾病、耳硬化症、伤口愈合、颅面畸形、溶瘤骨疾病、与中枢神经系统分化和发育相关的创伤性脑损伤,包含帕金森病、中风、缺血性脑血管病、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、双相障碍、精神分裂症;眼病如衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿或视网膜色素变性和干细胞分化及生长相关的疾病,包含脱发,造血相关疾病和组织再生相关疾病。
背景技术
所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路对很多生物过程重要。其调节胚胎形式中尚未发育细胞的命运。所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路对干细胞自我更新和增殖以及成年生物体中干细胞的发育(如皮肤细胞、骨细胞、肝细胞等)重要[Science(2002),296(5573),1644–1646]。所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路调节发育、形态、增殖、运动和细胞命运[Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology(2004),20,781-810]。所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路对肿瘤发生起关键作用,并且在数种人癌症中观察到这个系统的不当激活[“Wnt Signaling in Human Cancer(人癌症中的Wnt信号转导)”,Signal Transduction in Cancer(第169-187页)(2006)施普林格公司(Springer)]。在人中,Wnt/β-联蛋白首次描述为与E-钙粘着蛋白胞质结构域和Wnt/β-联蛋白相互作用的蛋白,使钙粘着蛋白复合物锚定在肌动蛋白细胞骨架上[Science(1991),254(5036),1359-1361]。然后,发现了哺乳动物Wnt/β-联蛋白的其他作用;即是作为Wnt/β-联蛋白传递信号的关键调节剂。
Wnt配体存在时,如果不被分泌的拮抗剂抑制,所述Wnt配体结合卷曲蛋白(frizzled)(Fzd)/低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(LRP)复合物,激活所述胞质蛋白蓬乱蛋白(dishevelled)(果蝇(Drosophila)中的Dsh和脊椎动物中的Dvl)。尚未充分了解Dsh/Dvl如何被精确激活,但是已经提示了酪蛋白激酶1(CK1)和酪蛋白激酶2(CK2)的磷酸化起部分作用[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA(1999),96(22),12548-12552]。然后Dsh/Dvl抑制多蛋白复合物(β-联蛋白-轴蛋白(Axin)-腺瘤性结肠息肉病(APC)-糖原合成酶激酶(GSK)-3β)的活性,其通过磷酸化靶定β-联蛋白以由蛋白酶体降解。提示了Dsh/Dvl结合CK1并且因此抑制β-联蛋白的启动(priming)和间接防止β-联蛋白的GSK-3β磷酸化[Genes&Development(2002),16(9),1066–1076]。Wnt刺激后,Dvl也显示募集GSK-3结合蛋白(GBP)到多蛋白复合物。GBP可以从轴蛋白中滴定GSK-3β,并且以这种方式抑制β-联蛋白的磷酸化。最终,描述了通过LRP把轴蛋白隔离在细胞膜上[Molecular cell(2001),7(4),801-809]。所述整体结果是细胞质β-联蛋白的积聚。稳定的β-联蛋白然后移位到核中,并且结合到DNA结合蛋白T细胞因子(Tcf)/淋巴增强因子(Lef)家族的成员上,引起Wnt靶标基因的转录。
Wnt配体消失时,轴蛋白募集CK1到多蛋白复合物,造成β-联蛋白的启动(priming)和GSK-3β进行的β-联蛋白磷酸化级联起始。磷酸化的β-联蛋白然后被包含β-转导蛋白重复的蛋白(β-TrCP)识别,和被蛋白酶体降解,降低胞质β-联蛋白的水平。
所述Wnt/β-联蛋白通路的异常活化产生数种表型,包含发展出各种人癌症和造成干细胞异常发育和功能的疾病[Oncogene(2009),28(21),2163–2172;Cancer Cell(2008),14(6),471-484;American Journal of Pathology(2003),162(5),1495-1502]。所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路的慢性活化涉及了各种人恶性肿瘤的发展,包含高骨量综合征、硬化性骨化病、结直肠癌、肝细胞癌(HCC)、卵巢癌、子宫癌、胰腺癌和黑素瘤[BioEssays(1999)21(12),1021–1030;Cell(2000),103(2),311–320;Genes Dev.(2000),14(15),1837–1851]。由于所述Wnt/β-联蛋白通路参与无数种生长和发育的过程,涉及所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导系统的蛋白突变与各种人疾病密切相关,例如发育异常、毛囊形态发生、干细胞分化、骨形成和细胞增殖。
脱发
毛发在称为毛囊的皮肤下面囊状结构中形成。例如在人头皮上发现的可见毛发实际上是发干,发干是从毛囊中生长出的角质化、硬化组织。特别地,所述发干大部分由角质形成细胞生成的角蛋白组成。
正常的毛囊在生长阶段(生长期)、变性阶段(退行期)和休止阶段(静止期(telogen))之间循环。头皮毛发有相对长的生命周期:所述生长期范围为2–6年、所述退行期范围为数天-数周,和所述静止期为约3个月。人身体其他部分发现的更短毛发有相应更短的生长期持续时间。所述毛发和毛囊的形态在毛发生命周期过程中变化显著[Dermatology in General Medicine(卷I),McGraw-Hill,Inc.,1993,第290-91页;Sperling,L.C.;J.Amer.Acad.Dermatology(1991),25(1,第1部分),1-17]。
生长期中,所述毛囊有高代谢活性。所述囊包含囊基底的真皮乳突(papilla);和真皮乳突周围的表皮基质细胞形成所述发干的基底,其通过所述毛管从乳突向上延伸。所述基质细胞是毛发的活性生长部分。
在退行期,所述基质细胞从乳突回缩,并且发生其他变性改变。例如,所述向毛囊提供血液和营养的血管和毛细血管萎缩且停止功能。一组列上皮细胞柱向上推动角质化的近端发干,并且在囊内发生细胞死亡。所述发干然后从头皮或身体其他部分脱落,并且所述毛囊进入静止期:毛发生长循环的休止阶段。
尽管未完全理解毛囊的调节和生长,其代表了组织形态发生中的增殖、分化和细胞相互作用的动态过程。据信毛囊仅在发育早期形成,并且不能被取代。因此,损伤或无功能的毛囊增加一般与脱发有关。
男性型或女性型秃发需要男性或女性激素如雄激素的出现,但是原因未知。在任意男性中脱发的程度很大程度取决于他从他父亲、母亲或双亲中遗传的基因。脱发在鬓角或头顶开始。如果男性型脱发在中青年时期开始,随后的脱发通常相当广泛。男性秃发呈波浪形进行。脱发可以在早期20多岁开始,然后停止,仅在数年后再开始。在年龄20–30岁时,30%的男性有秃斑。这持续增加直到50-60岁,那时50%的男性全部秃发。
脱发的速率受年龄增长、由于遗传基因引起的早期秃发趋势和毛囊内男性激素二氢睾酮(DHT)过多的影响。DHT作用在毛囊内的激素受体上,并且因此减慢毛发生成和生成软弱、更短的毛发。有时DHT生成甚至完全终止了毛发的生长。尽管秃发男性在其毛囊内有高于平均量的DHT,他们通常没有高于平均的循环睾酮水平。
女性型秃发不像男性型秃发这么常见,但是却在增加。其主要限于头顶的头发,并且完全秃发在女性中罕见。
毒性脱发是暂时的,但是通常持续3-4个月,并且经常由传染病造成。例如,发生毒性脱发可能是甲状腺功能减退症、糖尿病、激素问题、维生素缺乏、垂体机能减退症、寄生虫、消化不良、梅毒早期、维生素A或类维生素A过量或其他细胞毒性药物的结果。
斑秃是在划定区域内的突然脱发。其能影响任何多毛发的区域,但是最经常影响头皮和胡须。限制在一些区域内的脱发在数月内甚至没有治疗下也经常可逆转,但是可能复发。斑秃经常在没有明显皮肤疾病或全身性疾病的人中发生,但是在罕见病例中,实验室测试可以显示甲状腺球蛋白的抗微粒体抗体、胃壁细胞和肾上腺细胞。
炎症和组织破坏造成疤痕性秃发。其可能是由于损伤如烧伤、物理伤口或x射线后的破坏。在这些病例中,预期有很少的重新生长。其他病因是皮肤红斑狼疮、扁平苔藓、慢性深度细菌或真菌感染、深度溃疡、结节病、梅毒或结核。头皮肿瘤的缓慢生长是脱发的罕见病因。
这些病症都没有非常充分地理解,各病症是令人痛苦的,因为毛发经常认为是人社会交流和相互交际的重要因素。
已经建议了数种方法以治疗脱发。对防止脱发最常用和可接受的两种化合物是的活性成分米诺地尔,和的活性成分5α-还原酶抑制剂非那雄胺。然而,对有衰老相关脱发的患者用局部米诺地尔或非那雄胺溶液的美容治疗仅在少于40%这种患者中产生适度的毛发重新生长。事实上,使用的男性中小于10%达到了满意的结果。因此,本领域需要更有效的治疗脱发的方法和组合物。优选地,新方法和组合物需要更少使用活性成分;提供比现在用米诺地尔或非那雄胺治疗观察的更迅速、更足量和更厚的毛发重新生长。
也发现了通过所述经典Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路调节毛囊的发育和再生[Investigative Dermatology(2008),128(5),1081–1087]。表皮中,当间充质细胞群聚在皮肤上时,毛囊发育启动。这个过程中,真皮发出的信号诱导上皮变厚,延伸上皮细胞和形成包含Wnt反应细胞的基板。相应地,基板传递信号给真皮细胞以缩聚,因此形成也响应Wnt信号转导的毛囊的真皮乳突组分。Wnt3a从毛发表皮分泌,以自分泌和旁分泌模式起作用,并且显示了Wnt-3a在真皮乳突细胞中维持生长期基因表达和在器官培养中调节毛发诱导型活性。所述Wnt-3a介导的毛发生长可以依赖于所述经典Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路,因为删除β-联蛋白或所述Lef1基因造成小鼠中的脱发。因此,通过Wnt的β-联蛋白激活对抑制角质形成细胞分化、诱导毛囊形成和维持神经元祖细胞增殖有作用。
神经变性疾病
神经元或其髓鞘的退化引起神经变性疾病,所述退化随着时间会造成由此产生的功能障碍和功能丧失。成年哺乳动物脑就再生而言容量有限。这使得任何损伤修复有危险性,并且因此CNS损伤具破坏性。
新的神经元从在所述成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统的两个区域的神经干细胞中生成:侧脑室的脑室下区和海马齿状回的颗粒下层[Current Opinion in Cell Biology(2001),13,666–672]。微环境提供的信号对局部干细胞的维持、增殖和神经元命运定向的调节起作用。很多这些信号和信号转导通路是未知的。
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆病因,所述痴呆逐渐破坏神经元并影响了全世界超过2千4百万人。其最主要在老年人中发生,并且有AD的患者丧失其学习、记忆、做决定、交流和进行日常活动的能力。尚未充分理解AD的病因和进展,但是其与脑中淀粉样β(Aβ)斑和神经纤维缠结有关。
帕金森病(PD)是中枢神经系统的变性疾病,影响了全世界超过6百万人,并且经常损害患者的运动技能和讲话。黑质(substantia nigra)(字面意义"黑色物质")区域内丧失多巴胺分泌细胞造成了帕金森病的症状。这些神经元伸向纹状体,并且其损失造成了调节运动的基底神经节中神经回路活性的改变。
肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)是一种由于运动神经元死亡造成的致死性神经变性疾病。肌肉控制的逐步损失损害了个体独立活动(function)的能力。ALS冲击脑和脊髓中的细胞(运动神经元),所述细胞发送信号使肌肉运动。在一些示例中,所述SOD1基因的突变产生一种功能异常性蛋白即超氧化物歧化酶蛋白(称为SODl),所述蛋白正常"清扫"细胞内的毒性颗粒。当SODl突变时,毒性颗粒聚集在运动神经元内部,造成功能障碍。但是这种突变仅解释了一小部分的ALS病因。影响全世界约350,000成人的ALS首要病因未知。
中风和外伤性脑损伤也能造成神经元损失并且引起认知减退。中风能分成两个主要类别:缺血性和出血性。缺血是由于血液供应的中断,而出血是由于血管的破裂或异常血管结构。如果没有迅速诊断和治疗,中风能造成永久性神经损伤、并发症和死亡。它是美国和欧洲的第三大死因和引起成年人残疾的主要原因。
额颞性痴呆(FTD)占65岁以下人痴呆的18%。其经常自身表现为行为紊乱,且能逐渐损伤个体独立思考和活动的能力。近期研究发现了作用于这种痴呆的基因因子;然而,仍没有治疗来阻断其造成的脑变质。
Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导系统在中枢神经系统的神经细胞分化和发育中起重要作用,提示了Wnt/β-联蛋白和各种中枢神经系统疾病(包含神经变性疾病)发生之间的关系[Nature(2005),437(7063),1370-1375]。特别的,还发现Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导与神经细胞异常造成的疾病相关,所述疾病例如脑损伤、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化(葛雷克氏症)、中风、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、抑郁症、双相障碍和精神分裂症。
阿尔茨海默病是最常见的衰老相关神经变性疾病。实际上,观察到了淀粉样-β肽(Aβ)诱导的神经毒性与β-联蛋白胞质水平降低之间的关系。显然,Aβ结合卷曲蛋白受体(Fz)的胞外富半胱氨酸结构域,抑制Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导。与其他调节Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导的信号级联的交互作用(cross-talk)造成针对Aβ的神经保护,所述其他信号级联包含激活M1毒蕈碱受体和PKC、使用布洛芬-ChE双功能化合物、PPARα、γ激动剂、烟碱和一些抗氧化剂。这些研究指示了Wnt信号转导功能的持续减少可能参与阿尔茨海默病脑中Aβ依赖性神经变性。因此,能建议将所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路的激活作为治疗AD的治疗靶标。
眼病
衰老相关的黄斑变性(AMD)是经常影响老年人的医学病症,由于视网膜损伤造成视野中心的视力丧失(所述黄斑)。其以“干性”和“湿性”形式发生。这是老年人(>50岁)视力损伤的主要原因。所述眼睛内层是包含视觉交流的神经的视网膜,而视网膜后是包含向黄斑提供血液的脉络膜(所述视网膜的中心部分)。在干性(非渗出性)形式中,称为玻璃疣的细胞碎片在所述视网膜和所述脉络膜之间积聚,并且所述视网膜能脱落。在更严重的湿性(渗出性)形式中,血管从视网膜后面的脉络膜生长出,并且所述视网膜也能脱落。其能用激光凝结治疗,以及用终止和有时逆转所述血管生长的药物治疗。
糖尿病性视网膜病是由糖尿病并发症造成的视网膜病(视网膜损伤),最终能造成失明。这是全身性疾病的眼部表现,影响了多至80%的有10年或更长时间糖尿病的患者。随着所述眼睛后部形成新血管作为增殖性糖尿病视网膜病(PDR)的一部分,其能流血(出血)并使视觉模糊。一些人发展出称为黄斑水肿的病症。其在所述损伤血管溢出液体和脂质到所述黄斑(所述能让我们观察仔细的视网膜部分)时发生。随着所述疾病发展,严重的非增性殖糖尿病视网膜病进入高级、或增殖阶段。所述视网膜缺氧造成沿着所述视网膜和在充满眼睛内部的透明、凝胶样玻璃状液中生长的脆性、新血管。没有及时治疗时,这些新血管能流血、使视觉浑浊和破坏视网膜。
视网膜色素变性(RP)是一组遗传性眼睛病症。在RP症状进展中,夜昼症通常先于管状视力(tunnel vision)数年或甚至数十年。很多有RP的人直到40多岁或50多岁才变成法定的盲人,并且终其一生都保留了一些视力[American Journal ofOphthalmology(2003),136(4),678-68]。其他人从RP变成完全失明,在一些病例中早至儿童期。各病例中RP的进展不同。RP是一种进行性视网膜营养不良类型,是一组遗传疾病,其中所述视网膜的感光体(视杆和视锥)或视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)的异常造成视力逐渐丧失。受影响个体首先经历缺陷型暗适应或夜盲症(雀蒙眼),然后是周围视野减少(称为管状视力),并且所述疾病过程晚期有时有中心视力的丧失。
米勒神经胶质细胞(Müller glia)或米勒(Müller)细胞是在脊椎动物视网膜上发现的神经胶质细胞,其通常行使任意正常神经胶质细胞的功能。然而,视网膜损伤后,观察到米勒神经胶质细胞经历去分化成多能祖细胞。在这点上,所述祖细胞能分裂和分化成在损伤期间可能受损的很多视网膜细胞类型,包含感光体。另外,近期发表的研究显示了米勒细胞作为哺乳动物眼睛的聚光器起作用,与光纤板类似,把光流到视杆和视锥细胞上。
多能视网膜祖细胞必需解决两个基本问题。第一,其必需在开始时扩增其数目但是晚期限制其增殖,从而在合适的发育时间生成正确数目的分化细胞。第二,分裂和分化的不同过程必需协调,从而当细胞停止分裂时,能开始分化[Current Opinion inGenetics&Development(1997),7(5),651-658;Nature Reviews Neuroscience(2001),(2),109-118]。Wnt促进多种组织中的细胞增殖[Cell and Tissue Research(2008),331(1),193-210],特别在发育的视网膜中[Stem Cells(2008),26(8),2063-2074;Development(2003),130(3),587-598;Development(2005),132(12),2759-2770;Development(2005),132(13),3027-3043]。所述SoxB1基因家族(Sox1-3)可以是神经系统发育中Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导的关键效应子[Development(2006),133(22),4451-4461;Neuron(2005),46(1),23-36]。神经发生中,Sox2拮抗原神经基因(proneural gene)并且能维持祖细胞[Nature Neuroscience(2003),(6),1162-1168;Neuron(2003),39(5),749-765]。在蛙视网膜中,表达Sox2需要通过Fz5的Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导,其就原神经基因表达和祖细胞向神经元的转化而言是需要的[Neuron(2005),46(1),23-36]。发现了这些因子是保守的分级级联的核心组分,并且提出它们形成了强有力的定向网络,所述网络驱动细胞从增殖、未分化状态到非增殖、分化的神经元或胶质细胞的命运[Development(2009),136(19),3289-3299]。
哺乳动物CNS中的再生严重受限。不像小鸡,当前模型认为视网膜神经元从不再生。已经显示了成年哺乳动物视网膜中,米勒神经胶质细胞在体内急性神经毒性损伤后去分化和生成视网膜细胞,包含感光体。然而,新生成的视网膜神经元的数目非常有限。已经显示了Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导促进米勒神经胶质细胞衍生的视网膜祖细胞的增殖以及损伤后或变性中神经元的再生。在感光体损伤的视网膜中,Wnt3a处理使去分化的米勒神经胶质细胞增殖增加>20倍。还显示在变性视网膜中,Wnt3a增加了细胞增殖,并且用RA或VPA处理促进这些细胞分化成视紫红质阳性的感光体细胞[Journal of Neuroscience(2007),27(15),4210-4219]。
因此,我们提出调节所述Wnt/β-联蛋白通路是可能的治疗策略,通过从内源神经元祖细胞生成细胞来增强对丧失神经元的取代。
骨形成
显示了经典Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导增加骨形成,并且追踪Wnt通路成分作为骨质疏松症和其他代谢骨病的潜在药物靶标[Bone(2009),44(6),1063-1068]。现在,由于社会环境和遗传因素,特别由于老年人群的增加,骨病增加。通常,发生和发展骨病而没有特别的症状,并且随着衰老迅速恶化。尽管迄今开发出很多治疗骨病的药物,其大部分主要旨在缓解疼痛或延缓骨密度下降。它们不像治愈药物这么有效,治愈药物的目标是增加骨质疏松患者的骨密度。一些其他药物通常是注射形式,并且据报道在长期给予后产生副作用。
通过所述Wnt/β-联蛋白通路的信号转导能经很多基质增加骨量,包含干细胞重生、刺激成骨细胞复制、诱导成骨细胞发生和抑制成骨细胞和骨细胞凋亡。一种分子机制是通过Wnt-3a与其受体LRP5和Fzd的相互作用来刺激Wnt通路[Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry(2009),52(22),6962-6965]。骨形成成骨细胞表达表面膜上的蛋白LRP5和Fzd,其作为可溶性肽激动剂Wnt-3a的共受体。一旦用Wnt-3a刺激,游离β-联蛋白的内部浓度升高并且进入核中,和募集T细胞因子(TCF)。然后是转录事件并引起其他合成代谢基因产物的生成。其他可溶性胞外蛋白Dkk-1通过同时结合细胞表面受体Kr2和LRP5拮抗这个过程,有效抑制Wnt-3a与LRP5结合。另外,所述Kr2/LRP5/Dkk-1复合物经历胞吞以从细胞膜除去LRP5,因此消除其功能。由于各种成骨细胞参数如增殖、分化、募集/寿命和功能的改变,分泌的Wnt拮抗剂如Dkk-1、SOST/硬化蛋白和分泌性卷曲蛋白相关蛋白(sFRP)-1的功能丧失突变引起骨形成增加[Journal of Bone and Mineral Research(2009),21(6),934-945],而删除β-联蛋白活化转录因子TCF-1造成由于成骨细胞骨保护素表达下降引起的骨质减少[Developmental Cell(2005),8(5),751-764]。
肠疾病
所述成年肠上皮表征为上皮细胞的持续取代,所述取代通过5-7天隐窝(crypt)/绒毛转化时间中发生的细胞分裂、分化、迁移和剥落的固定形式循环。尽管研究涉及到增殖性隐窝隔室中β-联蛋白/Lef/Tcf信号转导的细胞固有作用,但是仍然没有鉴定出在成年肠干细胞微环境(niche)中调节增殖的推定生长因子。很多病理病症影响肠细胞。炎性肠病(IBD)能涉及小肠或大肠之一或两者。克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎是最熟知的IBD形式,因为病因未知,两者都落入"特发性"炎性肠病的类别。"活性"IBD的表征是急性炎症。"慢性"IBD的表征是隐窝扭曲和结疤的构造改变。隐窝脓肿能在很多IBD形式中发生。
作为有远端优势的弥漫性粘膜病,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)涉及结肠。几乎总是涉及直肠,并且可以涉及结肠的其他部分,以连续模式从直肠近端延伸出。UC的病因未知。有延长UC的患者发展结肠癌的风险增加。
有UC的患者也有发展肝病的风险,包含硬化性胆管炎和胆管癌。
克罗恩病能涉及到GI道的任何部分,但是最常见地涉及远端小肠和结肠。炎症通常是透壁的,并且能生成从淋巴滤泡(鹅口疮般溃疡)上小溃疡到透壁疤痕和慢性炎症的深度裂隙状溃疡的任意病情。三分之一的病例有肉芽肿,并且肠外位点如淋巴结、肝和关节也可以有肉芽肿。所述透壁炎症造成肠袢和其他结构之间瘘管的发生。炎症通常由所涉及肠的参与肠分离区域区段化。尽管提出了炎症和免疫机制,病因仍未知。
在小麦、大麦和黑麦中存在的常见饮食蛋白麸质在敏感个体中造成疾病,称为乳糜泻病。敏感个体消化这些蛋白使得小肠正常丰富的(luxurious)、地毯样的上皮内层变平。
乳糜泻病的其他临床症状包含疲劳、慢性腹泻、营养物吸收不良、体重减轻、腹胀、贫血症、以及发展骨质疏松和肠恶性肿瘤如淋巴瘤和癌的风险显著增加。乳糜泻病通常认为是自体免疫疾病,并且患者血清中发现的抗体支持了这个结论:所述疾病性质为免疫性。
敲除Tcf基因座的转基因小鼠显示了胚胎发生晚期中小肠上增殖性干细胞隔室的损失[Oncogene(2006)25(57),7512-7521]。然而,所述敲除是致死的,并且因此在成年中没有研究。在能分析成年的嵌合转基因小鼠中,表达组成型活性NH2-截断p-联蛋白会刺激小肠隐窝中的增殖,尽管NH2-截断p-联蛋白或Lef-1/-联蛋白融合也诱导隐窝细胞凋亡增加[The Journal of Cell Biology(1998),141(3),765-777;TheJournal of Biological Chemistry(2002),277(18),15843-15850]。因为多种因子调节P-联蛋白/Lef/Tcf依赖性转录,包含非卷曲蛋白GPCR和PTEN/PI-3-激酶,所以小肠干细胞缺陷的病因未知。在胃肠道中表达的受Wnt/β-联蛋白控制的基因包含CD44和EphB2。
再生医学
由于近年来医学领域的显著进步,在组织和器官的活供体移植技术领域中挽救生命的机会持续增加。然而,由于诸如移植供体短缺和发生排斥等因素,在依赖活供体移植的治疗上有局限性。如果能使由于手术处理或无法预料的事故而丧失的组织或器官再生,那么可能明显提高患者生命的质量。另外,再生医学也可能解决活供体移植面临的问题。从这个观点看,对再生医学的期望度比较高。
再生医学成功的技术主要涉及以人工皮肤、人工骨和人工牙齿的方式,就形态学或功能而言相对简单的组织。重建的人工皮肤和人工骨整合到能提供组织构建所需信号的细胞。然而,通过再生医学技术的人工皮肤和人工骨的分化库上有局限性。例如,尽管异源的角质形成细胞或皮肤成纤维细胞等分化成表皮形式的结构,其通过周围器官整合到最终有障碍属性的角质层或基底层,但是报道了没有第二衍生物的衍生,例如毛囊、皮脂腺或汗腺。
体组织正常包含能自体复制和有干细胞属性的细胞以通过向分化的细胞发送信号或提供分化的细胞来维持组织内稳态,和有从这种细胞接受各种信号或命令的已分化体细胞属性的细胞,并且能通过这些细胞种类之间的相互作用而发挥功能。例如脊椎动物示例中,间充质细胞和上皮细胞之间的相互作用对几乎所有组织和器官的形成重要。在毛囊示例中,毛乳突细胞形式的间充质细胞负责干细胞样的属性,而角质形成细胞形式的上皮细胞与有体细胞样属性的细胞在其分化成为发干(发本身)的能力上等同。
再生医学形成器官时遇到的困难在于在维持未分化状态的有干细胞属性的细胞和已经分化为实际身体组织的细胞之间达到共存状态。在现有技术中,即使上皮细胞和间充质细胞能共培养,它们要么都以分化而结束,要么都维持在未分化状态,因而防止了未分化细胞和分化细胞的共存在繁殖而从模拟实际身体组织。
引导多能细胞成为不同谱系和控制其表达在发育和干细胞生物学中仍是最基本的挑战。Wnt通路成员控制很多关键的胚胎事件,包含自我更新或祖细胞扩增。
已发表的观察指示了经典Wnt信号在不同发育窗口中起不同的作用,首先正面调节中胚层定向并且然后可能在心脏祖细胞的起始诱导中起负面作用[Genes&Development(2001),15(3),316-327;同上,304-315;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.(2006),103(52),19812-19817;Development(英国剑桥)(2006),133(19),3787–3796]。本文所述采用时空限制方式的经典Wnt信号转导的功能丧失和获得研究提供了有说服力的证据:小鼠中细胞自主方式需要Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导以扩增和发育心前中胚层和心脏中胚层。因此,可以存在狭窄发育窗口,其间经典Wnt信号转导顺序抑制然后促进心脏发育。因此显示了能操作经典Wnt信号转导以调节祖细胞的扩增和分化。
然而,与祖细胞相反,干细胞特异性小许多。干细胞和祖细胞之间最大的区别是干细胞能无限复制,而祖细胞仅能分裂有限次数。术语成年干细胞也称为体细胞和配子,指在已发育生物体中发现、有下面两个属性的任意细胞:能分裂和创造另一个类似自己的细胞,以及分裂和创造比自己更分化的细胞。它们能在儿童以及成人中发现[Nature(2002),418(6893),41–49]。个体的所有体细胞原则上基因一致,它们通过表观和调节变化在分化过程中进化出各种组织特异性特征。多能体干细胞罕见,并且通常数量比较小,但是能在包含脐带血在内的很多组织中发现。大量的体干细胞研究集中到澄清它们无限制分裂或自我更新的能力和分化潜能上。小鼠中,直接从成年成纤维细胞培养中生成多能干细胞。不幸的是,很多有干细胞器官的小鼠存活不长。
体细胞能重新编程以通过逆转录病毒转导四个转录因子而诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)[Cell(2008),132(4),567–582]。当认为重新编程的多能细胞有再生医学的重大潜能时[Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2008),105(15),5856–5861],逆转录病毒的基因组整合特别是c-Myc,增加了肿瘤发生的危险[Nature(2007),448(7151),313–317]。就临床缓解生成iPSC会从鉴定优先于基因修饰的替代、最终更安全的起始刺激中获益。这会用已定义因子、低毒性化学物或合成的小分子短暂处理。由于Wnt通路与多潜能的核心线路密切相关,显示了使用可溶性Wnt3a刺激所述通路促进没有c-Myc逆转录病毒下生成iPSC。这些数据显示了信号转导通路和转录因子能协同作用以将分化的细胞重新编程为多潜能细胞[Cell Stem Cell(2008),3(2),132-135;Cell StemCell(2008),3(5),465-466]。
如上所讨论,期望所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路激活剂是可用于针对细胞增殖疾病、骨病、眼病、阿尔茨海默病和甚至组织生成的药物。因此,所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路的新激活剂作为Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路相关疾病的潜在治疗方案是有优势的。本发明针对这些和其他重要的目标。
发明内容
本发明涉及在脊椎动物对象中增加细胞或组织再生的方法。本发明涉及体内增加脊椎动物对象中胚胎和/或成年干细胞、祖细胞、间充质祖细胞/干细胞和/或分化细胞的成功活性的方法。本发明还涉及某些方法,所述方法通过向所需脊椎动物对象给予如式I、II或III所述的化合物来增加细胞或组织再生,并且相较脊椎动物对象治疗前的干细胞、祖细胞和/或分化细胞群体内增加脊椎动物干细胞、祖细胞和/或分化细胞群,以增加脊椎动物对象中的细胞或组织再生。增加脊椎动物对象中干细胞、祖细胞或分化细胞群能是细胞增殖、细胞归巢(cell homing)、细胞凋亡降低、自我更新或细胞存活增加的结果。
在一个实施方式中,所述细胞或组织增殖能在组织中发生,所述组织包括但不限于骨、软骨细胞/软骨、肌肉、骨骼肌、心肌、胰腺细胞、内皮细胞、血管内皮细胞、脂肪细胞、肝、皮肤、结缔组织、造血干细胞、新生儿细胞、脐带血细胞、胎肝细胞、成年细胞、骨髓细胞、外周血细胞、类红细胞、粒细胞、巨噬细胞、粒细胞-巨噬细胞、B细胞、T细胞、多能混合细胞菌落类型、胚胎干细胞、间充质祖细胞/干细胞、中胚层祖细胞/干细胞、神经祖细胞/干细胞或神经细胞。所述脊椎动物能是哺乳动物、鸟类动物、爬行类动物、两栖动物、硬骨鱼纲动物(osteichthye)或软骨鱼纲动物(chondrichthye)。
在一个实施方式中,本发明是防止或减少毛发损失和/或刺激或增加毛发生长或再生长的组合物,其中所述组合物包含如式I、II或III所述的化合物。
本发明的一个实施方式提供了治疗神经变性疾病的药物组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,所述神经疾病是阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症或情感分裂性精神障碍、双相障碍或单相障碍、抑郁症、药物滥用、神经变性疾病、孤独症或自闭症谱系障碍或神经损伤如脊髓损伤或脑损伤引起的疾病。所述神经变性疾病可以是例如肌萎缩侧索硬化(葛雷克氏症)或帕金森病。在一些实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗外伤或中风引起的脑损伤的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,所述神经疾病是眼病,例如年龄相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿或视网膜色素变性。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及(i)降低骨量或骨密度损失,(ii)增加骨量或骨密度,(iii)维持骨量或骨密度,和/或(iv)降低骨中钙损失的方法,所述方法包含:给予对象治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物。本专利申请中使用的术语“骨量”和“骨密度”可以互换使用。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及调节成骨细胞活性或破骨细胞活性的方法,包含使用如式I、II或III所述的化合物。成骨细胞活性能通过调节成骨细胞的增殖或功能来调节。能直接或间接调节成骨细胞和/或破骨细胞的功能。
在一个实施方式中,所述方法用于治疗骨病症或骨质缺损。
在另一个实施方式中,要治疗的所述骨病症是脆弱、骨质疏松性骨折、骨质缺损、儿童特发性骨损失、牙槽骨损失、下颌骨损失、骨折、截骨术、牙周炎有关的骨损失或修复向内生长。
在另一个实施方式中,所述要治疗的骨病症是佩吉特病。
在另一个实施方式中,所述要治疗的骨病症是溶瘤骨疾病。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及促进治愈骨折、骨质缺损、颅面畸形、耳硬化症或成骨不全的方法,所述方法包含:给予对象治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及骨组织工程改造的方法,所述方法包含使用如式I、II或III的化合物。在一个实施方式中,用如式I、II或III的化合物处理用于骨组织工程改造的细胞。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及使用如式I、II或III的化合物作为药物,以在所需对象中(i)降低骨质损失,(ii)增加骨质,(iii)维持骨质和/或(iv)降低来自骨的钙损失。在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及使用如式I、II或III的化合物作为药物,以在哺乳动物中治愈骨折或修复骨质缺损。
在一个实施方式中,所述要治疗的骨病症是骨质疏松。在一个实施方式中,所述要治疗的骨质疏松选自下组:糖皮质激素性骨质疏松、甲状腺机能亢进诱发性骨质疏松、固定诱发性骨质疏松、肝素诱发性骨质疏松和免疫抑制诱发性骨质疏松。
在一个实施方式中,如式I、II或III的化合物与增加骨质或防止骨质损失的试剂联合给予。在一个实施方式中,所述增加骨质的试剂是生长因子、矿物、维生素、激素、前列腺素、15脂氧合酶抑制剂、骨形态发生蛋白或另一个增加骨形成的TGF-β超家族成员、ACE抑制剂、刺猬蛋白、地塞米松、降钙素或其活性片段。在一个实施方式中,所述防止骨质损失的试剂是孕激素、雌激素、雌激素/孕激素组合、雌激素酮、雌激素三醇、17α-或17β-乙炔基雌甾二醇、SB242784、聚膦酸酯、双膦酸盐或其活性片段。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,给予如式I、II或III的化合物以增强肠上皮的增殖用于治疗疾病或作为疾病治疗中的治疗辅助,所述疾病危及肠上皮,包含炎性肠疾病和乳糜泻病。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及器官组织工程改造的方法,所述方法包含使用如式I、II或III的化合物。在一个实施方式中,用如式I、II或III的化合物处理用于器官组织工程改造的细胞。
本文公开的一些实施方式包括含有β-二酮、γ-二酮或γ-羟基酮核心的Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂。本文公开的其它实施方式包括使用这些化合物的药物组合物和治疗方法。
本文公开的一个Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂的实施方式包含了有式I结构的化合物:
R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;
R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;和
R3、R4、R5和R6独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
本文公开的另一个Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂的实施方式包含了有式II结构的化合物:
R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;
R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;和
R3和R4独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
本文公开的另一个Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂的实施方式包含了有式III结构的化合物:
R1选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;
R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;和
R3和R4独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
一些实施方式包含式I、II或III的化合物的立体异构体和药学上可接受的盐。
一些实施方式包含式I、II和III的化合物的前药。
本发明的一些实施方式包括含有式I、II或III的化合物和药学上可接受运载体的药物组合物。
本文公开的另一个实施方式包括一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含任何上述式的化合物和药学上可接受的运载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
本发明的一些实施方式包含制备式I、II或III的化合物的方法。
应理解,前面的一般性描述和下列详细描述都只是示例和说明性的,不构成对要求保护的本发明的限制。
发明详述
发现了β-二酮、γ-二酮和γ-羟基酮能激活所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路。发现所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路在中枢神经系统的神经细胞分化和发育、骨形成、毛囊发育和再生、和刺激干细胞生长、维持和分化中起重要作用。
本发明涉及在脊椎动物对象中增加细胞或组织再生的方法。本发明涉及体内增加脊椎动物对象中胚胎和/或成年干细胞、祖细胞、间充质祖细胞/干细胞、或分化细胞的成功活性的方法。本发明还涉及某些方法,所述方法通过向所需脊椎动物对象给予如式I、II或III的化合物来增加细胞或组织再生,并且相较脊椎动物对象治疗前的干细胞、祖细胞、或分化的细胞群体内增加脊椎动物干细胞或祖细胞、或分化的细胞群,以增加脊椎动物对象中的细胞或组织再生。提供了一种在脊椎动物对象中增加干细胞或祖细胞群以修复或取代损伤组织的方法,其中在骨、软骨细胞/软骨、肌肉、骨骼肌、心肌、胰腺细胞、内皮细胞、血管内皮细胞、脂肪细胞、肝、皮肤、结缔组织、造血干细胞、新生儿细胞、脐带血细胞、胎肝细胞、成年细胞、骨髓细胞、外周血细胞、类红细胞、粒细胞、巨噬细胞、粒细胞-巨噬细胞、B细胞、T细胞、多能混合细胞菌落类型、胚胎干细胞、间充质祖细胞/干细胞、中胚层祖细胞/干细胞、神经祖细胞/干细胞或神经细胞中发生所述细胞或组织再生。
毛发生长
包含如式I、II或III所述化合物的组合物能用于促进毛发生长。
“促进毛发生长”指维持、诱导、刺激、加速或恢复毛发的萌发。
本发明的方法用于治疗哺乳动物中的秃发,并且类似地可以用于促进、增加或帮助毛发生长。对象可以是雄性或雌性。术语秃发指通常显示毛发生长的皮肤上毛发完全消失,以及毛发数量的损失或下降。人中识别了秃发的多种类型和病因,包含男性型秃发、化疗引起的脱发、先天性秃发和斑秃。术语治疗秃发指治疗完全没有毛发生长的皮肤,以及治疗毛发生长降低或斑驳的皮肤。成功的治疗引起毛发数目增加。
根据本发明要治疗的对象包含人对象以及哺乳动物对象,如狗、猫、小鼠、大鼠、山羊、美洲驼、貂、海豹、海狸、貂和绵羊。能治疗这些动物的毛发损失,从而适当或简单地增加羊毛或毛皮生成。
“治疗秃发”指(i)防止可能倾向秃发动物中的秃发,(ii)抑制、延缓或减少秃发,(iii)促进毛发生长和/或(iv)延长毛发循环的生长期。
根据本发明促进毛发生长的方法的特征是在哺乳动物皮肤上且特别是人头皮上应用有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐。
神经疾病
根据本发明的化合物能调节神经干细胞的细胞命运并且促进这些神经前体分化成功能性神经元和神经胶质细胞。
包含如式I、II或III所述化合物的组合物能用于治疗神经变性疾病。
神经变性疾病的非限定性示例是阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症或情感分裂性精神障碍、双相障碍或单相障碍、抑郁症、药物滥用、神经变性疾病、孤独症或自闭症谱系障碍或神经损伤如脊髓损伤或脑损伤引起的疾病。所述神经变性疾病可以是例如肌萎缩侧索硬化(葛雷克氏症)或帕金森病。
神经变性疾病的其他非限定性示例是眼病如衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿或视网膜色素变性。
本发明也提供了治疗外伤或中风引起的脑损伤的方法。
本发明的另一方面是增强神经祖细胞增殖和分化的方法,所述方法通过用有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物接触神经祖细胞以增强神经祖细胞的增殖和分化。
本发明一方面提供了增强神经生成的方法,所述方法通过用有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物接触神经以增强神经的生成。
另一方面,本发明提供了在需要治疗的患者中治疗神经变性疾病的方法,所述方法包含给予有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物或上文定义的药学上可接受的盐。
根据本发明的化合物可以单独给予或与工作机制不同的化合物如神经保护剂共同给予。在一个实施方式中,所述化合物与治疗阿尔茨海默病的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(如爱忆欣(Aricept))或治疗帕金森病的L-DOPA化合物共同给予。
骨形成
包含式I、II或III化合物的组合物能用于治疗、防止和缓解骨病症。本发明提供了(i)降低骨量损失,(ii)增加骨量,(iii)维持骨量和/或(iv)降低骨中钙损失的方法,所述方法包含:给予对象治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物。所述方法能用于治疗、防止或延迟骨病症。本发明还提供了促进治愈骨折或骨质缺损的方法,所述方法包含:给予对象治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物。上述任意方法能涉及联合给予增加骨质或防止骨质损失的试剂。
本发明也提供了使用如式I、II或III的化合物作为药物以治疗、防止或延缓骨病症。
本文使用的术语“骨病症”包含任意病症,其中需要增加骨质或骨密度,和/或防止骨质或骨密度的损失。骨病症包含增加破骨细胞数目、增加破骨细胞活性、增加骨质再吸收、增加骨髓纤维化或改变骨钙含量的任意病症。
骨病症的非限定性示例包含代谢骨病症如肾性骨营养不良、初级形式的骨质疏松症(如绝经后和老年性骨质疏松症)和作为潜在疾病状态结果发展出的次级形式的骨质疏松症。例如,骨质疏松症能在有内分泌紊乱如甲状旁腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进、性腺机能减退、由于恶性肿瘤引起的高钙血症、垂体瘤、I型糖尿病或爱迪生氏病的患者中发展。瘤形成例如多发性骨髓瘤和癌扩散也能造成骨质疏松症的发生。另外,胃肠道问题例如营养不良、吸收不良、肝功能不全和维生素C或D缺陷,和长期给予药物如抗凝血剂、化疗药物、皮质类固醇、抗惊厥药和乙醇能造成骨质疏松症发展。
骨病症的非限定性示例也包含骨坏死、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、佩吉特病、成骨不全、慢性甲状旁腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能亢进、大块骨溶解病、多发性骨纤维营养不良和牙槽骨丢失。
术语“骨病症”包括但不限于所有造成骨损失的病症,包含癌症和肿瘤(如骨肉瘤和多发性骨髓瘤)、肾病(包含急性肾衰竭、慢性肾衰竭、肾性骨营养不良和肾性再灌注损伤)、肾脏疾病、卵巢早衰和其他病症。
内分泌紊乱、维生素缺乏和病毒性感染也能导致发展出可用本发明方法治疗的骨病症。营养失调造成的骨病症示例是骨钙缺乏,这是由缺乏维生素D和钙造成的营养疾病。其在小孩中称为“佝偻病”,成人中是“骨钙缺乏”。其标志是骨质变软(缘于矿化损伤,有过多骨样积累)、疼痛、脆弱(tenderness)、肌肉萎缩和虚弱、厌食和整体体重减轻。其能由营养不良、重复妊娠和哺乳(消耗或耗尽维生素D和钙存储)和维生素D抗性造成。
骨病症包含用药物治疗对象造成的病症,例如用环孢菌素A或FK506治疗造成的骨量减少。
骨病症也包含骨折,骨损伤,与外伤后骨手术、假肢后关节手术、整形后(post-plastic)骨手术、后齿手术、骨化疗、后齿手术和骨放疗有关的病症。骨折包含所有类型的微观和宏观骨折。骨折的示例包含撕脱骨折、粉碎性骨折、横向骨折、斜骨折、螺旋状断裂、节段性骨折、移置性骨折、嵌入性骨折、旁弯骨折、隆起骨折、疲劳骨折、关节内骨折(骺离骨折)、闭合性骨折(简单骨折)、哆开骨折(复合骨折)和匿隐骨折。
骨病症的其他非限定示例包含骨变形、脊变形、假体松动、骨发育不良、脊柱侧凸、牙周病和缺陷、牙齿修复和纤维骨炎。
本发明也提供了用治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物治疗对象的方法,其中所述对象需要手术后的骨修复,例如肿瘤移除后的颅骨-上颌面修复、外伤性损伤后的手术性骨重建、遗传性修复或其他身体畸形、和促进整形手术中的骨愈合。
本发明提供了用治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物治疗对象的方法,其中手术对象需要接收植入(包含关节取代和牙齿植入)后的骨修复、假体或骨移植。
本发明也提供了用治疗有效量的如式I、II或III的化合物治疗对象的方法,其中手术对象:a)需要增加骨密度或骨愈合;b)经历过或正在经历皮质类固醇治疗、透析、绝经后骨损失的化疗、癌症放疗或激素取代治疗;c)由于骨损伤被固定或接受延长的卧床休养期;d)遭受酒精中毒、糖尿病、高泌乳素血症、神经性厌食症、原发性或继发性停经、或卵巢切除术;e)遭受肾衰竭;f)50岁或更老;或g)是女性。
本发明也提供了用治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物治疗对象的方法,其中所述对象受选自下面疾病的影响:动脉钙化、强直性脊柱炎、后纵韧带骨化、骨化性肌炎、弥漫性特发性骨骼肥厚、钙化性肌腱炎、肩袖疾病、骨刺、由于羟基磷灰石结晶沉积引起的软骨或韧带变性、和软骨钙质沉着病。
术语“有效量”或“治疗有效量”的如式I、II或III所述化合物指足以获得所需生理效果的量,所述生理效果如活化成骨细胞、增加成骨细胞数目、增加骨形成、降低破骨细胞数目或使破骨细胞失活。有效量的Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂由各示例中护理者基于本领域技术人员的正常考虑因素来确定从而测定合适的剂量,所述因素包含要治疗对象的年龄、性别和体重、要治疗的病症、和要治疗的医学病症的严重性。
本发明也提供了用治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物与增加骨质或防止骨质丧失的试剂联合治疗对象的方法。在一个实施方式中,所述增加骨质的试剂是生长因子、矿物、维生素、激素、前列腺素、15脂氧合酶抑制剂、骨形态发生蛋白或另一个增加骨形成的TGF-β超家族成员、ACE抑制剂、刺猬蛋白、地塞米松、降钙素或其活性片段。在一个实施方式中,所述防止骨质损失的试剂是孕激素、雌激素、雌激素/孕激素结合、雌激素酮、雌激素三醇、17α-或17β-乙炔基雌甾二醇、SB242784、聚膦酸酯、双膦酸盐或其活性片段。
肠疾病
也给予如式I、II或III的化合物以治疗胃肠炎症。本文使用的“胃肠炎症”指胃肠道粘膜层的炎症,并且包含急性和慢性炎症病症。急性炎症通常表征为短时间发作和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润或流入。
"慢性胃肠炎症"指表征为相对更长发作阶段的胃肠道粘膜层炎症,持久(如从数天、数周、数月或数年到多至所述对象的一生),并且与单核细胞的浸润或流入有关,并还与自行缓解和自行出现的阶段有关。因此,可以期望有慢性胃肠炎症的对象需要长时间的监督、观察或护理。有这种慢性炎症的“慢性胃肠炎性病症"(也称为"慢性胃肠炎性疾病")包括但不必限于炎性肠病(IBD)、由治疗方案(如给予化疗、放疗等)造成的或与之相关(如作为副作用)的环境损伤诱发性结肠炎(如胃肠炎症(如结肠炎))、在病症如慢性肉芽肿性疾病中的结肠炎、乳糜泻病、口炎性腹泻(一种遗传疾病,其中肠道内膜响应称为谷蛋白的蛋白消化而发炎)、食物过敏、胃炎、感染性胃炎或小肠结肠炎(如幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)-感染的慢性活性胃炎)和由感染原引起的其他胃肠炎症形式、和其他类似病症。
本文使用的"炎性肠病"或"IBD"指表征为所有或部分肠的炎症的任意各种疾病。炎性肠病的示例包括但不限于克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎。本说明书通篇提到的IBD经常在说明书中称为胃肠炎性病症的示例,并且不意味着构成限制。
如式I、II或III的化合物能在更严重的症状开始前(如急性炎症攻击开始前)给予对象,或者在急性或慢性症状开始后(如急性炎症攻击开始后)。类似地,所述试剂能在任何时间给予,并且可以任何时间间隔给予。在一个实施方式中,如式I、II或III的化合物能在对象中胃肠道炎症相关症状初始开始后和/或胃肠道炎症诊断后约8小时、约12小时、约24小时、约2天、约4天、约8天、约16天、约30天或1个月、约2个月、约4个月、约8个月、或约1年给予。
当给予多个剂量时,后续剂量在前面剂量的约16周、约12周、约8周、约6周、约4周、约2周、约1周、约5天、约72小时、约48小时、约24小时、约12小时、约8小时、约4小时、或约2小时或更少时间内给予。在一个实施方式中,以至少每两周到每四周(如每月间隔)的间隔范围给予ISS,从而维持最大需要的治疗效果(如提供BD有关症状的缓解维持)。
再生医学
根据本发明,可提供能作为由多种体细胞类型组成的原始器官样结构的体细胞。
本发明所指的体细胞指达到分化为构成身体各种器官细胞的细胞,并且指与未分化干细胞相反的细胞。本发明表征为使用两种或更多种体细胞,并且优选由其各种组合组成,例如一种上皮细胞系和间充质细胞的组合、内皮细胞和间充质细胞的组合、或上皮细胞和间充质细胞的组合。
如本发明所要求权利,对能由所述体细胞形成的器官没有特殊的限定,其示例包含各种器官如毛囊、肺、肾、肝、胰腺、脾、心脏、胆囊、小肠、结肠、大肠、关节、骨、牙齿、血管、淋巴管、角膜、软骨、嗅觉器官或听觉器官。
能没有限制地使用各种哺乳动物作为本发明对应其目的要求权利的细胞来源,其示例包含大猩猩,其他灵长动物,家养动物如狗或猫,家畜如牛、猪、马、绵羊或山羊,实验室动物如兔、大鼠、小鼠或豚鼠,和更优选裸小鼠、SCID小鼠或裸大鼠。另外,尽管其组合可以是均一组合或异质组合,优选均一组合。
本发明特征为加入如式I、II或III所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路激活剂到上述已分化体细胞类型的混合物中,然后培养。Wnt信号转导指通过促进β-联蛋白的核迁移显示转录因子功能的一系列作用。这些信号来源于细胞相互作用,包含例如一系列过程,其中从某些细胞中分泌的称为Wnt3A的蛋白进一步作用于其他细胞,造成作为转录因子的胞内β-联蛋白的核迁移。这个系列的过程生成例如上皮-间充质相互作用中器官构建的起始现象。已知所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导通路控制细胞增殖和分化、器官形成和各种细胞功能如起始发育中的细胞迁移。尽管在培养ES细胞时使用Wnt信号转导以由于其维持未分化状态功能而抑制分化,但是其在体细胞培养中的使用和影响是完全未知的。
本发明的另一个特性是使用已分化体细胞类型的组合物,其中向非板接触培养中加入如式I、II或III的化合物。非板接触培养指在有球形表面的界面上培养细胞的方法,从而使板粘附细胞不黏着。非板接触培养的示例是悬滴方法。所述悬滴方法指包含培养细胞的培养基滴粘着在培养皿上盖的内部,小心关闭所述盖,从而所述培养基不会滴下或流下(run down),并且培养基内待培养的细胞由于表面张力以反向液滴的形式培养。作为这种方式培养的结果,可以使板培养情况中由于接触平面对细胞的影响最小。非板接触培养方法的其他示例包含形成方法,利用表面事先处理以防止细胞粘附的半球形细胞培养皿(例如"球状体(Spheroid)"从住友酚醛塑料公司(Sumitomo Bakelite)市售可得)(称为所述球体形成方法),和悬浮方法,其中通过硝酸纤维素介质培养使细胞以悬浮状态聚集。
在一些实施方式中,提供的药物组合物能有效治疗动物疾病,例如哺乳动物中Wnt途径病理性激活或突变所致疾病。所述组合物包含药学上可接受的运载体和本文所述的Wnt途径激活剂。
定义
除非另外定义,否则,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语都具有本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常所理解的同样含义。所有专利、申请、公开申请和其它出版物通过引用全文纳入。在对本文中术语有多个定义的情况中,除非另有说明,以本节中的定义为准。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,以下术语具有所定义的含义。本文所用的"烷基"表示仅含碳和氢的支链或直链化学基团,例如甲基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基和戊基。烷基可以是未取代,或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如是卤素、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、巯基、羧基、羰基、苄氧基、芳基、杂芳基或其它如果对于本发明目的必需可用保护基团适当封端的官能团。烷基可以是饱和的,或在一个或多个位置不饱和(例如含-C=C-或-C≡C-亚单元)。通常,烷基含1-9个碳原子,优选含1-6个碳原子,更优选含1-4个碳原子。
本文所用的“碳环基”表示在环体系骨架中仅含碳原子的环体系,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环己烯基。碳环基可包括多个稠环。碳环基可具有任何的饱和度,前提是环体系中的至少一个环不是芳族的。碳环基可以是未取代的,或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如是卤素、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、巯基、羧基、羰基、苄氧基、芳基、杂芳基或其它如果对本发明目的必需可用保护基团适当封端的官能团。通常,碳环基可包含3-10个、优选3-6个碳原子。
本文所用的“低级烷基”指烷基的子集,因此是直链或支链的烃取代基。优选的低级烷基含1-约4个碳,可以是支链或直链的。低级烷基的例子包括丁基、丙基、异丙基、乙基和甲基。同样,使用术语“低级”的基团表示在基团的烷基部分中优选具有1-约4个碳的基团。
本文所用的“酰氨基”指H-CON-或烷基-CON-,碳环基-CON-,芳基-CON-,杂芳基-CON-或杂环基-CON,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基如文中所述。
本文所用的“芳基”表示具有单环(例如苯基)或多个稠环(例如萘基或蒽基)并且在环骨架中仅存在一个碳原子的芳族基团。芳基可以是未取代的,或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如是氨基、氰基、羟基、低级烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硝基、卤素、巯基和其它取代基。优选的碳环芳基是苯基。
本文所用的术语“杂芳基”指在环骨架中具有一个或多个杂原子(例如N、O或S)的芳族基团,可包括单环(例如吡啶)或多个稠环(例如喹啉)。杂芳基可以是未取代的,或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如是氨基、氰基、羟基、低级烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硝基、卤素、巯基和其它取代基。杂芳基的例子包括:噻吩基、吡啶基(pyrridyl)、呋喃基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、吡咯基(pyrollyl)、咪唑基、三唑基、硫代二唑基(thiodiazolyl)、吡唑基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基(thiadiazolyl)、吡喃基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、噻唑基等。
在这些定义中,应该清楚地理解芳环和杂芳环上的取代在一些实施方式的范围内。当发生取代时,所述基团称为取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基。优选在芳环上出现1-3个、更优选1个或2个取代基。尽管许多取代基都有用,优选的取代基包括在芳基化合物中常出现的取代基,例如烷基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、卤素、卤代烷基、巯基等。
本文所用的“酰胺”包括RNR’CO-(在R=烷基,烷氨基羰基-的情况中)和RCONR’-(在R=烷基,烷基羰基氨基-的情况中)。
本文所用的术语“酯”包括ROCO-(在R=烷基,烷氧基羰基-的情况中)和RCOO-(在R=烷基,烷基羰氧基-的情况中)。
本文所用的"酰基"指H-CO-或烷基-CO-,碳环基-CO-,芳基-CO-,杂芳基-CO-或杂环基-CO-,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基或杂环基如文中所述。优选的酰基含低级烷基。示例性的烷基酰基包括甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、2-甲基丙酰基、叔丁基乙酰基、丁酰基和棕榈酰基。
本文所用的"卤代或卤化物”是氯、溴、氟或碘原子基团。氯、溴和氟是优选的卤化物。术语“卤代”有时也可以理解为"卤素"或"卤化物"。
本文所用的"卤代烷基"指烃取代基,它是被氯、溴、氟或碘原子取代的直链、支链或环状烷基、烯基或炔基。最优选的是氟代烷基,其中一个或多个氢原子已经被氟取代。优选的卤代烷基的长度为1-约3个碳,更优选的卤代烷基是1-约2个碳,最优选的卤代烷基的长度为1个碳。因此,本领域技术人员能认识到本文中使用的"卤代亚烷基"指卤代烷基的二基变体,这种二基可作为基团、其它原子之间,或母体环与其它官能团之间的间隔。
本文所用的“杂环基”指在环体系骨架中包含至少一个杂原子的环体系。杂环基可包括多个稠环。杂环基可具有任何的饱和度,前提是环体系中的至少一个环不是芳族的。杂环基可以是未取代的,或被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如是卤素、烷氧基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、巯基、羧基、羰基、苄氧基、芳基、杂芳基和其它取代基,可通过任何可利用的价位(优选任何可用的碳或氮)与其它基团连接。更优选的杂环是5-7元的。在六元单环杂环中,杂原子选自O、N或S中的一个到多至三个,其中当杂环是五元环时,优选该环具有一个或两个选自O、N或S的杂原子。
本文所用的“取代的氨基”指被一个或两个烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基取代的氨基,其中烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如上文所述。
本文所用的“取代的巯基”指RS-基,其中R是烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基,其中烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如上文所述。
本文所用的“磺酰基”指烷基SO2、芳基SO2、杂芳基SO2、碳环基SO2或杂环基-SO2基团,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如上文所述。
本文所用的"氨磺酰基(sulfamido)"指烷基-N-S(O)2N-、芳基-NS(O)2N-、杂芳基-NS(O)2N-、碳环基-NS(O)2N或杂环基-NS(O)2N-基团,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如本文所述。
本文所用的"磺酰胺基(sulfonamido)"指烷基-S(O)2N-、芳基-S(O)2N-、杂芳基-S(O)2N-、碳环基-S(O)2N-或杂环基-S(O)2N-基团,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如本文所述。
本文所用的"脲基"指烷基-NCON-、芳基-NCON-、杂芳基-NCON-、碳环基-NCON-或杂环基-NCON-基团,其中烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基如本文所述。
如本文所用,当指示两个基团“连接”或“结合”形成“环”时,应理解在这两个基团之间形成键,可包括用键取代一个或两个基团上的氢原子,从而形成碳环基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基环。本领域技术人员应认识到这些环可容易地通过常规化学反应形成,在本领域技术人员的知识范围内能想到这些环及其形成方法。优选的环有3-7元,更优选是5元或6元。本文所用的术语“环”或“多个环”在通过组合两个基团而形成时称为杂环、碳环、芳基或杂芳基环。
本领域技术人员将认识到本文中所述的一些结构可以是化合物的共振形式或互变异构体,它们可以很好地用其它化学结构表示(即使在动态时),本领域技术人员能够认识到这些结构仅仅是这些化合物样品的极小部分。应该清楚理解这些化合物落在本发明的范围内,即使这些共振形式或互变异构体在本文中并未给出。
本文提供的化合物可包括各种立体化学形式。所述化合物还包括非对映异构体和光学异构体,例如对映异构体的混合物(包括外消旋混合物),以及独立的对映异构体和非对映异构体,它们是由于一些化合物中的结构不对称而产生。利用本领域技术人员熟知的各种方法可分离各异构体或者选择性合成各异构体。除非另有说明,当用具有一个或多个手性中心但并未指定立体化学的结构命名或描述所公开的化合物时,应理解为表示该化合物的所有可能立体异构体。
术语“给药”或“给予”表示将一定剂量的化合物或药物组合物给予脊椎动物或无脊椎动物(包括哺乳动物,禽类,鱼或两栖动物)的方法,其中该方法是例如呼吸道内给药,局部给药,口服给药,静脉内给药,腹膜内给药,肌肉内给药,颊部给药,经直肠给药,舌下给药。优选的给药方法可取决于各种因素而变化,例如药物组合物的组分、疾病的位置、所涉及的疾病、以及疾病的严重程度。
本文所用的“诊断”指辅助鉴定和表征健康或疾病状态的化合物、方法、体系或装置。如本领域已知,可在标准试验中使用诊断。
术语“哺乳动物”以其常规生物学含义使用。因此,该术语具体包括人、牛、马、猴、狗和猫,还包括许多其它物种。
术语“药学上可接受的运载体”或“药学上可接受的赋形剂”包括任何和所有溶剂,分散介质,包衣,抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂,等渗剂和吸收延迟剂,等等。就药学活性物质使用这种介质和试剂为本领域熟知。除非任何常规介质或试剂都与活性成分不相容,否则应考虑在治疗组合物中使用这些介质或试剂。也可在组合物中纳入补充活性成分。另外,可入各种佐剂,例如本领域中常用的佐剂。这些和其它这类化合物描述于文献,例如美国新泽西州罗韦默克公司的默克索引(Merck Index,Merck&Company,Rahway,NJ)。在药物组合物中纳入各种组分的考虑参见例如Gilman等编(2006);Goodman and Gilman’s:The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics(《古德曼和吉尔曼治疗学的药理学基础》),第11版,麦格劳希尔公司(The McGraw-Hill Companies)。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指保持优选实施方式的化合物生物学效力和性质的盐,该盐不是生物学或另外不需要的。在许多情况中,优选实施方式的化合物能利用存在的氨基和/或羧基或类似的基团形成酸盐和/或碱盐。可用无机酸和有机酸形成药学上可接受的酸加成盐。可获得盐的无机酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等。可获得盐的有机酸包括例如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等。可用无机碱和有机碱形成药学上可接受的碱加成盐。可获得盐的无机碱包括例如钠、钾、锂、铵、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、铝等;特别优选的是铵、钾、钠、钙和镁盐。可获得盐的有机碱包括例如伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,取代的胺(包括天然产生的取代胺),环胺,碱性离子交换树脂等,特别是例如异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺和乙醇胺。许多这类盐为本领域已知,例如描述于Johnston等于1987年9月11日公开的国际专利公开87/05297(通过引用纳入本文)。
“溶剂化物”指溶剂与Wnt途径抑制剂、其代谢物或其盐相互作用形成的化合物。合适的溶剂化物是药学上可接受的溶剂化物,包括水合物。
本文所用的“对象”指人或非人哺乳动物,例如狗、猫、小鼠、大鼠、奶牛、绵羊、猪、山羊、非人灵长类动物或禽类,例如鸡,以及任何其它脊椎动物或非脊椎动物。
“治疗有效量”或“药物有效量”通常是指足以实现所需效果的量,可根据疾病病症的性质和严重性以及化合物的效力而变化。应理解,对于预防和治疗活动性疾病,可采用不同的浓度。该量还能取决于病人的身高、体重、性别、年龄和病史。
治疗效果是一定程度上缓解疾病的一个或多个症状,包括治愈疾病。“治愈”意味着活动性疾病的症状消除。但是,即使治愈后,一些长期或永久的疾病影响仍可能存在(例如广泛性组织损伤)。
本文所用的“治疗”、“医治”或“处理”指出于治疗目的给予药物组合物。术语“治疗性治疗”指对已经患有疾病的病人给予治疗,从而产生治疗上有益的效果,例如改善已有的症状,防止其它症状,改善或预防症状的潜在代谢原因,延迟或预防疾病的进一步发展,和/或减轻将要或预计要发展的症状的严重程度。
应理解表述“药物洗脱”指任意和全部机制,如扩散、迁移、渗滤和或解吸,通过这些整合到药物洗脱材料中的所述药物随着时间进入周围身体组织。
应理解本文表述“药物洗脱材料”指能获得和保持所需形状或构造的任意天然、合成或半合成材料,并且一种或多种药物能整合其中和整合的药物能随着时间从其中洗脱。
应理解表述“可洗脱药物”指任意药物或药物组合,所述药物或药物组合有能力随着时间从其整合的所述药物洗脱材料进入身体的周围部分。
以下缩写具有所示含义:
Aβ=淀粉样β
ACE=血管紧张素I转化酶
AD=阿尔茨海默病
ALS=肌萎缩侧索硬化
AMD=衰老相关的黄斑变性
APC=腺瘤性息肉病
β-TrCP=含β-转导蛋白重复的蛋白
CD44=细胞表面糖蛋白
CK1,2=酪蛋白激酶1和2
DHT=二氢睾酮
Dkk=dickkopf
DME=糖尿病黄斑水肿
Dsh/Dvl=蓬乱蛋白
EphB2=肝配蛋白B型受体2
ES细胞=胚胎干细胞
FTD=额颞性痴呆
Fzd=卷曲蛋白
GBP=GSK-3结合蛋白
GI=胃肠
GPCR=G蛋白偶联受体
GSK-3=糖原合成酶激酶3
HCC=肝细胞癌
IBD=炎性肠病
Kr2=三环(kringle)结构域2
L-DOPA=L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸
Lef=淋巴增强因子
LRP=低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白
MMTV=小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒
PD=帕金森病
PKC=蛋白激酶C
PI-3=磷脂酰肌醇3激酶
PPAR=过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体
PTEN=磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物
RP=视网膜色素变性
SCID=重症联合免疫缺陷
SOD1=超氧化物歧化酶蛋白
SOST=硬化蛋白
sFRP=分泌性卷曲蛋白相关蛋白
TCF=T细胞因子
TGF=转化生长因子
UC=溃疡性结肠炎
Wg=无翅
Wnt=无翅型MMTV整合位点家族成员
化合物
本文所述化合物和组合物能激活Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路。发现所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路在中枢神经系统的神经细胞分化和发育、骨形成、毛囊发育和再生、和刺激干细胞生长、维持和分化中起重要作用。因此期望这种化合物和组合物用于细胞增殖疾病、骨病、阿尔茨海默病和甚至组织生成。
本发明的一些实施方式包含式(I)的化合物,其盐、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
在一些实施方式中,R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;
在一些实施方式中,R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基。
在一些实施方式中,R3、R4、R5和R6独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
在更特定的实施方式中,R1选自:
在另一个特定的实施方式中,R2选自取代或未取代的芳基,
在另一个特定的实施方式中,R3、R4、R5和R6是H。
本发明的一些实施方式包含式(II)的化合物,其盐、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
在一些实施方式中,R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基;
在一些实施方式中,R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基。
在一些实施方式中,R3和R4独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
在更特定的实施方式中,R1选自:
在另一个特定的实施方式中,R2选自取代或未取代的芳基,
在另一个特定的实施方式中,R3和R4是H。
本发明的一些实施方式包括式(III)的化合物,其盐、药学上可接受的盐或前药:
在一些实施方式中,R1选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基。
在一些实施方式中,R2选自取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的碳环基和取代或未取代的杂环基,前提是碳原子连接到所述羰基。
在一些实施方式中,R3和R4独立选自H、-C1-9烷基、-C1-9烷基芳基和-C1-9烷基杂芳基。
示例性的式I、II和III的化合物如表1所示。
表1.
化合物制备
用于制备本发明化合物的原料是已知的,可通过已知方法制备的,或者可市售获得。本领域技术人员清楚了解涉及本发明所要求权利化合物的前体和官能团的制备方法一般在文献中描述。本领域技术人员给出该文献,其公开内容非常适合制备任何所述化合物。
应认识到,有机化学领域的技术人员无需进一步指导就能容易地进行一些操作,也就是说,完成这些操作在该领域技术人员的能力范围和实践内。这些操作包括:羰基化合物还原为相应的醇,氧化,酰化,芳族取代,亲电和亲核反应,醚化,酯化和皂化,等等。这些操作讨论于以下标准教科书:例如March's Advanced OrganicChemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure(《马奇的高等有机化学:反应,机理和结构》),第6版,约翰威利父子公司(John Wiley&Sons)(2007),Carey和Sundberg,Advanced Organic Chemistry(《高等有机化学》),第5版,施普林格公司(Springer)(2007),Comprehensive Organic Transformations:A Guide to Functional GroupTransformations(《有机官能团转换综合:官能团转环指南》),第2版,约翰威利父子公司(1999)(通过引用全文纳入本文),等等。
本领域技术人员很容易理解,一些反应在分子中其它官能团被掩蔽或保护时进行最佳,从而避免任何不利的副反应和/或提高反应的产率。通常,本领域技术人员使用保护基团来获得这种提高的产率或避免不利反应。这些反应可参见文献且也在本领域技术人员所掌握的范围内。许多这些操作的例子可参见例如T.Greene和P.Wuts的Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis(《有机合成中的保护基团》),第4版,约翰威利父子公司(2007),其通过引用全文纳入本文。
提供以下示例性方案给读者作为指导,给出了制备本文中所列举化合物的优选方法。这些方法并非限制性的,显然也可采用其它途径来制备这些化合物。这些方法具体包括基于固相的化学方法,包括组合化学。本领域技术人员能够透彻理解如何通过文献和本公开给出的方法制备这些化合物。下文所示合成方案中使用的化合物编号仅仅用于具体的方案,不应理解为与本申请其它章节中使用的相同编号,或者与这些相同编号混淆。
为了进一步说明本发明,给出以下实施例。当然,这些实施例不应理解为对本发明构成特定限定。在权利要求范围内的这些实施例的变化形式在本领域技术人员的知识范围内,应认为落在所描述要求保护的本发明的范围内。读者能认识到本领域技术人员在本内容的基础上,无需穷尽的实施例就能制备和使用本发明。
文所用的商标仅仅是例子,反映本发明中使用的示例性材料。本领域技术人员认识到,批量、制造过程等的变化是可以预期的。因此,实施例以及其中使用的商标是非限制性的,它们不旨在限制本发明,而仅仅是说明本领域技术人员如何选择进行本发明的一个或多个实施方式。
使用Bruker NMR波谱仪(Avance TM DRX300,300MHz,1H)在所示溶剂中测量1H核磁共振波谱(NMR)。峰值位置表示为相对于四甲基硅烷的低场偏移百万分率(ppm)。峰多重性如下表示,s表示单峰;d表示双峰;t表示三重峰;m表示多重峰。
以下缩写具有所示含义:
Bi(OTf)3=三氟甲磺酸铋(III)
盐水=饱和氯化钠水溶液
CDCl3=氘代氯仿
DMSO-d6=氘代二甲亚砜
ESIMS=电喷雾质谱
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
HCl=盐酸
MgSO4=硫酸镁
NaH=氢化钠
NMR=核磁共振
Ph=苯基
K2CO3=碳酸钾
rt=室温
TFA=三氟乙酸
THF=四氢呋喃
TLC=薄层色谱
提供以下示例性方案给读者作为指导,共同说明制备文所提供化合物的示例性方法。此外,基于以下反应方案和实施例,制备本发明化合物的其它方法对本领域普通技术人员也是显而易见的。除非另有说明,所有变量如上所定义。
一般步骤
可按照方案1所述制备本发明的式I化合物。
方案1
方案1描述了制备未取代的1,4-二酮衍生物(VII)的方法,所述方法通过曼尼希(Mannich)碱作为乙烯酮前体与乙醛的改良施泰特尔(Stetter)反应。所述曼尼希碱首先通过甲基酮(IV)与多聚甲醛和盐酸二甲胺反应,形成3-二甲基氨基-丙-1-酮(V)。下一步,曼尼希碱(V)在标准施泰特尔反应条件下使用噻唑盐作为催化剂与各种醛(VI)反应,生成未取代的1,4-二酮衍生物(VII)。
其中所述α和/或β位点被取代的本发明式I化合物能如方案2所述制备。
方案2
方案2描述了通过Kel’in和库林科维奇(Kulinkovich)方法制备取代的1,4-二酮衍生物(IX)的方法[Synthesis(1996),(3),330-2],所述方法基于在甲基酮与α-溴酮的交叉羟醛(cross-aldol)缩合中应用镁试剂。甲基酮(IV)与取代的α-溴酮(VIII)在溴化二乙基氨基镁和酸存在下反应,然后用三乙基胺处理以生成所需取代的1,4-二酮衍生物(IX)。
可按照方案3所述制备本发明的式II的化合物。
方案3
方案3描述了通过交叉克莱森(Claisen)缩合制备β-二酮衍生物(VII)的方法。甲基酮(IV)与酯(X)在氢化钠存在下缩合以生成β-二酮衍生物(XI)。所述α位点还能用烷基溴和碱或烷基醇在路易斯(Lewis)酸催化剂存在下取代以生成β-二酮衍生0物(XII)。
可按照方案4所述制备本发明的式III化合物。
方案4
方案4描述了通过Xue等[Journal of Organic Chemistry(2006),71(1),215-218]的方法制备γ-羟基酮衍生物(XIII)的方法。从4.0当量Et2Zn、2.0当量TFA和4.0当量CH2I2形成的锌物质混合物有效地将β-二酮转化成γ-羟基酮。包含供电子取代基的R1基团易于在R2(XIII)附近插入环丙烷,其中包含吸电子取代基的R1基团易于在R1(XIV)附近插入环丙烷。
具体实施方式
说明性化合物实施例
实施例1
化合物(1)的制备如以下方案5所示。
方案5
试剂和条件:a)乙醇,HCHO,HCl,回流过夜;b)二噁烷,PhCHO,3-乙基-5-(2-羟乙基)-4-甲基噻唑溴化物,95℃过夜。
步骤a
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)乙酮(XV)(11mmol)、盐酸二甲胺(14mmol)、多聚甲醛(16mmol)和12N HCl(2滴)的乙醇(5mL)溶液回流过夜。冷却溶液至室温,在真空下蒸发乙醇。所述残留物用乙酸乙酯处理,轻微加热并且超声处理以分散成精细颗粒。所述固体过滤,并且室温干燥以生成1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-1-酮(XVI)的白色固体,(产率为82%),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 2.77(s,6H),3.41(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),4.25(m,4H),6.85(m,1H),7.45(m,2H)。
步骤b
将三乙胺(3.61mmol)和苯甲醛(4.3mmol)的干燥二噁烷(10mL)加入到1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-1-酮(XVI)(5.4mmol)和3-乙基-5-(2-羟乙基)-4-甲基噻唑溴化物(0.43mmol)的二噁烷溶液中,在氮气下95℃加热。所述溶液还在95℃加热过夜。冷却溶液,在真空下蒸发过量溶剂。使所述残留物在CH2Cl2和水之间分配。有机相用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。所述残留物通过己烷梯度中用乙酸乙酯的快速色谱洗脱来纯化,以生成1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-苯基丁-1,4-二酮1的白色固体(产率为12%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.33-3.37(m,4H),4.29(m,2H),4.34(m,2H),6.98(m,1H),7.48(m,1H),7.55(m,3H),7.64(m,1H),8.00-8.02(m,2H);ESIMS测定C18H16O4m/z 297(M+H)。
根据上面实施例1所述的过程制备以下化合物。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(吡啶-2-基)丁烷-1,4-二酮2。
白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 3.37(m,2H),3.40(m,2H),4.31(m,4H),6.92(m,1H),7.47(m,2H),7.56(m,1H),7.83(m,1H),8.03(m,1H),8.71(m,1H);ESIMS测定C17H15NO4m/z 298(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)丁烷-1,4-二酮3。
黄色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 4.29(m,2H),4.34(m,2H),6.97(m,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.52(m,1H),8.00-8.03(m,2H);ESIMS测定C16H14O4S m/z 303(M+H)。
1-(吡啶-2-基)-4-(噻吩-2-基)丁烷-1,4-二酮5。
白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.40(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),7.27(dd,J=4.8,3.8Hz,1H),7.70(m,1H),7.95(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.00-8.05(m,3H),8.76(d,J=4.3Hz,1H);ESIMS测定C13H11NO2S m/z 246(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(4-氟苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮7。
灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 3.40(s,4H),4.30(m,4H),6.92(m,1H),7.16(m,2H),7.57(m,2H),8.04(m,2H);ESIMS测定C18H15FO4m/z 315(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮10。
白色固体(产率为19%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.85(s,3H),4.30(m,2H),4.34(m,2H),6.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=8.3,2.0Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);ESIMS测定C19H18O5m/z327(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(4-((2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基)苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮11。
灰白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.33(m,4H),3.46(m,2H),3.75(m,2H),4.30(m,2H),4.34(m,2H),5.36(s,2H),6.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);ESIMS测定C22H24O7m/z 401(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(3-((2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基)苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮12。
白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.21(s,3H),3.35(m,4H),3.48(m,2H),3.75(m,2H),4.30(m,2H),4.33(m,2H),5.32(s,2H),6.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=8.2,2.0Hz,1H),7.49(m,2H),7.55(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.58(m,1H),7.67(d,J=7.8Hz,1H);ESIMS测定C22H24O7m/z 401(M+H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(2-((2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基)苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮13。
粘性油(产率为14%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.21(s,3H),3.25-3.29(m,4H),3.46-3.48(m,2H),3.79(m,2H),4.29(m,2H),4.33(m,2H),5.39(s,2H),6.98(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.10(m,1H),7.25(dd,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.49-7.54(m,2H),7.58(dd,J=7.7,1.6Hz,1H);ESIMS测定C22H24O7m/z 401(M+H)。
1.4-双(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)丁烷-1,4-二酮14。
灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 3.35(s,4H),4.30(m,8H),6.92(m,2H),7.57(m,4H);ESIMS测定C20H18O6m/z 355(M+H)。
实施例2
化合物(4)的制备如以下方案6所示。
方案6
试剂和条件:a)CH2Cl2,TFA,室温过夜。
步骤a
纯TFA(0.5mL)加入到1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(4-((2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲氧基)苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮11(0.35mmol)的CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液中,室温搅拌。该溶液还在室温下搅拌过夜。在真空下蒸发挥发物。所述残留物通过快速色谱,在CH2Cl2中用1%甲醇洗脱硅凝胶以获得1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(4-羟基苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮4的灰白色固体(产率为21%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 3.37(m,4H),4.29(m,2H),4.33(m,2H),5.76(s,1H),6.87(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.93(m,1H),7.60(m,2H),7.94(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);ESIMS测定C18H16O5m/z 313(M+H)。
根据上面实施例2所述的过程制备以下化合物。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(3-羟基苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮6。
灰白色固体(产率为27%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.27(m,4H),4.30(m,2H),4.34(m,2H),6.99(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.36(m,2H),7.45(m,2H),7.54(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-4-(2-羟基苯基)丁烷-1,4-二酮8。
灰白色固体(产率为62%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.43(m,4H),4.00(m,4H),4.34(m,2H),6.96(m,3H),7.48-7.56(m,3H),7.97(m,1H)。
实施例3
化合物(9)的制备如以下方案7所示。
方案7
试剂和条件:a)i)Et2NMgBr.Et2O,甲苯,0℃,3小时,ii)H2SO4,H2O,0℃-室温,iii)Et3N,室温。
步骤a
安装有磁力搅拌器和冷凝器的干燥三颈烧瓶中放入镁(12mmol)和醚(1.8mL)。通过注射器加入纯溴乙烷(2.5mmol),并且立即开始反应。将溴乙烷(10.5mmol)的甲苯(30mL)溶液缓慢加入到所述溶液中。完全加入后,所述溶液在加入纯二乙胺(24mmol)前于氮气下室温搅拌30分钟。该溶液室温下再搅拌15分钟。所述溶液冷却到0℃,并且1-(吡啶-2-基)乙酮(XVIII)(12mmol)和2-溴异丁酰苯(XVII)(13mmol)的混合物加入到所述溶液中。所述溶液氮气下0℃再搅拌3小时。水性5%H2SO4(20mL)加入到所述溶液中并且所述溶液加温到室温。分离该有机层,用MgSO4干燥并且过滤。所述有机层然后用Et3N(10mmol)处理并且室温搅拌过夜。所述溶液然后用水洗涤,MgSO4干燥、过滤和浓缩。所述残留物通过快速色谱,在己烷梯度中用1-5%EtOAc洗脱来纯化生成2,2-二甲基-1-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基)丁烷-1,4-二酮9的无色粘性油(产率为11%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 1.47(s,6H),3.80(s,2H),7.34-7.50(m,4H),7.65-7.75(m,2H),7.80(m,1H),7.94(m,1H),8.67(m,1H);ESIMS测定C17H17NO2m/z 268(M+H)。
实施例4
化合物(15)的制备如以下方案8所示。
方案8
试剂和条件:a)THF,NaH,室温回流,过夜。
步骤a
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)乙酮(XV)(1当量)的THF溶液缓慢加入到NaH(1.5当量)的THF悬浮液,所述悬液在氮气下室温搅拌。所述溶液再在室温下搅拌直到气体停止逸出。乙基吡啶甲酸(XIX)(1.1当量)加入到所述溶液中,并且氮气下回流过夜。所述溶液冷却,倾倒入冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取。所述有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。所述粗产物通过柱色谱在硅凝胶上纯化以生成1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-3-(吡啶-2-基)丙烷-1,3-二酮15的黄色固体(产率为71%),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm 4.13-4.43(m,4H),6.94(d,J=8.31Hz,1H),7.42(m,1H),7.44(m,1H)7.59(m,2H),7.85(m,1H),8.14(d,J=7.81,1H),8.65(m,1H);ESIMS测定C16H13NO4m/z 284(M+H)。
根据上面实施例4所述的过程制备以下化合物。
1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-3-(噻吩-2-基)丙烷-1.3-二酮16。
黄色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 4.34(m,4H),6.98(m,1H),7.15(br.s,1H),7.59(m,1H),7.64(m,2H),8.01(m,1H),8.28(m,1H);ESIMS测定C15H12O4S m/z 289(M+H)。
实施例5
化合物(17)和(18)的制备如以下方案9所示。
方案9
试剂和条件:a)DMSO,溴乙烷,K2CO3,室温过夜。
步骤a
将溴乙烷(0.87mmol)缓慢加入到1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-3-苯基丙-1,3-二酮(XX)(0.39mmol)和K2CO3(1.58mmol)的DMSO(4mL)溶液中,所述溶液在氮气下室温搅拌。所述溶液还在室温氮气下搅拌过夜。所述溶液倒入水和醚的混合物中。分离所述醚层、用盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。所述残留物通过柱色谱纯化以获得1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-2-乙基-3-苯基丙-1,3-二酮17的无色粘性油(产率为35%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 0.93(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),1.93(m,2H),4.28(m,2H),4.33(m,2H),5.60(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.51-7.55(m,4H),7.66(m,1H),7.98(d,J=7.3Hz,2H);ESIMS测定C19H18O4m/z 311(M+H)和1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧杂芑-6-基)-2,2-二乙基-3-苯基丙-1,3-二酮18的白色固体。ESIMS测定C21H22O4m/z 339(M+H)。
实施例6
化合物(19)的制备如以下方案10所示。
方案10
试剂和条件:a)CH3NO2,Bi(OTf)3,100℃,2小时
步骤a
萘-1-基甲醇(XXII)(0.75mmol)的CH3NO2(1mL)溶液在45分钟时间内缓慢加入到100℃加热的二苯甲酰甲烷(XXI)(2.27mmol)和Bi(OTf)2(0.008mmol)的CH3NO2溶液中。.所述溶液在100℃再搅拌2小时。冷却所述溶液,在真空下除去溶剂。所述残留物通过柱色谱纯化以生成2-(萘-1-基甲基)-1,3-二苯基丙-1,3-二酮19的黄色固体(产率为75%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δppm 3.75(d,J=7Hz,2H),6.23(t,J=7Hz,1H),7.24-7.38(m,6H),7.50-7.55(m,4H),7.57(m,1H),7.81-7.87(m,5H),8.14(m,1H);ESIMS测定C26H20O2m/z 365(M+H)。
给药和药物组合物
一些实施方式包括药物组合物,所述组合物包含:(a)安全且治疗有效量的如式I、II或III所述化合物或其相应的对映异构体、非对映异构体或互变异构体,或药学上可接受的盐;和(b)药学上可接受的运载体。
本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受盐的给药可通过就起类似作用的试剂而言任何可接受给药方式进行,包括但不限于,口服给药、皮下给药、静脉内给药、鼻内给药、局部给药、经皮给药、腹膜内给药、肌肉内给药、肺内给药、经阴道给药、经直肠给药、或眼内给药。在治疗所述症状时常采用口服给药和胃肠外给药。
旨在用于药学应用的本发明化合物可作为晶体或无定形产品给予。药学上可接受的组合物包括固体、半固体、液体和气溶胶剂型,例如片剂、胶囊、粉末、液体、混悬剂、栓剂、气溶胶等。可通过诸如沉淀、结晶、冻干、喷雾干燥或蒸发干燥的方法以(例如)膜形式得到上述组合物。微波或射频干燥可用于此目的。这些化合物也可以缓释或控释剂型给予,包括长效注射剂、渗透泵、丸剂、经皮(包括电转运)贴片等,用于以预定的速率长时间给予和/或定时、脉冲给予。优选地,所述组合物以适合单次给予精确剂量的单位剂型提供。
所述组合物可单独给药,或者更常与传统药物运载体、赋形剂等组合给药。本文所用的术语"赋形剂"用于描述除本发明化合物以外的任何组分。药学上可接受的赋形剂包括但不限于:离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,自乳化药物递送系统(SEDDS)例如d-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯,药物剂型中使用的表面活性剂例如吐温(Tweens)或其它类似的聚合物递送基质,血清蛋白例如人血清白蛋白,缓冲物质例如磷酸盐丙三醇,山梨酸,山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,例如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶体二氧化硅,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,基于纤维素的物质,聚乙二醇,羧甲基纤维素钠,聚丙烯酸酯,蜡,聚乙烯-聚氧化丙烯-嵌段聚合物,以及羊毛脂。环糊精如α-、β和γ-环糊精,或化学改性的衍生物如羟烷基环糊精(包括2-和3-羟丙基-b-环糊精),或其它可溶性衍生物也可有利地用于提高具有本文所述通式的化合物的递送。可制备包含0.005%-100%范围本文所述化合物的剂型或组合物,余量由非毒性运载体补足。所考虑的组合物可包含0.001%-100%的活性组分,在一个实施方式中为0.1-95%,在另一个实施方式中为75-85%。制备这种剂型的实际方法是已知的,或是本领域技术人员显而易见的;例如参见Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(《雷明登:药物科学和实践》),第21版(Lippincott Williams和Wilkins.2005)。
在一个优选的实施方式中,组合物可采取诸如丸剂或片剂等单位剂型形式,因此组合物除活性成分外,还可包含:稀释剂如乳糖、蔗糖、磷酸二钙等;润滑剂如硬脂酸镁等;粘合剂如淀粉、阿拉伯胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、纤维素衍生物等。在另一种固体剂型中,粉末、药丸、溶液或混悬液(例如在碳酸亚丙酯、植物油或甘油三酸酯中)被包封在明胶胶囊内。也可以考虑其中两种活性成分物理上隔开的单位剂型,例如包含各药物颗粒的胶囊;双层片剂;双室凝胶胶囊等。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本文所述组合物用作医疗设备的药物洗脱涂层,包括但不限于暂时或是永久的植入物、海绵、聚合物或凝胶。
根据本发明实施方式,所述植入物是整形外科植入物,包括但不限于(i)髋关节,(ii)螺钉、空心螺钉(cannulated screws)、钉子、网、笼、线、钉、髓内钉、杆、贴、锚和用于彼此结合或连接骨片段的板、片或各个部分,(iii)外部骨骼固定器,如单边、多平面或混合固定器,(iv)用于治疗涉及脊骨的变性不稳定性、骨折、肿瘤和畸形的植入物,(v)用于治疗骨折、重建和修正畸形、下颚骨、面部中央或头骨的颅骨-上颌面植入物,(vi)手术支架、胶原支架、髓内骨支架,(vii)前交叉韧带(ACL)和后交叉韧带(PCL)重建系统,(viii)牙植入物。
在一些示例中,如式I、II或III的化合物与一种或多种治疗剂联合给予,所述治疗剂如用于治疗本文所述骨疾病或病症的治疗剂。例如,某些第二治疗剂能促进组织生长或浸润,如生长因子。用于这个目的的示例性生长因子包括但不限于表皮生长因子(EGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、转化生长因子(TGF)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)。其他第二治疗剂能促进骨生长,如骨形态发生蛋白(美国专利号4,761,471;PCT公开WO 90/11366)、成骨素(Sampath等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1987),84(20),7109-7113)、NaF(Tencer等,Journal of Biomedical MaterialsResearch(1989),23(6),571-589),可以加入肽序列如IKVAV以连接神经,并且使那些神经表达神经炎(Tashiro等,The Journal of Biological Chemistry(1989),264(27),16174-16182)。
药学上可给予的液体组合物(例如)可通过例如以下方式制备:将上文所定义的活性化合物以及任选的药用佐剂在运载体(如水、盐水、水性右旋糖、甘油、二醇、乙醇等)中溶解、分散以形成溶液或混悬液。如果需要,药物组合物可还包含少量无毒辅助物质如润湿剂;乳化剂;增溶剂;pH缓冲剂等(例如醋酸钠、柠檬酸钠、环糊精衍生物、单月桂酸去水山梨糖醇酯、三乙醇胺乙酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯等)。注射剂可以制备成常规形式,例如液体溶液或混悬液,或乳液,或适合在注射前溶解或悬浮在液体中的固体形式。这种胃肠外组合物中包含的活性化合物的百分数高度依赖于其特定性质,以及化合物的活性和对象的需求。但是,可使用溶液中0.01%-10%的活性成分百分比,如果组合物是固体,则可以更高,随后可以稀释到上述百分比。在一些实施方式中,组合物在溶液中包含0.2-2%的活性剂。
需要注意的是,浓度和剂量还会根据待缓解的病症严重程度而变化。还应理解,对于任何具体的病人,应当随着时间根据个体的需求以及给予或监督组合物给予的个人的专业判断来调节具体的给药方案,本文所列浓度范围仅仅是示例性的,不会对所要求保护的组合物的范围或实施构成限制。
固体组合物可以不同类型的剂型提供,取决于药物的物理化学性质、所需的溶解速率、成本考虑和其它标准。在一个实施方式中,固体组合物是单一单位。单一单位是指一个单位剂量的药物包含在单个物理形状的固体形式或制品中。换言之,固体组合物是连贯的,这与多单位剂型不同,后者中各单位是不连贯的。
可用作固体组合物剂型的单一单位示例包括片剂例如压缩片剂,膜样单位,箔样单位,晶片,冻干基质单位等等。在一个优选的实施方式中,固体组合物是高度多孔的冻干形式。有时这种冻干物也称为晶片或冻干片剂,由于崩解迅速使得活性化合物能迅速溶解而特别有用。
另一方面,对于一些应用,固体组合物还可以上述多单位剂型形式形成。多单位的例子是粉末,颗粒,微粒,小丸,珠,冻干粉末等。在一个实施方式中,固体组合物是冻干粉末。这种分散的冻干体系包含大量粉末颗粒,并且由于在粉末形成中使用冻干工艺,各颗粒具有不规则的多孔微观结构,借助该结构粉末能非常迅速地吸收水,实现快速溶解。
也能实现快速药物溶解的另一类多颗粒体系是水溶性赋形剂的粉末、颗粒或小丸的体系,所述赋形剂用药物包衣从而药物位于各颗粒的外表面上。在该类体系中,水溶性低分子量赋形剂可用于制备这类包衣颗粒的核,然后用包含药物和(优选地)一种或多种其它赋形剂的包衣组合物对核进行包被,所述其它赋形剂例如是粘合剂、成孔剂、糖类、糖醇、成膜聚合物、增塑剂、或药物包衣组合物中使用的其它赋形剂。
本文还提供药盒。通常,药盒包含一种或多种本文所述的化合物或组合物。在一些实施方式中,药盒可包含一个或多个递送系统,例如,用于递送或给予上述化合物,以及药盒的使用说明(例如,用于治疗病人的说明书)。在另一个实施方式中,所述药盒可包含本文所述的化合物或组合物和指示该内容物要给予癌症患者的标签。在另一个实施方式中,所述药盒能包含本文所述化合物或组合物,以及指示所述内容物给予患者的标签,所述患者有一种或多种骨质疏松和骨关节病;成骨不全、骨质缺损、骨折、牙周疾病、耳硬化症、伤口愈合、颅面畸形、溶瘤骨疾病、与中枢神经系统分化和发育相关的创伤性脑损伤,包含帕金森病、中风、缺血性脑血管病、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、双相障碍、精神分裂症;眼病如衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿、家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变或视网膜色素变性和干细胞分化及生成相关的疾病,包含脱发,造血相关疾病和组织再生相关疾病,和其他与发育、干细胞分化及细胞增殖异常有关的疾病。
本发明的活性化合物的实际剂量取决于具体的化合物,要治疗的病症;适当剂量的选择在本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
治疗方法
本文提供的化合物和组合物能用作一个或多个所述Wnt通路成员(包含一种或多种Wnt蛋白)的激活剂,并且因此能用于治疗各种涉及异常Wnt信号转导的紊乱和疾病,例如骨质疏松和骨关节病;成骨不全、骨质缺损、骨折、牙周疾病、耳硬化症、伤口愈合、颅面畸形、溶瘤骨疾病、与中枢神经系统分化和发育相关的创伤性脑损伤,包含帕金森病、中风、缺血性脑血管病、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、双相障碍、精神分裂症;眼病如衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿、家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变或视网膜色素变性和干细胞分化及生成相关的疾病,包含脱发,造血相关疾病和组织再生相关疾病,和其他与发育、干细胞分化和细胞增殖异常有关的疾病。
对脱发而言,已知所述经典Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路调节发囊发育和再生。表皮中,当间充质细胞群聚在皮肤上时,发囊发育启动。这个过程中,真皮发出的信号诱导上皮变厚,延伸上皮细胞和形成包含Wnt反应细胞的基板。相应地,基板传递信号给真皮细胞以缩聚,因此形成也相应Wnt信号转导的所述毛囊的真皮乳突组分。Wnt3a从毛发表皮分泌,和以自分泌和旁分泌模式作用,并且显示了Wnt-3a在真皮乳突细胞中维持生长期基因表达和在器官培养中调节毛发诱导型活性。所述Wnt-3a介导的毛发生长可以依赖于所述经典Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路,因为删除β-联蛋白或所述Lef1基因造成小鼠中的脱发。因此,本文所述化合物和组合物可以通过调节所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路来用于局部治疗脱发。
对神经变性疾病而言,Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导系统在中枢神经系统的神经细胞分化和发育中起关键作用。特定地,发现了Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导涉及神经细胞异常造成的疾病。
更特定在阿尔茨海默疾病中,研究指示了Wnt信号转导功能的持续减少可能涉及阿尔茨海默病脑中观察到的Aβ依赖性神经变性。因此,本文所述化合物和组合物可以用于重新激活涉及神经变性的Wnt信号转导功能损失。
本文所述的化合物和组合物还可治疗其它神经变性疾病。
更特定地,可用本文所述化合物、组合物和方法治疗的神经变性疾病包括但不限于以下:
帕金森病、精神分裂症、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化(葛雷克氏症)、原发性侧索硬化(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、双相障碍、抑郁症、中风、缺血性脑血管病、癫痫、脑损伤和1型脊髓性小脑萎缩症(SCA1)。
对眼病而言,Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导系统调节维持睫状边缘带(CMZ)中的视网膜祖细胞,并且因此作为视网膜中的推定干细胞因子发挥功能。特定地,发现了Wnt/β联蛋白通路调节视网膜修复的过程,和应用Wnt激活剂可以促进视网膜神经元再生。在损伤情况下,Wnt可以起保护作用。近期显示了Wnt3a保护感光体。这个研究的结果可以很好地解释为损伤环境中干细胞自我更新的上调。
因此,本文所述化合物和组合物可以用于增加对疾病所造成神经元损失的取代,并且在损伤中通过调节所述Wnt/β-联蛋白信号通路来保护感光体。
本文所述的化合物和组合物还可治疗其它眼病。
更特别地,可由本文所述化合物、组合物和方法治疗的眼病包括但不限于以下:
衰老相关的黄斑变性、糖尿病黄斑水肿、家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变和视网膜色素变性。
对干细胞分化和生长有关的疾病而言,Wnt/β-联蛋白信号转导在很多不同组织的干细胞自我更新中重要,所述组织包含皮肤、肠、脑和血液。因此,本文所述化合物和组合物可以用于治疗与发育异常有关的紊乱和疾病。
生物学活性评估
采用本领域技术人员已知的任何合适试验,例如WO 2001/053268或WO2005/009997检验本文所述化合物的生物学活性。例如,可采用以下概述的一种或多种测试方法检验化合物的活性。
实施例7
如下分析增强所述Wnt活性的化合物或激活剂。可通过慢病毒构建物稳定转导癌症细胞系(例如,结肠癌)的细胞来产生报道细胞系,所述慢病毒构建物包含驱动萤火虫荧光素酶基因表达的Wnt反应启动子。
可制备慢病毒构建物,其中SP5启动子,即具有衍生自SP5启动子的8个TCF/LEF结合位点的启动子连接在荧光素酶基因上游。所述慢病毒构建物还可包含潮霉素耐受性基因作为选择标记。可利用SP5启动子构建物转导SW480细胞,所述SW480细胞是具有产生截短APC蛋白的突变APC基因的结肠癌细胞系,从而导致β-连蛋白的失控累积。
可将携带报道构建物的培养SW480细胞以每孔约10,000个细胞分散在384孔或96孔多孔板中。然后可采用3或10微摩尔最高浓度,将小分子化合物库的化合物以半对数稀释加入各孔。各细胞类型的一系列对照孔仅接受缓冲液和化合物溶剂DMSO。化合物加入后24小时,可测定荧光素酶的报道子活性,例如通过加入BrightGlo发光试剂(普罗迈格公司(Promega))和利用Victor3平板读数计(帕金埃尔默公司(Perkin Elmer))检测。读数根据仅用DMSO处理的细胞标准化,并且任何高于DMSO的活性视作激活。如果报道子活性是DMSO的2x倍或更多,认为化合物是激活剂。EC50是在半最大激活时的浓度。表2显示所选激活剂的活性。
表2.
化合物 | Wnt激活,IC50 | 化合物 | Wnt激活,IC50 |
1 | 0.028-0.029μM | 10 | >10μM |
2 | 0.013μM | 11 | >10μM |
3 | 0.036-0.041μM | 12 | >10μM |
4 | 0.61-1.0μM | 14 | >10μM |
5 | 0.64-1.9μM | 15 | 0.68-2.1μM |
6 | 2.1μM | 16 | 2.57μM |
7 | 0.096-0.27μM | 17 | >10μM |
8 | 0.083μM | 18 | 6.0μM |
9 | >10μM | 19 | 2.8-5.0μM |
本文所用的术语“包含”与“包括”,“含有”或“特征在于”同义,为封闭式或开放式表述,并不排除其它未列举的要素或方法步骤。
Claims (27)
1.一种具有式I结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基,其中,所述杂芳基选自:
前提是由该杂芳基的碳原子连接到所示羰基;
R2是取代或未取代的芳基,其中所述芳基选自未被取代或可被卤素、羟基和烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基;和
R3、R4、R5和R6为H。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R2是未被取代或可被卤素、羟基和烷氧基取代的苯基。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物具有选自以下的结构:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
R2是苯基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
R2是苯基。
8.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
12.一种药物组合物,该组合物含有具有式I结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的赋形剂:
其中R1选自取代或未取代的杂芳基,其中,所述杂芳基选自:
前提是由该杂芳基的碳原子连接到所示羰基;
R2是取代或未取代的芳基,其中所述芳基选自未被取代或可被卤素、羟基和烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基;和
R3、R4、R5和R6为H。
13.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
14.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
15.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,R2是未被取代或可被卤素、羟基和烷氧基取代的苯基。
16.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述化合物具有选自以下的结构:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
17.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
R2是苯基。
18.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述R1是:
R2是苯基。
19.如权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
20.如权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
21.如权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
22.如权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述式I化合物是:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
23.如权利要求12-22中任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物配制成局部给药。
24.治疗有效量的权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求12-23中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备预防或治疗哺乳动物的脱发用的药物中的用途。
25.治疗有效量的权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求12-23中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备促进哺乳动物的毛发生长用的药物中的用途。
26.治疗有效量的权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求12-23中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于哺乳动物皮肤细胞或皮肤组织再生的药物中的用途。
27.如权利要求24-26中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述哺乳动物是人。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US37468710P | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | |
US61/374,687 | 2010-08-18 | ||
US201061427974P | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | |
US61/427,974 | 2010-12-29 | ||
CN201180050153.1A CN103153053B (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-17 | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180050153.1A Division CN103153053B (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-17 | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104672202A true CN104672202A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
CN104672202B CN104672202B (zh) | 2017-07-28 |
Family
ID=45594555
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180050153.1A Active CN103153053B (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-17 | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 |
CN201510019522.0A Active CN104672202B (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-17 | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180050153.1A Active CN103153053B (zh) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-17 | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (9) | US8609717B2 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP3915367A1 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP6086864B2 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN103153053B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2011291989B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013003631B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2807419C (zh) |
CY (2) | CY1120061T1 (zh) |
DK (2) | DK3311666T3 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2879314T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1254638A1 (zh) |
HR (2) | HRP20180196T1 (zh) |
HU (2) | HUE054810T2 (zh) |
LT (2) | LT3311666T (zh) |
MX (2) | MX354133B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO2605652T3 (zh) |
PL (2) | PL2605652T3 (zh) |
PT (2) | PT2605652T (zh) |
RS (2) | RS56855B1 (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2016124136A (zh) |
SI (2) | SI3311666T1 (zh) |
SM (2) | SMT201800065T1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012024404A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20110031355A (ko) | 2008-06-25 | 2011-03-25 | 엔비보 파마슈티칼즈, 인코퍼레이티드 | 1,2―이치환된 헤테로사이클릭 화합물 |
DK2617420T3 (da) | 2009-05-07 | 2015-12-07 | Forum Pharmaceuticals Inc | Heterocykliske phenoxymethylforbindelser |
SI2464232T1 (sl) | 2009-08-10 | 2016-03-31 | Samumed, Llc. | Indazolovi inhibitorji signalne poti WNT in njihova terapevtska uporaba |
RU2016124136A (ru) | 2010-08-18 | 2018-12-03 | СЭМЬЮМЕД, ЭлЭлСи | Дикетоны и гидроксикетоны в качестве активатора сигнального пути катенина |
US20140037599A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and Methods of Treating T Cell Deficiency |
HUE042001T2 (hu) | 2013-02-22 | 2019-06-28 | Samumed Llc | Gamma-diketonok Wnt/béta-katenin jelátviteli útvonal aktivátorokként |
MX368248B (es) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-09-25 | Samumed Llc | Gamma-dicetonas para tratamiento y prevencion de piel envejecida y arrugas. |
EP3487987A4 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2020-02-19 | Accellta Ltd. | CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE CULTURE OF SUSPENDED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS |
BR112019013388A2 (pt) | 2016-12-30 | 2020-03-03 | Frequency Therapeutics, Inc. | Compostos de 1h-pirrol-2,5-diona e métodos de uso dos mesmos para induzir a autorrenovação de células de suporte tronco/progenitoras |
CN113195707A (zh) | 2018-08-17 | 2021-07-30 | 频率治疗公司 | 用于通过上调jag-1来生成毛细胞的组合物和方法 |
EP3837351A1 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2021-06-23 | Frequency Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for generating hair cells by downregulating foxo |
WO2020245845A1 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-10 | Fermenta Biotech Limited | An improved process to synthesize 5-(3-pyridyl)-2,2'-bithiophene(sensitizer) |
Family Cites Families (120)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3040054A (en) | 1960-08-03 | 1962-06-19 | Olin Mathieson | 2, 2'-(1, 4-diaminotetramethylene) bis(4-thiazolecarboxylic acid), salts and process |
SU335946A1 (ru) * | 1971-01-06 | 1977-04-05 | Вильнюсский государственный университет им.В.Капсукаса | Способ получени 5-( -алкиламиноациламино)-бензодиоксанов-1,4 |
US3855675A (en) | 1971-05-25 | 1974-12-24 | Squibb & Sons Inc | 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-1h-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine-5-methanones |
DE2262343A1 (de) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-06-27 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von ketonen |
US4014889A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1977-03-29 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for preparing ketones |
US4032526A (en) * | 1975-10-02 | 1977-06-28 | American Cyanamid Company | 1,2-dimethyl-3 or 5-piperazinyl-pyrazolium salts |
US4164559A (en) | 1977-09-21 | 1979-08-14 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Collagen drug delivery device |
DE2808070A1 (de) | 1978-02-24 | 1979-08-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von 4-pyridon-3-carbonsaeuren und/oder deren derivaten |
US4761471A (en) | 1980-08-04 | 1988-08-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Bone morphogenetic protein composition |
US4474752A (en) | 1983-05-16 | 1984-10-02 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Drug delivery system utilizing thermosetting gels |
DE3331692A1 (de) | 1983-09-02 | 1985-03-28 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | 3-phenyl-4-methoxycarbonylpyrazole, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zur bekaempfung unerwuenschten pflanzenwuchses |
EP0230110A1 (en) | 1985-11-30 | 1987-07-29 | FISONS plc | Pharmacologically active pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives |
US4783443A (en) | 1986-03-03 | 1988-11-08 | The University Of Chicago | Amino acyl cephalosporin derivatives |
EP0290442A4 (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1990-07-03 | Chemex Pharmaceuticals Inc | MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS AND MIXTURES THEREOF, ORGANIC COMPOSITIONS AND METAL SALTS. |
NZ227287A (en) | 1987-12-21 | 1992-01-29 | Merck & Co Inc | 2,5-diaryl tetrahydrofurans and medicaments |
AU626881B2 (en) | 1988-07-14 | 1992-08-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Benzofused heterocyclics used as pharmaceuticals |
IL91418A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1997-11-20 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | (hetero) cyclic amide derivatives, process for their preparation and fungicidal compositions containing them |
EP0365089A3 (en) | 1988-10-18 | 1991-06-05 | Merck & Co. Inc. | 2-aryl-5(3-methoxy-5-(hydroxypropylsulfonyl)-4-propoxyphenyl) tetrahydrothiophen and analogs |
DK0429570T3 (da) | 1989-03-28 | 1998-04-27 | Genetics Inst | Osteoinducerende præparater |
ES2073661T3 (es) * | 1990-04-27 | 1995-08-16 | Duphar Int Res | Metodo para la isomerizacion fotoquimica de compuestos organicos bajo la influencia de un fotosensibilizador. |
DE4104931A1 (de) | 1991-02-18 | 1992-08-20 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung substituierter indene |
JPH05170764A (ja) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-09 | Sumitomo Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 新規なヒドロキシカルコン誘導体 |
GB9203806D0 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-04-08 | Unilever Plc | Sunscreen agents |
DK57892D0 (da) | 1992-05-01 | 1992-05-01 | Nkt Res Center As | Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af 1,4-bis-aryl-butan-1,4-dioner og poly(arylen-butan-1,4-dioner) |
ES2157345T3 (es) * | 1994-10-07 | 2001-08-16 | Meiji Seika Co | Compuestos de gamma-dicetona con actividad inhibidora contra la agregacion de plaquetas. |
WO1996021665A1 (en) | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-18 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Turcasarins, novel expanded porphyrins, and uses thereof |
US5668148A (en) | 1995-04-20 | 1997-09-16 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Alpha1a adrenergic receptor antagonists |
US5585118A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1996-12-17 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Choline in the treatment of bipolar disorder |
US5668165A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-09-16 | Scriptgen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Small molecule inhibition of RNA/ligand binding |
JP3964478B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-30 | 2007-08-22 | エーザイ・アール・アンド・ディー・マネジメント株式会社 | ヘテロ環含有カルボン酸誘導体及びそれを含有する医薬 |
AU719396B2 (en) | 1996-02-19 | 2000-05-11 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Therapeutic agent for diabetes |
ES2205240T3 (es) | 1996-06-03 | 2004-05-01 | Purdue Research Foundation | Agentes anti-tumorales de selenofenos. |
US6620804B2 (en) | 1996-06-03 | 2003-09-16 | Purdue Research Foundation | Selenophene anti-tumor agents |
US6440102B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2002-08-27 | Durect Corporation | Fluid transfer and diagnostic system for treating the inner ear |
US6310049B1 (en) | 1998-08-11 | 2001-10-30 | Nihon Bayer Agrochem K.K. | Nematicidal pyrazoles |
EP1127054A4 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2006-11-02 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | INHIBITORS OF IMPDH ENZYME |
DE19853299C2 (de) | 1998-11-19 | 2003-04-03 | Thomas Lenarz | Katheter zur Applikation von Medikamenten in Flüssigkeitsräumen des menschlichen Innenohrs |
US6120484A (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2000-09-19 | Silverstein; Herbert | Otological implant for delivery of medicament and method of using same |
CA2370500A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2001-01-04 | Lekhanh O. Tran | 1-(aromatic- or heteroaromatic-substituted)-3-(heteroaromatic substituted)-1,3-propanediones and uses thereof |
EP1067195B1 (de) | 1999-07-09 | 2006-09-20 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Verfahren zur Reduktion von Ketogruppen enthaltende Verbindungen |
KR100649927B1 (ko) | 1999-07-13 | 2006-11-27 | 론자 아게 | 2-아미노-4-(4-플루오르페닐)-6-알킬피리미딘-5-카르복실레이트의 제조 방법 |
DE60019505T2 (de) * | 1999-08-06 | 2005-09-15 | Ciba Speciality Chemicals Holding Inc. | Mikrobizide Wirksubstanzen |
AUPQ288499A0 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 1999-10-07 | Biota Scientific Management Pty Ltd | Antiviral agents |
DE60025744D1 (de) | 1999-10-07 | 2006-04-13 | Lilly Co Eli | Kondensierte dihydrochinolinon-derivate zur hemmung von mrp1 |
US6268375B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-31 | Research Triangle Institute | 10, 11-difluoromethylenedioxycamptothecin compounds with topoisomerase I inhibition |
US6967023B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2005-11-22 | Foamix, Ltd. | Pharmaceutical and cosmetic carrier or composition for topical application |
YU54202A (sh) | 2000-01-18 | 2006-01-16 | Agouron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Jedinjenja indazola, farmaceutske smeše i postupci za stimulisanje i inhibiranje ćelijske proliferacije |
JP2001294581A (ja) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-23 | Nippon Bayer Agrochem Co Ltd | イソチアゾール誘導体 |
US6794362B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2004-09-21 | Connective Tissue Imagineering Llc | Asparagine containing elastin peptide analogs |
WO2002002533A1 (fr) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-10 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Derives de propane-1,3-dione |
DE10059749A1 (de) | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Fixierung von Wirkstoffen an fasrigen Materialien |
EP1372655B1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2008-10-01 | Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. | Cathepsin cysteine protease inhibitors |
DE60223790D1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2008-01-10 | Vertex Pharma | Hemmer von c-jun-terminal kinase (jnk) und andere protein kinase |
EP2295550A3 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2011-12-14 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Crystal structures of GSK-3beta protein and protein complexes and their use |
US6987123B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2006-01-17 | Cadila Healthcare Limited | Heterocyclic compounds, their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in medicine |
WO2003016266A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-27 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | β-KETOAMIDE COMPOUNDS AND MEDICINAL USE THEREOF |
US6648873B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-11-18 | Durect Corp. | Aural catheter system including anchor balloon and balloon inflation device |
CN1599602A (zh) | 2001-10-11 | 2005-03-23 | 钟渊化学工业株式会社 | 过氧化物酶体增殖剂应答性受体配体剂及其制备方法 |
CN1155590C (zh) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-06-30 | 中国药科大学 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的色酮类化合物及其开环产物与制备方法 |
EP1534680B1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2012-02-22 | Pharmaco Investments, Inc. | Prenylation inhibitors and methods of their synthesis and use |
US20040266732A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2004-12-30 | Jorge Galvez | Therapeutic agents, methods, and treatments |
FR2849598B1 (fr) | 2003-01-07 | 2006-09-22 | Merck Sante Sas | Utilisation d'inhibiteurs de la kynurenine-3-hydroxylase pour le traitement du diabete, par augmentation du nombre de cellules des ilots de langerhans |
US20040224003A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-11-11 | Schultz Robert K. | Drug formulations for coating medical devices |
DE602004012083T2 (de) * | 2003-04-15 | 2009-04-23 | Astrazeneca Ab | Neue Verbindungen, die als Verstärker von Glutamatrezeptoren dienen |
RU2356889C2 (ru) | 2003-07-17 | 2009-05-27 | Плекссикон, Инк. | Соединения, являющиеся активными по отношению к рецепторам, активируемым пролифератором пероксисом |
US7008953B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2006-03-07 | Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 3, 5 Disubstituted indazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for mediating or inhibiting cell proliferation |
US8841326B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2014-09-23 | Stc.Unm | Therapeutic curcumin derivatives |
US20060276536A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2006-12-07 | Vander Jagt David L | Cancer treatment using curcumin derivatives |
JP2007526324A (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | スミスクライン・ビーチャム・コーポレイション | Akt活性のある阻害剤 |
ZA200609924B (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2008-12-31 | Univ California | Substituted enaminones, their derivatives and uses thereof |
EP1752452A4 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2010-07-14 | Astellas Pharma Inc | DERIVATIVE OF PROPANE-1, 3-DIONE OR ITS SALT |
DE102004029309A1 (de) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-29 | Bayer Cropscience Gmbh | Pyridinylisoxazole und ihre Verwendung als Herbizide |
WO2006002119A2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Gpc Biotech, Inc. | Kinase inhibitors for treating cancers |
US7915255B2 (en) | 2004-08-16 | 2011-03-29 | Verva Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd | Metabolism-modulating agents and uses therefor |
FR2880802B1 (fr) | 2005-01-14 | 2008-12-19 | Sederma Soc Par Actions Simpli | Composition cosmetique ou dermopharmaceutique contenant un extrait d'euglene |
JP2008094720A (ja) | 2005-01-20 | 2008-04-24 | Astellas Pharma Inc | キノロン誘導体のプロドラッグ又はその塩 |
CA2594963A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Neurosystec Corporation | Apparatus and method for delivering therapeutic and/or other agents to the inner ear and to other tissues |
RU2007124935A (ru) | 2005-02-01 | 2009-03-10 | Вайет (Us) | АМИНОПИРИДИНЫ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИНГИБИТОРОВ β-СЕКТРЕТАЗЫ |
PL1864976T3 (pl) | 2005-03-31 | 2013-03-29 | Astellas Pharma Inc | Pochodna propano-1,3-dionu lub jej sól |
WO2007000998A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-04 | Tohoku University | ビス(アリールメチリデン)アセトン化合物、抗癌剤、発癌予防剤、Ki-Ras、ErbB2、c-Myc及びCyclinD1の発現抑制剤、β-カテニン分解剤並びにp53の発現増強剤 |
DE102005031580A1 (de) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | Aicuris Gmbh & Co. Kg | Substituierte Sulfolanylpyrazole und ihre Verwendung |
NZ566180A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2011-04-29 | Resverlogix Corp | Pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases and their delivery by insertable medical devices |
WO2007051314A1 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | American Diagnostica Inc. | Curcuminoid compounds for inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
ES2353549T3 (es) | 2005-11-10 | 2011-03-03 | Chemocentryx, Inc. | Quinolonas sustituidas y métodos de uso. |
WO2007103584A2 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-13 | Nanovir, Llc | Polyamides for treating human papilloma virus |
KR20080109918A (ko) | 2006-04-11 | 2008-12-17 | 버텍스 파마슈티칼스 인코포레이티드 | 전압 개폐 나트륨 채널의 억제제로서 유용한 조성물 |
JP2008007428A (ja) | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-17 | Showa Denko Kk | 皮膚外用シワ防止剤 |
JPWO2008020625A1 (ja) | 2006-08-17 | 2010-01-07 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | ジベンゾイルメタン系化合物とそれを有効成分とする医薬組成物 |
JP5324220B2 (ja) | 2006-08-30 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | シワ形成抑制剤 |
US7875603B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2011-01-25 | Nova Southeastern University | Specific inhibitors for vascular endothelial growth factor receptors |
JP5207341B2 (ja) | 2006-10-26 | 2013-06-12 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 炎症性サイトカイン産生抑制剤 |
JP5231829B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-15 | 2013-07-10 | 石原産業株式会社 | ピリジル−トリアゾロピリミジン誘導体又はその塩、それらを含有する有害生物防除剤並びにそれらの製造方法 |
WO2008118626A2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-10-02 | Burnham Institute For Medical Research | Inhibitors of jnk and methods for identifying inhibitors of jnk |
JP5309318B2 (ja) | 2007-03-09 | 2013-10-09 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | エステル、カルボン酸及びアミドの製造方法 |
KR101404398B1 (ko) | 2007-06-20 | 2014-06-09 | (주)뉴트리 | 주름개선 화장료 조성물 |
EP2567709B1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2017-12-27 | Novartis AG | Molecules and methods for modulating low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) |
EA201000673A1 (ru) | 2007-11-05 | 2011-04-29 | Новартис Аг | СПОСОБЫ И КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ АКТИВАЦИИ Wnt И ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ Wnt-ОПОСРЕДОВАННЫХ РАКОВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ |
EP2240276B1 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2020-12-02 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Iron and copper catalytic systems for cross-coupling reactions |
JP2009179619A (ja) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 新規オキシムエステル化合物およびそれを含んでなるラジカル重合開始剤および重合性組成物 |
JP2011513320A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2011-04-28 | シェーリング−プラウ ヘルスケア プロダクツ,インコーポレイテッド | アボベンゾンを含有するサンケア組成物の増強された光安定性 |
EP2291349A2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2011-03-09 | The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System | Small molecule inhibitors of the pleckstrin homology domain and methods for using same |
EP2271341B1 (en) | 2008-05-08 | 2016-08-17 | Nova Southeastern University | Specific inhibitors for vascular endothelial growth factor receptors |
CN102271668B (zh) | 2008-11-05 | 2015-01-07 | 南加州大学 | 表观遗传调控的小分子调节剂和其治疗应用 |
WO2010075551A1 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2010-07-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Compositions of modulators of the wnt/beta-catenin pathway and benzamide and/or hydroxamic acid derivatives to treat bipolar disorder |
JP5246715B2 (ja) | 2009-01-27 | 2013-07-24 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 蛋白質架橋阻害剤およびその用途 |
UA103918C2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2013-12-10 | Айерем Элелси | N-(hetero)aryl, 2-(hetero)aryl-substituted acetamides for use as wnt signaling modulators |
WO2011009826A2 (en) | 2009-07-21 | 2011-01-27 | ADAMED Sp.z o.o. | Novel chalcone derivatives with cytotoxic activity |
RU2016124136A (ru) | 2010-08-18 | 2018-12-03 | СЭМЬЮМЕД, ЭлЭлСи | Дикетоны и гидроксикетоны в качестве активатора сигнального пути катенина |
KR101784940B1 (ko) | 2010-08-31 | 2017-10-12 | (주)아모레퍼시픽 | 피부 탄력 개선용 화장료 조성물 |
ES2734878T3 (es) | 2011-02-01 | 2019-12-12 | Univ Illinois | Derivados de N-hidroxibenzamida como inhibidores de HDAC y métodos terapéuticos que utilizan los mismos |
US8871748B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2014-10-28 | Island Kinetics Inc. | Retinal cyclodextrin acetals and hemiacetals for treating skin complexion disorder |
US9668691B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2017-06-06 | Lvmh Recherche | Method to measure skin elasticity and firmness |
US9290427B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2016-03-22 | Universiteit Gent | Anti-invasive compounds |
US20130302381A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Implantable Medical Devices Including a Water-Insoluble Therapeutic Agent |
US8865700B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-10-21 | Avon Products, Inc. | Collagen stimulators and their use in the treatment of skin |
ME03394B (me) | 2013-02-22 | 2020-01-20 | Medimmune Ltd | Antidllз-antitelo-pbd konjugati i nihovа upotreba |
HUE042001T2 (hu) | 2013-02-22 | 2019-06-28 | Samumed Llc | Gamma-diketonok Wnt/béta-katenin jelátviteli útvonal aktivátorokként |
AU2014220735B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2017-06-22 | H. Lundbeck A/S | Vortioxetine manufacturing process |
MA38347A1 (fr) | 2013-02-22 | 2017-10-31 | Pfizer | Dérivés de pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine en tant qu'inhibiteurs de janus kinases (jak) |
MX368248B (es) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-09-25 | Samumed Llc | Gamma-dicetonas para tratamiento y prevencion de piel envejecida y arrugas. |
-
2011
- 2011-08-17 RU RU2016124136A patent/RU2016124136A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-17 SM SM20180065T patent/SMT201800065T1/it unknown
- 2011-08-17 HU HUE17193280A patent/HUE054810T2/hu unknown
- 2011-08-17 DK DK17193280.9T patent/DK3311666T3/da active
- 2011-08-17 SI SI201131978T patent/SI3311666T1/sl unknown
- 2011-08-17 CN CN201180050153.1A patent/CN103153053B/zh active Active
- 2011-08-17 MX MX2016010036A patent/MX354133B/es unknown
- 2011-08-17 SM SM20210363T patent/SMT202100363T1/it unknown
- 2011-08-17 PT PT118187277T patent/PT2605652T/pt unknown
- 2011-08-17 LT LTEP17193280.9T patent/LT3311666T/lt unknown
- 2011-08-17 LT LTEP11818727.7T patent/LT2605652T/lt unknown
- 2011-08-17 ES ES17193280T patent/ES2879314T3/es active Active
- 2011-08-17 CN CN201510019522.0A patent/CN104672202B/zh active Active
- 2011-08-17 PL PL11818727T patent/PL2605652T3/pl unknown
- 2011-08-17 EP EP21167222.5A patent/EP3915367A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-17 SI SI201131411T patent/SI2605652T1/en unknown
- 2011-08-17 AU AU2011291989A patent/AU2011291989B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-08-17 CA CA2807419A patent/CA2807419C/en active Active
- 2011-08-17 NO NO11818727A patent/NO2605652T3/no unknown
- 2011-08-17 PL PL17193280T patent/PL3311666T3/pl unknown
- 2011-08-17 EP EP17193280.9A patent/EP3311666B8/en active Active
- 2011-08-17 JP JP2013524961A patent/JP6086864B2/ja active Active
- 2011-08-17 PT PT171932809T patent/PT3311666T/pt unknown
- 2011-08-17 EP EP11818727.7A patent/EP2605652B1/en active Active
- 2011-08-17 BR BR112013003631-1A patent/BR112013003631B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-08-17 DK DK11818727.7T patent/DK2605652T3/en active
- 2011-08-17 RS RS20180111A patent/RS56855B1/sr unknown
- 2011-08-17 ES ES11818727.7T patent/ES2652363T3/es active Active
- 2011-08-17 RU RU2013111835/04A patent/RU2592694C2/ru active
- 2011-08-17 MX MX2013001940A patent/MX340997B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-08-17 US US13/211,665 patent/US8609717B2/en active Active
- 2011-08-17 WO PCT/US2011/048086 patent/WO2012024404A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-17 HU HUE11818727A patent/HUE036240T2/hu unknown
- 2011-08-17 RS RS20210743A patent/RS62051B1/sr unknown
-
2013
- 2013-09-05 US US14/019,092 patent/US8629176B1/en active Active
- 2013-11-21 US US14/086,529 patent/US8921413B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-19 US US14/547,858 patent/US9303010B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-19 US US14/547,951 patent/US9493437B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-09-16 JP JP2016181627A patent/JP6162306B2/ja active Active
- 2016-11-11 US US15/349,118 patent/US9884053B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-06-14 JP JP2017116469A patent/JP6407361B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-12-27 US US15/855,463 patent/US10314832B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-01 HR HRP20180196TT patent/HRP20180196T1/hr unknown
- 2018-02-07 CY CY20181100153T patent/CY1120061T1/el unknown
- 2018-10-24 HK HK18113605.0A patent/HK1254638A1/zh unknown
-
2019
- 2019-06-04 US US16/430,741 patent/US20200121663A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2020
- 2020-12-07 US US17/113,895 patent/US20210353604A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2021
- 2021-06-15 HR HRP20210955TT patent/HRP20210955T1/hr unknown
- 2021-06-29 CY CY20211100579T patent/CY1124466T1/el unknown
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104672202B (zh) | 作为联蛋白信号通路激活剂的二酮与羟基酮 | |
DK2968249T3 (en) | GAMMA DIKETONS AS WNT / BETA-CATENIN SIGNAL ROAD ACTIVATORS | |
AU2018200333B2 (en) | Diketones and hydroxyketones as catenin signaling pathway activators |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |