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CN104638058A - 一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法 - Google Patents

一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法 Download PDF

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CN104638058A
CN104638058A CN201310570979.1A CN201310570979A CN104638058A CN 104638058 A CN104638058 A CN 104638058A CN 201310570979 A CN201310570979 A CN 201310570979A CN 104638058 A CN104638058 A CN 104638058A
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diffusion
temperature
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梁坚
许国其
顾冬生
王豪兵
戴王帅
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Jiangsu Tianyu Photovoltaic Science & Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/20Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials
    • H01L31/202Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/22Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
    • H01L21/228Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a liquid phase, e.g. alloy diffusion processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法,包括超声波清洗,碱液清洗,酸液清洗,甩干机甩干,扩散炉扩散制结,刻蚀,二次清洗,镀减反射膜,丝网印刷,烧结以及成品,其改进在技术点在于:扩散炉中的温度控制在800~850℃之间,气体流量控制在800~1000sccm,经过测试,该范围的温度和流量是扩散炉内最佳的扩散温度和扩散流量,可提高方块电阻,从而提高光电的转换效率,生产的电池的质量也因此提高。

Description

一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池,尤其设计一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法。
背景技术
单晶硅太阳能电池,是以高纯的单晶硅棒为原料的太阳能电池,是当前开发得最快的一种太阳能电池。它的构造和生产工艺已定型,产品已广泛用于空间和地面,因而其性能的不断提高也将是光电领域目前所必需解决的问题,目前的单晶硅电池生产技术已经基本成熟,但是因其成本较高,目前还未广泛应用到各个领域,在单晶硅太阳能电池的生产中,如何能够提高光的转换效率一直是个研究的课题。
发明内容
针对目前单晶硅电池存在的转换效率的问题,本发明提供一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法,包括以下步骤:
a、超声波清洗:0.25%质量体积比的NaOH加4%体积比的H2O2溶液,温度60摄氏度,时间1min,清除硅片表面的油污及手指印;
b、碱液清洗:2%质量分数的NaOH溶液加1-2%体积分数的TS4制绒催化剂,温度80摄氏度,时间20min,腐蚀硅片表面,形成金字塔状的绒面,增大受光面积;
c、酸液清洗:,16%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)及28%体积分数的盐酸(浓度37%)各酸洗5min,去除硅片表面的氧化层及金属离子;
d、甩干机甩干:利用离心力在甩干机中甩干2-3min;
e、扩散炉扩散制结:扩散炉中的温度控制在800~850℃之间,携源(三氯氧磷源)气体流量控制在800~1000sccm时间为10分钟,形成高方阻(80-85方块电阻)的PN结;
f、刻蚀:使用等离子体气体CF4,刻蚀硅片的周边,去除硅片四周的PN结;
g、二次清洗:10%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)去除扩散制结后在硅片表面形成的一层磷硅玻璃;
h、镀减反射膜:硅片的扩散面镀上一层Si3N4减反射膜,起钝化和减反射的效果;
i、 丝网印刷:在硅片的正面印刷上特定图形的正电极银浆,在硅片的背面印刷上特定图形的背电极银浆和背钝化铝浆,并烘干;
j、烧结:分为烘干、烧结和降温冷却三个阶段,形成欧姆接触,其中烧结阶段的炉内温度控制在900~950℃;
k、成品包装。
进一步,步骤e中扩散炉上设置有温度控制器以及流量控制器,控制扩散炉内部的温度和气体通入量。
进一步,步骤e中通入的携源气体为氮气、反应气体为氧气,其中氧气与氮气的比为3:5。
本发明的有益效果是:控制扩散炉内的温度保持在800~850℃之间,控制气体流量在800-1000sccm之间,因为经过实验,温度过高,气体流量过大,方块电阻越小,会产生较多的电子复合中心,PN结的质量会比较差,电池的光电转换效率会降低,温度过低,气体流量过小,方块电阻过大,磷原子扩散不进去,结的质量同样会差,光电转换效率同样会降低,因此,测试得知扩散炉中的温度应该控制在最佳的800~850℃;最佳气体流量应该控制在800-1000sccm,对温度和流量进行控制,取其最佳数值,制作低复合中心且高质量的PN结,光电转换效率高,使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法,包括以下步骤:
a、超声波清洗:0.25%质量体积比的NaOH加4%体积比的H2O2溶液,温度60摄氏度,时间1min,清除硅片表面的油污及手指印;
b、碱液清洗:2%质量分数的NaOH溶液加1-2%体积分数的TS4制绒催化剂,温度80摄氏度,时间20min,腐蚀硅片表面,形成金字塔状的绒面,增大受光面积;
c、酸液清洗:,16%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)及28%体积分数的盐酸(浓度37%)各酸洗5min,去除硅片表面的氧化层及金属离子;
d、甩干机甩干:利用离心力在甩干机中甩干2-3min;
e、扩散炉扩散制结:扩散炉中的温度控制在800-850℃之间,气体流量控制在800-1000sccm,扩散炉上设置有温度控制器以及流量控制器,控制扩散炉内部的温度和气体通入量,便于控制温度和流量,通入的携源气体为氮气、反应气体为氧气,其中氧气与氮气的比为3:5,氮气用来将三氯化氧磷液体携带进扩散炉,高温下氧气与三氯化氧磷反应生成磷原子,为了避免产生大量的五氯化磷,氧气要适量;
 f、刻蚀:去除硅片侧面边缘的PN结,因为侧面边缘的PN结漏电,采用等离子体干法刻蚀;
g、二次清洗:10%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)去除扩散制结后在硅片表面形成的一层磷硅玻璃;
h、镀减反射膜:在硅片表面镀层氮化硅,防止光被反射出去降低光电的转化效率;
 i、丝网印刷:在硅片的正面印刷上特定图形的正电极银浆,在硅片的背面印刷上特定图形的背电极银浆和背钝化铝浆,并烘干;
j、烧结:分为烘干、烧结和降温冷却三个阶段,形成欧姆接触,其中烧结阶段的炉内温度控制在900~950℃;
k、成品包装。
以上列举的仅是本发明的一个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
超声波清洗:0.25%质量体积比的NaOH加4%体积比的H2O2溶液,温度60摄氏度,时间1min,清除硅片表面的油污及手指印;
碱液清洗:2%质量分数的NaOH溶液加1-2%体积分数的TS4制绒催化剂,温度80摄氏度,时间20min,腐蚀硅片表面,形成金字塔状的绒面,增大受光面积;
酸液清洗:,16%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)及28%体积分数的盐酸(浓度37%)各酸洗5min,去除硅片表面的氧化层及金属离子;
甩干机甩干:利用离心力在甩干机中甩干2-3min;
扩散炉扩散制结:扩散炉中的温度控制在800~850℃之间,携源(三氯氧磷源)气体流量控制在800~1000sccm时间为10分钟,形成高方阻(80-85方块电阻)的PN结;
刻蚀:使用等离子体气体CF4,刻蚀硅片的周边,去除硅片四周的PN结;
二次清洗:10%体积分数的氢氟酸(浓度49%)去除扩散制结后在硅片表面形成的一层磷硅玻璃;
镀减反射膜:硅片的扩散面镀上一层Si3N4减反射膜,起钝化和减反射的效果;
丝网印刷:在硅片的正面印刷上特定图形的正电极银浆,在硅片的背面印刷上特定图形的背电极银浆和背钝化铝浆,并烘干;
烧结:分为烘干、烧结和降温冷却三个阶段,形成欧姆接触,其中烧结阶段的炉内温度控制在900~950℃;
成品包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高方阻扩散工艺方法,其特征在于:步骤e中扩散炉上设置有温度控制器以及流量控制器,控制扩散炉内部的温度和气体通入量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高方阻扩散工艺方法,其特征在于:步骤e中通入的携源气体为氮气、反应气体为氧气,其中氧气与氮气的比为3:5。
CN201310570979.1A 2013-11-15 2013-11-15 一种降低成本提高转换效率的高方阻扩散工艺方法 Pending CN104638058A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113206169A (zh) * 2021-04-18 2021-08-03 安徽华晟新能源科技有限公司 一种铝吸杂方法和铝吸杂设备

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Application publication date: 20150520