CN104612938A

CN104612938A - Tilting tray compressor for refrigeration system

Info

Publication number: CN104612938A
Application number: CN201510058127.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张义林; 王文
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Current assignee: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Priority date: 2015-02-04
Filing date: 2015-02-04
Publication date: 2015-05-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system in the technical field of compressors, comprising: a cylinder body, a piston, a piston disc, a bearing, a rotating shaft and a swash plate, the rotating shaft is provided with a flow passage, and the One end is connected to the swash plate, and the other end has a flow channel and is connected to the bearing in the cylinder body. The invention can improve the volumetric efficiency and displacement of the swash plate compressor by making full use of the high-pressure gas in the clearance cavity. The application of the invention can improve the operating performance of the swash plate compressor, play a role in energy saving, and has positive significance for the miniaturization of the compressor.

Description

Swash plate compressors for refrigeration systems

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及压缩机技术领域的装置，尤其涉及一种用于制冷系统的斜盘压缩机。The invention relates to a device in the technical field of compressors, in particular to a swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system.

背景技术Background technique

斜盘压缩机是一种往复式活塞压缩机，是汽车空调压缩机的主要结构型式。随着环保要求和汽油价格的不断上涨，提高斜盘压缩机性能成为发展高性能汽车空调系统重中之重。The swash plate compressor is a reciprocating piston compressor, which is the main structural type of the automotive air-conditioning compressor. With the continuous rise of environmental protection requirements and gasoline prices, improving the performance of the swash plate compressor has become the top priority in the development of high-performance automotive air-conditioning systems.

为防止液击和撞缸，斜盘压缩机内余隙容积的存在是不可避免的。针对余隙容积的研究，一直是提高压缩机性能的重要方面，主要途径包括尽可能减小余隙容积的体积和充分利用余隙腔内高压气体。受限于压缩机的工作原理和加工精度，减小余隙腔体积带来的压缩机性能提高相对较小。In order to prevent liquid hammer and cylinder collision, the existence of clearance volume in the swash plate compressor is unavoidable. The research on the clearance volume has always been an important aspect to improve the performance of the compressor. The main ways include reducing the volume of the clearance volume as much as possible and making full use of the high-pressure gas in the clearance chamber. Due to the limitation of the working principle and machining accuracy of the compressor, the performance improvement of the compressor brought about by reducing the volume of the clearance cavity is relatively small.

传统斜盘压缩机热力过程中，排气过程结束后，余隙腔内气体进入近似绝热膨胀过程，气体压力随着腔体体积的增大而不断减小，直至达到进气压力，然后压缩机开始吸气过程。因此，压缩机的吸气容积由于余隙容积内高压气体的存在而减小，导致斜盘压缩机效率有所降低。为了提高压缩机的有效吸气容积和单腔排气量，应使膨胀过程结束时刻的腔体体积尽可能接近排气过程结束时体积。In the thermal process of the traditional swash plate compressor, after the exhaust process is completed, the gas in the clearance cavity enters an approximately adiabatic expansion process, and the gas pressure decreases continuously with the increase of the cavity volume until it reaches the intake pressure, and then the compressor Start the inhalation process. Therefore, the suction volume of the compressor is reduced due to the presence of high-pressure gas in the clearance volume, resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of the swash plate compressor. In order to increase the effective suction volume and single-cavity displacement of the compressor, the cavity volume at the end of the expansion process should be as close as possible to the volume at the end of the exhaust process.

斜盘压缩机属于多腔压缩机，每一个工作腔以一定的相位差独立完成循环过程。也就是说，当一个腔体处于排气过程结束时刻，一定存在一个腔体处于吸气过程的结束时刻或是压缩过程的开始时刻。此时，余隙腔内的气体压力明显高于压缩腔。为此引入串流设计，将余隙腔内的高压气体通过某种方式流入压缩腔内，可使压缩腔内气体压力明显提高，余隙腔内气体压力迅速降低，吸气和排气时间增长，容积效率和制冷量也会有大幅提高。The swash plate compressor is a multi-cavity compressor, and each working chamber independently completes the cycle process with a certain phase difference. That is to say, when a cavity is at the end of the exhaust process, there must be a cavity at the end of the suction process or the beginning of the compression process. At this time, the gas pressure in the clearance chamber is obviously higher than that in the compression chamber. To this end, the serial flow design is introduced, and the high-pressure gas in the clearance chamber flows into the compression chamber in a certain way, which can significantly increase the gas pressure in the compression chamber, rapidly reduce the gas pressure in the clearance chamber, and increase the time of inhalation and exhaust. , the volumetric efficiency and cooling capacity will also be greatly improved.

文献《Application of Overflow in Multi-cylinder Mini Compressor》(ICE 24-ICMC2012,May 2012.Fukuoka,Japan.)中通过理论推导和数值模拟对串流对斜盘压缩机性能的提高进行了分析讨论。实际应用中斜盘压缩机一般采用奇数腔(5或者7腔)，当排气结束时，一定存在一个腔体处于压缩过程的开始阶段，此时余隙腔与该压缩腔发生串流。理论分析得到，斜盘压缩机的容积效率、单腔排气量和系统COP之比(带串流压缩机和传统压缩机)与压比、相对余隙容积、串流度(串流完成的程度)以及串流结束时压缩腔体积与腔体最大体积之比有关，如下式(1)-(3)所示。In the document "Application of Overflow in Multi-cylinder Mini Compressor" (ICE 24-ICMC2012, May 2012. Fukuoka, Japan.), the improvement of the performance of the swash plate compressor by serial flow is analyzed and discussed through theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. In practical applications, swash plate compressors generally use an odd number of cavities (5 or 7 cavities). When the exhaust is completed, there must be a cavity at the beginning of the compression process. At this time, the clearance cavity and the compression cavity have a cross flow. Theoretical analysis shows that the volumetric efficiency of the swash plate compressor, the single-cavity displacement and the system COP ratio (compressor with serial flow and traditional compressor) and the pressure ratio, relative clearance volume, degree of cross-flow (completed by cross-flow degree) and the ratio of the volume of the compression cavity to the maximum volume of the cavity at the end of the cross-flow, as shown in the following formulas (1)-(3).

$\frac{{η η}_{V V,, r r}^{' '}}{{η η}_{V V}} = = \frac{11 - - δ δ (({φ φ}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - 11))}{11 - - δ δ (({γ γ}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - 11))} - - - - - - ((11))$

$\frac{{V V}_{d d,, r r}^{' '}}{{V V}_{d d}} = = \frac{χ χ {(({ψγ ψγ}^{- - 11}))}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - β β}{{((γ γ))}^{- - \frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - β β} - - - - - - ((22))$

$\frac{{COP COP}_{r r}^{' '}}{{COP COP}_{r r}} = = \frac{[[{χ χ (({ψγ ψγ}^{- - 11}))}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - β β]] ((γ γ - - {γ γ}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}}))}{χ χ (({γ γ}^{11 - - \frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} {ψ ψ}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}} - - ψ ψ)) - - β β ((φ φ - - {φ φ}^{\frac{11}{{n no}_{e e}}})) + + {χ χ}^{11 - - {n no}_{e e}} - - 11} - - - - - - ((33))$

其中， $φ = \frac{γλ (β - χ) + γχ + λ χ^{1 - n_{e}}}{χ + λβ}, ψ = \frac{γλβ + χ^{1 - n_{e}}}{λβ + χ} .$ in, $φ = \frac{γλ (β - χ) + γχ + λ χ^{1 - {no}_{e}}}{χ + λβ}, ψ = \frac{γλβ + χ^{1 - {no}_{e}}}{λβ + χ} .$

假定串流充分完成，串流结束时压缩腔体积与腔体最大体积之比为0.9，压比和相对余隙容积分别为5和5％时，斜盘压缩机的容积效率和排气量分别提高约12.5％和15.3％，而系统COP有所降低，约5％。在斜盘压缩机中设置串流通道后，压缩机的容积效率和单腔排气量均有明显提高，而系统COP有所降低，但其降低的幅度远小于容积效率和排气量提高的幅度。因此，在相同的运行和外形参数的基础上，带串流斜盘压缩机的制冷量明显大于传统压缩机，有利于斜盘压缩机的小型化。Assuming that the cross-flow is fully completed, when the ratio of the volume of the compression chamber to the maximum volume of the chamber is 0.9 at the end of the cross-flow, and the pressure ratio and relative clearance volume are 5 and 5%, respectively, the volumetric efficiency and displacement of the swash plate compressor are Increased by about 12.5% and 15.3%, while the system COP decreased by about 5%. After setting the cross-flow channel in the swash plate compressor, the volumetric efficiency and single-cavity displacement of the compressor are significantly improved, while the system COP is reduced, but the reduction is far less than the increase in volumetric efficiency and displacement. magnitude. Therefore, on the basis of the same operation and shape parameters, the refrigerating capacity of the swash plate compressor with serial flow is significantly larger than that of the traditional compressor, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the swash plate compressor.

因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种充分利用余隙容积内高压气体的串流设计，以提高斜盘压缩机性能。Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoting themselves to developing a series flow design that fully utilizes the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume to improve the performance of the swash plate compressor.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提高斜盘压缩机性能，从而提高汽车空调系统的整体性能，达到节能的目的。In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the performance of the swash plate compressor, thereby improving the overall performance of the automobile air-conditioning system and achieving the purpose of energy saving.

为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种充分利用余隙容积内高压气体的串流设计，该设计可使余隙容积内的高压气体和压缩腔内的低压气体充分混合，提高斜盘压缩机性能。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a series flow design that makes full use of the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume. This design can fully mix the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume and the low-pressure gas in the compression chamber, and improve the performance of the swash plate compressor. performance.

本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：提供了一种用于制冷系统的斜盘压缩机包括汽缸体、活塞、活塞盘、轴承、旋转轴和旋转斜盘，其中，活塞盘位于旋转斜盘的下方，活塞盘随旋转斜盘旋转；活塞布置于活塞盘上，活塞数量一般多于两个，活塞通过活塞盘的旋转而往复运动；汽缸体和活塞下方连接，用以容纳活塞；旋转轴上带有串流通道，一端连接在旋转刻盘上，另一端与汽缸体底部的轴承连接，旋转轴接收来自驱动源的旋转驱动力而带动活塞盘与旋转斜盘旋转。The present invention is achieved through the following technical proposals: a swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system is provided, including a cylinder block, a piston, a piston disc, a bearing, a rotating shaft and a swash plate, wherein the piston disc is located at the bottom of the swash plate Below, the piston disk rotates with the swash plate; the pistons are arranged on the piston disk, and the number of pistons is generally more than two, and the pistons reciprocate through the rotation of the piston disk; the cylinder block is connected with the bottom of the piston to accommodate the piston; With a flow channel, one end is connected to the rotating dial, and the other end is connected to the bearing at the bottom of the cylinder block. The rotating shaft receives the rotational driving force from the driving source to drive the piston disc and the swash plate to rotate.

进一步地，在旋转轴上和活塞所在腔体内设置串流通道，且串流通道设置在余隙腔高度范围内。Further, a cross-flow channel is set on the rotating shaft and in the cavity where the piston is located, and the cross-flow channel is set within the height range of the clearance cavity.

进一步地，在汽缸体的各个腔体底部开有串流口，其高度应保证串流口在余隙腔内。Further, there is a cross-flow port at the bottom of each cavity of the cylinder block, and its height should ensure that the cross-flow port is in the clearance cavity.

更进一步地，串流通道的高度小于余隙腔高度。Furthermore, the height of the flow channel is smaller than that of the clearance cavity.

进一步地，活塞盘与旋转斜盘能够相对于旋转轴倾斜。Furthermore, the piston disk and the swash plate can be tilted relative to the rotation axis.

优选地，旋转轴和汽缸体内表面采用间隙密封或油膜密封，需保证较高的加工精度，达到密封的效果，其表面加工精度为微米量级。Preferably, the rotating shaft and the inner surface of the cylinder are sealed with a gap seal or an oil film seal, which needs to ensure high machining accuracy to achieve the effect of sealing, and the surface machining accuracy is on the order of microns.

优选地，旋转轴与旋转斜盘以及轴承间安装精度高，以保证较高的同轴度。Preferably, the installation precision between the rotating shaft, the swash plate and the bearing is high, so as to ensure high coaxiality.

优选地，腔体上串流通道的长度为1-5mm，以减小余隙容积。Preferably, the length of the cross-flow channel on the cavity is 1-5mm, so as to reduce the clearance volume.

进一步地，旋转轴上串流通道为直通道或者带有一定角度的折线形通道。Further, the flow passage on the rotating shaft is a straight passage or a zigzag passage with a certain angle.

进一步地，所述的斜盘压缩机为多腔压缩机，包括5腔、6腔和7腔。Further, the swash plate compressor is a multi-chamber compressor, including 5 chambers, 6 chambers and 7 chambers.

技术效果：Technical effect:

本发明的旋转轴和汽缸体上设置的串流通道，起到将余隙容积内的高压气体和压缩腔内的低压气体混合的功能，正常运行时，随着旋转斜盘转动，当某个腔体处于排气过程结束时，该腔体上串流口和旋转轴上的串流口相连，构成联通的串流通道，余隙容积内高压气体排至串流通道内，当旋转轴上串流通道口转至此时处于压缩过程的腔体时，串流口相连，串流通道内的高压气体进入压缩腔内。本发明能够应用于具有余隙容积的多腔压缩机内，提高压缩机性能。The rotating shaft and the serial passage provided on the cylinder block of the present invention have the function of mixing the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume and the low-pressure gas in the compression chamber. During normal operation, with the rotation of the swash plate, when a certain When the cavity is at the end of the exhaust process, the serial port on the cavity is connected to the serial port on the rotating shaft to form a connected serial channel, and the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume is discharged into the serial channel. When the serial port on the rotating shaft When the flow channel port is turned to the cavity which is in the compression process at this time, the serial flow port is connected, and the high-pressure gas in the serial flow channel enters the compression chamber. The invention can be applied to multi-cavity compressors with clearance volumes to improve the performance of the compressors.

以上述文献中计算例的情况为例，在进行专利结构实施后，串流使得余隙腔内高压气体进入处于压缩过程初始阶段的低压压缩腔内，使压缩腔内气体质量增加，而余隙腔内气体质量减少，吸气和排气开始的时间均有所提前，导致吸气量和排气量的增大，从而使得压缩机的性能得到较大提高，对压缩机和制冷系统的小型化有积极意义。Taking the calculation example in the above literature as an example, after the implementation of the patented structure, the cross-flow makes the high-pressure gas in the clearance chamber enter the low-pressure compression chamber at the initial stage of the compression process, so that the gas mass in the compression chamber increases, and the clearance The gas mass in the cavity is reduced, and the start time of suction and exhaust is advanced, which leads to the increase of suction volume and exhaust volume, so that the performance of the compressor is greatly improved, and the small size of the compressor and refrigeration system has a positive meaning.

本发明的斜盘压缩机能够用于汽车空调系统中，用于提高压缩机性能，起到小型化和节能的作用。The swash plate compressor of the present invention can be used in an automobile air-conditioning system to improve the performance of the compressor and play the role of miniaturization and energy saving.

以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。The idea, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的斜盘压缩机的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of swash plate compressor of the present invention;

图2是本发明的斜盘压缩机示意内部结构的剖面图；Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the schematic internal structure of the swash plate compressor of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例1的旋转轴示意图以及示意串流通道的透视图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotating shaft and a perspective view of a schematic flow channel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图4是本发明实施例2的旋转轴示意图以及示意串流通道的透视图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rotating shaft and a perspective view of a schematic flow channel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following the described embodiment.

实施例1Example 1

如图1和图2所示，本实施例的斜盘压缩机包括：旋转斜盘1、活塞盘2、活塞3和4、汽缸体5、旋转轴6和轴承7，其中：活塞盘2位于旋转斜盘1的下方，活塞盘2随旋转斜盘1旋转；活塞3和4连接于活塞盘2的两侧，活塞3和4通过活塞盘2的旋转而往复运动；汽缸体5和活塞3和4的下方连接，用以容纳活塞3和4；旋转轴6上带有串流通道8，该串流通道8为直通道或者带有一定角度的折线形通道，旋转轴6的一端连接在旋转斜盘上1，另一端与汽缸体5底部的轴承7连接，且装配间隙需严格控制，以起到间隙密封的作用，旋转轴6接收来自驱动源的旋转驱动力而带动活塞盘2与旋转斜盘1旋转。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the swash plate compressor of this embodiment includes: a swash plate 1, a piston plate 2, pistons 3 and 4, a cylinder block 5, a rotating shaft 6 and a bearing 7, wherein: the piston plate 2 is located Below the swash plate 1, the piston plate 2 rotates with the swash plate 1; the pistons 3 and 4 are connected to both sides of the piston plate 2, and the pistons 3 and 4 reciprocate through the rotation of the piston plate 2; the cylinder body 5 and the piston 3 It is connected with the bottom of 4 to accommodate the pistons 3 and 4; the rotating shaft 6 has a flow channel 8, which is a straight channel or a zigzag channel with a certain angle, and one end of the rotating shaft 6 is connected to the 1 on the swash plate, and the other end is connected to the bearing 7 at the bottom of the cylinder block 5, and the assembly clearance must be strictly controlled to play the role of gap sealing. The rotating shaft 6 receives the rotational driving force from the driving source to drive the piston plate 2 and The swash plate 1 rotates.

如图3所示，串流通道8设置在旋转轴6的底部，其高度小于余隙腔高度，以保证串流充分完成。当活塞3处于排期结束时，串流通道8和活塞3所在腔体的串流口连接，余隙腔内高压气体进入串流通道8，腔体上串流通道8的长度为1mm。随后旋转轴6转过一定角度，串流通道8和活塞4所在腔体串流口连接，此时串流通道8内的高压气体进入该压缩腔。As shown in FIG. 3 , the cross-flow channel 8 is arranged at the bottom of the rotating shaft 6 , and its height is smaller than that of the clearance cavity, so as to ensure that the cross-flow is fully completed. When the piston 3 is at the end of the discharge period, the serial flow channel 8 is connected to the serial port of the cavity where the piston 3 is located, and the high-pressure gas in the clearance chamber enters the serial flow channel 8, and the length of the serial flow channel 8 on the cavity is 1 mm. Then the rotating shaft 6 rotates through a certain angle, and the serial flow channel 8 is connected to the serial port of the cavity where the piston 4 is located. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the serial flow channel 8 enters the compression chamber.

实施例2Example 2

如图4所示，与实施例1的区别在于旋转轴6上串流通道8的形式不同。当活塞3处于排期结束时，串流通道8和活塞3以及活塞4所在腔体的串流口连接，腔体上串流通道8的长度为5mm，此时，余隙腔内的高压气体直接串流入活塞4所在的压缩腔。As shown in FIG. 4 , the difference from Embodiment 1 lies in the form of the flow channel 8 on the rotating shaft 6 . When the piston 3 is at the end of the discharge period, the serial flow channel 8 is connected to the serial port of the cavity where the piston 3 and the piston 4 are located. The length of the serial flow channel 8 on the cavity is 5 mm. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the clearance cavity Direct serial flow into the compression chamber where the piston 4 is located.

以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A swash plate compressor for a refrigeration system, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder block, a piston, a piston disc, a bearing, a rotating shaft and a swash plate, wherein the piston disc is positioned below the swash plate , the piston disk rotates with the swash plate; the piston is arranged on the piston disk, and the piston reciprocates through the rotation of the piston disk; the cylinder block is connected to the bottom of the piston, with to accommodate the piston; there is a flow channel on the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the rotating dial, and the other end is connected to the bearing at the bottom of the cylinder block, and the rotating shaft receives The rotational driving force from the driving source drives the piston plate and the swash plate to rotate.

2. The swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the cross-flow channel is set on the rotating shaft and in the cavity where the piston is located, and the cross-flow channel is set within the clearance cavity height.

3. The swash plate compressor for a refrigeration system according to claim 2, wherein the height of the cross-flow channel is smaller than the height of the clearance cavity.

4. The swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating shaft and the internal surface of the cylinder are sealed by gap or oil film, and the surface processing accuracy is on the order of microns.

5. The swash plate compressor for refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the installation precision between the rotating shaft, the swash plate and the bearing is high to ensure a high coaxiality .

6. The swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system according to claim 3, wherein the length of the flow-through channel on the cavity is 1-5mm, so as to reduce the clearance volume.

7 . The swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system according to claim 2 , wherein the flow-through channel on the rotating shaft is a straight channel or a zigzag channel with an angle. 8 .

8 . The swash plate compressor used in a refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein the swash plate compressor is a multi-chamber compressor, and the multi-chamber compressor includes 5 chambers, 6 chambers and 7 chambers.