CN104618506A - Crowd-sourced content delivery network system, method and device - Google Patents
Crowd-sourced content delivery network system, method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system, a method, a device and a computer program product. The system, the method, the device and the computer program product are used for establishing a crowd-sourced content delivery network on a zero hop device or module closest to a terminal user. The system comprises a center and an edge. Servers or functional modules of the edge are all or partly arranged on devices or modules directly, wherein the devices or the modules are a zero hop distance away from an owner network topology and have a local area network-wide area network access function, and the devices and the modules each intelligently prefetch and/or cache content resources which the user is going to have access to or has had access to. The center manages the devices or the modules and the content resources in different modes according to different service scenes. The idle resource situations of the devices or the modules are detected and forecasted in real time or regularly, and idle resources are used for serving other users with the short topology distances in a service network. The service quality of the content distribution network is improved in most scenes, the operation expenses are saved for content providers, and meanwhile part of earnings are fed back to the users.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communication field, especially a kind of system, method and apparatus of content distributing network of mass-rent.
Background technology
In the Internet (Internet) commercial operation, because majority service all adopts C/S(client/server) pattern, bandwidth, memory capacity on the one hand due to self of the central server of minority is limited, when the user that serve thousands is up to ten thousand particularly has a large number of users request to crowd into instantaneously, be easy to the bottleneck becoming whole network service; On the other hand due to distance users geographic distance, network topology distance may be far away, and multiple ISP(Internet Service Provider may be crossed over, ISP or operator), be easy in transmission path suffer network congestion and shake, and the speed limit etc. of operator.
In these cases, user can not get good QoE(Quality of Experience, service experience quality).
The later stage nineties 20th century, the hot spot(focus of each large Web site) and flash crowd(burst access) phenomenon more and more outstanding, the bottleneck problem caused not only can break a website, even can bring the network near Domino effect-website all by disaster-stricken.
More and more outstanding in order to solve aforementioned each phenomenon, web content is caused to transmit more and more slower, serve more and more insecure problem, the father Tim Berners-Lee of World Wide Web (WWW) (World Wide Web) is in the MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) inside initiated the contest that is intended to improve internet content load mode, postgraduate Daniel Lewin and its tutor Tom Leighton of participating in this contest have established CDN(Content Delivery Network maximum in the world afterwards soon based on the achievement participating in this contest, content distributing network) company-Akamai.
Namely the basic ideas of CDN are in a network, cross-region, dispose a series of server across ISP, and with special algorithm, many for certain content copies are distributed on different server, are redirected user's request, make user can obtain content from the server nearer apart from oneself.But in topology, even if cost significant cost, this distance may not be also enough near.
After about 2005, P2P(peer-to-peer, point-to-point i.e. peer node) application of network comes into vogue and continue for a period of time.In P2P network, node is without the difference of obvious C/S, and each node can serve other nodes while acquisition data.Due to the limited storage space of external memory in the equipment of user at that time, P2P is mainly used in live streaming media scene-in this scene, particular moment the degree of overlapping of different user demands data higher.But, due to deeply by spyware(spyware or rogue software) impact, the client of most users unwilling installation (standalone) separately, P2P application loses glamour gradually.
After 2010, along with maturation and the large scale deployment of cloud computing technology, CDN manufacturer starts to merge cloud, and apply the framework of multilayer, from data center and/or the storage of edge machine room " wholesale " bandwidth sum of ISP, service " retail " to the user of cloud and content supplier (Content Provider, CP).Cloud CDN seems to have won the triumph with this network war of P2P.
But the spending building a whole set of CDN system is high, and it operation cost comprising bandwidth sum storage is also higher.Which results in majority development
countryonly have that only a few is largest, the good content supplier of profitability can afford to bear self-built or lease the expense of CDN service.
Moreover, along with the application and popularization of Wi-Fi, 3G/4G/5G network, the exponential growth of mobile device quantity, and rich media applications is popular, user to content (comprise be not limited to html web page, JS script,
figuresheet, audio frequency and video, stream and dynamic content) etc. bandwidth demand increasing.And above-mentioned technology is improved is the network speed of terminal to base station or this section of gateway, and therefore and in essence the backbone transport network of operator (ISP) (backbone network) does not broaden, after these technology are disposed, user oriented " last one kilometer bottleneck " is eased, but the thing followed be user larger flow or bandwidth demand, middle transmission backbone network faces larger impact, and content supplier can obviously increase CDN demand.
In addition, CDN is worked by the inverse linear relationship alleviating number of users/between user's request amount and the available bandwidth of fringe node-user in essence.Consequently, if the number of users of given CDN service continues to increase, its overall customer experience is inherently glided.
In recent years, in order to reduced cost, some manufacturers start the pattern attempting adopting CDN and P2P mixing.The technology merged can be divided into two kinds: a kind of is between CDN server node, use P2P transmission technology to carry out distribution, the exchange of content, and back up mutually, to improve central server (source point of content) to carry out efficiency from contents distribution to CDN end service device (fringe node).Two is in conventional P 2P network, add CDN administrative mechanism and service ability, form one centered by content distributing network, equity is transmitted as the transmission architecture at edge, makes former reciprocity transmission network have stronger content and the manageability of user, makes the flow of whole network more orderly simultaneously.
US Patent No. 2008/0155061A1 describes the system of a mixed C DN and P2P, and user is finally provide by CDN or P2P network the load and bandwidth situation of depending on both to the request of resource on earth.
The one that Chinese patent CN 200710086556.7 specifically describes in this mixed architecture carries and scheduling strategy: when the zone user of a certain fringe node service of CDN exceedes a certain threshold value, existing client end becomes P2P node, the user added after serving.
But in above method, one CDN fringe node is still the service of being structured in several provincial
administrativeon the server of the ISP machine room in region, can not cover well the edge of network, in fact user is apart from the average distance at the CDN edge served much larger than a jumping, and such as most of CDN only covers with a CDN machine room in Chengdu for the service of western part of China more than five provinces; The two P2P module construction directly uses on the equipment such as PC, PDA, smart mobile phone, panel computer of service user, so almost inevitably allow user awareness its to the use of subscriber equipment I/O and CPU, consume mobile device battery electric quantity, thus harm users is experienced; The use of three CDN and P2P all orderly, is not the scheme truly having merged CDN and P2P technology; Bandwidth scheduling between four CDN and P2P is too coarse, in real business system, in fact may not adopt so simple and fuzzy mode to dispatch the two flow.
Summary of the invention
For solving content supplier's central server bandwidth sum disposal ability bottleneck, ISP backbone network pressure is large, CDN operation and use cost high, the problems such as CDN and P2P system can not seamlessly merge, flexible dispatching, the present invention as intelligent router and web browser built the content distributing network of layering, mass-rent, and designs a whole set of commercial operation method that each side is all benefited at " zero jumps " equipment that distance terminal use is nearest.
First aspect of the present invention proposes a kind of content distribution network system of mass-rent, comprises center and peripheral two large divisions, wherein,
Center comprises the management module of edge node, and for disposing, upgrading, configure server or the process module of fringe node, the resource information of index fringe node and current state, edge part provides management that is unified or layering;
Marginal portion comprises Edge Server or edge treated module, and being directly deployed in whole or in part with owner's network topology distance is the having on equipment or module that local area network (LAN)-wide area network accesses (LAN-WAN Access) function of zero jumping (Zero Hop).
Second aspect of the present invention proposes a kind of content distributing network method, comprising:
Management and owner's network topology distance are the equipment with local area network (LAN)-wide area network access function or the module of zero jumping, and dispose functional module group thereon;
The working method of the described deployment of the specific decision functional module group thereon that distributes according to the physical characteristic of described equipment or module and history online hours, and index is carried out to the resource of which position;
The mode of determine index to resource according to business/resource characteristic of institute's service business and/or the current use of user, searching and transmitting;
The mode of acclerating section point selection/resource lookup is determined according to one or more information among the network site at described equipment or module place, connectivity, load, service capacity, stock number, resource characteristic, the owner or the distance of frequent visitor on social networks or interest domain; Need to attempt assisting between edge device or module, to set up P2P before data is transmitted according to scene to connect.
3rd aspect of the present invention also proposes a kind of content distributing network device, and it is the element of aforementioned margin or first node, and uses aforesaid method to carry out work.
4th aspect of the present invention also proposes a kind of business method of content distributing network of mass-rent, flow return is obtained from content supplier in the mode of quasi-tradition CDN, and the peak bandwidth contributed by user and/or super-distribution data volume, by a part of income feedback user.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows.
Relative conventional P 2P application, because be operated in the network equipments such as customer router, instead of the user such as PC, PDA, intelligent mobile phone can on the computing equipment of direct perception, many service for user of the present invention are almost transparent, almost negligible on the impact of the QoE that user uses other to serve.
Optimize the flow in whole network, most transfer of data is occurred over just apart from user 0-2 jumping place, alleviates the pressure of ISP backbone network and the pressure to CP central server.
Again task and the transfer of data of non-temporal sensitivity (time insensitive) is planned, macroscopically for CP reduces operation cost.
Reduce the waste to resource and the energy.One aspect of the present invention takes full advantage of the idle bandwidth of nearly user side.On the other hand, most user has the time continuing length, within even 7 days × 24 hours, uninterruptedly keep the custom that the network access equipments such as router are opened, and the idle power consumption of these equipment is also fully loaded with power consumption still at an order of magnitude, the extra power consumption that the present invention is lower, the task run of user side and traffic transport are occurred within " one kilometer " as far as possible, decreases the energy consumption of central server.
The present invention be structured in high reliability in data center " one of cloud computing is supplemented effectively, can be defined as " mist " (Fog), " local cloud " (Local Cloud) or " cloudlet " (Crowd Cloud) a kind of application form or supplement.
Certainly, implement arbitrary product of the present invention, arbitrary commerce services of providing might not need to possess above all features simultaneously or reach above-described all advantages.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to technological means of the present invention can be better understood, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, and can become apparent to allow above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and coordinate
accompanying drawing, be described in detail as follows.
Specification of the present invention and
figureformula can be understood by various equivalent modifications and can make various modifications and changes according to open example.The many details described are used to provide thorough understanding of the present disclosure.Such as, above-mentioned most scene describes with the situation of the most common on the Internet, that accounting is maximum application layer protocol HTTP, do not hinder this scheme through the amendment of simple field identification, be applied to other the application layer even agreement of transport layer, as FTP, RTP, SRTP, SCTP, UDP.But, in certain embodiments, in order to avoid making specification ambiguous or too tediously long, the details that in field, personnel are known or common is not described.
It should be noted that, the system of mass-rent content distributing network of the present invention, the category of method and apparatus include but not limited to combination in any between each part mentioned above.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1for the work of the content distributing network of a kind of mass-rent of the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated
figure.
fig. 2for the embodiment of the present invention only containing Intelligent routing node but when comprising the analysis module to user interest work signal
figure.
fig. 3for the embodiment of the present invention improves this simple but in special screne work signal of contents distribution availability when localized network fault
figure.
fig. 4the typical abstract signal of one for the embodiment of the present invention
figure.
Embodiment
The technological means and effect that predetermined goal of the invention takes is reached for setting forth the present invention further, below in conjunction with
accompanying drawingand preferred embodiment, to its embodiment of content distributing network of mass-rent proposed according to the present invention, method, step and effect, be described in detail as follows.
Aforementioned and other technology contents, Characteristic for the present invention, in following cooperation reference
figurecan clearly present in the preferred embodiment detailed description of formula.By the explanation of embodiment, when can to the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined object and take and effect be able to more deeply and concrete understanding, but institute
accompanying drawingformula is only to provide with reference to the use with explanation, is not used for being limited the present invention.
If no special instructions, in whole specification and claims, " comprising ", " comprising ", be the implication of " including but not limited to "." connection " or its distortion term, being connection direct or indirect between two or more element, module or system, can be physics, logic, or their combination.The implication of "/" representative is "or", contains following explanation: any project in enumerating, enumerate in all items, enumerate the combination in any of middle all items.Use the word of odd number or plural number also can represent the situation of odd number or plural number respectively.
A starting point of main thought of the present invention is the idle bandwidth and the storage resources that reasonably utilize nearly user side (network topology distance zero is jumped) equipment, and this equipment is not the service equipment that user directly uses usually, thus user is not direct perception to it--not at least responsive, as long as task granularity, bandwidth sum I/O distribution and load are controlled suitable.Another starting point is that signaling or metadata (signaling (meta data)) are separated with data ((mass) data), data are distributed in more on equipment that distance users zero jumps, that cost at the bottom of with pole is by server in fact, the stores service trustship of contents distribution and probability availability is in user side: although the bandwidth/carrying cost of every bit/Byte is slowly declining in recent years, but still cloud (Cloud) pattern that the data scale keeping superlinearity to increase can make many Internet services continue to use for many years can not continue too of a specified duration, there is the phenomenon that the growth of the operation expenditure that data scale causes increases beyond business revenue in many giants.So after Cloud, also more need more processing locality (Local Processing), so Fog(mist of disclosing in fact of the present invention) pattern, can be described as again local cloud or crowd-cloud, at structure CDN of future generation even ICN(Information Centric Network, information centre's network) in just can play reduced cost, improve the important function of most scene performance.Another starting point is a kind of excitation (incentive) mechanism of design, find more business models and business method behind, by a part of feedback relative users of the business incomes such as CDN, be also convenient to edge system of the present invention, method, equipment being covered better network than traditional C DN conversely.
Refer to
fig. 1, its be the content distributing network of a kind of mass-rent of the embodiment of the present invention work signal
figure, it comprises: marginal portion 101, core 106.Wherein marginal portion 101 comprises working node, namely be equipment or the module of zero apart from its owner's network topology distance, comprise the broadband router of family expenses or commercialization, network television-set top-set-box (IPTV SetTop Box), with network attached storage (NAS) equipment of Internet access function, the robot Fellow etc. with Internet access function
fig. 1in the embodiment scene represented, 102 and 104 is the intelligent Wi-Fi router with additional storage, and 103 and 105 is Web browser or the browser plug-in of supporting WebRTC agreement or RTMFP agreement, core 106 comprises to dispatch coordinator (Coordinator) module of task in whole network and flow, it comprises again to assist fringe node to set up the STUN/TURN/Trickle ICE submodule group 107 of P2P connection further, intelligent DNS or dynamic-dns submodule group 108, be structured in the GSLB GLB submodule group 109 of serving some scene of DNS module, in order to accelerate the discovery of node and/or resource, the ALTO submodule group 110 selected or search, also may comprise index part resource type, service portion scene interior joint relation, service portion is more excellent searches or transmission path/distribution tree/
figureindexing/Routing submodule group.
In further embodiments, 107,108 and 109 not only core may be deployed in but also be distributed in marginal portion.
Management and owner's network topology distance are the equipment with local area network (LAN)-wide area network access function or the module of zero jumping, and dispose functional module group thereon.As 102,104 by equipment the program of disposing when each device start and/or at interval of certain hour to 106 registrations and send the current state information of this equipment, as current available bandwidth, free memory/disk storage, CPU/ store utilization rate, cpu load, I/O load etc.; Meet specified conditions mutual in, can with the version number of deploy specific or all edge treated modules on the device, if satisfied condition, then the corresponding submodule group of 106 returns specific signaling message, in order to indicate edge treated module corresponding to upgrading or to download and install new process module.Upgrading can adopt increment updating method, as binary system difference update, or Courgette algorithm.
In addition, above-mentioned management module also has and notifies renewal of the equipment operating system or the system modules such as 102,104, upgrades system program and application deployment, the function of restarting equipment.Above-mentioned any signalling communication, all needs with the method encrypted transmission of arranging key (as IKE), to ensure safety.
For the Web browser as 103,105 or browser plug-in, then start at each browser, page open or plug-in component operation time, to the corresponding submodule group registration of 106, communications status is being monitored with 106 interactions and with any peer node interaction both sides, unreachable once communicate, to 106 corresponding submodule group reports, corresponding submodule group is then deleted this nodes records or will be changed the status attribute of respective record in its line node list safeguarded.
In the scene that minority high quality-of-service requires, the corresponding module of 103 or 105 also can send heartbeat signaling every short period (as every 10--20s) for the sake of assurance.
The working method of the described deployment of the specific decision functional module group thereon that distributes according to the physical characteristic of described equipment or module and history online hours, and index is carried out to the resource of which position.Generally, when equipment comprises additional storage, the resource that may need in next time slot of looking ahead, otherwise not prefetch resources; When device memory store comparatively large and history line duration majority is longer time, not only the resource of this equipment of index but also index close on state information and the resource of other equipment, otherwise the resource of only this equipment of index.
When served business is static resource, fringe node adopts DHT(distributed hashtable) method index, hash value is generally certain full text Hash of file, or certain character string Hash of URL, in indexing means aspect, a feasible embodiment adopts the Kademlia method based on XOR distance.When served business is live broadcast stream media, adopts the method for the many distribution trees dividing subflow, as FashMesh or its approximation method, in the structure of the distribution tree of each subflow, for each node j, select the heuristic information of its father's node to be that shape is as Power
ij=[min (r
j, s)]
m/ (d
ij+ D
i)
nfunction, wherein r
jfor the residual available bandwidth of node j, s is the average bit rate of this subflow, d
ijfor the distance (generally to connect time delay to weigh, also can be the function of the expression connectivity about RTT and packet_loss, throughput) from node i to node j, D
ifor the longest distance from source to node i, m and n is the arithmetic number regulating dimension, selects this to be worth maximum node as father node at every turn.
According to business scenario needs, generally for resources such as Web page, after being redirected, adopt HTTP or HTTPS agreement, and for resources such as Streaming Medias, the transmission of intermediate node generally uses the agreement based on UDP, and one section of last service-user, and DASH based on HTTP can be used as HLS protocol.
In static resource and dynamic acceleration service scenarios, for saving flow further, edge treated module has the function compressed content, can use dynamic dictionary compression for concrete business hours locality characteristic; Accelerate in scene in signaling, edge treated module has the function that transmission data are compressed and SSL encrypts; In streaming media service scene, edge treated module has the function of Media Stream or media file being carried out to multiplex/demultiplex, transcoding, turn encapsulation, merging subflow/burst/frame/GoP.
When served business is static resource, adopt DHT(distributed hashtable) method index, hash value is generally certain full text Hash of file, or URL(global resource finger URL) certain character string Hash, in indexing means aspect, a feasible embodiment adopts the Kademlia method based on XOR distance.
To the resource lookup in time insensitive scene, DHT mode can be used; And to the resource lookup in time-sensitive scene, then can use the mode that this locality and neighbours' index, DHT, centre indexing walk abreast.
102,104 be deployed with the module estimating end-to-end available bandwidth in this connection with RTT and packet loss etc., and periodically detect and report to 106 the module of the information such as the storage of CPU usage, cpu load, free memory, available disk storage.
In operation, the random node selection strategy of certain probability in the edge module of 101, can be introduced, completing end-to-end contents distribution after at every turn, add up the connectivity of this transmission and report 106.106 containing carrying out automatic cluster to online fringe node, the submodule group of division, with reference to the IP storehouse comprising global ip section-geographical position-ISP, according to <IP_range, GeoLocation, ISP> tlv triple is as initial information, in operating service according to 101 institute the connectivity data that report by E-M(expectation maximization) algorithm continuous iteration reunion class, and introducing divides mechanism automatically, safeguard a dynamic node group database, and reasonable employment MDS, GeoHash, based on the Z-ordering method of Peano or Hibert curve, form the virtual network position system that preferably can be carried out quick high concurrent kNN inquiry.
Above-mentioned virtual network position system is the important foundation building intelligence/dynamic-dns submodule group 108, ALTO service terminals module 110.Wherein 110 mainly inquire about its neighbor list for fringe node, show in order to allow 101 protocol construction Membership such as GOSSIP such as fringe node such as grade; And 108 1 aspects can ask to be redirected to and close on or any node, supply information to the GLB module 109 on it on the other hand, in order under the prerequisite guaranteed service quality, make GSLB as far as possible.
When each node comes online, the edge ALTO module of 101 is to 107 submodule group acquisition request network sites in 106 and its neighbor node information, say after acquisition that its index enters its GOSSIP Membership and shows, and/or the preferential reservation item of DHT table, under partial picture, communicate with its neighbor node, the respective index table of neighbor node of reentrying, its jumping figure of the nodal distance representated by general restricted information is within 3.
Index/route submodule group 111 for contracting the super node selecting or count or stable node index resource information and safeguard the interconnective Optimization route table of these nodes, and some service as live streaming media the distribution networks that constructs.
For improving the efficiency of pre-fetching resources, improve hit rate, and accelerate searching of resource and node, 111 submodule groups have also been safeguarded user domain, interest domain, resource domains, the index in multiple territories such as network topology territory, 101 edge devices or module safeguard have dissimilar resource, the distributed hash sublist in different above-mentioned territory, the method adopting Heterogeneous Hashing is different types of data Hamming space, to support the similarity query (similarity search across different domains) not between same area, optimize resource distribution and accessed path.When searching, the method for HmSearch is used to accelerate.
In certain edge device or module 101 prefetch resources or when carrying out fuzzy search to a certain resource or node, can, according to situations such as the load of 111 modules, service priority, determine to be searched by cross-domain DHT, or request center finding.
For prefetch resources, in another embodiment, by the analysis to user's historical time sequence data, and the collaborative filtering between user realizes.In addition, explicitly can also be carried out by content supplier (Content Provider) to provide.
In a preferred embodiment, coordinate if any social networking service business, then can according to social networks chain/relation
figurespectrum, or social media propagation model, by the 1-2 degree relation of Resource Owner/leading disseminator, or node is arrived in the propagation of prediction, specific resource is distributed in advance distance and may accesses the nearest edge device of this resource or module, and the centre indexing submodule group of synchronous 111.This side
method meetinggreatly improve the distribution performance of the type social media resources such as UGC.
For the storage of buffer memory and prefetch resources, 102,104 equipment can adopt the local file systems such as shared drive buffer memory, NTFS or ext, and in the group divided with geographical position, ISP, interest domain, Resource Properties territory etc., can form distributed, many parts, the file system of redundancy encoding to accelerate inquiry, service availability factor is provided; 103,105 modules can adopt memory object, LocalStorage, Indexed DB, WebSQL.
When 101 is browser page, call agreements such as making WebRTC mourn in silence on browser backstage run API, in case connect and/or cache resources lose; Newly enter when there is resource/replace/when eliminating, broadcast corresponding signaling to its neighbours.。
Connect for setting up P2P between assistance edge device or module, preferably comprise the Trickle ICE method of STUN and UPnP, the < intranet and extranet IP of 101 edge modules is collected on 107 module limits, port, protocol type > tlv triple SDP information, while carry out connectivity detection, if all can not be communicated with, adopt TURN method, set up transfer to connect, in a kind of preferred embodiment, the fringe node of transfer or the selection of server need to determine according to the heuristic information of ALTO submodule group 110 and/or Smart DNS submodule group 108, to reduce connection delay, increase throughput rate, reduce cross-region, across ISP and the flow through ISP backbone network.
Lead for improving P2P UNICOM, all available ports between the device periodically detections all 1024-65535 such as 102,104, and storage system maintenance gets up.
If 102,104 equipment have available Intranet <IP, port, protocol type > is to outer net Intranet <IP, port, the mapping of protocol type >, then to the registration of Coordinator module, P2P can be set up from outside in order to make more nodes and connect.When http protocol type is available, then register to Smart DNS/DDNS submodule group 108, re-register if any any change or report, in order to make the CDN of as far as possible many HTTP request can directly application layer be directly redirected to have institute's request resource device processes module on.
102,104 equipment have finger daemon (daemon) to monitor a port of Intranet and the b port of outer net simultaneously.As being 192.168.0.1:8888 and 123.456.789.123:9999, can be redirected rapidly to make the resource can hit within 1 jumping.
In service, can with HTTP 302 and so on be redirected, the tasks such as the tagging of crowd-mining can also be embedded, help more effective resource dissemination.
In a preferred embodiment, 102,104 if containing additional storage and the larger equipment of internal memory, then it not only manages index or the metadata of oneself cache resources, and stores the index that this region miscellaneous equipment and module enliven the corresponding resource of the page (can the form such as memory object, LocalStorage, Indexed DB, WebSQL store).
102,103 equipment are also deployed with the module detecting IP Multicast Land, periodically in the Internet, broadcast is used for ip multicast Detection Information, say that the nodal information collecting response reports the easily extensible ip multicast of Coordinator module 106 to coordinate submodule group, coordinate submodule group and safeguard all IP Multicast Land and each all nodal informations comprised.
In the scene that live streaming media, superthermal pre-fetching resources etc. need numerous different node-node transmission data that may be in an IP Multicast Land, in Coordinator module 106, merge all nodes being in same IP Multicast Island form multicast domain one by one, only needing to select a representation node for entering territory, having greatly reduced contents distribution tree like this.
Incorporated by reference to
fig. 1with
fig. 2,
fig. 1shown 102,103 equipment comprise distributed storage module.User contributes a part of memory space, in order to store other users resource and
fig. 2the resource that shown content supplier (Content Provider, CP) distributes.Here need to use cryptographic storage, and the resource of user oneself and other resource logic are isolated, or use the account number system safeguarded to separate access rights-use DDNS or DHT to add that centre indexing makes the resource of user oneself can access with account at the whole network.
fig. 3show the present invention for improving this simple but in special screne embodiment of contents distribution availability when localized network fault.Edge module (can be described as the again mist module) user corresponding to A accesses certain Web server (being generally the CP client of the embodiment of the present invention), but because localized network fault, connection cannot arrive at server or institute's request resource cannot return, after retry is invalid, A assists Gains resources to other nodes of coordinator's module request, coordinator is according to connectedness, the information such as load return can with A and Web server all UNICOM and distance A and/or nearer mist module B of Web server, be distributed in the clients such as the STUN on A and B i.e. coordinator help with server module both set up P2P and be connected, B constructs the A acquisition resource requirement that requests help accordingly and then returns to A by this connection, this process sectional, progressive or asynchronously to carry out, transfer also can multi-hop.
fig. 3chinese and English shows the mutual signalling of relevant each side and describes.
For the CP that majority is larger, CDN and ISP often adopts and valuates with the total bandwidth peak value of specific period sampling or 95 points of positions.But the service-user of most CP all has region, and has the high superposed of access time between specific region people, so often cause all the other times of peakedness ratio of late 10-11 point remarkable high situation.At this moment, 106 modules, according to scene characteristics, adopt means of looking ahead, for specific CP provides the Additional Services of peak load shifting, in order to help CP cutting down cost.
Incorporated by reference to
fig. 3with
fig. 4, when maintenance customer's Accounting system, monthly according to the contribution of user bandwidth contribution peak value, super-distribution bandwidth and memory space, provide a rational pricing formula, a part for the contents distribution income of native system service fed back to user.Form can be cash, check, coupons, reward voucher, or other value-added services.
After acquisition user agrees to, in 101, dispose interest digging module, by information such as the keywords of digging user interest from unencrypted communication data, traditional data mining method can be adopted also can to adopt the method for Crowd-mining.Acquisition information provides interest domain information to optimize resource dissemination on the one hand, accurate propelling movement is accomplished on the other hand in coupons or reward voucher scene, can intermediary service be formed on the one hand again, help the manufacturer wishing to promote self product or service fast Evaluation product or advertising message (can be imprinted on the back side of above-mentioned bill) to be sent to targeted customer or potential user.
Claims (26)
1. a content distribution network system, comprises center and peripheral two large divisions, it is characterized in that,
Center comprises the management module of edge node, and for disposing, upgrading, configure server or the process module of fringe node, the resource information of index fringe node and current state, edge part provides management that is unified or layering;
Marginal portion comprises Edge Server or edge treated module, and being directly deployed in whole or in part with owner's network topology distance is the having on equipment or module that local area network (LAN)-wide area network accesses (LAN-WAN Access) function of zero jumping (Zero Hop).
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described network access equipment comprise the broadband router of family expenses or commercialization, network television-set top-set-box (IPTV SetTop Box), with network attached storage (NAS) equipment of Internet access function, the robot Fellow with Internet access function.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in there is network access facility module comprise the Web browser or browser plug-in of supporting WebRTC agreement or RTMFP agreement.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described core comprises to dispatch coordinator (Coordinator) module of task in whole network and flow, and it comprises again further,
Sensor selection problem submodule group, for being one or several peer node nearest or nearer under one or more tolerance in given described user side " zero jump " equipment or module sensor selection problem network topology, geographical position, social networks, interest domain where necessary;
Supporting the server submodule group of one or several NAT/ firewall traversal protocols in STUN, TURN, UPnP, PCP, HNT, ICE, Trickle ICE, connecting for assisting to set up P2P between described user side " zero jumps " equipment or module where necessary;
Resource lookup submodule group, for accurately searching the resource of given unique identification (UUID), or with the position of given resource in attribute, feature, other semantically approximate resources.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described coordinator's module comprises route planning submodule group, in dynamic acceleration, net cast scene, for building data transmission link or the distribution figure of optimum or near-optimization.
6. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described resource can be the static media file comprising picture, video, audio frequency, comprise the static Web file of HTML, CSS, JS, Flash are at half interior Dynamic Web file, the dynamic datas such as signaling, message, database query result, audio frequency and video are live/channel of session or data flow, or the arbitrary pieces of data in above-mentioned various situation.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described marginal portion comprises buffer memory module, and in order to manage the resource frequently accessing or be about to be accessed frequently, it comprises again further,
The semiconductor memory of capacity 1GB or more or phase transition storage, one is typically configured to 4GB.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described marginal portion comprises module of looking ahead, the resource that the moment in future gone out in order to obtain also Storage Estimation may be accessed, and it comprises again further,
The magnetic memory of capacity 250GB or more is as HDD hard disk, or the semiconductor memory of 16GB or more is as NAND SSD hard disk.
9. system as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, described buffer memory module and described module of looking ahead cooperate when existing at the same time mutually, namely the moment in future that module of looking ahead described in obtains may be accessed, and meet the resource of specified criteria, pass to described buffer memory module; And the Resource Storage meeting specified criteria that buffer memory module is about to be eliminated/replace is enter in the memory in prefetch module.
10. system as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, described buffer memory module and described module of looking ahead also comprise distribution, redundancy and/or many parts store submodule groups, in order to fringe node or node group by the resource buffer memory in different ways of served different scenes, dissimilar, different availability requirement and distribution priority/be taken in advance needs.
11. systems as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, in described buffer memory/forecasting method, distributed storage and indexing means comprise burst storage, distributed hash, consistency Hash, position sensing Hash, isomery Hash, redundancy storage method comprises RS Coding, and many parts of storage meanss comprise popularity, the method that is reference with recent visiting frequency, regional temperature.
12. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described resource information comprises Hash table, position diagram, resource characteristic vector table, the region of interest characteristic vector of the concordance list of present node buffer memory and/or prefetch resources, resource and node; Described current state comprises present node available bandwidth, free memory/disk storage, CPU usage/load, I/O load.
13. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described core and marginal portion comprise dynamically, layering or distributed intelligent DNS module, and the domain name in order to content supplier or user to be specified is resolved to certain fringe node under suitable region, suitable ISP network dynamically, intelligently.
14. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described core and marginal portion comprise ALTO(Application-Layer Traffic Optimization, application layer transmission optimization) Sever and/or ALTO Tracker module, in order to accelerate node and/or resource discovery, select or search.
15. 1 kinds of content distributing network methods, is characterized in that, comprising:
Management and owner's network topology distance are the equipment with local area network (LAN)-wide area network access function or the module of zero jumping, and dispose functional module group thereon;
The working method of the described deployment of the specific decision functional module group thereon that distributes according to the physical characteristic of described equipment or module and history online hours, and index is carried out to the resource of which position;
The mode of determine index to resource according to business/resource characteristic of institute's service business and/or the current use of user, searching and transmitting;
The mode of acclerating section point selection/resource lookup is determined according to one or more information among the network site at described equipment or module place, connectivity, load, service capacity, stock number, resource characteristic, the owner or the distance of frequent visitor on social networks or interest domain;
Need to attempt assisting between edge device or module, to set up P2P before data is transmitted according to scene to connect.
16. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, when described zero jumping equipment or module contain the equipment of additional storage, and the Current resource of this equipment of index and institute's sensing neighbor equipment; When described zero jumps equipment or module containing additional memory devices, can Current resource on this equipment of index or module, can sensing neighbor equipment or module but the Current resource of not index institute sensing neighbor equipment.
17. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described neighbours comprise the neighbours on distribution figure constructed by the neighbours in the neighbours in network topology, the neighbours on geographical position, social networks, the neighbours on interest domain, media flow transmission.
18. methods as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, the method for described sensing neighbor equipment or module comprises ALTO agreement, Virtual Network Positioning System(virtual network position system), based on MDS(multidimensional scaling) kNN inquire about, inquire about based on the acceleration of social networks, based on the multicast domain neighbours perception of IP Multicast, the distributed hash table method of position-based sensitive hash.
19. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, when described service business is live streaming media, adopt and divide multiple subflow, for each subflow builds distribution tree and form the method for netted distributing network, establishing target is the position roomy, that connectivity the is good node of band being placed in as far as possible the root node near tree, and building mode is first distributed structure centralized adjusting and optimizing again, and optimization aim is for minimizing maximum distribution distance or postponing; During for streaming media on demand, request scheduling to the fringe node having this resource, optimization aim is for maximizing transmission bandwidth; During for static resource, request scheduling to the fringe node having this resource, optimization aim completes delay for minimizing download; During for flow media session, be that conversation group chooses some transit nodes and plans transmission path according to link delay and quality, optimization aim is for minimizing total transmission range or delay; For when dynamically acceleration or signaling are accelerated, choose good with source server connectivity and keep the long fringe node be connected, optimization aim is for minimizing connection delay.
20. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, to look ahead submodule group, for peak load shifting is accomplished by content supplier in described zero jumping equipment or module deploy to the detection of time insensitive task, reschedule, specific resources.
21. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, jump equipment or module top statistics bandwidth contribution peak value, super-distribution bandwidth and memory space contribution described zero, use rational pricing formula, a part for the contents distribution income of native system service is fed back to user.
22. methods as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, described feedback form can be cash, check, coupons, reward voucher, or other value-added services.
23. methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, after the owner obtaining described zero jumping equipment or module agrees to, dispose interest digging submodule group, digging user interest from unencrypted communication data in described equipment or module.
24. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described method for digging is traditional data digging method or the method for Crowd-mining, obtains Result.
25. as claim 22 or claim 23 or method according to claim 24, and described Result provides interest domain information to optimize resource dissemination on the one hand; Accurate propelling movement is accomplished on the other hand in described coupons or reward voucher scene; Can intermediary service be formed on the one hand again, help the manufacturer wishing to promote self product or service fast Evaluation product or advertising message to be sent to targeted customer or potential user.
26. 1 kinds of content distributing network devices, is characterized in that, for the claims 1 arrive the element of the marginal portion of claim 14 or first node, and use the claims 15 to carry out work to method according to claim 25.
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN110336843B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| CN110336843A (en) | 2019-10-15 |
| CN110417916A (en) | 2019-11-05 |
| CN110417916B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
| CN104618506B (en) | 2019-09-27 |
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