CN104584825B - A kind of method of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli - Google Patents
A kind of method of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, including the selection of: kind, plantation plot select with whole, implantation time and density, planting patterns, scaffolding, the Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli Cultivate administration, the inventive method not only reduces planting cost, improve Fructus Momordicae quality and benefit, and technology is practical.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, belongs to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Fructus Momordicae (SiraitiagrosvenoriiC.Jeffrey) belongs to perennial liana for Cucurbitaceae Fructus Momordicae, mostly it is distributed in the ground such as China Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi absolutely, the widest with Guangxi cultivated area, the existing built vertical Fructus Momordicae commercialization cultivation base 8000 hectares in Guangxi, yearly productive capacity is up to 1,000,000,000, and its yield exceedes the 80% of whole world Fructus Momordicae.The fruit of Fructus Momordicae can be used as medicine, and has effect of clearing heat and moistening lung, relieving sore throat to recover voice, loosening bowel to relieve constipation, becomes the primary raw material of the health product such as many Chinese patent medicines " Fructus Momordicae Dingchuan sheet ", " P-Cymene ", " infusion of grosvenor momordica fruit for arresting cough ".Its main component saponin V low calorie, sugariness is more than 300 times of sucrose, becomes the countries such as a new generation's sweeting agent, situation of selling well Southeast Asia and America and Europe.
Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, for perennial herbaceous stem rattan wood, also known as paradise grass, Gospel grass, Chao Rencan, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, Herba Gynostemmatis, Herba Gynostemmatis, Pentapanax and gynostemma pentaphyllum makino etc., Japan is referred to as sweet climing tea.Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli likes the weather of dark and damp gentleness, how wild in concealments place such as sylvan life, brook banks, perennial climbs up by holding on to draft.It is mainly distributed on Shaanxi flat interest, Structure, Hunan, Hubei in China, Yunnan, Guangxi etc. are economized, it is known as " south Radix Ginseng ", it is grown in the medicinal comparision contents of southern Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli high, " the elixir grass " being called mystery among the people, 1986, State Scientific and Technological Commission was in Spark Program, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli being classified as the first place of " rare Chinese medicine " leaved for development, on March 5th, 2002, health ministry was listed in health product list.Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli is found it in recent years and contains more than 50 kind of Saponin, strand glycoside III, IV, VIII and Ⅻ contained therein and ginsenoside Rb1, Rb3, Rd0 and F2 have analog structure, and there is effect of similar Radix Ginseng, the acid hydrolysis products panoxadiol of its acid hydrolysis products and ginsenoside has identical physicochemical property.It has blood fat reducing, blood sugar lowering, balancing blood pressure, fat-reducing is fat, improve sleep, eliminates uncomfortable in chest, controls poliosis, migraine, calm effect.
Along with the continuous progress of science and technology, the medicinal efficacy of both the above plant and health-care effect are increasingly come into one's own, wide market.But, existing production technology is mostly two kind of plant and individually plants, and has following disadvantage:
1, Fructus Momordicae is Cucurbitaceae annual plant, result on canopy, because its planting density is little, seals evening canopy time, and in 3 months of growth early stage, major part soil bareness is outside, often worried for weeding.The root system of artificial weeding meeting wound Fructus Momordicae, and worker employed in a plant nursery's effort；Chemical weed control not only affects growth, and residue affects soil environment and product quality.
2, owing to Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli is the shady crop of happiness, level land plantation Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli needs to shelter from heat or light for it, otherwise, can cause that survival rate is not high, or yield poorly.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide the method for a kind of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, not only reduces planting cost, improves Fructus Momordicae quality and benefit, and technology is practical.
The method that the technical scheme is that a kind of Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, including:
1) selection of kind: Fructus Momordicae selects Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride kind, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects 7 leaf kinds；
The foundation of Fructus Momordicae Fruit variety is better resistance, and leaf is opened and is of moderate size, after envelope canopy, it is ensured that light transmittance is 25%-35%, is conducive to the growth of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli.
The foundation of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli Fruit variety is better resistance, and yield is high, is suitable under the sunlight of light transmittance 25%-35% and grows；
2) plant the selection in plot with wholely: the ecologic planting of Fructus Momordicae and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects that physical features is smooth, has abundant water resources, can row easily fill, the level of ground water plot lower than 40cm, soil pH value is 5.0-6.5, first soil deeptillage before plantation, smash, leveling, plot is made into the regular plot of furrow height 35-45cm；
3) implantation time and density: Fructus Momordicae implantation time be annual mid-March-by the end of March, the implantation time of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli is annual December, and Fructus Momordicae planting density is 100-120 plant/acre, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli planting density is 1600-2000 plant/acre；
4) planting patterns: Fructus Momordicae and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli divide limit to plant, and namely Fructus Momordicae kind is on the left side of furrow, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli kind is on the right of furrow, and vice versa, Fructus Momordicae and the spaced 50cm of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli；
5) scaffolding: do pile column with timber or reinforced concrete, 3m～4m of being separated by between two stake columns, anyhow embarks on journey, stretches with 12# iron wire and be fixed on a column, be then woven into the plastic wire tension of 18cm eye above iron wire by plastic ties；
6) Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae:
1. pinch: climing climb up face length on frame when main and pinch when saving～6 joint to 4, lateral bud is made to sprout rapidly 2～4 one-level lateral bines of formation, when one-level lateral bine grows to 4 joint～6 joint, top is extractd, promote that two grades of lateral bines are sprouted, if two grades of lateral bines do not show alabastrum when growing to 8 joint～12 joint, return and cut 4 joints, three grades of lateral bines are promoted to sprout, two grades of lateral bines and three grades of lateral bines are uniformly distributed in above frame, form fan-shaped skeleton, climing 12～16 of result is stayed in every strain, each result is climing 8～10 healthy and strong alabastrum pinching again, when shoot growth is vigorous, should climing for excessive growth and can not climing the repairing of result remove, keep ventilation and penetrating light；
2. fertilising: the 1-2kg fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain in seedling stage, Seedling is executed after canopy phosphorus potash fertilizer, florescence and fruit expanding period and executes phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed；
3. artificial pollination: with bamboo floricome, take 0.01-0.02g male pollen and be coated in lightly on female chapiter, it is impossible to hinder stigma, the female flower opened the same day, complete in fine day 7:00 in the morning～12:00 pollination；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: based on cultural control, physical control, Biological control, chemical prevention is auxiliary；
7) Cultivate administration of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli
1. implantation time: annual December, selects the plantation in afternoon at cloudy day, and now, the exposure rate of sunlight is more weak, and Fructus Momordicae has been gathered complete, shelters from heat or light for Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli and keep out the wind in the canopy face of formation；
2. planting density: 1600-2000 plant/acre；
3. trench digging puts base manure: plant first 10 days, at the ditch that distance plantation Fructus Momordicae 50cm place opens deep 30-40cm, puts into, by 2000 kgs/acre, the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, earth mulch is returned and waits to plant；
4. plantation: gynostemma pentaphyllum stem is cut into 30-40cm length, and wherein one end is buried in the earth, compacting, drenches and determines root water；
5. when stem length to 40-50cm, pinch, weaken apical dominance, promote collateral generation, to increase yield；
6. gathering: 6-7 month, cut off by the base of leaf of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, the urea water of mass concentration 3%-5% is executed in every mu of pouring, every mu of amount of urea 3 kilograms, and JIUYUE cuts the base of leaf receiving Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli again.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, 6) during 2. the Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae apply fertilizer, every mu of described phosphorus potash fertilizer executes 30 kilograms.
Further, 6) during 2. the Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae apply fertilizer, every mu of described phosphate fertilizer executes 30 jin, and every mu of described potash fertilizer executes 30 jin, described in the fertilizer every mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed execute 500 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
This method not only reduces planting cost, improves Fructus Momordicae quality and benefit, and technology is practical.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter principles of the invention and feature being described, example is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) Fruit variety
The middle period kind that Fructus Momordicae selects resistance, yield is high, leaf is opened and is of moderate size, and after envelope canopy, light transmittance is maintained at the kind of 25%-35%；Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli to select better resistance, yield high, is suitable under 25%-35% sunlight the kind of growth, is beneficial to the complementation to light temperature of two kinds of crops, and by testing, Fructus Momordicae selection Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride kind, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects seven leaf kinds most widely suited.
(2) planting season
Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects to plant at December, namely enters winter after plantation soon, and temperature is low, poor growth；The March of Second Year plants Fructus Momordicae, and along with the rising of temperature, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli growth rapidly, forms fluffy crawled on ground, effectively suppresses the growth of weeds, decreases the work of artificial weeding；Enter by the end of April, canopy on Fructus Momordicae, form shade face, growth for Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli provides shady and cool environment, it is to avoid plants Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli on level land and need to build the operation of cool canopy, decreases and build material and cost of labor, what achieve between " one high and one low " " liking positive and resistance to the moon " crop is reasonably combined, reaching to make full use of the season of growth, coordinate light energy complementary and utilize, science regulates the purpose of competitive relation.
(3) wholely, play furrow, put base manure
According to physical features drainage trenching and a furrow, furrow height 35-45cm, make plot in rainy season without hydrops, furrow are failed to grow up in 30 meters, 2 meters of furrow broadband ditch, furrow face is turtleback shape, spreads quick lime 50 kgs/acre in conjunction with whole, applies the farm organic fertilizer 2000 kgs/acre become thoroughly decomposed and biological organic fertilizer (Shandong department hundred visitor bio tech ltd production is also commercially available) 50 kgs/acre；
(4) plantation
Sunlight carries out a point limit plantation, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli planting density 2000 plants/acre time not strong in the afternoon, drenches and determine root water after kind；In March in large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim year, the another side plantation Fructus Momordicae in plot, planting density is 120 plants/acre, drenches and determines root water, after planting one week, put into abundant decomposed manure 1kg～2kg around the every young plant of Fructus Momordicae after kind.
(5) scaffolding
Using timber column, spaced 3m～4m, anyhow embark on journey, stretch with 12# iron wire and be fixed on pillar, then upper berth plastic ties is woven into the plastic wire tension of 18cm eye.
(6) canopy on Fructus Momordicae
After final singling, insert the little bamboo of a 1.6-2.0m or little mock on main climing side, every 1d～2d, be fixed on bamboo or mock draw canopy on Seedling by climing for the master of elongation.
(7) Fructus Momordicae pinching is whole climing
When the main climing pinching when canopy face length to 4 saves～6 joint, lateral bud is made to sprout rapidly 2～4 one-level lateral bines of formation, the pinching when one-level lateral bine grows to 4 joint～6 joint, promote that two grades of lateral bines are sprouted；If two grades of lateral bines do not show alabastrum when growing to 8 joint～12 joint, to return and cut 4 joints, promote three grades of lateral bines to sprout.Being uniformly distributed in above frame by two, three grades of lateral bines, to form fan-shaped skeleton, climing 12～16 of result is stayed in every strain, and each result is climing 8～10 healthy and strong alabastrum pinching again；When shoot growth is vigorous, climing for excessive growth and can not climing the repairing of result remove, ventilation and penetrating light should be kept.
(8) Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli base of leaf results
When Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli length to 40-50cm, two leaves under the bud head of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli and bud head are adopted lower tea making.This process continues 3-4 time.To during by the end of June to July, the stem of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli overhead 3-4cm place is cut off, do medical material and use.
(9) topdress
Fructus Momordicae whole crop cycle applies fertilizer 2 times, ratio prior art Shaoshi 2 times；First time plant is executed when buddingging, and spraying conerete organic water-soluble fertilizer 0.15kg～0.2kg that Guangxi spraying conerete limited company produces, ditch spread trickle blinding are executed in every strain.Second time is executed in fruit expanding period, and every strain is executed abundant decomposed manure 0.5kg and added compound fertilizer 0.15kg～0.2kg that Guangxi spraying conerete limited company produces, ditch spread trickle blinding.Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli executes the aqueous solution of urea of 3%-4% after results stem, every mu of amount of urea 3 kilograms.
(10) water management
It drought suitably trickle, draining in rainy season prevention against water-logging, whole trophophase keeps ground moistening.
(11) Fructus Momordicae artificial pollination
With bamboo floricome, take 0.01-0.02g male pollen and be coated in lightly on female chapiter, it is impossible to hinder stigma.The female flower opened the same day, should be complete in fine day 7:00 in the morning～12:00 pollination.
(12) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Utilize the physical method pest controls such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, pheromone trap and yellow plate insect-killing trapping；When pest and disease damage is comparatively serious, when using physical control DeGrain, use the pesticide of high-efficiency low-toxicity to carry out chemical prevention: aphid, select the 500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% moroxydine hydrochloride copper wettable powder to prevent and treat at the initial stage of a disease.Root knot nematode disease, selects 10% lythidathion granule or 10% cadusafos granule medicament often to cheat medication 10g～15g, applies soil at root open loop ditch and covers；Southern blight, selects 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 500 times～800 times liquid of 50% Tuzet wettable powder to drench and execute, and powdery mildew selects 1000 times～1500 times liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or the 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 25% trazodone wettable powder.Red spider, selects 73% propargite cream or 2000 times～3000 times sprayings of 20% propargite cream；Stinkbug silk worm, selects the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 90% metrifonate crystal；No matter it is Fructus Momordicae or Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, before gathering 30 days, stops using any pesticide, it is ensured that food safety.
Table 1 planting technology of the present invention compares with existing planting technology
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a Fructus Momordicae interplanting Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, it is characterised in that including:
1) selection of kind: Fructus Momordicae selects Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride kind, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects 7 leaf kinds；
2) plant the selection in plot with wholely: the ecologic planting of Fructus Momordicae and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli selects that physical features is smooth, has abundant water resources, can row easily fill, the level of ground water plot lower than 40cm, soil pH value is 5.0-6.5, first soil deeptillage before plantation, smash, leveling, plot is made into the regular plot of furrow height 35-45cm；
3) implantation time and density: Fructus Momordicae implantation time be annual mid-March-by the end of March, the implantation time of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli is annual December, and Fructus Momordicae planting density is 100-120 plant/acre, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli planting density is 1600-2000 plant/acre；
4) planting patterns: Fructus Momordicae and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli divide limit to plant, and namely Fructus Momordicae kind is on the left side of furrow, and Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli kind is on the right of furrow, and vice versa, Fructus Momordicae and the spaced 50cm of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli；
5) scaffolding: do pile column with timber or reinforced concrete, 3m～4m of being separated by between two stake columns, anyhow embarks on journey, stretches with 12# iron wire and be fixed on a column, be then woven into the plastic wire tension of 18cm eye above iron wire by plastic ties；
6) Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae:
1. pinch: climing climb up face length on frame when main and pinch when saving～6 joint to 4, lateral bud is made to sprout rapidly 2～4 one-level lateral bines of formation, when one-level lateral bine grows to 4 joint～6 joint, top is extractd, promote that two grades of lateral bines are sprouted, if two grades of lateral bines do not show alabastrum when growing to 8 joint～12 joint, return and cut 4 joints, three grades of lateral bines are promoted to sprout, two grades of lateral bines and three grades of lateral bines are uniformly distributed in above frame, form fan-shaped skeleton, climing 12～16 of result is stayed in every strain, each result is climing 8～10 healthy and strong alabastrum pinching again, when shoot growth is vigorous, should climing for excessive growth and can not climing the repairing of result remove, keep ventilation and penetrating light；
2. fertilising: the 1-2kg fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain in seedling stage, Seedling is executed after canopy phosphorus potash fertilizer, florescence and fruit expanding period and executes phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed；
3. artificial pollination: with bamboo floricome, take 0.01-0.02g male pollen and be coated in lightly on female chapiter, it is impossible to hinder stigma, the female flower opened the same day, complete in fine day 7:00 in the morning～12:00 pollination；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: based on cultural control, physical control, Biological control, chemical prevention is auxiliary；
7) Cultivate administration of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli:
1. implantation time: annual December, selects the plantation in afternoon at cloudy day, and now, the exposure rate of sunlight is more weak, and Fructus Momordicae has been gathered complete, shelters from heat or light for Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli and keep out the wind in the canopy face of formation；
2. planting density: 1600-2000 plant/acre；
3. trench digging puts base manure: plant first 10 days, at the ditch that distance plantation Fructus Momordicae 50cm place opens deep 30-40cm, puts into, by 2000 kgs/acre, the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, earth mulch is returned and waits to plant；
4. plantation: gynostemma pentaphyllum stem is cut into 30-40cm length, and wherein one end is buried in the earth, compacting, drenches and determines root water；
5. when stem length to 40-50cm, pinch, weaken apical dominance, promote collateral generation, to increase yield；
6. gathering: 6-7 month, cut off by the base of leaf of Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli, the urea water of mass concentration 3%-5% is executed in every mu of pouring, every mu of amount of urea 3 kilograms, and JIUYUE cuts the base of leaf receiving Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli again.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 6) during 2. the Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae apply fertilizer, every mu of described phosphorus potash fertilizer executes 30 kilograms.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 6) during 2. the Cultivate administration of Fructus Momordicae apply fertilizer, every mu of described phosphate fertilizer executes 15 kilograms, and every mu of described potash fertilizer executes 15 kilograms, described in the fertilizer every mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed execute 500 kilograms.
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| CN106233974A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 桂林实力科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of Fructus Momordicae |
| CN106258337A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 雷干虎 | A kind of Fructus Momordicae nursery and exempt from a colored implantation methods |
| CN106717869A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 沈秀琴 | A kind of cultural method of the rich manganese gynostemma pentaphylla of dragon fruit interplanting |
| CN107155599A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-15 | 武冈市千盛农业开发有限公司 | A kind of planting culture method of Momordica grosvenori |
| CN108401812A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-17 | 桂林亦元生现代生物技术有限公司 | Method for interplanting fructus momordicae and thick-leaf schisandra chinensis, application and garden land |
| CN109247202A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-22 | 兴义市平宇中药材种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of gynostemma pentaphylla and octagonal interplanting aquaponic method |
| CN109156285A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-08 | 永福县农业局 | Method for out-of-season cultivation of momordica grosvenori |
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