CN1045794C - 从高砷铅阳极泥提取金银及有价金属的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
从高砷铅阳极泥提取金银及有价金属的方法,包括利用NaOH浸出高砷铅阳极泥,并用复合萃取剂从溶液中萃取回收金,其特征是阳极泥在固/液比1∶8~20、温度80~90℃条件下,用100~300g/lNaOH浸出,以除去砷、铅,然后利用已知工艺综合回收金银及其它有价金属。本发明具有除砷彻底、金属回收率高、方法简便、设备简单、无环境污染等优点,适用于从高砷铅阳极泥提取金银及有价金属。
Description
本发明涉及从高砷铅阳极泥中湿法提取金银及有价金属的方法。
高砷物料,特别是高砷阳极泥是有色金属及贵金属的重要原料,脱砷一直是处理该类物料的公认的技术难点。以现有技术(氧化焙烧、加压浸出、细菌浸出、酸性氧化浸出)处理该类物料进行脱砷,往往具有环境污染严重、设备难以解决、周期长、成本高等暂时难以解决的问题。因此,世界上很多国家都在研究如何解决此难题。《贵金属》,1992,13(2),P.30-34报道了一种“高砷低金银的铅阳极泥的高压脱砷”工艺。该文以高砷低金、银铅阳极泥为原料,采用加压浸出脱砷;脱砷渣混酸浸出锑、铋、铜、铅;浸出渣熔炼、电解得成品银;银阳极泥提金。在加压浸出工序中,该文用NaOH浸煮(浓度30~80g/L,以50g/L为佳),浸煮温度110~150℃(150℃为佳),时间2~4小时(2小时为佳),氧压6kg/cm2,总压6.8kg/cm2。该文的砷脱出率在73.4~94.14%,脱锑铋铜铅后产出纯度~99%的金、银合金。该工艺脱砷效果较好,但需高压设备,操作不太安全。
CN1035321A公开了一种用复合萃取剂(包括混合醇加磷酸三丁酯(TBP))生产高纯金的方法,但其仅适用于从溶液中萃取回收金,不能直接应用于高砷固体物料或阳极泥。
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足之处,提出一种从高砷铅阳极泥提取金银及有价金属的方法,利用本发明方法,脱砷比较彻底、设备简易、操作方便、成本低、无环境污染、同时又不会带来有价金属损失。
本发明方法包括利用NaOH浸出高砷铅阳极泥,并用CN1035321A中所说的复合萃取剂(混合醇加磷酸三丁酯(TBP))从溶液中萃取回收金;本发明的特征是有下述具体工序:
A、阳极泥在固/液比(即固体/液体比,单位为g/mL或kg/L)=1∶8~20、温度80~90℃条件下,用100~300g/L NaOH搅拌浸出1~6小时,视铅含量不同实验选择NaOH浓度及固/液比,优先推荐的NaOH浓度为180-200g/L,固/液比为1∶10-15;
B、碱浸液冷至室温6~24小时,回收砷精矿结晶;
C、脱砷母液在电压2~3伏、电流密度90~300A/cm2条件下直流电积6~20小时,电积物回收铅精矿;
D、电积母液在80~90℃搅拌下加入石灰(或石灰乳),其量为阳极泥料重的10~30%,作用1~6小时,过滤回收石灰渣,滤液返回工序A;
E、脱砷、铅后的渣控制在365±10℃空气氧化焙烧8~12小时;
F、烧渣磨细后在固/液比1∶4~10,2~3molH2SO4中于80~90℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,浸出液加入NaCl沉淀银,使其呈AgCl,并并入银的提取流程以回收银,母液回收铜;
6、硫酸浸出渣在固/液比1∶4~10,3~5.5mol HCl中于80~90℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,盐酸浸出液搅拌下加1~4倍水1~2小时,滤出沉淀,将沉淀物搅拌下加入到化学计量的稀氨溶液中1~2小时,得Sb2O3;
H、水解母液以铁置换回收铋、锑等,置换母液以石灰中和,中和渣送铁厂回收铁,中和母液排放;
l、HCl浸出渣在固/液比1∶4~10,200~300g/LNa2SO3溶液中15~40℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,溶液回收银;
J、一次浸银渣在固/液比1∶4~10、0.2~0.5molH2SO4中加50~100g/L食盐,加金含量5~15倍NaClO3,80~90℃搅拌浸出6~12小时,从浸出剂中用混合醇+TBP复合萃取剂提取纯金;
K、氯化渣重复工序1,两次浸出银溶液搅拌下加水合肼还原得纯银;
L、二次浸银渣送熔炼厂回收锡等有价金属。
在实施本发明方法时,如果原料中砷含量不高,上述工序B可取消;如果原料中金含量甚微,工序J取消,微量金在熔炼厂回收。
同现有技术相比,本发明有如下优点:
1、本发明方法适应范围广,既适合高砷铅阳极泥,也适合低砷铅阳极泥;
2、设备简单,操作方便,设备维修简便,易实现工业化,维修费低;
3、温度较低,能耗较小;
4、试剂消耗少,生产成本低,经济效益好;
5、常压操作,比较安全;
6、提前分离铅,渣量较少,过滤较快,缩短了流程;
7、解决了砷污染问题,且整个流程气氛较好,有利于保护环境。
附图说明:图1是本发明方法的工艺流程图。
实施例1
一种高砷铅阳极泥,其主要成分为(重量%):Au0.0241,Ag8.2,Cu2.79,Fe0.12,As3.24,Sb31.67,Bi0.026,Pb7.38,SiO23.99,Al2O3<1。
取该阳极泥200克,在2L 200g/L NaOH(或相同浓度的回收再生液)中,固/液比1∶10,80℃条件下搅拌浸出2小时,得到浸渣140克。其中各元素脱出率(%):As95.9,Sb24.9,Pb95.33,Cu3.66.浸出液冷却结晶得到下列成分(重量%)的砷精矿:Cu0.33,As13.14,Sb6.97,Pb3.78.母液在3V、100A/cm2条件下直流电积20小时得到下列成分铅精矿(重量%):Cu0.054,As0.74,Pb38.25,Sb28.42.
脱砷、铅渣未进行脱铜,直接进行下一步骤。在固/液比1∶4.5、4.5molHCl中80℃搅拌浸出2小时,得到浸出渣35克,其中各元素的脱出率为(%):Cu99.4,As97.2,Sb91.4,Pb98.6(累计).浸出液经3倍水稀释水解并氨解后得到含锑77.14%的粗锑氧(Sb2O3).HCl浸出渣在固/液比1∶10,250g/L Na2SO4 4溶液中25℃搅拌浸出2小时,溶液回收银。一次浸银渣在固/液比1∶10,0.25MolH2SO4中加50g/L食盐,加4g NaClO3,80-90℃搅拌浸出6小时。浸出液分成三等分,与10ml复合萃取剂(80%混合醇+20%TBP)四份分别接触,萃取及分相3分钟,收集萃取剂,在60-70℃与2克草酸铵水溶液接触1小时,滤出还原的金。后者分别以水和无水乙醇洗净后制得纯金,其纯度为99.9%,回收率96%。浸金渣用前述相同条件再浸一次银。两次浸银液合并,用NaOH处理至NaOH浓度达到0.5Mol,25℃下搅拌加入5.5ml水合肼还原1小时,产出银粉经洗净并以50ml 3Mol HCl浸洗后,产品纯度达到99.9%,回收率达到96%。
本实验中因铋含量低,未单独回收。
实施例2
取如实施例1所说的阳极泥200克,在固/液比1∶10,250g/L NaOH中于85℃搅拌浸出4小时。各元素浸出率为(%):Pb-100,As98,Sb19.73,-24.75.浸出液冷却结晶得到含砷16.02%的砷渣。金和银在脱砷滤液和砷渣中的损失分别在<0.49%,0.02%和<0.02%,<0.0013%.脱砷液经室温3V、100A/cm2条件下直流电积6小时,得到含Sb31.31%、Pb23.02%的锑铅精矿。
脱砷、铅后的渣在375±5℃空气氧化焙烧8小时。烧渣磨细后在固/液比1∶8,3mol H2SO4中于80℃搅拌浸出2小时。浸出液加入5克NaCl沉淀AgCl,并并入银的提取流程以回收银;母液回收铜。硫酸浸出渣再用实施例1的方法脱锑,分离和回收金、银,并分别获得粗锑氧和纯金、纯银。金、银纯度99.9%,回收率96%。
实施例3
一种高砷铅阳极泥,其主要成分为(重量%):Au0.8(g/l),Ag2.91,Cu3.02,As22.93,Sb29.38,Pb6.39,Sn1.19.取该阳极泥200g在固/液比1∶20,200g/L NaOH溶液中,90℃下搅拌浸出6小时。各元素的浸出率为(%):Pb80.8,As94,Sb61.08。银和金富集3倍。以下工序,将富集物按实施例1的方法分离和提纯。副产品砷渣、锑铅渣和粗锑氧。产出银纯度达到99.9%,回收率96%。金的含量很微,未单独回收。
Claims (2)
1、一种从高砷铅阳极泥提取金银及有价金属的方法,包括利用NaOH浸出高砷铅阳极泥,并用复合萃取剂混合醇加磷酸三丁酯从溶液中萃取回收金,本发明的特征是有下述具体工序:
A、阳极泥在固/液比=1∶8~20、温度80~90℃条件下,用100~300g/LNaOH搅拌浸出1~6小时,视铅含量不同实验选择NaOH浓度及固/液比;
B、碱浸液冷至室温6~24小时,回收砷精矿结晶;
C、脱砷母液在电压2~3伏、电流密度90~300A/cm2条件下直流电积6~20小时,电积物回收铅精矿;
D、电积母液在80~90℃搅拌下加入石灰或石灰乳,其量为阳极泥料重的10~30%,作用1~6小时,滤渣回收石灰渣,滤液返回工序A;
E、脱砷、铅后的渣控制在365±10℃空气氧化焙烧8~12小时;
F、烧渣磨细后在固/液比1∶4~10,2~3mol H2SO4中于80~90℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,浸出液加入NaCl沉淀银,使其呈AgCl,并并入银的提取流程以回收银,母液回收铜:
G、硫酸浸出渣在固/液比1∶4~10.3~5.5mol HCl中于80~90℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,盐酸浸出液搅拌下加1~4倍水1~2小时,滤出沉淀,将沉淀物搅拌下加入到化学计量的稀氨溶液中1~2小时,得Sb2O3;
H、水解母液以铁置换回收铋、锑,置换母液以石灰中和,中和渣送铁厂回收铁,中和母液排放;
I、HCl浸出渣在固/液比1∶4~10,200~300g/L Na2SO3溶液中15~40℃搅拌浸出1~6小时,溶液回收银;
J、一次浸银渣在固/液比1∶4~10、0.2~0.5mol H2SO4中加50~100g/L食盐,加金含量5~15倍NaClO3,80~90℃搅拌浸出6~12小时,从浸出液中用混合醇+TBP复合萃取剂提取纯金;
K、氯化渣重复工序I,两次浸出银溶液搅拌下加水合肼还原得纯银;
L、二次浸银渣送熔炼厂回收锡等有价金属。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征是所说的浸出剂NaOH浓度为180-200g/L,固/液比为1∶10-15。
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CN102586604B (zh) * | 2011-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 | 一种湿法处理含砷铅阳极泥工艺 |
CN102634666B (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-06-05 | 葫芦岛锌业股份有限公司 | 一种从新鲜高砷铅阳极泥中氧压脱砷的方法 |
CN103334018A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 山东恒邦冶炼股份有限公司 | 一种从铅阳极泥中提取锑、铋的处理方法 |
CN103526042B (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-10-28 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 一种从金精矿中提取金、银的方法 |
CN104611567A (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-13 | 池州冠华黄金冶炼有限公司 | 一种碱法处理铜铅阳极泥方法 |
CN105907980B (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-09-28 | 西北矿冶研究院 | 一种从含锑烟灰中回收贵金属的方法 |
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