CN1045284A - 耐火不卷缩包芯细纱及其织物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本包芯纱包括一耐高温的连续玻璃纤维纱芯和一包在纱芯外面的耐低温短纤维包层。这种纱可用于形成细纹络的耐火炉燃织物,用作床垫、枕垫布、床单、装饰布、防护衣、帐篷、现场防火掩体及织物下面的防火阻挡层等。耐高温的连续玻璃纤维纱芯约占包芯纱总重量的20~40%,而耐低温短纤维包层则约占纱总重量的80~60%。包芯纱的总细度在约43/1~3.5/1英制棉纱支数范围内。这种包芯纱可纺织和针织成细纹络、非合股形式的织物。
Description
本发明一般涉及一种耐火防燃的不卷缩的、或不易皱缩的包芯细纱,这种细纱带有耐高温连续玻璃纤维纱芯和包在纱芯子外面的耐低温短纤维包层。更具体地说,本发明涉及这样一种纱,它适用于形成具有细纹络的耐火防燃织物,这些织物可用作床垫和枕垫布、床单、枕头套、帷幔、床垫套、睡袋罩、墙壁护层、家具装饰布、涂层装饰织物的衬里或衬底、装饰织物下面的防火阻挡层、帐蓬、遮蓬、跨距拉架结构、防护衣和直接处在燃火环境中的人员的现场防火掩体。
已知用天然或人造纤维纺出的纱织成织物,然后用阻燃的化学物品如卤素基的和/或含磷基的化合物处理织出的织物而生产出可用作床垫布、床单和类似物品的耐火织物的方法。这类织物的性能与非阻燃织物相似,并且磨损寿命有限。而且,它们在燃烧时,会发生典型的熔融或形成易碎的脆性焦片。
现在也已知用一种较重的耐火纱织成耐火织物的方法,这种纱中,耐低温的纤维是用环锭纺到连续玻璃纤维纱芯的周围的。但是,这种环锭纺的纱在纺纱过程中带有捻矩并且极易皱缩。由于这种纱具有皱缩的本性,因此,为了满意地将这种纱织成织物,而不会在针织或纺织过程中出现纱的缠结,必需将“S”形和“Z”形的环锭纺的纱合股起来,以便平衡纱的捻矩和皱缩。“S”形和“Z”形纱合股起来的结果,就形成了一种复合纱。这种纱较粗,因此不能纺出细纹络,较重量的织物。在某些情况下,纱芯中的玻璃纤维还会穿出天然纤维包层。可以认为,纱芯纤维外穿的问题与环锭纺纱过程中使玻璃纤维芯产生扭角、捻矩和皱缩有关。
现在生产涂层装饰织物的方法是:用棉纱或棉纱和聚酯纤维的混合纱纺织或针织成衬底或纱帘。然后对纱帘涂上一层热塑性聚乙烯的卤化物,例如聚氯乙烯。这种涂层装饰织物的耐火性极小(如果有的话),并且没有防燃性能。
考虑到上述情况,本发明的目的是提供一种细的、或重量轻的耐火防燃不卷缩包芯纱。这种纱适用于纺织纹络的防燃织物,这种织物可用作床垫和枕垫布、床单、帷幔、床垫套、墙壁护层、彩面装饰布、涂层装饰织物的防燃衬底或衬里,装饰织物下面的防燃阻挡层、帐蓬、遮蓬、防护衣和直接处在燃火环境中的人员的现场防火掩体。上述包芯纱带有耐高温的连续玻璃纤维纱芯和包在纱芯外面的耐低温短纤维包层,因此,不需要将成对的这些纱合股起来而获得扭角的平衡。本发明的捻矩或扭角平衡的包芯纱也减少了纱芯的玻璃纤维穿出短纤维包层的问题。
在本发明的包芯纱中,连续的玻璃纤维芯约占包芯纱总重的20~40%,而短纤维包层则约占包芯纱总重的80~60%。这种不易皱缩、不合股的包芯细纱的总细度在约43/1~3.5/1常规英制棉纱支数的范围内。包在纱芯外面的包层的短纤维,可以是天然的、也可以是人造的,例如棉、聚酯纤维、羊毛或这些纤维的混合物。
本发明的细纤度不卷缩包芯纱最好用穆拉特(Murata)气流喷射纺织机纺出,耐低温的纤维喂入设备中供料喇叭口的进口端,然后再通过设备的牵引部分,而连续的玻璃纤维芯则喂入最后一对拉伸辊之间,且位于短纤维的上面,两者一起通过方向相反的第一和第二空气喷嘴。然后将包芯纱卷成卷装。空气喷嘴促使耐低温纤维包层环绕并完全包住上述纱芯。因此,由其生产出来的纱和织物就具有形成包层的短纤维的表面特征,而纺出的纱的扭角、捻矩和皱缩(如果有的话)都很小。上述的包芯纱的不卷缩特性使其可用单纱或不合股的方法进行针织或纺织,而不会使织物出现不适宜的捻矩值,并且在针织或纺织过程中不会出现纱的缠结问题。
当由本发明的不卷缩包芯纱织成的织物暴露于火焰和高热时,包在纱芯外面的耐低温短纤维包层会被烤焦并烧起来,但仍保持在包围玻璃纤维纱芯的位置上,形成一隔热层。在有机的短纤维材料烧完后,玻璃纤维纱芯仍保持完整并形成一种网帘,烧成的焦块就附着在它的上面,阻碍氧及其他气体的流动,这种残存的网帘支架在短纤维包层的有机材料燃烧并碳化后,提供了保持织物完整性的结构。包层的纤维也可进行化学处理以增加碳化残渣的形成,这比烧成灰好。
由本发明的包芯纱纺织或针织成的织物可以用普通的染色和印花材料进行染色和印花,因为这种纱及其织物的外表面特性取决于包在纱芯外面的耐低温短纤维包层。这些织物特别适用于制造细纹络的耐火防燃织物,它们可用作床垫或枕垫布、床垫套、床单、帷幔、防护衣、现场防火掩体及类似的物品。
本发明的耐火不卷缩或不易皱缩的包芯纱也特别适用于用作仿麂皮绒和立绒的衬底和衬里,在这些绒料中,绒毛是沉积到涂在织物上面的粘结剂上的。这种纱也可用于涂层装饰织物,例如瑙加海德(Naugahyde)的衬底或衬里。这些涂层装饰织物可用来包住汽车、飞机等用的椅子、沙发和座位中的泡沫缓冲材料。这种涂层装饰织物一般带有由热塑性聚乙烯卤化物组分组成的层状结构,包括成分为聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、氨基甲酸乙酯或其他组分的顶层或表面涂层,聚氯乙烯泡沫层和织物的衬里、衬底或纱帘。当由本发明的耐火包芯纱织成的纱帘用在这种类型的涂层装饰织物时,聚氯乙烯层遇火就会燃烧并碳化,但纱帘的纱芯不会燃烧,也不会折断,形成了一层有效的挡火层,防止火焰穿过织物进入它下面的缓冲材料。
下面结合附图说明本发明的其他目的和优点。附图中:
图1是本发明的不卷缩包芯纱的高倍局部放大图,其一端的包层部分已去掉。
图2是用来制造本发明的细纤度包芯纱的穆拉特(Murata)气流喷射纺纱机的局部等角简视图。
图3是由本发明的包芯纱织成的一种织物的局部高倍放大等角简视图。
图4是与图3相似的视图,但表示由本发明的包芯纱织出的另一种结构的织物。
图5是涂层装饰织物的经放大分解的等角视图,这种织物中带有由本发明的包芯纱针织成的衬里或衬底织物。
图6是一种普通床垫的分解的等角视图,这种床垫带有用本发明的包芯纱生产的织物做的床垫套。
图7是一种用由本发明的包芯纱生产的织物制成的现场防火掩体的等角视图。
参见图1,本发明的耐火不卷缩包芯纱10包括耐高温的连续玻璃纤维纱芯11和包在纱芯11外面的耐低温短纤维包层12。如图1所示,纱芯11的连续玻璃纤维大致按包芯纱10的轴线方向沿纵向延伸,而包层12的短纤维大多是在纱芯11的周围以螺旋线的方向延伸,但有小部分短纤维单独分开并形成了螺旋形卷缠在短纤维主体的周围的束缚层13。由于耐低温的短纤维包层12围绕在纱芯11的周围并完全包住它,故包芯纱外表面的样子及其一般特性都与形成包层12的耐低温短纤维一样。
包层12的耐低温短纤维可选用各种不同类型的天然纤维(植物的、矿物的或动物的)或人造纤维,例如棉、毛、聚酯纤维、改性聚丙烯腈纤维、尼龙、人造丝、醋酸纤维素等纤维,或这些纤维的混合物。在下面所述的例子中,最好的耐低温短纤维是棉或聚酯纤维。
耐高温的连续玻璃纤维芯11约占包芯纱10总重量的20~40%,而包在纱芯11周围的耐低温短纤维包层12约占包芯纱10总重量的80~60%。下面将举例说明一些为纺织特定织物用的包芯纱中连续的玻璃纤维和耐低温的短纤维的具体比例。在这些例子中,细包芯纱10的总细度范围为约21/1~10/1常规英制棉纱支数,但本工艺的实际范围显然要宽得多,例如为43/1~3.5/1常规英制棉纱支数。
如上所述,本发明的包芯纱10最好用如图2所示的那种类型的穆拉特(Murata)气流喷射纺纱机来生产。一些美国专利(包括USP4,718,225;4,551,887和4,497,167)公开过这种纺纱设备。如图2示意所示出的那样,这种气流喷射纺纱机带包有一个进料喇叭口15,通过喇叭口15喂入耐低温短纤维12的纱条。短纤维然后通过一组拉伸辊16,而连续玻璃纤维纱芯11则喂入最后一对拉伸辊之间、并位于短纤维的上面。然后,玻璃纤维和短纤维一起通过第一液压旋流式空气喷嘴17和第二液压旋流式空气喷嘴18。此后,再由导辊组19将细纱从第二液压旋流式空气喷嘴18中拉出并绕成卷装(未示出)。第一和第二液体旋流式空气喷嘴或空气喷嘴17、18结构上可产生相反方向的流体旋流,如图2所示。在以相反方向工作的空气喷嘴17、18的作用下,一小部分短纤维分离并绕到没分离的短纤维周围,而且,这些缠绕的短纤维可使包层12紧紧地围绕并包住纱芯11。
下面阐述一些非限制性的例子,以说明按本发明生产的几种包芯纱。这些例子也说明了由这些耐火及不易皱缩的细纤度包芯纱纺织出来的各种耐火防燃织物中的几种。
例1
将具有为获得总纱重的37%所需重量的耐高温连续玻璃纤维11喂入最后一对拉伸辊16之间,如图2所示。与此同时,将具有为获得总纱重的63%所需重量的耐低温棉纱条喂入喇叭口15的进料端。棉纱条的重量为45格令/码,玻璃纤维芯为ECD2251/0(相当于198旦),最后所得细纱中棉纱部分的牵伸比(每单位长度棉纱条的重量除以每单位长度细纱中棉纱部分的重量)为86。由这种气流喷射纺纱工艺制得的不易皱缩的包芯细纱的常规英制棉纱支数为10/1,并且以纬纱、经纱纺织成如图3所示的普通两上-下向右斜纹的织物,其每平方码的重量为9.6盎司。
为了表示经纱A和纬纱B交织的方法,图3中将这种织物的组织画得很稀松。但是,实际织物的编织是很紧密的,为每英寸85条经纱和每英寸37条纬纱。这种织物特别适用作床垫布,并且可染色和可进行局部耐火热处理。如果需要,还可再进行普通的耐久烫压树脂处理。这种床垫布织物的手感和表面特征与结构相似的由100%由棉纱织成的床垫布相同,但却具有由全棉纱织成的床垫布不具备的所需的耐火防燃特性。
当按美国国家防火学会试验方法(NFPA701)(该法是将一垂直试样在本生灯火焰上绕12秒)对这种耐火防燃床垫布进行试验时,织物的烧焦长度不到1.5英寸,并且没有完全燃烧,也没有阴燃。若按美国联邦试验方法5905进行试验,即在高热通量的丁烷焰中垂直烧两次、各12秒,结果只烧掉22%,且阴燃为0秒。而用棉纱织出的相同结构、相同重量且经防火化学处理的棉布进行同种试验时,则有45%烧掉,并有6秒的阴燃。经所有的燃烧试验后,织物烧焦的部位保持柔软完整,没有变脆、熔融或收缩。虽然棉纱包层被烧着和碳化,但是,烧焦的部位仍然保持其包在耐高温连续玻璃纤维纱芯的外面的位置,形成一隔热层并阻止蒸气穿过织物,而玻璃纤维纱芯则作为一个基体或纹帘,防止床垫布的断裂,并阻止火焰穿过床垫布而与制作床垫的材料相接触。
例2
按例1所述方法由包芯纱织成一种床垫布织物。然后将这种床垫布做成大致如图6中标号20所示的床垫套。这种床垫套的一端带有一个开口21,和从开口向外延伸的可折到开口里面的盖舌22。然后将一普通床垫23装入床垫套20中,再将盖舌22褶藏入开口中并包住床垫23的一端。这样,床垫套20就可包住床垫23而形成一防火隔层,防止火焰穿过床垫套20而与制作床垫的材料相接触。由于使用了床垫套20,普通的床垫23便可防火防燃。
例3
用如图2所示将耐高温连续玻璃纤维纱芯11喂入最后一对拉伸辊16之间制得的本发明的包芯纱制成耐火床单织物。玻璃纤维纱芯的牌号为ECD450 1/0(相当于99旦),并具有能获得总重量的39%所需的重量。与此同时,将每码为30格令重的耐低温短棉纱条喂入进料管15中,棉纱条的重量等于可获得总纱重的61%所需的重量,且其牵伸比为124。
制得的不易皱缩的细包芯纱10的常规英制棉纱支数为21/1,然后以经纱A′和纬纱B′织出如图4所示的平纹结构,包芯纱10以每英寸60根经纱,46根纬纱进行纺织,织成的织物每平方码重4.75盎司。这种织物在平整后进行纤维活性染料印花,局部耐火化学处理、后洗及机械防缩处理。然后用与例1所述相同的燃烧试验方法对这种织物进行试验,结果其耐火性相同。虽然形成包层的耐低温棉纱被烧着并变焦了,但变焦的部分仍然保持在耐高温纤维芯的周围的位置上,这种床单可起到盖住被单和床垫的防火隔层的作用从而达到防止火势漫延的目的。
例4
由本发明的包芯纱织成类似于例3的床单织物,然后用这种织物做成大致如图7中标号30所示的现场防火掩体。这种现场防火掩体30可以由向上向里倾斜的侧壁31和端壁32组成,其尺寸完全足以盖住躺在掩体内面的人员33。这种现场防火掩体30可以折叠起来或卷起来,使体积减小,因此,林场消防队员很容易携带。如果消防人员陷入正在燃烧着的材料的包围中,便可迅速架设现场防火掩体30而提供一个临时的掩体,防止火焰进入现场防火掩体30中。现场防火掩体30也可以是如美国农业部森林使用标准No.5100-320E中所述的那种类型。
例5
由本发明的包芯纱织成一种涂层装饰织物用的衬底或衬里,如图5中标号19所示。该织物的衬里或纱帘19是用包芯纱10织成的,而包芯纱10则是按图2所示的方法将耐高温连续玻璃纤维11喂入最后一对拉伸辊16纺成的。玻璃纤维纱芯11的牌号为ECD450 1/0(相当于99旦)并且具有可获得总纱重的39%所需的重量。与此同时,将每码重30格令的耐低温短聚酯纤维纱条喂入喇叭口15的进料端,经牵伸(牵伸比为124)后为总纱重的61%。
这种包芯纱10的常规英制棉纱支数为21/1,并且织成如图5下半部所示的形成结圈的连续横行和纵行的平针编织针织结构。这种平针编织的针织织物19每平方码重2.8盎司,并且每英寸的纵行数为25.6,每英寸的针数为17。这种针织织物再涂以层状结构的热塑性聚乙烯卤化物组分,其顶层为5~10密耳厚的增塑聚氯乙烯,如图5中的20所示。在顶层20的下面,有一约15~40密耳厚的泡沫聚氯乙烯的中间层21。因此,顶层20和中间层21的总厚度约为20~50密耳。然后从涂层机上将这些材料取下来,进行印花操作,在顶层20上印上一层或多层花纹,印花完毕后,再加涂表面保护涂层。
当聚氯乙烯涂层材料在火焰中燃烧得到的残渣碳层本身不足于形成火焰阻挡层时,包在纱芯外面的耐低温聚酯短纤维包层就会燃烧并形成附加的碳层。残留的玻璃纤维纱芯形成了一耐火的阻挡层网帘或纱帘,它防止了装饰布的断裂并且不让火焰穿过织物进入由装饰织物包住的垫料中。由于包芯纱的玻璃纤维不会燃烧并保持织物的完整性。因此,提供了一层火焰阻挡层而防止火焰进入由装饰织物包住的垫料中。通过所有的燃烧试验后,织物烧焦的部位保持完整,没有熔融、流滴或类似情况出现。
在上述例子中,涂层是涂在织物衬里或纱帘的顶部或表面上的,但是,应该明白,也可提供带有彩面的背涂织物。由本发明的包芯纱织成的非彩面织物的一面或两面都可施加一层或多层涂层。装饰布、服装或被褥织物的背面都可施加涂层。
正如在已说明的形成特殊的耐火防燃织物中所公开的一样,所有本发明的耐火不易皱缩的包芯纱的例子都带有约占包芯纱总重的20~40%的耐高温连续玻璃纤维纱芯和包在纱芯外面、约占包芯纱总重的80~60%的耐低温短纤维包层。由于本发明的包芯纱是不卷缩的,且捻矩和皱缩(如果有的话)很小,因此使本发明的包芯纱能够以单纱法纺织而不要求两纱合股来平衡捻矩,故可用本发明的包芯纱织出细纹络的织物。由于在气流喷射纺纱机中纺出本发明的包芯纱时对玻璃纤维芯没有产生过高的皱缩和捻矩,故没有发现因玻璃纤维散落或破裂使断头向外穿出包芯纱的包层及其织物的外面等问题。由于能够用单根包芯纱来制造纺织的和针织的织物,故包芯纱能够织成细纹络的织物,且包芯纱的常规英制棉纱支数可在约43/1~3.5/1的范围内。与仅用现有技术生产的包芯纱至今能够织出的各种类型的织物相比较,它扩大了织物的细度范围。
本发明的耐火不卷缩包芯纱特别适合于用来纺织细纹络的耐火防燃织物,这些织物可用作床垫和枕垫布、床垫套、床单、帷幔、防护衣、现场防火掩体及类似物品。这种纱也适合用作涂层装饰织物,例如瑙加海德(Naugahyde)等,以及其它涂层织物,例如仿麂皮绒和立线,其中绒毛是沉积在织物表面上的粘接到涂层上面的,这些织物的衬底、衬里或纱帘等。本发明的包芯纱还可用来制造用在装饰织物下面的耐火防燃织物。
附图和正文中已经阐述了用以实施本发明的最佳方法,虽然用了一些专用术语,但使用它们仅仅是为了作一般说明,没有限制本发明之意,本发明的范围由权利要求书限定。
Claims (19)
1、一种用于形成耐火织物和涂层织物的轻重量衬底的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的包芯纱带有耐高温的连续玻璃纤维纱芯和包在纱芯周围的耐低温短纤维包层。
2、根据权利要求1的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的耐高温连续玻璃纤维纱芯的重量约占上述包芯纱总重量的20~40%,并且,上述的耐低温短纤维包层的重量约占上述包芯纱总重量的80~60%。
3、根据权利要求2的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述包芯纱的总细度处于约43/1~3.5/1常规英制棉纱支数范围内。
4、根据权利要求2或3的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的包层由棉纱组成。
5、根据权利要求4的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的棉纤维约占上述包芯纱总重量的60%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的40%。
6、根据权利要求4的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的棉纤维包层约占上述的包芯纱总重量的80%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的20%。
7、根据权利要求2或3的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的耐低温纤维包层由聚酯纤维组成。
8、根据权利要求2或3的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的耐低温纤维包层选自下列各种纤维:羊毛、棉花、聚酯、改性聚丙烯腈、尼龙、人造丝、乙酸酯纤维和这些纤维的混合物。
9、根据权利要求7的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的聚酯纤维约占上述的包芯纱总重量的60%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的40%。
10、根据权利要求7的耐火及不皱缩的包芯纱,其特征在于,上述的聚酯纤维约占上述的包芯纱总重量的80%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的20%。
11、一种耐火涂层装饰织物,它带有一细纹络的耐火防燃轻重量的织物衬底和一层实际上完全包住并粘附到上述的织物的一面的涂层,上述的衬底是由根据权利要求2的不皱缩的非合股的包芯纱织成的。
12、根据权利要求11的耐火涂层装饰织物,其特征在于,上述涂层由厚度为20~50密耳的热塑性聚乙烯卤化物组分组成,因此,当上述的涂层织物暴露于火焰之中时,涂层及形成织物衬底的包芯纱的包层燃烧并炭化,而留下一层耐火的不折断的阻挡层,防止火焰穿过涂层织物。
13、根据权利要求11或12的涂层织物,其特征在于,上述织物的衬底是一针织织物。
14、根据权利要求11的涂层织物,其特征在于,上述的涂层包括一层5~10密耳厚的增塑聚氯乙烯顶层和一层15~40密耳厚的泡沫聚氯乙烯的中间层。
15、根据权利要求11的装饰织物,其特征在于,上述的耐低温纤维包层由聚酯纤维组成。
16、根据权利要求15的涂层织物,其特征在于上述的聚酯纤维约占上述的包芯纱总重量的60%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的40%。
17、根据权利要求11的涂层织物,其特征在于,上述的耐低温纤维包层由棉纤维组成。
18、根据权利要求17的涂层织物,其特征在于,上述的棉纤维约占上述的包芯纱总重量的60%,并且,上述的玻璃纤维纱芯约占上述的包芯纱总重量的40%。
19、根据权利要求11的涂层织物,其特征在于,上述的耐低温纤维包层选自下列各种纤维:羊毛、棉花、聚酯、改性聚丙烯腈、尼龙、人造丝、乙酸酯纤维及这些纤维的混合物。
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CN1089126C (zh) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-08-14 | 赵亮 | 一种不燃性的混纺纱及其应用 |
CN1093574C (zh) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-10-30 | 赵亮 | 一种高硅氧纤维混纺纱及其应用 |
CN1870915B (zh) * | 2003-10-20 | 2010-06-09 | Php公司 | 用棉和工业用纤维的耐磨混合物制成的纺织品 |
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CN1089126C (zh) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-08-14 | 赵亮 | 一种不燃性的混纺纱及其应用 |
CN1093574C (zh) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-10-30 | 赵亮 | 一种高硅氧纤维混纺纱及其应用 |
CN1870915B (zh) * | 2003-10-20 | 2010-06-09 | Php公司 | 用棉和工业用纤维的耐磨混合物制成的纺织品 |
CN101124355B (zh) * | 2005-02-22 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社吴羽 | 混杂碳纤维细纱、其织物和该混杂碳纤维细纱的制造方法 |
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CN107142585A (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-08 | 上海伊贝纳纺织品有限公司 | 一种电弧防护面料 |
CN111254538A (zh) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-09 | 南通市苏中纺织有限公司 | 一种高耐腐蚀性海用纱线及其制造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH02234936A (ja) | 1990-09-18 |
DE68919473D1 (de) | 1995-01-05 |
US5540980A (en) | 1996-07-30 |
US4921756A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
EP0385025B1 (en) | 1994-11-23 |
CN1020641C (zh) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0385025A2 (en) | 1990-09-05 |
AU618917B2 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
KR900014653A (ko) | 1990-10-24 |
ATE114339T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
JP2933333B2 (ja) | 1999-08-09 |
EP0385025A3 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
AU4098389A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
DE68919473T2 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
CA1322135C (en) | 1993-09-14 |
KR930006011B1 (ko) | 1993-07-01 |
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