CN104483118B - Rotor dynamic and static rub impact fault diagnosis method based on instantaneous frequency shaft centerline orbit - Google Patents
Rotor dynamic and static rub impact fault diagnosis method based on instantaneous frequency shaft centerline orbit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104483118B CN104483118B CN201410750907.XA CN201410750907A CN104483118B CN 104483118 B CN104483118 B CN 104483118B CN 201410750907 A CN201410750907 A CN 201410750907A CN 104483118 B CN104483118 B CN 104483118B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotor dynamic and static rub impact fault diagnosis method based on an instantaneous frequency shaft centerline orbit. The method comprises the following steps: mounting two displacement sensors of which the included angle is 90 degrees on a vibration testing section; acquiring displacement vibration signals x(t) and y(t); performing EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) on the displacement vibration signals x(t) and y(t) respectively; performing spectral analysis on obtained mode components; respectively selecting IMF signal components IMFx(t) and IMFy(t) which are mainly power frequency components; calculating by using a direct orthogonal method to obtain instantaneous frequencies IFx(t) and IFy(t); subsequently decomposing single-component signals IMFx(t) and IMFy(t) into amplitude modulation signals and frequency modulation signals by means of normalization; synthesizing a shaft centerline orbit by using the calculated instantaneous frequencies IFx(t) and IFy(t) of one-time rotation frequency components in directions X and Y; identifying the running state of a rotor by using the shape of the shaft centerline orbit; extracting instantaneous fluctuation information of the rotating speed of the rotor by a bending vibration signal; synthesizing the instantaneous frequency shaft centerline orbit to realize effective diagnosis on rotor rub impact faults. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of improving the accuracy of the diagnosis on faults such as dynamic and static rub impact of the rotor and increasing the utilization rate of a bending vibration monitoring signal of the rotor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotary machine rotor fault diagnosis technology field, more particularly to based on instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center
Rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults.
Background technology
The vibration that Rub-impact failure causes often shows non-linear, non-stationary feature, is that class diagnosis difficulty is very big
Failure mode, existing some signal analysis methods tend not to accurately, intuitively to Rub-impact diagnosing malfunction, it is special
It is not the diagnosis of Rubbing faults faint in early days.
When rotor occurs along the circumferential direction impact and rub failure, rotor will tangentially produce a reverse friction power, power
Arm is rotor radius, so as to be applied with a moment of torsion opposite to the direction of rotation to rotor, causes the exception of rotating shaft rotating speed
Momentary fluctuation, i.e. rotor exception torsional oscillation, due to the Flexural-Torsional Coupling Vibration characteristic of Rubbing faults, rotor exception torsional oscillation information can embody
In the phase place of flexural vibrations signal.Contain in torsion vibration signal rotor touch mill etc. failure when fault message, will
Torsional oscillation information is used, and has very big benefit to diagnosing rotor fault, can greatly improve the accuracy of Rubbing faults diagnosis.Due to
Mostly the slewing of scene operation does not all install torsional vibration measurement device, it is meant that cannot the torsion of direct access slewing shake
Dynamic information.By contrast, most Diagnosing System for Oil Pump has all installed rotor radial vibration monitor system, if from radial vibration
Extract rotor transient speed information (i.e. torsional oscillation information) and rationally utilized, will carry for the field diagnostic of impact and rub class failure
For new thinking, with important engineering and economic benefit.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide based on instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center
Rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults, by the momentary fluctuation information of flexural vibrations signal extraction rotor speed, and synthesizes wink
When frequency orbit of shaft center, so as to realize the efficient diagnosis of Rub-impact failure.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is：
Based on the rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults of instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center, comprise the following steps：
Step one, in vibration-testing section, two angles of installation are 90 ° of displacement transducer, gather displacement vibration signal x
(t) and y (t), it is stipulated that the vibration measuring displacement transducer of first process is X-direction sensor in rotor rotation process, clockwise to rotation
It is Y-direction sensor to turn another vibration measuring displacement transducer after 90 °；
Step 2, respectively X, displacement vibration signal x (t) of Y-direction and the y (t) to measuring carry out EEMD decomposition, adjust
EEMD resolution parameters, it is to avoid the generation of mode mixing phenomenon；
Step 3, decomposing each mode component for obtaining to X, Y-direction displacement vibration signal EEMD carries out spectrum analysis, respectively
Pick out IMF component of signals IMF based on power frequency componentx(t)And IMFy(t)；
From EEMD, each IMF must is fulfilled for following two conditions：
A. extreme point number and zero crossing number on whole signal are equal or at most differ one；
B. at any point, the coenvelope that determined by all Local modulus maximas and determined by all local minizing points
The average of lower envelope be zero；
Above-mentioned condition, it is ensured that signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Respectively only comprising the vibration of a monotype, so as to obtain
Specify the instantaneous frequency of physical significance；
Step 4, respectively to monotype component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Instantaneous frequency is calculated using direct orthogonalization method
Rate IFx(t)And IFy(t)；
To simple component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Amplitude modulation and FM signal are resolved into by normalization, i.e.
Order：Orthogonal function is defined from the experience frequency modulation component of signal,
Therefore, the instantaneous phase of signalCalculated by following formula and obtained：
So as to try to achieve signal IMFx(t)Instantaneous frequency is：
Step 5, by the X for calculating, Y-direction one instantaneous frequency IF of frequency component is turned againx(t)And IFx(t)Synthesis axle center rail
Mark, by orbit of shaft center shape, is identified to rotor operation state,
When rotor normally runs, one times of instantaneous frequency for turning frequency component synthesizes Chart of axes track in certain area in nothing
Regular distribution；When rotor occurs impact and rub, power frequency component instantaneous frequency synthesis Chart of axes track is presented figure of eight characteristic,
Simultaneously instantaneous frequency is presented backward whirl phenomenon.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
A) essence of the invention is that the flexural vibrations signal extraction torsional oscillation information for passing through rotor, and then realize that failure is sentenced
It is fixed, improve the utilization rate of the flexural vibrations monitoring signals of rotor.
B) existing Analysis of Torsional Vibration technology is compared, the present invention just can complete to reverse without the need for directly installing twisting vibration harvester additional
Information extraction, has saved hardware cost.
C) the rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults based on instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center proposed by the invention can be very well
Ground indicates the orientation that impact and rub occurs, and can judge friction rotor failure according to the order of severity that the reversion of precession direction occurs
The order of severity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment rotor apparatus structural representation.
There is the sliding bearing of Rubbing faults for embodiment in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is the EEMD exploded views of original displacement vibration signal x (t) of embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the EEMD exploded views of original displacement vibration signal y (t) of embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the IMF obtained after embodiment X-direction signal EEMD decompositionx(t)Component signal.
Fig. 6 is the IMF obtained after embodiment Y-direction signal EEMD decompositiony(t)Component signal.
Fig. 7 is embodiment IMFx(t)Instantaneous frequency IF that component is tried to achieve by direct orthogonalization methodx(t)。
Fig. 8 is embodiment IMFy(t)Instantaneous frequency IF that component is tried to achieve by direct orthogonalization methody(t)。
Fig. 9 is embodiment by IFx(t)、IFy(t)The instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center of synthesis.
Figure 10 is the instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center obtained using the method when the rotor apparatus normally run.
Figure 11 is that embodiment filters the filtering Chart of axes track that orbit of shaft center method is obtained using EMD.
Figure 12 is to filter the Chart of axes track that orbit of shaft center method is obtained using EMD when the rotor apparatus normally run.
Specific embodiment
Describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Certain chemical plant carbon dioxide compressor machine set structure is as shown in figure 1, after operation a period of time at unit 10# bearings
Vibration quantitative change is big, tears machine overhauling open, and half-watt has and substantially touch polishing scratch mark on discovery 10# sliding bearings, as shown in Fig. 2 high pressure cylinder is specified
Working speed 13260rpm (221Hz).
Based on the rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults of instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center, comprise the following steps：
Step one, in vibration-testing section, two angles of installation are 90 ° of displacement transducer, and collection rotor occurs sound and touches
Displacement vibration signal x (t) and y (t) when mill and normal operation at 10# bearing monitorings section, it is stipulated that the in rotor rotation process
The vibration measuring displacement transducer of one process is X-direction sensor, and clockwise another vibration measuring displacement transducer to after being rotated by 90 ° is
Y-direction sensor；
Step 2, to touching 10# bearings X during mill, Y-direction displacement vibration data carry out EEMD decomposition, wherein x (t), y
T () represents X, Y-direction primary signal, adjust EEMD resolution parameters, it is to avoid the generation of mode mixing phenomenon, decomposition result such as Fig. 3
With shown in Fig. 4；
Step 3, decomposing each mode component for obtaining to X, Y-direction displacement vibration signal EEMD carries out spectrum analysis, it is determined that
X, Y-direction vibration signal EEMD decompose IMF2 in each mode component for obtaining and are mainly one times and turn frequency component, i.e. IMFx(t)With
IMFy(t), as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6；
Step 4, respectively to monotype component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Instantaneous frequency is calculated using direct orthogonalization method
Rate IFx(t)And IFy(t), as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8；
Step 5, by the X for calculating, Y-direction one instantaneous frequency IF of frequency component is turned againx(t)And IFx(t)Synthesis axle center rail
Mark, obtains Chart of axes track, as shown in Figure 9, it is found that instantaneous frequency Chart of axes track is presented figure of eight characteristic, and axle center
Occur precession direction backward position (top) in trajectory diagram and actually touch mill position consistency,
When sliding bearing and rotor are without impact and rub failure, in identical measuring point, same sample frequency collection 10# bearings
10# bearing X, Y-direction displacement vibration data are carried out same analysis by X, Y-direction displacement vibration signal according to above step.
With reference to Figure 10, Figure 10 is that, by 10# bearing X when rotor normally runs, Y-direction displacement vibration signal EEMD decomposition is obtained
One times turn frequency component solve obtain instantaneous frequency synthesis instantaneous frequency Chart of axes track, it can be seen that when rotor is normally transported
During row, one times of instantaneous frequency synthesis Chart of axes track for turning frequency component is presented random distribution in certain area.
It is respectively by 10# bearings when rotor occurs Rubbing faults and normal operation with reference to Figure 11 and Figure 12, Figure 11 and Figure 12
X, Y-direction displacement vibration signal EEMD decompose the Chart of axes track that a times for obtaining turns frequency component synthesis, it can be seen that rotor is sent out
There is substantially distortion in IMF2 (power frequency component) synthesis orbit of shaft center during raw Rubbing faults, but only relies on the difference, there is no method to confirm
There are Rubbing faults for rotor, especially when rotor occurs slight when touching mill, it turns the orbit of shaft center of frequency component synthesis to one times
Impact substantially with reference to proposed instantaneous frequency Chart of axes track, can may further not make a definite diagnosis.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
The specific embodiment of the present invention is only limitted to this, for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, is not taking off
On the premise of present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention by institute
Claims of submission determine scope of patent protection.
Claims (1)
1. the rotor impact and rub method for diagnosing faults of instantaneous frequency orbit of shaft center is based on, it is characterised in that comprised the following steps：
Step one, in vibration-testing section the displacement transducer that two angles are 90 ° is installed, collection displacement vibration signal x (t) and
Y (t), it is stipulated that the vibration measuring displacement transducer of first process is X-direction sensor in rotor rotation process, clockwise to being rotated by 90 °
Another vibration measuring displacement transducer afterwards is Y-direction sensor；
Step 2, respectively X, displacement vibration signal x (t) of Y-direction and the y (t) to measuring carry out EEMD decomposition, EEMD point of adjustment
Solution parameter, it is to avoid the generation of mode mixing phenomenon；
Step 3, decomposing each mode component for obtaining to X, Y-direction displacement vibration signal EEMD carries out spectrum analysis, selects respectively
Go out the IMF simple component signal IMF based on power frequency componentx(t)And IMFy(t)；
From EEMD, each IMF must is fulfilled for following two conditions：
A. extreme point number and zero crossing number on whole signal are equal or at most differ one；
B. at any point, under by the coenvelope that all Local modulus maximas determine and determined by all local minizing points
The average of envelope is zero；
Above-mentioned condition, it is ensured that simple component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Respectively only comprising the vibration of a monotype, so as to obtain
There is the instantaneous frequency of clear and definite physical significance；
Step 4, respectively to simple component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Instantaneous frequency IF is calculated using direct orthogonalization methodx(t)With
IFy(t)；
To simple component signal IMFx(t)And IMFy(t)Amplitude modulation and FM signal are resolved into by normalization, i.e.
Order：Orthogonal function is defined from the experience frequency modulation component of signal,
Therefore, the instantaneous phase of signalCalculated by following formula and obtained：
So as to try to achieve simple component signal IMFx(t)Instantaneous frequency is：
Step 5, by the X for calculating, Y-direction one instantaneous frequency IF of frequency component is turned againx(t)And IFy(t)Synthesis orbit of shaft center,
By orbit of shaft center shape, rotor operation state is identified,
When rotor normally runs, one times of instantaneous frequency for turning frequency component synthesizes Chart of axes track in a rotary speed area in nothing
Regular distribution；When rotor occurs impact and rub, one times of instantaneous frequency synthesis Chart of axes track for turning frequency component is presented the figure of eight
Characteristic, while instantaneous frequency is presented backward whirl phenomenon.
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| CN104849037A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 重庆大学 | Rotation machinery fault diagnosis method based on complex signal double-side spectrum analysis |
| CN105258892B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-12-11 | 沈阳鼓风机集团安装检修配件有限公司 | A kind of centrifugal compressor vibration fault detection method and device |
| CN106017956B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-05-08 | 重庆大学 | Rotary machinery fault diagnosis new method based on translational energy difference density spectrum analysis |
| CN106548150A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | A kind of Instantaneous frequency analysis extracted for herringbone bear fault signature |
| CN110119764B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-03-02 | 北京天泽智云科技有限公司 | Purification method of axis track under variable rotating speed working condition |
| CN110849414B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-04 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for identifying bending direction of rotor and storage medium |
| CN113514144B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-26 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Unbalance-rubbing coupling fault detection method based on eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN115615684B (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-04-07 | 和尘自仪(嘉兴)科技有限公司 | Pump shaft health detection method based on axis locus deformation monitoring |
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