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CN104487667B - 控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法 - Google Patents

控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104487667B
CN104487667B CN201380039699.6A CN201380039699A CN104487667B CN 104487667 B CN104487667 B CN 104487667B CN 201380039699 A CN201380039699 A CN 201380039699A CN 104487667 B CN104487667 B CN 104487667B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
data value
fuel
mode
temperature
oxidation catalyst
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201380039699.6A
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English (en)
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CN104487667A (zh
Inventor
A·埃格尔
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1445—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being related to the exhaust flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0601—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing being estimated
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
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    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1406—Exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1411—Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

一种排放流处理装置可以用于处理内燃机排出的排放流。排放流处理装置可以配置成接收用于在其中燃烧的未燃烧的燃料。可能期望确认条件是这样的：未燃烧的燃料可能在排放流处理装置中燃烧，而不是通过排放流处理装置而未燃烧。本发明描述了一种控制排放流处理装置的操作的方法。该方法可以包括在允许未燃烧的燃料进入排放流处理装置之前，确认排放流处理装置中流体的温度超过阈值温度。此外，可能期望确认排放流处理装置的操作的特定模式，以便确定用于在排放流处理装置中燃烧的燃料的合适量。

Description

控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及排放流体处理领域，尤其涉及控制具有柴油机氧化催化器的排放流体处理装置的操作。
背景技术
排放流体处理装置可以包括多个模块，其中每个模块旨在处理排放流体的一种或多种成分。这些模块可以串联设置，使得排放流体依次流过每个模块。为了按预期进行操作，一些模块可能要求排放流体超过特定温度。
排放流体处理装置可以包括柴油机氧化催化器模块和位于柴油机氧化催化器模块下游的选择性催化还原模块。当排放流体低于某一温度时，选择性催化还原模块可能不按预期进行操作。为了提高选择性催化还原模块中的排放流体的温度，以下方式可能是合适的：使用柴油机氧化催化器模块来增加经过其的排放流体的温度，以便增加到达选择性催化还原模块的排放流体的温度。这可以通过以下方式来实现：在柴油机氧化催化器上游引入未燃烧的燃料，以用于柴油机氧化催化器中的氧化，从而增加了离开柴油机氧化催化器模块的排放流体的温度。然而，如果柴油机氧化催化器模块的温度太低而不能导致燃料燃烧，则可能需要避免将未燃烧的燃料注入到柴油机氧化催化器模块中，否则未燃烧的燃料可能仅从柴油机氧化催化器模块离开，并可能由此对排放流体处理装置的后续特征造成损坏和/或直接传送到大气中。
针对该背景技术，提供了一种控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法。
发明内容
一种用于控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法，其中，该装置包括柴油机氧化催化器，柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，该方法可以包括：
接收指示入口处的温度的输入温度数据值；
接收指示柴油机氧化催化器中的流体流速的流速数据值；
接收指示燃料在柴油机氧化催化器中氧化所需要的预测温度的阈值温度数据值；
接收指示柴油机氧化催化器是在第一模式还是第二模式下进行操作的模式数据；以及
当输入温度数据值大于阈值温度数据值时，发送指示要注入入口上游的排放流体中以用于在柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的燃料的量的燃料数据值，
其中，燃料数据值是从数据库获得的，数据库包括与第一模式有关的第一组燃料数据值和与第二模式有关的第二组燃料数据值，第一组燃料数据值和第二组燃料数据值中的每个燃料数据值与输入温度数据值和流速数据值的特定组合相关联。
附图说明
图1示出本方法可以应用于其中的排放流体处理装置的实施例的示意图；
图2示出本方法可以应用于其中的排放流体处理装置的实施例的更详细的示意图；
图3示出图2的实施例的外观的示意图；和
图4示出说明本发明的方法的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
在描述本发明的方法的实施例的细节之前，下面是对本发明的方法可以应用于其中的排放流体处理装置的特征和宽泛操作的说明。
首先参照图1到3，示出了排放流体处理装置1的实施例。装置1可以包括流体流动路径，通过该流体流动路径，流体可以依次流过各个管道，例如第一管道10、第一端联接器15、第二管道20、第二端联接器25和第三管道30。第一、第二和第三管道10、20、30可以大致相互平行。
流体流动路径包括：串联的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)模块110、柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)模块120、混合器模块130、选择性催化还原(SCR)模块140和/或氨氧化催化器(AMOX)模块150。
在使用时，可以经由入口4将流体提供给排放流体处理装置1。流体可以进入第一管道10的第一部分中的DOC模块110。在入口4处接收之前，可以通过背压阀(未示出)控制排放流体的压力。
DOC模块110可以包括一种或多种催化剂(例如钯或铂)。这些材料用作催化剂，以使存在于流体流中的碳氢化合物([HC])和一氧化碳(CO)氧化，以便产生二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)。DOC也可以用于将NO转化为NO2，以便实现1:1的NO:NO2比。催化剂可以按照使催化剂材料的表面积最大化的方式分布，以便提高催化剂在催化反应中的效力。
流体可以从DOC模块110流到DPF模块120，DPF模块120包括旨在限制碳烟形式的碳(C)向前通过的特征。由此可以在过滤器中捕获流体中的碳微粒。通过已知的再生技术可以再生DPF模块120。这些技术可以涉及控制在装置中这一点处的流体的温度、流体的压力和流体中未燃烧的燃料比例中的一个或多个。
排放流体可以从DPF模块120进入第一端联接器15，其中其流过注射器模块16。注射器模块16可以与泵电子罐单元(PETU)相关联或者可附接到泵电子罐单元。泵电子罐单元可以包括用于为将要由注射器注入的排出流体提供贮液器的罐。这种排出流体可以包括尿素或氨。
PETU还可以包括控制器，该控制器配置为控制将要由注射器从罐注入的排出流体的体积。控制器可以具有例如可以从SCR模块140中的传感器得到的温度信息和NOx量的信息作为输入。
排出流体可以从注射器模块16进入位于第二管道20中的混合器模块(未示出)。混合器模块可以包括用于确保将源自第一管道10的排放流体与源自注射器16的排出流体很好地混合以产生混合流体的特征。
来自第二管道20的混合流体可以经由第二端联接器25进入位于第三管道的第一部分中的SCR模块。SCR模块140可以包括混合流体可以流过的一种或多种催化剂。随着混合流体经过催化剂的表面，可以发生将氨和NOx转化为双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)的反应。
流体可以从SCR模块140流到位于第三管道30的第二部分中的AMOX模块150。AMOX模块150可以包括氧化催化剂，其可以使SCR模块排出的流体中存在的残余氨反应以产生氮(N2)和水(H2O)。
流体可以从AMOX模块150流到位于第三管道30的第二端部32处的排放流体处理装置出口。
如图2所示，排放流体处理装置1可以包括传感器，传感器用于检测在流体流过排放流体处理装置1时的特定阶段的流体的特性。可以在DOC110的上游存在第一温度传感器(未示出)，在DOC 110与DPF 120之间存在第二温度传感器190和/或在混合器模块130与SCR140之间存在第三温度传感器191。可以在DPF模块120与注射器16之间存在第一NOx传感器192，并且可以在AMOX模块150的下游存在第二NOx传感器193。还可以紧接在DPF 120的上游存在第一烟尘传感器194，并且可能紧接在DPF 120的下游存在第二烟尘传感器195。
已经描述了排放流体处理装置的特征和宽泛操作，现在将描述本发明的方法。
参照图4，示出了显示本发明的方法的实施例的流程图200。
该方法可以涉及接收与三个参数有关的数据。第一数据值210可以指示流入DOC模块110的气体的温度。第二数据值220可以指示燃料有可能在DOC模块110中燃烧的阈值温度。第三数据值230可以指示DOC模块110中的流体的流速。
在使用时，可以将来自发动机的排放流体接收到排放流体处理装置的入口专用，以用于向前传送至DOC 110。排放流体具有被接收到DOC 110中的点处的温度。在气体被接收到DOC 110中的点处的气体温度因温度传感器的位置而不能被可直接测量。也就是说，紧接在DOC 110的入口之前可能没有温度传感器。该方法由此可以涉及接收在DOC 110上游的一点处的温度信息，以及可能通过预测模型或类似物来说明在上游点与DOC 110的入口之间的可能的温度变化。无论是否是直接测量，第一数据值210都指示流入DOC模块110中的气体的温度。
第二数据值220可以指示燃料有可能在DOC 110中燃烧的阈值温度。这一温度可能取决于操作条件或可能不取决于操作条件。
第三数据值230可以指示DOC模块110中的流体的流速。更具体地，这可以指示通过DOC的流体的质量流量(kg/h)，或者可以指示DOC中的流体的空速(s-1)。可以根据合适的传感器的位置，基于对在DOC模块的上游或下游发生的流体流的测量来预测第三数据值230。
例如，指示DOC中流体流速的流速数据值可以通过位于邻近DOC(即DOC的上游或下游)的流体流动路径中的质量流体流量传感器来获得。然而，流体温度的可能持续的变化和排放流体中的一系列组成产物可能导致这些传感器损坏和/或不可靠。
可选地，指示DOC中流体流速的流速数据值可以使用与位于发动机的气体(空气)进气口处的质量流体流量传感器相结合的模型来获得，DOC附接到发动机。该模型可以考虑进入发动机的气体(空气)流量、注入发动机的燃料的体积、任何潜在的排放气体再循环和任何其它相关参数，以便估计DOC中的流体的流速。
代替一个或多个质量流体流量传感器或者除了一个或多个质量流体流量传感器之外，还可以提供温度传感器和压力传感器的组合，其中，可以通过该组合实时地或通过参考模型、查找表或类似物来计算流体的流速。例如，通过测量吸入的气体(空气)的温度和压力以及邻近DOC或在DOC内的排放气体的温度和压力，可以估计流过DOC的质量流体流量。这种估计可以涉及模型、查找表或类似物。
质量流量值(kg/h)可以结合与DOC的几何结构和装置的其它特征有关的参数来使用，以估计DOC中的流体的空速(s-1)。
为了本申请的目的和/或为了其它目的，发动机控制单元可以采集这些数据中的一些或全部。为了本申请的目的和/或为了其它目的的模型和/或查找表可以存在于发动机控制单元中。
该方法可以包括评估240第一数据值210是否大于第二数据值220。在第一数据值210(指示流入DOC 110中的流体的温度)低于第二数据值220(指示用于点燃DOC 110中的燃料的最小温度)的情况下，该方法可以不涉及将要接收到DOC中的未燃烧燃料的注入，因为这可能导致未燃烧燃料通过DOC 110而不氧化。相反地，可能因为在接收新的数据210、220、230的集合之前的延迟，该方法可以返回到开始205。在第一数据值210高于第二数据值220的情况下，这可以导致获得模式数据250，以便确定要在DOC 110的上游释放以用于在DOC中燃烧的未燃烧燃料的合适量。
在第一数据值210高于第二数据值220的情况下，则该方法可以涉及对条件是指示第一模式还是第二模式的检查260、265。如图4的具体实施例中所示的，第一模式可以是预热模式，第二模式可以是运行模式。尽管图4可以隐含着依次进行检查(以对预热模式的检查开始，如果是否定的，则对运行模式进行检查)，但该顺序可以是相反的，或者可以同时进行检查。
如果第一模式和第二模式都是不可应用的，则可使用更高级的控制功能280以确定用于控制排放流体处理装置1接下来的步骤。
如果第一模式适用，则该方法可以包括查阅用于第一模式燃料数据的数据库，第一模式燃料数据与在步骤210处获得的输入值以及在步骤230处获得的输入值相关联。
如果第二模式适用，则该方法可以包括查阅用于第二模式燃料数据的数据库，第二模式燃料数据与在步骤210处获得的输入值以及在步骤230处获得的输入值相关联。
燃料数据值270、275可以指示要注入DOC 110的入口上游的流体中的燃料量或燃料流速。可以紧接在DOC 110的入口之前注入燃料。或者，可以将燃料注入发动机的一个或多个气缸(除了注入一个或多个气缸中但用于在发动机的冲程的不同点处在那些一个或多个气缸中燃烧的燃料之外)，这样额外注入的燃料目的不是在发动机气缸中燃烧，而是进入排放流体处理装置1，以用于在DOC 110中氧化。例如，待注入气缸的燃料的注入可以在气缸的排气阀打开时发生。
第一模式燃料数据值270可以不同于第二模式燃料数据值275，因为根据发动机的操作条件，要注入燃料的合适量可以是不同的。与DOC已经预热而运行时的情况相比，当DOC预热时这些值可以相当不同。
在图4的示例中，当DOC预热时，可以使用第一模式燃料数据值，而当DOC已经预热并处于正常的运行模式下时，可以使用第二模式燃料数据值。与正常运行模式期间的情况相比，在DOC预热期间，排放气体的温度可能更低。因此，在预热期间，可能存在下述的增大的风险：意欲在DOC中燃烧的燃料可能因温度太低而不在DOC中燃烧。因此，未燃烧的燃料可能完全地离开排放流体处理装置，出于调节的原因，这可能是低效并且不期望的。因此，与DOC已经预热时的情况相比，当DOC正在预热时，要进入DOC以用于在其中燃烧的未燃烧燃料的量可能需要被限制为更低的量。可以通过翻阅与在正常运行模式下使用的数据库相比整体独立的数据库，在预热模式下实现对燃料的限制。或者，可以通过获取与正常运行模式有关的对应数据但对该数据设置限制的方式来实现在预热模式下所要求的限制。该限制可以是对要注入以用于在DOC中燃烧的未燃烧的燃料的量的绝对限制。或者，该限制可以用于限制对用于在DOC中燃烧的未燃烧燃料的注入增加的速率。
尽管在本发明中使用了术语数据库，但数据可以存储在用于存储诸如查找表之类的数据的任何合适的设备。可选地，或者另外，例如，在通过根据某一函数关系进行计算从第一模式燃料数据中得到第二模式燃料数据值的情况下，可以存在计算燃料数据值的某一元件。这种关系可以旨在限制DOC预热期间的燃料的流量的增加速率。换句话说，在该实例中，计算可以仅用于限制燃料的注入速率，直到DOC中的流体温度足以确保燃料将在DOC中燃烧而不是通过DOC而不燃烧的时候为止。在另一实例中，在实际测量的输入值部分地在两个输入值之间的情况下，其中在数据库中针对两个输入值提供燃料数据值，对第一或第二模式燃料数据值的计算可能是合适的。在这种情况下，该方法可能涉及插值法或某一其它形式的计算，以确定合适的燃料数据值。
可能存在可能期望将旨在经过发动机气缸而未燃烧的燃料注入气缸中的各种原因和情况。一个实例可以是期望实现位于DOC下游的SCR模块的脱硫作为SCR脱硫过程的一部分。这种脱硫过程可能需要SCR中增加的温度，以便硫燃烧。SCR中增加的温度可以通过以下方式来实现：将未燃烧的燃料注入DOC(SCR的上游)中，以用于在DOC中燃烧，从而增加到达SCR的流体的温度。此过程可以间歇地发生，并且可能只有在对这种过程的需求已经被识别为整个发动机控制的一部分时发生。本发明的方法可以用作该过程的一部分。
尽管本发明没有描述用于与输入值(即，数据库值)的具体组合一起使用的一个或多个具体燃料数据值，然而，具体燃料数据值可以旨在：(a)最小化任何延迟，在此之前，SCR140中的流体温度上升到高于这一温度SCR 140便按预期操作在SCR 140上游的DOC 110中燃烧燃料的温度，以及(b)最小化未燃烧的燃料经过DOC 110而不氧化的可能性，这是因为这可能导致DPF 120或SCR 140的效率降低，和/或可能导致未燃烧的燃料被释放到大气中。换句话说，在DOC 110上游引入的额外燃料的量(由燃料数据值确定的量)可以足以导致DOC110中期望的温度增加，但不会太高以致于导致未燃烧的燃料通过DOC 110泄漏。根据DOC是在预热模式还是运行模式下操作，燃料的量可以是不同的。
本发明的方法可能不能完全消除未燃烧的燃料通过DOC的可能性。可能存在下述的一些情况：选择燃料体积，以便保持低于可能通过DOC而未燃烧的燃料的体积的可接受的阈值。
该方法可能作为正在使用的过程的一部分或作为专用服务过程的一部分，可以定期地应用，以便增加排放流体处理装置中的排放流体的温度。或者，为了增加离开排放流体处理装置的一个模块的排放流体的温度，从而增加进入排放流体处理装置的后续模块的排放流体的温度，可以燃烧燃料。或者，为了燃烧可能在其中有燃料燃烧的模块的过滤元件上截留的燃烧微粒，可以燃烧燃料。
可能存在可能期望将旨在经过发动机气缸而未燃烧的燃料注入气缸中的各种原因和情况。一个实例可以是期望实现位于DOC下游的SCR模块的脱硫作为SCR脱硫过程的一部分。这种脱硫过程可能需要SCR中增加的温度，以便硫燃烧。SCR中增加的温度可以通过以下方式来实现：将未燃烧的燃料注入DOC(SCR的上游)中，以用于在DOC中燃烧，从而增加到达SCR的流体的温度。这种过程可以间歇地发生，并且可能只有在对这种过程的需求已经被识别为整个发动机控制的一部分时发生。本发明的方法可以用作该过程的一部分。
术语排放气体和排放流体可以互换地使用。排放气体/流体可以包括固体微粒，例如烟尘微粒，在固相中时可以被理解为排放气体/流体的成分。

Claims (10)

1.一种控制排放流体处理装置的操作的方法，所述装置包括柴油机氧化催化器，所述柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，所述方法包括：
接收表示所述入口处温度的输入温度数据值；
接收表示所述柴油机氧化催化器中流体流速的流速数据值；
接收表示燃料在所述柴油机氧化催化器中氧化所要求的预测温度的阈值温度数据值；
接收表示所述柴油机氧化催化器是在第一模式还是第二模式下进行操作的模式数据，所述第一模式是预热模式，所述第二模式是所述柴油机氧化催化器的运行模式；以及
当所述输入温度数据值大于所述阈值温度数据值时，发送表示待注入所述入口上游的所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的燃料的量的燃料数据值，
其中，所述燃料数据值是从数据库获得的，所述数据库包括与所述第一模式有关的第一组燃料数据值和与所述第二模式有关的第二组燃料数据值，所述第一组燃料数据值和所述第二组燃料数据值中的每个燃料数据值与输入温度数据值和流速数据值的特定组合相关联，对于输入温度数据值和流速数据值的每个特定组合，与所述第二组数据值的数据值相比，所述第一组数据值的数据值表示较小的燃料量或较慢的燃料流速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，表示所述入口处温度的所述输入温度数据值通过以下方式获得：接收所述入口的上游的温度测量，并使用补偿因子以补偿在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口处的所述温度测量与实际温度之间变化的可能的变化温度。
3.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述流速数据值表示排放的质量流量或空速。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述流速数据值通过与预测相结合的测量获得。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，接收所述流速数据值的步骤包括：接收所述柴油机氧化催化器上游的流体的上游压力值；以及接收所述柴油机氧化催化器下游的流体的下游温度值和下游压力值，然后查阅查找表以确定与以下各项相对应的所述流速数据值的估计：所接收的上游温度值、所接收的上游压力值、所接收的下游温度值和所接收的下游压力值。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，将待注入所述入口上游的所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的所述量的燃料注入发动机的一个或多个缸中，在使用中所述排放流体处理装置附接到所述发动机。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，待注入的燃料的注入在所述缸的排气阀打开时发生。
8.一种排放流体处理装置，其包括柴油机氧化催化器和控制器，所述柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，所述控制器能够：
接收表示所述入口处温度的输入温度数据值；
接收表示所述柴油机氧化催化器中流体的流速的流速数据值；
接收表示燃料在所述柴油机氧化催化器中氧化所要求的预测温度的阈值温度数据值；
接收表示所述柴油机氧化催化器是在第一模式还是第二模式下进行操作的模式数据，所述第一模式是预热模式，所述第二模式是所述柴油机氧化催化器的运行模式；以及
当所述输入温度数据值大于所述阈值温度数据值时，发送表示待注入所述入口的上游的所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的燃料的量的燃料数据值，
其中，所述燃料数据值是从数据库获得的，所述数据库包括与所述第一模式有关的第一组燃料数据值和与所述第二模式有关的第二组燃料数据值，所述第一组燃料数据值和所述第二组燃料数据值中的每个燃料数据值与输入温度数据值和流速数据值的特定组合相关联,对于输入温度数据值和流速数据值的每个特定组合，与所述第二组数据值的数据值相比，所述第一组数据值的数据值表示较小的燃料量或较慢的燃料流速。
9.根据权利要求8所述的排放流体处理装置，其中，所述控制器是发动机控制单元的部分，所述发动机控制单元控制发动机性能的其它方面。
10.一种发动机，其包括根据权利要求8或权利要求9所述的排放流体处理装置。
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