CN104428481B - Directional drilling system - Google Patents
Directional drilling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104428481B CN104428481B CN201380032373.0A CN201380032373A CN104428481B CN 104428481 B CN104428481 B CN 104428481B CN 201380032373 A CN201380032373 A CN 201380032373A CN 104428481 B CN104428481 B CN 104428481B
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of technology contributes to bored borehole in numerous applications or other kinds of wellhole.Guidance system or other downhole tools are configured to have multiple actuators for being configured as providing controlled steering during drillng operation.Each actuator includes at least one moving element or ball being slidably mounted in corresponding sleeve.Pressure fluid is used to provide for the controlled motion of relevant sleeve of the element along the actuator.The controlled motion of the element helps to provide the steering or other controls to the downhole tool during drillng operation.
Description
Background technology
By boring a well for penetrating oil bearing bed, and obtain from the subterranean geologic formation (being referred to as reservoir) such as oil and
The hydrocarbon fluid of natural gas.Controlled steering or directed-drilling technique are used in oil, water and Gas Industry, with reach not at
Source immediately below well head.Prepare it is one or a series of with dog-leg bending or other kinds of inclined shaft section well when,
The control to drilling direction is provided using a variety of guidance systems.
The content of the invention
Usually, the invention provides a kind of system and side for being used for bored borehole or other kinds of hole in numerous applications
Method.A kind of guidance system or other downhole tools be configured to have it is multiple be configured as drillng operation (such as bored borehole make
Industry) during provide controlled steering actuator.Each actuator is slidably mounted on corresponding ball cover cylinder including at least one
Interior ball.Pressure fluid is used to provide for controlled motion of the ball along the corresponding ball cover cylinder of the actuator.The ball by
Control motion can be provided during the drillng operation to the course changing control of the downhole tool and/or other controls.As herein
Used, term " ball " not necessarily represents ball type device.Ball can be generally spherical in shape moving element, but it can be with
It is any acceptable shape, includes but is not limited to, general oval or generic cylindrical.Similarly, ball cover cylinder is not
Necessarily cylindrical shape, and can be the shape of any needs, to receive the moving element, such as, but not limited to, have ellipse
Circular or other noncircular cross sections cylinders.
However, do not depart from substantially present invention teach that on the premise of, may have a variety of modifications.Correspondingly, claim
The scope of the present invention limited is intended to encompass such modification.
Brief description of the drawings
Hereafter some embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein identical reference marker represents identical element.But should
The understanding, accompanying drawing show numerous embodiments described herein, and are not intended to limit the model of multiple technologies described herein
Enclose, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the wellsite system of the embodiment according to an embodiment of the invention that can use guidance system；
Fig. 2 is the signal of an example of the guidance system according to an embodiment of the invention for directed drilling
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the signal of the power according to an embodiment of the invention as caused by the actuator in rotary steering system
Figure；
Fig. 4 be it is according to an embodiment of the invention show relative to the universal joint away from the guidance system away from
From bulb diameter diagram；
Fig. 5 is the distance according to an embodiment of the invention shown relative to the universal joint away from guidance system
The diagram of the pressure demand of the ball actuator；
Fig. 6 is the section of the ball actuator with the ball piston in ball cover cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the ball actuator but the ball piston shown in Fig. 6 according to an embodiment of the invention positioned at actuating
The schematic cross-section of position；
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-section of ball actuator according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein, the sleeve includes using
In the groove for allowing to activate fluid and particle discharge；
Fig. 9 is that ball actuator according to an embodiment of the invention substantially shows along the sections made of the line 9-9 in Fig. 8
It is intended to.
Figure 10 is that ball piston according to an embodiment of the invention is configured in groove against extremely steering sleeve
To reduce the schematic diagram of contact on inner surface；
Figure 11 is according to an embodiment of the invention with multiple abnormal shapes for being used to receive the ball piston of ball actuator
The schematic diagram of the steering sleeve of recess；
Figure 12 is that the ball cover cylinder according to an embodiment of the invention for showing ball actuator is oriented to be not orthogonal to
The schematic diagram of the angle for turning to sleeve；
Figure 13 is the schematic cross-section of rotary steering system according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein, ball piston with
Sleeve is turned to be in rolling contact；
Figure 14 be it is according to an embodiment of the invention show ball piston be located at varied cross section product ball cover cylinder
Interior schematic diagram；
Figure 15 be it is according to an embodiment of the invention show ball piston be located at varied cross section product it is another kind of
Schematic diagram in the ball cover cylinder of type；
Figure 16 is the instrument according to an embodiment of the invention for showing and being combined with the ball actuator of guidance system
Schematic diagram；
Figure 17 be it is according to an embodiment of the invention have aspheric abnormal shape shape can increase hence for same diameter
Add contact area and reduce the schematic diagram of the ball of contact stress；And
Figure 18 is the schematic diagram that ball according to an embodiment of the invention is housed inside in corresponding recess.
Embodiment
In the following description, multiple details be set forth to provide the understanding of some illustrative embodiments to the present invention.
However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the system and/or method can be implemented in the case of without these details,
And multiple variations or modifications based on the embodiment are possible.
Disclosure herein relates generally to the system and method on guidance system, and it, which can be used to orient, drills out
Wellhole (just such as, well).The system and method provide a kind of guidance system, and it, which uses an actuator to produce, is used to be directed to
The steering force of drilling direction extremely it is expected in system oriented.For example, the guidance system may include to be coupled to by universal joint
The main shaft of output shaft (such as drill bit shaft)；And actuator (such as ball actuator) may be configured to make the output shaft relative
Pivoted in the main shaft around the universal joint.The actuator can include the ball in relevant sleeve, and drilling well mud
Slurry or other actuating fluids can be used for it is expected to turn to provide by making the output shaft pivot relative to the main shaft
Mode move the ball along their corresponding sleeves.
In some DRILLING APPLICATIONs, the guidance system can include rotary steering system, such as be bored simultaneously using backup
Head and the mixing rotary steering system for pointing to drill bit mode.The rotary steering system can be while high buckling performance be provided
Reduce to wearing the sensitivity with such as other specification of grinding, temperature and pressure.The rotary steering system is also compatible with drilling well
The polytype drilling mud used in eye application.These types bored borehole operation in, pump be used under stress to
Underground provides the drilling fluid of such as drilling mud.As drilling fluid is flowed into the rotary steering system, the drilling well stream
Body has a high pressure differential, and a part of drilling fluid is optionally oriented to the ball actuator with along corresponding ball cover
The mobile ball of cylinder.When rotary motion is passed to the rotary steering system, the actuator is to keep the output shaft
The mode that required angle is in relative to the main shaft is moved successively.The drilling fluid can on the outside of the ball nearby quilt
Escape and enter in surrounding wellbore.In addition, the actuator can be located at around the circumference position at the interval of the rotary steering system
Put, and in some applications, can have four ball actuators on the circumferencial direction around the rotary steering system to each other
It is spaced apart into about 90 °.Based on the application, each ball actuator for example including single ball or multiple can be slidably mounted on
Ball in multiple corresponding ball cover cylinders.
Guidance system described herein either well be also non-well environment and application in a variety of DRILLING APPLICATIONs in can
To use.For example, rotary steering system can help to drill out the wellhole through subsurface formations material and some other ground ball material,
To form polytype path.In the application related to well, NDS can be used to aid in directed drilling,
To form a variety of inclined boreholes.An example of the well system comprising the NDS is shown in Fig. 1.
With reference to figure 1, a wellsite system is shown, wherein it is possible to the embodiment using guidance system as described herein.Institute
It can be on the coast or offshore to state well site.In such a system, it is formed on by rotary drilling, well 11 in subsurface formations.
However, the embodiment of the guidance system can be used in polytype directed drilling application.
In the example shown, drill string 12 is suspended in the well 11, and has DHA (BHA) 100,
The DHA 100 is included in the drill bit 105 of its bottom end.Ground system include platform on the well 11 and
Headframe component 10, the component 10 include rotating disk 16, kelly bar 17, hook 18 and change 19.The drill string 12 is driven by rotating disk 16
Dynamic rotation, rotating disk are driven by unshowned mode, and kelly bar 17 is bonded to the top of drill string by rotating disk.The drill string 12 passes through
Kelly bar 17 and change 19 are suspended in hook 18, and the change 19 allows drill string to be rotated relative to hook, and hook 18 lies in travelling cunning
On car (not shown).TDS can alternatively be used.
In an example in this embodiment, the ground system further comprises being stored in the pond 27 being formed at well site
Drilling fluid or mud 26.The drilling fluid 26 is sent to the inside of drill string 12 by pump 29 by the port in change 19, makes
Drilling fluid flows through downwards drill string 12 as described in brill shown in direction arrow 8.The drilling fluid by the port in drill bit 105 from
The drill string 12 is opened, is then circulated up by the annular region outside drill string between the wall of well, as shown in direction arrow 9.
In the manner, the drilling fluid lubricates the drill bit 105, and pond 27 is returned to for while recycling, stratum to be cut at it
Upward band is considered to be worth doing to ground.
The DHA 100 of shown embodiment includes well logging (LWD) module 120 and measurement while drilling
(MWD) module 130.The DHA 100 can also include guidance system 150 and drill bit 105.In some applications
In, the DHA 100 further comprises motor, and it can be used to rotating the drill bit 105 or otherwise
It is as an aid in the drill-well operation.In addition, the guidance system 150 can include rotary steering system to provide Directional Drilling
Well.
The LWD module 120 is housed inside in a kind of drill collar of specific type, and can be contained known to one or more
The logging tool of type.It should also be understood that more than one LWD and/or MWD module can be used, as shown in 120A.(in full
In, the citation to the module of 120 opening positions equally alternatively represents the module of 120A opening positions.) LWD module can have
There is the ability for measuring, handling and store information and communicated with ground installation.In the present embodiment, the LWD module bag
Include device for pressure measurement.
The MWD module 130 can also be housed inside in a kind of drill collar of specific type, and can contain one or more
For the device for the characteristic for measuring drill string and drill bit.The MWD tool may also include the dress for producing electric energy to downhole system
Put (not shown).This can include the mud turbine generator (also referred to as " MTR ") driven by drilling fluid stream, should
The understanding, it can also use other electric energy and/or battery system.In the present embodiment, the MWD module can include a variety of measurements
Device：For example, weight-on-bit measuring device, torque-measuring apparatus, vibration measurement device, shock measurement device, stick slip measuring device, side
To measurement apparatus and/or inclination measuring device.As described in greater detail below, the guidance system 150 can also include being used for
The instrument of parameter (such as the pressure of the drill and torque-on-bit parameter) it is expected in measurement.
The guidance system 150 can be used for straight line or directed drilling, be stored up for example to improve to various underground oil gas
Layer approaches.Directed drilling refers to that well deviates intentionally from its original path.In other words, directed drilling is turning for drill string
To so that it advances in a desired direction.
Directed drilling is useful in many offshore DRILLING APPLICATIONs, because it can be such that multiple wells are drilled out from single platform.
Directed drilling can also make horizontal drilling pass through reservoir.Horizontal drilling can make the well cross the reservoir with longer length,
This improves the productivity ratio of the well.Directional drilling system may be utilized in vertical drilling operation.Generally, due to the quilt
The unpredictability on the stratum penetrated or because the variable force that the drill bit is born, drill bit can deviate predetermined wellbore trace.Work as hair
During this raw deviation, directional drilling system can be used to retract the drill bit on correct circuit.
In the application of some directed drillings, guidance system 150 is including the use of rotary steering system (" RSS ").In RSS,
The drill string is rotated from ground, downhole hardware makes the drill bit along desired orientation drilling well.Rotating the drill string can be reduced in drilling well
During the drill string generation that is tangled or blocked.Rotary steerable drilling system for drilling out from deviated borehole to underground can be overall
On be divided into " sensing drill-bit type " system or " backup drill-bit type " system.
In drill-bit type system is pointed to, the local axis of rotation axis from the DHA of drill bit deviates to newly
The general direction of well.The well is according to the common three point geometry characteristic limited by upper and lower centralizer contact and drill bit
Extension.The deviation angle of the drill axis can cause bend institute together with the limited distance between the drill bit and lower centralizer
The generation of the non-collinear condition needed.There are many methods to realize this purpose, be included in the DHA close to institute
State the fixation at a point of lower centralizer or adjustability bends, or the bit drive shaft being distributed between upper and lower centralizer
Bending.In its idealized form, the drill bit need not carry out substantive lateral cutting, because the drill axis is towards described
The direction of crooked hole continuously rotates.Point to bite type rotary steering system example and they how to run, retouched
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No. 2002/0011359, No. 2011/0052428 and U.S. Patent No. 6,394,193,6 are set forth in,
364,034th, in 6,244,361,6,158,529,6,092,610 and No. 5,113,953.
In the backup drill-bit type rotary steering system of routine, not special clearly mechanism makes the drill axis
Deviate the local axis of DHA；On the contrary, necessary non-collinear condition is by making any one in upper and lower centralizer
Or two apply eccentric force or skew to realize on the direction of the sprawling orientation preferentially orientation relative to the well.Again
It is secondary, there are many methods to realize this purpose, include the eccentric centralizer (side based on skew of non-rotating (relative to well)
Method) and to the drill bit it is expected turn to direction applying power eccentric actuators.Again, steering is by drill bit and extremely
Produce non-colinear between few two other contacts to realize, and the tangential side of the drill bit is to produce crooked hole.Backup
The example of the rotary steering system of bite type and they how to run and be described in U.S. Patent No. 5,265,682,5,
553,678、5,803,185、6,089,332、5,695,015、5,685,379、5,706,905、5,553,679、5,673,
763rd, in 5,520,255,5,603,385,5,582,259,5,778,992 and No. 5,971,085.
General with reference to Fig. 2, a part for DHA 100 is shown as including the guiding system coupled with drill bit 105
System 150.In this embodiment, the guidance system 150 includes being coupled to output shaft by the joint 204 of such as universal joint
202 main shaft 200.In DRILLING APPLICATION, the output shaft 202 can be included in the drill bit of rotary drilling-head 105 in drill-well operation
Axle.The output shaft 202, such as drill bit shaft, can be pivoted relative to main shaft 200 around universal joint 204, so as to allow it is controlled,
Directed drilling.During the rotation of the drill bit 105, output shaft 202 and main shaft 200 can be kept using actuating system 206
Between expected angle control drilling direction.In other embodiments, the universal joint 204 can be configured in the brill
In the other parts of post or tool post.Connect for example, the universal joint 204 and its associated actuators can be placed in controllable and flexible
In other downhole tools of head or such as fishing tool, wherein, the universal joint 204 and its associated actuators are used as underground
Angular actuator in instrument.In some applications, the universal joint 204 can be replaced by other kinds of flexible coupling.
In the example shown, actuating system 206 includes multiple actuator 208, such as balls that can be independently controlled
Actuator, to keep between output shaft 202 and main shaft 200 around the expectation angle of pivot of the universal joint 204.As schemed
Show, each actuator 208 can main shaft 200 and around turn to sleeve 210 between couple.The steering sleeve 210 is coupled to
In output shaft 202, being radially expanded and shrinking and cause output shaft 202 to be pivoted relative to main shaft 200 so as to the actuator 208.
However, actuator 208 can be located on universal joint 204 and/or under.In addition, according to the guidance system 150 1
As be directed to the form of drill-bit type system, the form of backup drill-bit type system, be also combined with pointing to drill-bit type feature with pushing away
By the form of the hybrid system of drill-bit type feature, the actuator 208 can be designed as relative to steering sleeve 210 or relative
Worked in well bore wall around, as shown in the figure.Output shaft can be controlled in rotary steering system using these any systems
Pivoting action around joint 204 relative to main shaft.It should be noted that the actuating system 206 can be used to include flexible pipe
In a variety of well systems of well system.
In the illustrated embodiment, actuator 208 includes the circumferential location for being positioned around the interval of the main shaft 200
Ball actuator.For example, at least three actuators can be located at circumferential position, but in several applications, four actuators can be with
Positioned at four circumferential positions for being spaced 90 °.Each actuator 208 can include single ball 212 or multiple balls 212, wherein,
Each ball 212 is slideably configured in corresponding ball cover cylinder 214.In example shown in figure 2, each actuator 208
It is that there are three balls 212 being slideably configured in three corresponding ball cover cylinders 214 so as to relatively described steering sleeve 210
The selectively mobile ball actuator of inner surface.The ball 212 of given actuator 208 causes relative to the movement for turning to sleeve 210
Turn to sleeve 210 and drill bit shaft 202 pivots relative to main shaft 200 around universal joint 204.According to application, ball 212 and its corresponding
Ball cover cylinder 214 can be located on or below the universal joint 204.Further, ball cover cylinder 214 can be oriented such that described
Ball 212, which acts on, turns to sleeve 210 or axle 200 or axle 202, to provide the pivoting action.In the application of some MTRs,
The ball cover cylinder 214 can be configured and be oriented to make the ball 212 act on the axle for being oriented to MTR.
Being transmitted relative to the opposite side for turning to sleeve 210 to the pressure in corresponding ball cover cylinder 214 in ball 212 can be passed through
Fluid controls the selectivity of the ball 212 to move.The pressure can be controlled by various corresponding flow systems 216
The transmission of power fluid, the control system are, for example, to be discussed in sensing drill-bit type described above and backup drill-bit type patent
Control system.For example, the flow system 216 can include optionally control pressure fluid to the actuator
The rotary valve of 208 flowings.In bored borehole application, the flow system 216 can be mud valve, and it is controlled in a sequential manner
Flowing of the system actuating drilling fluid to the actuator 208.When the drill bit 105 rotates, the order method of fluid transfer
Actuator 208 is encouraged, so as to keep the expected angle between the drill bit shaft 202 and main shaft 200, to keep required drilling direction.
The design of actuator 208 and total guidance system 150 provides high buckling performance, while improves pair and abrasion, temperature, pressure
And the resistance of the adverse effect of mud type correlation.In certain embodiments, flow system 216 can be computer control
The form of the valve of system, it can control the supply of the pressure drilling mud.In this example, the system 216 of computer control
The pivot around universal joint 204 can accurately be controlled.The accurate control can be used to be oriented to, but its can also by with
Controlled in other purposes, such as angular oscillation.
In certain embodiments, each actuator 208 includes single ball and sleeve, and in other embodiments, each
Actuator 208 includes more than one ball 212 and more than one corresponding ball cover cylinder 214, with the main shaft 200 and steering
Power needed for being produced in the confined space between the inner surface of sleeve 210.In addition, the diameter of ball 212 can be selected as and drill bit
It is consistent that required displacement request is pointed in 105 expectation.The selection of the diameter of ball 212 is also by between ball 212 and universal joint 204
Distance determine, as shown in the figure in Fig. 3.Effectively, the displacement of each ball 212 by the ball 212 relative to universal joint 204
Position and universal joint inclination angle determine.Distance between the diameter and ball 212 and universal joint 204 of the ball 212 with
It is related relative to the expectation amount of movement of main shaft 200 that drill bit 105 points to drill bit shaft 202 when it is expected drilling direction.Show in such as Fig. 2
The mixing backup drill bit that goes out and point in drill-bit type guidance system, bulb diameter and ball away from as the distance-like of universal joint according to institute
The expectation steering characteristic of guidance system 105 is stated to select.In Fig. 4 figure, as an example provide maximum bulb diameter with away from
From the graph-based of the relation between with a distance from universal joint 204.Fig. 4 shows maximum bulb diameter also for same example
With it is expected the ratio between displacement and the relation between the distance of universal joint 204.
When using more than one ball 212 in each ball actuator 208, keeping acting on the steering sleeve
In the case of identical power on 210, the bore hole annulus around the inside of the guidance system 150 and the guidance system 150
Between pressure drop can be reduced.By using one group of less ball 212, larger combination table area can be obtained, so as to phase
For the single larger ball with small surface area, it can use compared with low pressure drop and produce the power of formed objects.It is described single
Larger ball 212 needs larger pressure drop to act in the required power for turning to sleeve 210.In Figure 5, there is provided figure represents
To illustrate the pressure related to the ball 212 of the varying number in single actuator 208.Usually, make in each actuator 208
During with extra ball 212, required pressure drop can reduce.Fig. 5 shows described relative to acting on for the distance away from universal joint 204
Pressure on ball 212 is to provide enough power to turn to drill bit example.This figure also show apart from universal joint 204
To the required bulb diameter under set a distance.
When be used to activate the pressure fluid supply discontinuity of the ball 212 in given actuator 208, the pressure fluid can
With by the space between the ball and sleeve, or by the discharge groove or mouth in sleeve or ball, from the ball cover cylinder 214
Middle discharge.For example, the pressure fluid of such as drilling mud can pass through the conjunction of the ball 212 and the component external of ball cover cylinder 214
Suitable outlet discharge.As the pressure fluid is discharged, the pressure acted on the ball 212 reduces, and the ball can
To be moved in a reverse direction along corresponding ball cover cylinder 214.In other words, the ball 212 of this specific actuator 208 no longer acts on
In on the inner surface of the steering sleeve 210.The order of the pressure fluid for the actuator 208 arranged to multiple circle spacings passes
It is defeated, and the failure or interruption of this pressure fluid, it is allowed to the guidance system 150 keeps its guide direction.
Usually with reference to figure 6-9, show that exemplary ball 212 is located in its corresponding sleeve 214.In this example, Fig. 6
Show the schematic cross-section of exemplary ball rotation restricting device for compressor piston 218, its can be used alone or with each actuator 208
Additional delivery guider 218 is applied in combination together.The ball rotation restricting device for compressor piston 218 includes being arranged in its relevant sleeve 214
Ball 212.In this example, sleeve 214 includes what is connected with the fluid source in the pressure drilling fluid source such as supplied by pump 29
Hole 220.As shown in Figure 7, ball 212 is promoted in the access aperture 220 of fluid 222 of such as drilling mud to extended position, in this position
Put the ball and turn to sleeve 210 in the power movement on the inner surface of sleeve 210 by acting.Lip 224 can be used for
Ball 212 is held in ball cover cylinder 214.
Usually with reference to figure 9 and 10, there is provided an example of ball rotation restricting device for compressor piston 218, wherein, the sleeve 214
Including groove 226 to allow fluid to be discharged from the sleeve 214, as described above.The groove 226 may be utilized for carrying
For the lubrication to ball 212 and the other parts of DHA 100.Lead in addition, the groove 226 can provide fluid
Road, it is easy to the chip for removing the ball 212 and such as particle in the engaging zones of ball seat 214.
In certain embodiments, ball 212 can be applied, or it can be by the wear-resisting of such as metal, resin or polymer
Material forms.For example, ball 212 can by steel, " high-speed steel ", carbon steel, brass, copper, iron, polycrystalline diamond stone composite material (PDC),
Hard material (hardface), ceramics, carbide, ceramic carbide, cermet or other suitable materials are made.It should note
Meaning, along groove 226 around the drilling mud for flowing through ball 212 or other fluids discharge after activating and actuating when can high speed
Flowing.In some applications, the high-velocity fluid is imported into well by such as turning to the flow export in sleeve 210.By institute
State high-velocity fluid to import in well, the potential damage to guidance system 150 can be reduced, such as by the steering sleeve 210
Internal diameter corrode caused by damage.
In some applications, the contact between inner surface of the ball 212 with turning to sleeve 210 can produce high contact force/pressure
Power.However, there are many technologies to be used to by increasing the stress at contact area reduction contact point.For example, as in Figure 10
Shown, ball impression groove 228 can be machined or be otherwise formed into the inner surface 230 of steering sleeve 210.In each cause
It can equally be used to mitigate the ball 212 using multiple balls 212 in dynamic device 208 and turn to the contact stress between sleeve 210.
In some applications, multiple ball impression grooves 228 can be used collectively further to reduce contact stress with multiple corresponding balls 212,
And so as to allow that there is relatively low pressure drop between the pressure in the pressure and surrounding well on fluid-actuated ball 212.
Additional method can be used alone or in combination turns to sleeve 210 to limit contact stress and/or help to control
Movement, and so as to help to control drilling direction.As shown in the example in Figure 11, turning to sleeve 210 can be along inner surface
230 are designed with contact profile 232, and the tool-face of the steering sleeve 210 is controlled to improve.For example, the contact profile 232
Recess 234 can be included, it has bigger curvature than the normal internal diameter of the steering sleeve 210.
In certain embodiments, as long as producing can drive ball 212 to lean the mechanical force for turning to sleeve 210, the ball 212
There is can any shape in addition to spherical to transmit by the work done of actuating fluid 222.As used in this, term ball
212 are not limited to spherical ball, and conversely include wider shape, and can include the part with different curvature.Example
Such as, ball 212 can have the cylinder or ellipse for being designed to limit contact stress, with or without the contact of unique design
Profile 232.In some applications, the inner surface 230 of sleeve 210 is turned to different from changing, thus it is possible to vary the surface shape of ball 212
Shape.Other methods can include forming the ball 212 each other with different-diameter, or the quantity of increase actuator 208 and/or increasing
Add the quantity of the ball 212 in each actuator 208.Ball 212 can have the wheel for the inner surface for corresponding to the steering sleeve 210
The contour shape of profile shape, to improve the stability of such as downhole tool of guidance system 150.In some instances, Mei Geqiu
212 can be accepted in the respective recesses portion of the steering sleeve 210 or recess to improve stability.
In addition, ball 212 can be activated according to various programs or technology.For example, according to for control actuating fluid 222 to
The type of the mud valve 216 (or other flow systems) of the flowing of actuator 208, the ball 212 given in actuator 208 can
With all by excitation/actuating immediately；Can no ball 212 activated；Or the various combination of ball 212 can be activated.For example,
In a vollyball 212 in given actuator 208, a part for entire quantity ball 212 can be activated with some guiding operational periods
Between reduce guiding force.In further example, one embodiment can be designed as activating the single ball of three ball actuators 208
212 or two balls 212, and remaining ball 212 remains un-activated.
In another example, the central axis 236 of each corresponding ball cover cylinder 214 may be configured to relative to set
The intersecting RADIALs 240 of cylinder 210 are into non-perpendicular angles 238, as shown in figure 12.By the way that ball 212 is transferred into sleeve with angle 238
210, actuating power can be increased, while reduce the effective travel of moving sleeve 210.As further shown in Figure 12, turning sleeve
Some embodiments of cylinder 210 can include the centralizer 242 for being designed to act on well bore wall around.
According to the parameter of given DRILLING APPLICATION, ball 212 is also used as integrating in rotary steering system and motor system
" rotation " contact site, as shown in Figure 13.In these types of applications, the steering sleeve 210 is rotated, and motor is determined
Son/body 244 relative to the rotation the remains stationary of steering sleeve 210.Motor drive shaft 246 is directly coupled to turning sleeve
Cylinder 210 and drill bit 105 are to provide rotation.In the application of this type, ball 212 be used to turn to the interior of sleeve 210 described in backup
Surface also be used to promote to turn to when rotating the drill bit 105 by drive shaft 246 to be oriented to the drill bit 105
The rotational action of sleeve 210.
Usually with reference to figure 14 and 15, another embodiment is shown, wherein, the area of section of ball cover cylinder 214 is grown along it
Degree change, to change the gap between ball 212 and the inner surface of ball cover cylinder 214.For example, this mode can individually be made
It is used in conjunction with or with groove 226.As shown in Figure 14, the inner surface 248 of ball cover cylinder 214 can be gradually decreased to produce taper
Ball cover cylinder, so as to which gap changes with the change of the stroke of ball 212.For example, the taper and so as to which the sectional area can
To change, to provide close space when the ball 212 applies maximum, force, and allow larger gap in total travel,
To limit the power and clean the inside of the ball cover cylinder 214.Figure 15 shows another embodiment, wherein, cross-sectional area edge
The length of the ball cover cylinder changes, but described change is by using the one or more along the inside of the ball cover cylinder 214
Step 250 is realized.
In certain embodiments, by the way that the axis 236 of ball cover cylinder 214 is arranged into different directions, load can be adjusted
Distribution and force direction.For example, the axis of the ball cover cylinder 214 containing the row ball 212 along the side of guidance system 150 may
It is different from the axis direction of the ball cover cylinder 214 of the not homonymy along the guidance system 150.The ball 212 and corresponding ball cover cylinder
214 can also be set in every side of the guidance system 150 along helix.For example, each actuator 08 can have greatly
The multiple balls 212 and corresponding ball cover cylinder 214 set on body along helix.As described above, ball cover cylinder can each of have it is single
Individual or multiple grooves or groove 226 are with letting out in increase or the actuating fluid that such as drilling mud is controlled in the case of not increasing gap
Leakage.
Usually with reference to figure 16, another example is shown, wherein, at least some actuators 208 are by instrumentation.It can pacify
One or more sensors 252 are filled to monitor position of the ball 212 in its corresponding ball cover cylinder 214.For example, can be along each
The sensors configured 252 of ball cover cylinder 214 monitors position of the ball 212 in ball cover cylinder 214.Monitor the position of the ball 212
The inclination angle of turning sleeve cylinder 210 can be enable to be determined, to help to monitor drilling direction., can be with according to the parameter of given application
Use various sensors 252.The example of sensor 252 includes inductosyn, magnetic-type sensor, sonic transducer and other conjunctions
Suitable sensor.
Usually with reference to figure 17, another embodiment is shown, wherein, the ball 212 is aspherical formula.It is for example, described
Ball 212 can be cylinder or have the respective profile for being designed to act on the steering sleeve 210 or another actuatable part
Contour surface 254 on surface 256 it is barrel-shaped.The contour surface 254 and corresponding contour surface 256 can be shaped as and carry
For certain function.For example, the contour surface can be designed as increasing contact area and keeping the identical one of ball 212 simultaneously
As diameter, to reduce contact stress.
Another example is shown in Figure 18, wherein, ball 212 also includes contour surface 254.In this instance, ball 212 can be with
It is spherical or with other suitable shape, to provide required contour surface 254.Corresponding contour surface 256 is formed on
In the depressed part or recess 258 that accommodate the ball 212.In some instances, the depressed part or recess 258 can be designed as
The contour surface 254 is firmly held during the downhole tool operates.
According to DRILLING APPLICATION, DHA and total well system can include various parts and part configuration.In addition,
According to the design parameter of given drill-well operation, the actuating system can include many different types of actuator configurations.Institute
State actuating system can with various control systems, can for example assess the control based on processor of sensing data and output information
System coupling processed.In certain embodiments, the control system can be programmed to be based on programmed instruction adjust automatically drilling direction.
In addition, various rotary steering systems and other guidance systems can be used to aid in the directed drilling.Moreover, universal joint and
Other kinds of joint can be used to provide bending point between the main shaft and output shaft.
Although some embodiments of the system and method are described in detail above, those skilled in the art are easy
In understanding, on the premise of substantially the teachings of the present invention is not departed from, a variety of modifications are possible.Correspondingly, claim is limited
Fixed the scope of the present invention is intended to encompass such modification.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of directional drilling system, including：
Guidance system is oriented, it has the main shaft that the second axle is coupled to by pivotal point, and second axle is coupled to turning sleeve
Cylinder；And each circumferential location being installed in multiple different circumferential positions be used for it is described steering sleeve engage with
Multiple actuators of the steering sleeve and second axle are optionally pivoted relative to the main shaft, each actuator includes
The moving element being slidably mounted in piston sleeve, the piston sleeve is oriented to work as has foot in the piston sleeve
Enough pressure allows the moving element to act on the steering sleeve when being applied in the moving element, installed in given circle
A part in the multiple actuator of all positions can be activated, and installed in the multiple of the given circumferential position
Remaining actuator in actuator remains un-activated.
2. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, each actuator includes being slidably mounted on accordingly
Multiple balls in piston sleeve.
3. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the multiple actuator be included in the steering sleeve around
The main shaft at least three actuators spaced apart in a circumferential direction.
4. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 3, further comprise being positioned to managed pressure drilling mud to described
The valve of the flowing of multiple actuators.
5. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the moving element is approximately spherical ball, and multiple big
Cause spherical ball to provide to be in rolling contact with the inner surface for turning to sleeve.
6. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, some balls in the multiple ball have different from each other straight
Footpath.
7. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the steering sleeve includes at least one surface, it is described extremely
A few surface is formed as can be to receive the activity member in a manner of contact stress is reduced during pivoting the steering sleeve
Part.
8. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the piston sleeve be oriented to the steering sleeve into
Non-perpendicular angle.
9. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the cross-sectional area of the piston sleeve is along piston sleeve
Length change, so as to change the gap between the moving element and piston sleeve.
10. directional drilling system as claimed in claim 1, further comprise being configured to monitor the moving element in piston
The sensor of position in sleeve.
11. a kind of method for bored borehole, including：
Prepare the directional drilling system with the main shaft that the second axle is articulated in by pivotal point；
Multiple actuators are couple in the directional drilling system, wherein, each actuator includes being slidably mounted on set
Ball in cylinder；
Orient each sleeve so that the ball makes the second axle relative to main shaft around the pivot along controlled move of the sleeve
Point pivots；
A sensor is positioned along each sleeve, directly to monitor position of the ball along sleeve；
Sleeve will be turned to and be connected to the second axle, wherein, coupling is included the multiple actuator around the main shaft in circumference side
Opening position spaced upwardly is installed between the main shaft and the steering sleeve；And
At least one recess is formed to receive at least one in a manner of reducing contact stress along the inner surface of the steering sleeve
Individual ball.
12. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises：Make each actuator multiple formed with being slideably configured at
Multiple balls in corresponding sleeve.
13. method as claimed in claim 12, further comprises：By optionally being applied to each actuator in a sequential manner
Plus-pressure drilling mud come control the ball relative to it is described steering sleeve inner surface movement, so as to the second axle rotate the phase
Between keep required drilling well angle.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, further comprises：By drill bit be coupled to the second axle and rotate the drill bit with
Bored borehole.
15. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, coupling includes：The multiple actuator is configured at the pivotal point
Top.
16. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, coupling includes：The multiple actuator is configured at the pivotal point
Lower section.
17. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, orientation includes each sleeve of orientation, to make each ball along accordingly
To act on each ball at least one in the main shaft and the second axle for sleeve mobile.
18. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises：Each ball is moved using pressure drilling mud and using stream
The flowing of the valve control drilling mud of the computer control of autocontrol system.
19. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprises：Each ball is set to have and the profile along the inside for turning to sleeve
Corresponding shape, to improve the stability of rotary steering system.
20. a kind of method for bored borehole, including：
Directional drilling system is coupled to drill string, wherein, the directional drilling system includes the main shaft for being articulated in drill bit shaft；
The steering for the drill bit shaft for being coupled to the directional drilling system is configured at by being optionally directed to drilling mud
Multiple ball actuators in sleeve, are oriented to the directional drilling system；Each ball actuator includes ball, and the ball is flowed by activating
Body is moved to enable the ball applying power in corresponding ball cover cylinder；
The directional drilling system is operated to bore inclined borehole；And
When ball is advanced along ball cover cylinder, change the power that can be applied by ball.
21. method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, it is oriented to and comes the drilling well mud of pressurization optionally including the use of mud valve
Slurry is directed to selected ball actuator and acted on multiple balls, so that the movement of the ball makes the steering sleeve and the brill
Head axle is switched to required drilling direction.
22. method as claimed in claim 20, further comprises：The drill bit shaft is pivoted to by the master by universal joint
Axle.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/529,997 | 2012-06-21 | ||
| US13/529,997 US9057223B2 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2012-06-21 | Directional drilling system |
| PCT/US2013/041787 WO2013191838A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-05-20 | Directional drilling system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104428481A CN104428481A (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| CN104428481B true CN104428481B (en) | 2018-02-16 |
Family
ID=49769199
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380032373.0A Active CN104428481B (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-05-20 | Directional drilling system |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9057223B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2864570A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104428481B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013277645B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112014028708A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2872537A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA201590060A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2014014490A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG11201407118RA (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013191838A1 (en) |
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| US10655393B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2020-05-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Rotary steerable system |
| CN105625968B (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2018-04-13 | 通用电气公司 | Guidance system and guidance method |
| WO2016081718A1 (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Sensor system |
| US9464482B1 (en) | 2016-01-06 | 2016-10-11 | Isodrill, Llc | Rotary steerable drilling tool |
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| US10907412B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2021-02-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Equipment string communication and steering |
| US10731418B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2020-08-04 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Rotary steerable drilling assembly with a rotating steering device for drilling deviated wellbores |
| US11396775B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2022-07-26 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Rotary steerable drilling assembly with a rotating steering device for drilling deviated wellbores |
| US10267091B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2019-04-23 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Drilling assembly utilizing tilted disintegrating device for drilling deviated wellbores |
| US10378283B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2019-08-13 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Rotary steerable system with a steering device around a drive coupled to a disintegrating device for forming deviated wellbores |
| CN106801587B (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2019-07-26 | 大连中远船务工程有限公司 | Drilling platforms leaks mud circulating treating system |
| US11371288B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-06-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Rotary steerable drilling push-the-point-the-bit |
| US10544650B2 (en) | 2017-10-29 | 2020-01-28 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Rotating disk valve for rotary steerable tool |
| US11434696B2 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2022-09-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Directional drilling systems and methods |
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| WO2024220797A1 (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2024-10-24 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Downhole component having a variable bending stiffness |
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-
2012
- 2012-06-21 US US13/529,997 patent/US9057223B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-05-20 EP EP13806174.2A patent/EP2864570A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-20 WO PCT/US2013/041787 patent/WO2013191838A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-20 SG SG11201407118RA patent/SG11201407118RA/en unknown
- 2013-05-20 CN CN201380032373.0A patent/CN104428481B/en active Active
- 2013-05-20 BR BR112014028708A patent/BR112014028708A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-20 AU AU2013277645A patent/AU2013277645B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-20 CA CA2872537A patent/CA2872537A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-20 MX MX2014014490A patent/MX2014014490A/en unknown
- 2013-05-20 EA EA201590060A patent/EA201590060A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2864570A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| SG11201407118RA (en) | 2014-11-27 |
| AU2013277645A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
| EP2864570A4 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| CA2872537A1 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
| US9057223B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
| MX2014014490A (en) | 2015-02-24 |
| US20130341098A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
| WO2013191838A1 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
| AU2013277645B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
| CN104428481A (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| EA201590060A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| BR112014028708A2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
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