CN104357621A - Process method for grain refinement by induction quenching - Google Patents
Process method for grain refinement by induction quenching Download PDFInfo
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- CN104357621A CN104357621A CN201410564818.6A CN201410564818A CN104357621A CN 104357621 A CN104357621 A CN 104357621A CN 201410564818 A CN201410564818 A CN 201410564818A CN 104357621 A CN104357621 A CN 104357621A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process method for grain refinement by induction quenching. The process method comprises the following steps: preheating a workpiece in an annular inductor; immediately performing induction quenching for two or more times after preheating, and during induction quenching, heating while spraying water for cooling. According to the process method, steel is heated to lower limit of conventional quenching temperature from room temperature, the temperature is kept within a short time for austenitization, then the steel is cooled to the room temperature by quick quenching; as a ferrite grain tends to be transformed into a plurality of austenite grains under the recrystallized ferrite grain refinement effect and quick heating condition, the grain is remarkably refined; meanwhile, a steel part is quickly heated and cooled, so that the crystal nucleus growth can be inhibited and a fine austenite grain structure is obtained. The process method can be applied to heat treatment of steel grain refinement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Field of Heat-treatment, particularly relate to a kind of processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning.
Background technology
Metallic substance is maximum, the engineering materials that is most widely used of consumption in modern production life.Ferrous metal and ferrous materials, at Machine Manufacture, make in the equipment manufactures such as car shipbuilding, petrochemical complex and especially enjoy favor.Along with the development of national economy and the progress of science and technology, in product design and manufacturing processed, the problem of increasing material property and materials processing aspect can be faced with.
Improve method mainly alloying and the large means of thermal treatment two of ferrous materials performance.Wherein, thermal treatment is by changing the internal organizational structure of iron and steel to obtain a kind of hot-working process of required performance.In hot-work field, crystal grain thinning is a kind of effective means improving ferrous materials performance.The size of crystal grain and grain fineness number, have a great impact the mechanical property of ferrous materials; No matter for carbon steel or steel alloy, in most cases all wish to obtain close grain, because crystal grain is more tiny under normal temperature, intensity, hardness are higher, and plasticity, impelling strength are better simultaneously, and wear resistance is higher.The siliconized plate being used to manufacture motor and transformer comparatively made an exception, people often wish to obtain thick crystal grain makes that its magnetic hysteresis loss is little, effect is high.
The method of common crystal grain thinning has the increase condensate depression of casting field, Metamorphism treatment and mechanical vibration to stir, and also has the deformation process refinement, physical field refinement etc. of many scholars and technician's report.But heat treating method particularly induction heat treatment crystal grain thinning rarely has disclosure.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning, can nuclei growth be suppressed, thus obtaining tiny austenitic grain structure.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A processing method for induction quenching crystal grain thinning, comprises the following steps:
1) workpiece preheating in the inductor block of ring-type; Workpiece is herein carbon steel or steel alloy, and preheating temperature is carbon steel 330 ~ 370 DEG C, steel alloy 390 ~ 410 DEG C.
2) carry out induction quenching immediately after preheating, in heating quenching process, heat Liquid injection cooling.The cooling fluid of ejection should have certain pressure simultaneously, ensures the effect of cooling fast.
Steel is heated to by room temperature
a c3a certain temperature (conventional quenching lowest temperature), austenitizing is carried out in short period of time insulation at this temperature, then rapid quenching is cooled to room temperature, because under the effect of recrystallize Austenite Grain Refinement and rapid heating situation, ferrite crystal grain changes as the tendency of multiple austenite crystal, make the remarkable refinement of crystal grain; And, steel part is carried out to the technique means of rapid heating limit, limit cooling, can nuclei growth be suppressed, thus obtain tiny austenitic grain structure.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, repeating step 1) and step 2), repeatedly induction quenching is carried out to workpiece.Often once circulate, austenite crystal must refinement to a certain extent, the effective effect improving grain refining.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, step 2) in, adopt laser heating, and immediately to the position water-spraying control after heating.After quenching, cooling is at once conducive to suppressing nuclei growth.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, in step 1), inductor block does moving downward relative to workpiece along axis of workpiece, step 2) in, inductor block does moving upward relative to workpiece along axis of workpiece.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, induction quenching terminates to take low-temperaturetempering to workpiece afterwards.The final hardness that tempering temperature need require according to workpiece is determined, and generally takes low temperature 180 ~ 210 DEG C of tempering.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described inductor block has the heating collar of upper and lower two-layer mutually through hollow structure, described heating collar is connected at least three liquid-inlet pipes, the through heating collar of described liquid-inlet pipe, the heating collar inner edge of described lower floor is axially laid with the spray hole had angle with heating collar axis.Heating collar possesses the effect of heating and logical cooling fluid simultaneously, and the spray hole of cooling fluid is positioned at lower floor's heating collar, when inductor block moves upward, first by two-layer heating collar to workpiece induction heating, supply cooling fluid simultaneously, make the complete position of heating at once can carry out Liquid injection cooling by spray hole, reach the requirement completing two work in an inductor block, simplify heat treated equipment and operation.When inductor block moves downward pre-heated work pieces, not water flowing in heating collar.
The form relative individual pen heating that this inductor block makes two circle is abundant and even, and relative three circles also show advantage when laser heating quenches, and cool timely and effective.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, the spacing of described adjacent spray hole is 1.5 ~ 2.5 times of spray hole aperture.Ensureing that under the prerequisite that heating collar structural strength and coolant pressure are fixed, spray hole is more intensive, and the effect of cooling is also better.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: steel is heated to conventional quenching lowest temperature by room temperature by the present invention, austenitizing is carried out in short period of time insulation at this temperature, then rapid quenching is cooled to room temperature, because under the effect of recrystallize Austenite Grain Refinement and rapid heating situation, ferrite crystal grain changes as the tendency of multiple austenite crystal, make the remarkable refinement of crystal grain; Rapid heating and cooling are carried out to steel part simultaneously, can nuclei growth be suppressed, thus obtain tiny austenitic grain structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of inductor block of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be in Fig. 1 A to diagrammatic cross-section;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of part B in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 be workpiece modified after grain fineness number photo;
Fig. 5 is for heating once the Crystallite Sizes On The Surface photo of (W1);
Fig. 6 is the hard surfacing martensite photo of W1;
Fig. 7 is the induction quenching layer hardness from outward appearance to inner essence-concentration gradient transition curve of W1;
Fig. 8 is the Crystallite Sizes On The Surface photo of heating three times (W3);
Fig. 9 is the hard surfacing martensite photo of W3;
Figure 10 is the induction quenching layer hardness from outward appearance to inner essence-concentration gradient transition curve of W3;
Figure 11 is the Crystallite Sizes On The Surface photo of heating six times (W6);
Figure 12 is the hard surfacing martensite photo of W6;
Figure 13 is the induction quenching layer hardness from outward appearance to inner essence-concentration gradient transition curve of W6.
Embodiment
Adopt three shaft-like works in the present embodiment, material is 40Cr, size Φ 200 × 600mm, and all carry out same stove modifier treatment (860 DEG C × 3.5h quenches oil cooling thoroughly, 550 DEG C × 5h tempering) early stage, inspection hardness is 28 ~ 32HRC, and grain fineness number is chosen as 5.0 ~ 6.0 grades.
The induction heating equipment that the present embodiment adopts: KGPS 500/2.5-8 type thyristor intermediate frequency electric source, electric capacity 6KF, transformer turns ratio n1/n2=8:2, output rating P:60KW.
The technique of the present embodiment is as follows:
1, according to workpiece physical size and Working position, with copper tube making inductor block as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3.Inductor block adopts cross-sectional length 15mm, width 10mm, the copper tube of wall thickness 0.5mm makes.Inductor block has the heating collar 1 of upper and lower two-layer mutually through hollow structure, heating collar 1 is connected to three liquid-inlet pipes 2, caliber is 12mm, the through heating collar 1 of liquid-inlet pipe 2, heating collar 1 inner edge of lower floor is axially laid with the spray hole 3 with heating collar 1 axis angle at 45 °, the diameter of spray hole 3 is 1mm, and in horizontal circle, the spacing of adjacent spray hole 3 is 2mm.Two-layer heating collar 1 adopts hard rubber sheet insulation to connect and supports, diameter is Φ 216, and the gap up and down between circle is 15mm, and the gap at heating collar 1 inner periphery and workpiece heat position is 8mm.
2, the workpiece of quality adjustment condition is placed vertically along vertical heating collar axis direction.
3, need do refinement position and put into inductor block, and all need preheating on machine before mid-frequency induction hardening, preheating temperature is about 380 DEG C, and preheating is complete carries out induction quenching at once.
4, each electrical parameter of intermediate frequency equipment, thermal parameter, other factors etc. are regulated:
Specific power: 0.5KW/cm
2; Initiation culture: 5KHz; Starting current: 0.8KA; Voltage of intermediate frequency: 600V; Spraying hydraulic pressure: 0.15Mpa.
Preheating in first chance, inductor block is walked downwards, walking speed 1.0mm/s, and then inductor block is upwards walked laser heating, at once water-spraying control, and inductor block walking speed 1.2mm/s, the gap at inductor block and workpiece heat position is 8mm.
5, control lathe walking speed 1.2mm/s, power 60KW, first W1 heating once, heat water-spraying control, hydraulic pressure 0.15Mpa;
Second W3 preheating post-heating three times, all heat water-spraying control, hydraulic pressure 0.15Mpa at every turn;
The 3rd W6 preheating post-heating six times, all heat water-spraying control, hydraulic pressure 0.15Mpa at every turn;
Scene can adopt infrared radiation temperature measurement device to detect quenching temperature, and temperature controls at 880 DEG C ± 10 DEG C.Be cooled to room temperature in atmosphere after stopping heating, according to hardness requirement, within 3h, enter stove tempering.
6, the tempering of well formula air furnace is vertically placed in after all workpiece quenchings, with 200 DEG C × 3h tempering;
7, the surface hardness (HRC) in workpiece quenching district, the micro-vickers hardness (HV along depth direction is detected
0.2,15); The microstructure of metallurgical analysis three shaft-like work induction quenching layers also does grain fineness number grading.
By the quench cooled to three shaft-like works, its result of implementation is as follows:
1. W1 surface hardness 54.5HRC, heart portion maintains 260HV
0.2,15constant, induction quenching layer depth DS ≈ 5mm, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7;
W3 surface hardness 54HRC, heart portion maintains 257HV
0.2,15constant, induction quenching layer depth DS ≈ 6mm, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10;
W6 surface hardness 53.5HRC, heart portion maintains 271HV
0.2,15constant, induction quenching layer depth DS ≈ 7mm, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
2. as shown in Figure 4, before induction quenching, (quenched and tempered state) grain fineness number is 5.0 ~ 6.0 grades;
Shown in Fig. 5, W1 Crystallite Sizes On The Surface is 8.5 ~ 9.0 grades;
Shown in Fig. 8, W3 Crystallite Sizes On The Surface is 9.0 ~ 9.5 grades;
Shown in Figure 11, W6 Crystallite Sizes On The Surface is 11.5 ~ 12.0 grades.
To sum up, occur there are no thick martensite and the bad microstructure of undissolved ferrite at induction hardening layer after Q-tempering.
For conventional can the ferrous materials especially structural carbon steel of carbon content 0.40% ~ 0.50% or the steel alloy of quenching strengthening, adopt the processing method of the present embodiment, can ensure that after hard surfacing tempering hardened layer has sufficiently high hardness and wear resistance, and without obvious fragility, workpiece heart portion still keeps the intensity of former quality adjustment condition, plasticity and toughness.
Through intermediate frequency repeatedly induction heating spray cooling or extend to the component of ratio-frequency heating, as various axle class, bent axle, plate class, roll, gear, cam etc., surface hardness is except having the advantage of stress effect (can illustrate from surface hardness gradient) than the high 2 ~ 3HRC of normal quenching, surperficial generation, also make repeatedly than surface hardness once without decline, hardened layer hardness gradient transition is mild.The most important thing is the crystal grain of refinement effectively, top layer martensitic needles is shortened and attenuates, greatly enhance the mechanical property of component, extend its work-ing life, the considerable prospect that profit increases, cost reduces will be brought for associated mechanical equipment Manufacturing.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not form limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a processing method for induction quenching crystal grain thinning, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) workpiece preheating in the inductor block of ring-type;
2) carry out induction quenching immediately after preheating, in heating quenching process, heat water-spraying control.
2. the processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: repeating step 1) and step 2), repeatedly induction quenching is carried out to workpiece.
3. the processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, adopt laser heating, and immediately to the position Liquid injection cooling after heating.
4. the processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1), inductor block does moving downward relative to workpiece along axis of workpiece, step 2) in, inductor block does moving upward relative to workpiece along axis of workpiece.
5. the processing method of the induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: induction quenching terminates to take low-temperaturetempering to workpiece afterwards.
6. the processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inductor block has the heating collar of upper and lower two-layer mutually through hollow structure, described heating collar is connected at least three liquid-inlet pipes, the through heating collar of described liquid-inlet pipe, the heating collar inner edge of described lower floor is axially laid with the spray hole had angle with heating collar axis.
7. the processing method of induction quenching crystal grain thinning according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the spacing of described adjacent spray hole is 1.5 ~ 2.5 times of spray hole aperture.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104630421A (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-05-20 | 桂林理工大学 | Heating method for refining 40Cr steel austenite crystal grain |
| CN104831021A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-08-12 | 柳州金盾机械有限公司 | Process method for crystalline grain induction quenching and refining |
| CN105296715A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-03 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving hardness uniformity of casting roller sleeve |
| TWI597372B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-09-01 | 國立成功大學 | Grain Refining Method |
| CN112692221A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-23 | 辽宁乾金金属材料开发有限公司 | Automobile half shaft hot processing technology |
| CN115181892A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-10-14 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 1180 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy TRIP steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104630421A (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-05-20 | 桂林理工大学 | Heating method for refining 40Cr steel austenite crystal grain |
| CN104831021A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-08-12 | 柳州金盾机械有限公司 | Process method for crystalline grain induction quenching and refining |
| CN105296715A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-03 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving hardness uniformity of casting roller sleeve |
| CN105296715B (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-01-02 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method for lifting Casting Roller set uniformity of hardness |
| TWI597372B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-09-01 | 國立成功大學 | Grain Refining Method |
| CN112692221A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-23 | 辽宁乾金金属材料开发有限公司 | Automobile half shaft hot processing technology |
| CN115181892A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-10-14 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 1180 MPa-grade low-carbon low-alloy TRIP steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method |
| CN115181892B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-07-11 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 1180 MPa-level low-carbon low-alloy TRIP steel and rapid heat treatment manufacturing method |
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