CN104330754B - Superconduction weak magnetic signal detects magnetometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
Magnetometer is detected the invention discloses superconduction weak magnetic signal, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three shaft position meter, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, power supply power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, traditional induction coil is substituted as magnetometer probe using low-temperature superconducting quantum interfering device, improve the sensitivity of magnetometer and fathom, precision.The present invention is a newest weak magnetic signal detecting devices in the world, compared to traditional electronic magnetic instrument, superconduction weak magnetic signal detects high resolution, precision height, high-intelligentization, the high stability of magnetometer, in addition to for Geophysical Work, it may also be used for the heart, brain magnetic measurement medically；Non-Destructive Testing in engineering etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to detection of magnetic field field, more particularly to a kind of weak magnetic signal detecting devices.
Background technology
The accuracy of magnetometer collection magnetic field data and the degree of accuracy will directly affect the effect of exploration or detection, and it is mainly used
It is the infrastructure device of the magnetic prospecting in geophysical prospecting method, in boat in an important basic parameter-earth's magnetic field of the measurement earth
My god, military detection and monitoring (submarine), earthquake prediction, geologic mapping, mineral resources exploration, space physics research, engage in archaeological studies, environment
The various fields extensive use such as monitoring, biomagnetism.
China is the country for studying magnetic field of the earth earliest in history.But to modern age, the technology of magnetometer falls behind significantly
In western countries.After founding of New, the magnetometer technology of China has started difficult starting.Successively it have developed suspension-wire type magnetic force
Instrument, flux-gate magnetometer, magnetic spy instrument, proton magnetometer, DI magnetometers, optical pumped magnetometer.After reform and opening-up, China, which has introduced, to be added
The MP-4 types proton magnetometer and the G-856AX type proton magnetometers in the U.S. put on airs.The ground magnetic exploration level of China is short
International most advanced level has been reached in time.Since 21 century, country increases to geological cause dynamics of investment, and society is to proton
The demand of magnetometer surges.But, the magnetometer of China has in technological level, in instrumental function with external advanced magnetometer
Very big gap, also lags behind external advanced magnetometer on Stability and dependability.The technological innovation of magnetometer is far from enough.
It is badly in need of solving problems with geologic survey and exploration：(1) deep mine locating (metallic ore and colliery)：Due to earth's surface
Mineral products increasingly depleted, mineral products investigation and exploration require to explore to more than 1000 meters depth, and current technology means can not be met will
Ask；(2) oil-gas exploration：At present can depth measurement degree be unsatisfactory for require；(3) airborne exploration：Current aerial survey means can only meet big face
Product generaI investigation, it is impossible to meet exploration and require；(4) detection of rift structure and monitoring in real time：Landslide, mud-rock flow, dam break, adopt
Dead zone is collapsed, bridge collapse, accident detection and the monitoring technology such as permeable.In engineering, a satisfied underground objects detection system,
It is all extremely complex in design and realization.Because earth interior allows the channel used to limit, receiver level, information processing skill
Art and signal and very faint reason in itself, have fettered development and the practical application of underground objects detection system.
Transient electromagnetic method is to underground transmitting pulsatile once magnetic field, in pulsatile once using earth-free loop line or ground connection line source
Using caused secondary inductive loop in coil or grounding electrode observation underground medium between the interval of magnetic field, so as to detect medium electricity
A kind of method of resistance rate.Its basic methods is：The transmitting coil of certain waveform-shaped current is passed in ground or aerial setting, from
And an electromagnetic field is produced in its surrounding space, and produce induced-current in the conductive rock ore body in underground；After power-off, induced electricity
Stream is decayed due to thermal losses with the time.Attenuation process is generally divided into early, neutralization late period.The electromagnetic field of early stage is equivalent to frequency domain
In radio-frequency component, decay is fast, skin depth is small；And late period composition is decayed slow then equivalent to the low-frequency component in frequency domain, become
Skin depth is big.Rule is changed over time by the secondary field for measuring each period after power-off, the ground electricity of different depth is can obtain
Feature.
The operating efficiency of transient electromagnetic method is high, but can not replace other electrical prospecting means, has big when periphery runs into
During the metal structure in ground or space, not enough, the data measured are unusable for its sensitivity and stability, should now supplement straight
Flow electrical method or other geophysical prospecting methods；Antijamming capability is not enough simultaneously, when surface of stratum runs into substantial amounts of low resistivity layer mineralized belt (such as
Surface of stratum is full of graphite linings) transient electromagnetic method can not be measured reliably, therefore to consider geologic structure when selecting measurement；
In addition, measurement process is comparatively laborious, lack supporting complete data processing system, the visible rock of earth's surface is recorded at any time special
Levy, the inclination angle of device and elevation, in follow-up explanation, accurately to divide stratigraphic structure, while in a work area work
Before work, to test, select rational device and supply current, once it is determined that, it is impossible to change device and confession in the measurements
Electric current, is otherwise impacted to explanation.The datum mark for finding known formation as far as possible before work area is entered is calibrated to instrument,
It just can ensure that the accuracy of measurement.
The weak magnetic signal and measuring system of based superconductive quantum interfering device (SQUID), are the still places extremely paid close attention in the world
In the measuring method of starting stage, and very sensitive and secrecy.Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) utilizes Weak link in superconducting ring
Magnetic flux-voltage transition element for being made of Josephson effect, can detect 10-16T/(Hz)1/2Weak magentic-field signal, tool
There is the incomparable magnetic field sensitivity of other traditional sensors, be current sensitivity highest magnetometer.But it can not be direct
Magnetic field is converted to the voltage or electric current of measurement, it is necessary to by sophisticated electronic component be flux locked loop, magnetic field can just be believed
Number it is converted into measurable voltage signal.The magnetometer of based superconductive quantum interfering device (SQUID), it is very clever to weak magnetic signal
It is quick, and LF-response is good, it is possible to resolve traditional above-mentioned exploration problem based on Techniques in Electromagnetic Measurement.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Research and develop a kind of superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer, overcome existing transient electromagnetic method weak magnetic signal with
The defect and deficiency of measuring system, improve its sensitivity, stability and antijamming capability, increase data signal processing system, carry
High detection performance on the spot.
Technical scheme：Superconduction weak magnetic signal detects magnetometer, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, vertical
The shaft position meter of body three, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, power supply power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, with low
Temperature superconductive quantum interfering device substitutes traditional induction coil as magnetometer probe, and the sensitivity and measurement for improving magnetometer are deep
Degree, precision (such as Fig. 1).
Structural relation in the superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer between core component is (Fig. 2) specific as follows：
(1) it is slow during liquid feeding helium added with liquid helium in Non-magnetic dewar (Fig. 3), in case liquid helium splash is to body；
(2) superconducting quantum interference device, three superconductive quantum interferences are installed on three-dimensional three shaft position meter
Device is respectively placed in the groove in three mutually orthogonal faces of three-dimensional three shaft position meter, and the wire of fluted external surface, which is fixed, to be connected
Connect signal cable line；
(3) three-dimensional three shaft position meter and microcontrol processor, three-dimensional three shaft position meter are connected by probe rod
Signal cable line passed through in the middle of the probe rod of probe, microcontrol processor is arranged in probe rod base plane；
(4) three-dimensional three shaft position meter for installing superconducting quantum interference device is slowly put into the Non-magnetic dewar equipped with liquid helium
In, the front end of the probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with three-dimensional three shaft position meter；
(5) base plane of the probe rod is arranged in cassette rack with microcontrol processor；
(6) coaxial cable of the superconducting quantum interference device is connected with the microcontrol processor, by cable by micro-control
Processor processed is connected with power supply power supply unit, main frame, and system assembles are completed.
The effect of the Non-magnetic dewar is to maintain the low temperature environment needed for superconducting quantum interference device normal work, inside filling
Liquid helium is used as refrigerant；Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces inside and outside Dewar
Heat exchange, to keep the low evaporation rate of internal liquid helium；Its selected materials is less than 10 using magnetic susceptibility-5Gs/Oe's is nonmagnetic
Material-and without magnetic GRP, non-magnetic material can avoid the magnetic noise of inducting occurred under action of alternating magnetic field, and this is without magnetic glass
Steel is to be formed without magnetic glass fibre by specific epoxy bonding agent, polyurethane curing agent and other agent adhering and solidifyings；
The superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or by two direct currents
Superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID) Weak link is constituted, and the superconductivity at Weak link is by strong inhibition；The superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer grows up on the basis of Josephson effect and flux quautization effect, can be by the small of electric field and magnetic field
Change is converted to measurable voltage, and its performance is considerably beyond conventional device, with high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect
10-16T/(Hz)1/2Weak magentic-field signal, with the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable；The superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer is operated in about 4K under liquid helium low-temperature condition.
To realize that space omnidirectional measures Distribution of Magnetic Field, three-dimensional three shaft position meter includes three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings,
Each superconducting ring embeds one superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) of connection, so as to dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance；Three-dimensional three axles
Position indicator hardwired electronic circuits mainly provides signal for superconducting quantum interference device, determine superconducting quantum interference device operating point and
Communicated with microcontrol processor；Suppress in three-dimensional three shaft position meter three superconducting rings with adaptive filter algorithm
Moving magnetic field noise, its noise source is that superconducting ring disturbs magnetic field of the earth generation in terrestrial space.Adaptive filter algorithm
Cardinal principle is the small variance technique of utilization, to eliminate dynamic moving field noise.Mainly use metallic plate, wire netting, can
Deng metallic object, electromagnetic field is limited in the range of certain space or electromagnetic field intensity is impaired to certain order of magnitude, it is shielded
Structure type includes shielded partitions, altogether lid shielding construction, individually shielded and double layer screen, so that string inside suppression circuit can be realized
Disturb with external disturbance etc..
The Chao, which leads quantum Gan Wataru devices, to be directly converted to measurable voltage or electric current magnetic field, it is necessary to by multiple
Miscellaneous electronic circuit, which carries out conversion, could be converted to magnetic field signal measurable voltage signal, and this electronic equipment is exactly magnetic flux
Locking ring.Flux locked loop main operational principle is：Superconducting quantum interference device will be operated in magnetic flux lock-out state, wherein additional magnetic
Lead to the voltage produced at superconducting quantum interference device two ends to be exaggerated and be feedback to positive magnetic flux, this feedback circuit can be by superconduction
The response linearization of quantum interfering device and provide big dynamic range.Fig. 5 gives the magnetic flux lock being operated under magnetic flux pattern
Determine ring reading circuit schematic diagram, the wherein bias current of superconducting quantum interference device is steady state value Ib, oscillator can produce 50-500kHz
Sine wave or square-wave modulation signal, the signal are coupled in superconducting ring by coupling coil, and the voltage of superconducting quantum interference device is defeated
Go out and be connected to by a transformer lc circuit on preamplifier, then by lock, mutually amplification is output in integrator, Ran Houyou
Integrator output flux locked loop voltage VFLL.Wherein the voltage gain of reasonable selection termination power can be by superconductive quantum interference
The dynamic electric resistor of device is transferred to suitable value, so as to be optimized to the noise of preamplifier.The electric current warp exported from phaselocked loop
Cross feedback resistance RbfIt is fed in the coil coupled with superconducting quantum interference device, ensures that Superconducting Quantum is done for offsetting additional magnetic flux
The magnetic flux related in device is constant, and RbfThe voltage at two ends is directly proportional to additional magnetic flux, thus can be by measuring RbfTwo ends
Voltage calculates flux change in superconducting ring.
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meters hardware design structure block diagram, and two digital analog converters produce the (biasing of two voltage levels
With compensation), control superconducting quantum interference device keeps moderate current source；Square wave signal generator (frequency 5Hz) can in circuit board
To observe superconducting quantum interference device parameter characteristic, it can also pass through bias control method adjust automatically superconducting quantum interference device operating point
The circuit environment of superconducting quantum interference device working condition is opened, automatic control technology can improve superconducting quantum interference device work
State reliability and validity.；Superconducting quantum interference device electronic component controls the numeral of superconducting quantum interference device working condition
Change control electronic component, by digital control electronic component (Fig. 6), can both heat superconducting quantum interference device, can also
Switch superconducting quantum interference device electronic component operator scheme (such as restarting flux locked loop).Superconducting quantum interference device electronics member device
Export magnetic flux signal in part to be amplified by output buffering, the magnetic flux signal after amplification is by modulation control flux locked loop.Institute
The hardware module Floor Plan Technique for Integrated Circuits for stating superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer mainly uses module partition method, is entering
During row layout, the division of the module holding that should try one's best is consistent with primary circuit design, even without obvious benefit, just should not will be originally
Module frame destruction, to maintain the clear and definite corresponding relation between layout and circuit design, make layout verification and modification and
Maintenance work during use is easily implemented.The maximum feature of module partition method is that can take into account timeliness or complexity examines
Amount, layout engineering staff can simultaneously and independently carry out each module placement design, the global working time be reduced, when being conducive to work
Journey estimate and progress effective grasp.Power line as far as possible is distributed with dendroid, its should with staggeredly for principle, and avoid mutually across
More, if necessary with channel mode line, but it should avoid using nonmetallic materials, in order to avoid cause pressure drop.Signal wire line distance is shorter
It is better, and should avoid being connected with channel mode, the impedance on signal wire is only reduced, the decay that may occur in circuit is eliminated.
Data/address bus cabling should keep the consistent of path or distance, have and the neutralization of bus through each module directly is distributed in into each module
Gap in.Printed substrate mainly uses dual platen and multi-layer sheet, and to increase layout area, it is mainly characterized by can be highly dense
Degreeization, high reliability, designability, productibility, testability, drillability rate and maintainability.Selected by hardware module
Component meets national standard or general international standard, and as far as possible from integrated, digitlization component, to ensure component
Life usage cycles and performance reliability.The pin considered needed for pin placement has two classes：Welding block and the I/O of functional module draw
Pin.The design of hardware module process compatible mainly uses bipolar and CMOS technology, the metal half manufactured using film fully- depleted soi film
Field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is not only with parasitic capacitance is small, capability of resistance to radiation is strong, latch up effect is completely eliminated, can suppress source
Leak break-through and hot carrier's effect and greatly improve the advantages of linking up effect.And it is different from general body silicon device, with double grid
With laterally etc. special effects, extensive use can be obtained in high frequency and high-power circuit.
Include three signal processing channels inside the microcontrol processor, these three signal processing channels respectively with solid
Three superconducting rings of three shaft position meters are individually connected, and microcontrol processor is mainly that these passages provide indispensable signal and caught
Catch output signal, and the form by package swaps command stream and data flow with three-dimensional three shaft position meter, so as to realize
Control three superconducting ring working conditions of three shaft position meters and gather original magnetic field signal data；The microcontrol processor makes
High-frequency electromagnetic signal noise is suppressed with EMI FILTER, it is poor for may be simultaneously present in high frequency electromagnetic noise
Mould is disturbed and common mode disturbances, and EMI FILTER structure design is made an uproar using common mode choke and capacitor combination for suppression common mode
Sound, and be used to suppress differential mode noise using differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination, therefore, microcontrol processor is suppressing high-frequency signal
While noise jamming, the gain of high band useful signal can be also improved.
Fig. 7 is multi-functional microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram.
The main frame main function is to provide hardware platform for data signal processing system operation, and it can be common PC meters
Calculation machine.
The data signal processing system is to develop to realize under Delphi platforms, main to be set using the program of object-oriented
Thought is counted, system interface visualization, close friend can show the Distribution of Magnetic Field time spectrum for being explored object by the system.
The data signal processing system, it is main to be realized using Delphi Programming with Pascal Language, Delphi be can object-oriented language, have
The characteristics such as abstractness, inheritance and packaging effects are supported, visual programming can be not only effectively realized, and procedure-oriented can be supported
Flow scheme design, performed so as to be directly realized by algorithm the condition of flow chart and circulation, realize system design and be optimal.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and the data signal processing system major function is as follows：
1st, flux locked loop operating point is adjusted, including regulation biasing and compensation manually, can also be automatically adjusted biasing and be compensated；
2nd, quantum interfering device coil triggered functional module, SQUID device under working at ultra-low temperature state is frozen for touching；
3rd, horizontal base line calibration function, the benchmark for regulating time spectrum；
4th, signal amplitude gain regulatory function；
5th, flux locked loop system control reset function；
6th, low frequency filtering function；
7th, signal record storage and playback function；
8th, signal frequency sweep function.
The advantages of the present invention：Superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer is a newest weak magnetic letter in the world
Number detecting devices, compared to traditional electronic magnetic instrument, high resolution, the precision of superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer are high, high
Intelligent, high stability.In addition to for Geophysical Work, it may also be used for the heart, brain magnetic measurement medically；Non-Destructive Testing in engineering
Deng.In geophysical exploration, superconductive magnetometer can be used for deep metallic ore, petroleum resources to reconnoitre.
(1) superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer can be widely applied to seismic monitoring, massif monitoring, road (containing bridge
Then letter) monitoring, and the field such as mine locating, magnetic field resolution ratio is in first place in the world, reaches 100fT/Hz1/2。
(2) three-dimensional three shaft position meter can help superconduction weak magnetic signal to detect magnetometer and obtain comprehensive spatial information, be
Determine that ore body position and border provide more information.
(3) Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker to keep the low evaporation rate of low liquid helium, and selected materials are without magnetic glass
Glass steel, its magnetic susceptibility is less than 10-5Gs/Oe。
(4) magnetic field signal that superconducting quantum interference device is received can be converted to voltage signal by flux locked loop, so as to
Analyzed and processed in the later stage using all-purpose computer technology.
(5) multi-functional microcontrol processor, provides the signal of indispensability for the axle output channel of superconducting quantum interference device three and catches
Output signal is caught, and command stream and data flow are swapped with three-dimensional three shaft position meter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer structured flowchart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer mounting structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the Non-magnetic dewar appearance assumption diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 profile；
Fig. 5 is the flux locked loop operation principle schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meters hardware design structure block diagram；
Fig. 7 is microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram；
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure；
Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment pair
The present invention is described in detail.
Superconduction weak magnetic signal detects magnetometer, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three axle are determined
Position instrument, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, power supply power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, with low-temperature superconducting amount
Sub- interferometer substitutes traditional induction coil as magnetometer probe, improve the sensitivity of magnetometer and fathom, precision (such as
Fig. 1).
Shown in Fig. 2, the structural relation in the superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer between core component is specific as follows：
(1) it is slow during liquid feeding helium added with liquid helium in Non-magnetic dewar (Fig. 3), in case liquid helium splash is to body；
(2) superconducting quantum interference device, three superconductive quantum interferences are installed on three-dimensional three shaft position meter
Device is respectively placed in the groove in three mutually orthogonal faces of three-dimensional three shaft position meter, and the wire of fluted external surface, which is fixed, to be connected
Connect signal cable line；
(3) three-dimensional three shaft position meter and microcontrol processor, three-dimensional three shaft position meter are connected by probe rod
Signal cable line passed through in the middle of the probe rod of probe, microcontrol processor is arranged in probe rod base plane；
(4) three-dimensional three shaft position meter for installing superconducting quantum interference device is slowly put into the Non-magnetic dewar equipped with liquid helium
In, the front end of the probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with three-dimensional three shaft position meter；
(5) base plane of the probe rod is arranged in cassette rack with microcontrol processor；
(6) coaxial cable of the superconducting quantum interference device is connected with the microcontrol processor, by cable by micro-control
Processor processed is connected with power supply power supply unit, main frame, and system assembles are completed.
The effect of the Non-magnetic dewar is to maintain the low temperature environment needed for superconducting quantum interference device normal work, inside filling
Liquid helium is used as refrigerant；Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces inside and outside Dewar
Heat exchange, to keep the low evaporation rate of internal liquid helium；Its selected materials is less than 10 using magnetic susceptibility-5Gs/Oe's is nonmagnetic
Material-and without magnetic GRP, non-magnetic material can avoid the magnetic noise of inducting occurred under action of alternating magnetic field, and this is without magnetic glass
Steel is to be formed without magnetic glass fibre by specific epoxy bonding agent, polyurethane curing agent and other agent adhering and solidifyings；
The superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or by two direct currents
Superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID) Weak link is constituted, and the superconductivity at Weak link is by strong inhibition；The superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer grows up on the basis of Josephson effect and flux quautization effect, can be by the small of electric field and magnetic field
Change is converted to measurable voltage, and its performance is considerably beyond conventional device, with high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect
10-16T/(Hz)1/2Weak magentic-field signal, with the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable；The superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer is operated in about 4K under liquid helium low-temperature condition.
To realize that space omnidirectional measures Distribution of Magnetic Field, three-dimensional three shaft position meter includes three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings,
Each superconducting ring embeds one superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) of connection, so as to dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance；Three-dimensional three axles
Position indicator hardwired electronic circuits mainly provides signal for superconducting quantum interference device, determine superconducting quantum interference device operating point and
Communicated with microcontrol processor；Suppress the fortune of three superconducting rings in three-dimensional three shaft position meter with adaptive filter algorithm
Moving field noise, its noise source is that superconducting ring disturbs magnetic field of the earth generation in terrestrial space.Adaptive filter algorithm master
It is the small variance technique of utilization to want principle, to eliminate dynamic moving field noise.Mainly use metallic plate, wire netting, can etc.
Metallic object, electromagnetic field is limited in the range of certain space or electromagnetic field intensity is impaired to certain order of magnitude, and it shields knot
Configuration formula includes shielded partitions, altogether lid shielding construction, individually shielded and double layer screen, so that suppression circuit internal crosstalk can be realized
With external disturbance etc..
The Chao, which leads quantum Gan Wataru devices, to be directly converted to measurable voltage or electric current magnetic field, it is necessary to by multiple
Miscellaneous electronic circuit, which carries out conversion, could be converted to magnetic field signal measurable voltage signal, and this electronic equipment is exactly magnetic flux
Locking ring.Flux locked loop main operational principle is：Superconducting quantum interference device will be operated in magnetic flux lock-out state, wherein additional magnetic
Lead to the voltage produced at superconducting quantum interference device two ends to be exaggerated and be feedback to positive magnetic flux, this feedback circuit can be by superconduction
The response linearization of quantum interfering device and provide big dynamic range.Fig. 5 gives the magnetic flux lock being operated under magnetic flux pattern
Determine ring reading circuit schematic diagram, the wherein bias current of superconducting quantum interference device is steady state value Ib, oscillator can produce 50-500kHz
Sine wave or square-wave modulation signal, the signal are coupled in superconducting ring by coupling coil, and the voltage of superconducting quantum interference device is defeated
Go out and be connected to by a transformer lc circuit on preamplifier, then by lock, mutually amplification is output in integrator, Ran Houyou
Integrator output flux locked loop voltage VFLL.Wherein the voltage gain of reasonable selection termination power can be by superconductive quantum interference
The dynamic electric resistor of device is transferred to suitable value, so as to be optimized to the noise of preamplifier.The electric current warp exported from phaselocked loop
Cross feedback resistance RbfIt is fed in the coil coupled with superconducting quantum interference device, ensures that Superconducting Quantum is done for offsetting additional magnetic flux
The magnetic flux related in device is constant, and RbfThe voltage at two ends is directly proportional to additional magnetic flux, thus can be by measuring RbfTwo ends
Voltage calculates flux change in superconducting ring.
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional three shaft position meters hardware design structure block diagram, and two digital analog converters produce the (biasing of two voltage levels
With compensation), control superconducting quantum interference device keeps moderate current source；Square wave signal generator (frequency 5Hz) can in circuit board
To observe superconducting quantum interference device parameter characteristic, it can also pass through bias control method adjust automatically superconducting quantum interference device operating point
The circuit environment of superconducting quantum interference device working condition is opened, automatic control technology can improve superconducting quantum interference device work
State reliability and validity.；Superconducting quantum interference device electronic component controls the numeral of superconducting quantum interference device working condition
Change control electronic component, by digital control electronic component (Fig. 6), can both heat superconducting quantum interference device, can also
Switch superconducting quantum interference device electronic component operator scheme (such as restarting flux locked loop).Superconducting quantum interference device electronics member device
Export magnetic flux signal in part to be amplified by output buffering, the magnetic flux signal after amplification is by modulation control flux locked loop.Institute
The hardware module Floor Plan Technique for Integrated Circuits for stating superconduction weak magnetic signal detection magnetometer mainly uses module partition method, is entering
During row layout, the division of module should try one's best holding with primary circuit design unanimously, just should not will be original even without obvious benefit
Module frame is destroyed, and to maintain the clear and definite corresponding relation between layout and circuit design, is made layout verification and modification and is made
Maintenance work during is easily implemented.The maximum feature of module partition method is that can take into account timeliness or complexity considers,
Layout engineering staff can simultaneously and independently carry out each module placement design, reduce the global working time, be conducive to work time-histories
Estimate and progress effective grasp.Power line as far as possible is distributed with dendroid, its should with staggeredly for principle, and avoid mutually across
More, if necessary with channel mode line, but it should avoid using nonmetallic materials, in order to avoid cause pressure drop.Signal wire line distance is shorter
It is better, and should avoid being connected with channel mode, the impedance on signal wire is only reduced, the decay that may occur in circuit is eliminated.
Data/address bus cabling should keep the consistent of path or distance, have and the neutralization of bus through each module directly is distributed in into each module
Gap in.Printed substrate mainly uses dual platen and multi-layer sheet, and to increase layout area, it is mainly characterized by can be highly dense
Degreeization, high reliability, designability, productibility, testability, drillability rate and maintainability.Selected by hardware module
Component meets national standard or general international standard, and as far as possible from integrated, digitlization component, to ensure component
Life usage cycles and performance reliability.The pin considered needed for pin placement has two classes：Welding block and the I/O of functional module draw
Pin.The design of hardware module process compatible mainly uses bipolar and CMOS technology, the metal manufactured using film fully- depleted soi film
Half field effect transistor (MOSFET) is not only with parasitic capacitance is small, capability of resistance to radiation is strong, latch up effect is completely eliminated, can suppress
The advantages of Punchthrough and hot carrier's effect and greatly improvement communication effect.And it is different from general body silicon device, with double
The special effects such as grid and transverse direction, can obtain extensive use in high frequency and high-power circuit.
Include three signal processing channels inside the microcontrol processor, these three signal processing channels respectively with solid
Three superconducting rings of three shaft position meters are individually connected, and microcontrol processor is mainly that these passages provide indispensable signal and caught
Catch output signal, and the form by package swaps command stream and data flow with three-dimensional three shaft position meter, so as to realize
Control three superconducting ring working conditions of three shaft position meters and gather original magnetic field signal data；The microcontrol processor makes
High-frequency electromagnetic signal noise is suppressed with EMI FILTER, it is poor for may be simultaneously present in high frequency electromagnetic noise
Mould is disturbed and common mode disturbances, and EMI FILTER structure design is made an uproar using common mode choke and capacitor combination for suppression common mode
Sound, and be used to suppress differential mode noise using differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination, therefore, microcontrol processor is suppressing high-frequency signal
While noise jamming, the gain of high band useful signal can be also improved.
Fig. 7 is multi-functional microcontrol processor hardware design structure block diagram.
The main frame main function is to provide hardware platform for data signal processing system operation, and it can be common PC meters
Calculation machine.
The data signal processing system is to develop to realize under Delphi platforms, main to be set using the program of object-oriented
Thought is counted, system interface visualization, close friend can show the Distribution of Magnetic Field time spectrum for being explored object by the system.
The data signal processing system, it is main to be realized using Delphi Programming with Pascal Language, Delphi be can object-oriented language, have
The characteristics such as abstractness, inheritance and packaging effects are supported, visual programming can be not only effectively realized, and procedure-oriented can be supported
Flow scheme design, performed so as to be directly realized by algorithm the condition of flow chart and circulation, realize system design and be optimal.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and Fig. 9 is data signal processing system main interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is data signal processing system Whole Work Flow figure, and the data signal processing system major function is as follows：
1st, flux locked loop operating point is adjusted, including regulation biasing and compensation manually, can also be automatically adjusted biasing and be compensated；
2nd, quantum interfering device coil triggered functional module, SQUID device under working at ultra-low temperature state is frozen for touching；
3rd, horizontal base line calibration function, the benchmark for regulating time spectrum；
4th, signal amplitude gain regulatory function；
5th, flux locked loop system control reset function；
6th, low frequency filtering function；
7th, signal record storage and playback function；
8th, signal frequency sweep function.
Claims (6)
1. superconduction weak magnetic signal detects magnetometer, including the positioning of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Non-magnetic dewar, three-dimensional three axle
Instrument, flux locked loop, microcontrol processor, power supply power supply unit, data signal processing system and main frame, it is characterised in that with
Low-temperature superconducting quantum interfering device substitutes traditional induction coil as magnetometer probe, and the sensitivity and measurement for improving magnetometer are deep
Degree, precision；
Added with liquid helium in the Non-magnetic dewar；The superconducting quantum interference device, three are installed on three-dimensional three shaft position meter
The superconducting quantum interference device is respectively placed in the groove in three mutually orthogonal faces of three-dimensional three shaft position meter, groove appearance
The wire in face is fixedly connected with signal cable line；Three-dimensional three shaft position meter and microcontrol processor are connected by probe rod,
The signal cable line of three-dimensional three shaft position meter is passed through in the middle of the probe rod of probe, and microcontrol processor is arranged on into probe
In bar base plane；Three-dimensional three shaft position meter for installing superconducting quantum interference device is put into the Non-magnetic dewar equipped with liquid helium, institute
The front end for stating probe rod is fixed in Non-magnetic dewar together with three-dimensional three shaft position meter；The base plane of the probe rod with
Microcontrol processor is arranged in cassette rack；The coaxial cable of the superconducting quantum interference device connects with the microcontrol processor
Connect, connected microcontrol processor with power supply power supply unit, main frame by cable.
2. superconduction weak magnetic signal according to claim 1 detects magnetometer, it is characterised in that
The Non-magnetic dewar has inside and outside wall double-decker, and is evacuated between inside and outside wall, reduces the heat friendship inside and outside Dewar
Change；Its selected materials is less than 10 using magnetic susceptibility-5Gs/Oe non-magnetic material-and without magnetic GRP, this is without magnetic GRP
Mainly formed without magnetic glass fibre by epoxy adhesive, polyurethane curing agent solidification.
3. superconduction weak magnetic signal according to claim 1 detects magnetometer, it is characterised in that
The superconducting quantum interference device is made up of a radio frequency supraconduction quantum interferometer (RF-SQUID) or by two DC superconductings
Quantum interfering device (DC-SQUID) Weak link is constituted, and the superconductivity at Weak link is by strong inhibition；The Superconducting Quantum is done
Measurable voltage can be converted to by the minor variations of electric field and magnetic field by relating to device, with high magnetic field sensitivity, can detect
10-16T/(Hz)1/2Weak magentic-field signal, with the magnetic field sensitivity that other traditional sensors are incomparable；The superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer is operated under liquid helium four K low-temperature conditions.
4. superconduction weak magnetic signal according to claim 1 detects magnetometer, it is characterised in that
To realize that space omnidirectional measures Distribution of Magnetic Field, three-dimensional three shaft position meter includes three mutually orthogonal superconducting rings, each
Superconducting ring embeds one superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) of connection, so as to dynamic compensation magnetic disturbance；Three-dimensional three axles positioning
Instrument hardwired electronic circuits provide signal for superconducting quantum interference device, determine superconducting quantum interference device operating point and with microcontroller
Reason device is communicated；The moving magnetic field for suppressing three superconducting rings in three-dimensional three shaft position meter with adaptive filter algorithm is made an uproar
Sound.
5. superconduction weak magnetic signal according to claim 1 detects magnetometer, it is characterised in that
Include three signal processing channels inside the microcontrol processor, these three signal processing channels respectively with three-dimensional three axle
Three superconducting rings of position indicator are individually connected, and microcontrol processor is mainly that these passages provide indispensable signal and catch defeated
Go out signal, and the form by package swaps command stream and data flow with three-dimensional three shaft position meter, so as to realize control
The three superconducting ring working conditions and the original magnetic field signal data of collection of three shaft position meters；The microcontrol processor uses electricity
Magnetic disturbance wave filter suppresses to high-frequency electromagnetic signal noise, is done for may be simultaneously present differential mode in high frequency electromagnetic noise
Disturb and common mode disturbances, EMI FILTER structure design is used for suppression common mode noise using common mode choke and capacitor combination,
And be used to suppress differential mode noise using differential mode choke coil and capacitor combination, while high-frequency signal noise jamming is suppressed, also may be used
Improve the gain of high band useful signal.
6. superconduction weak magnetic signal according to claim 1 detects magnetometer, it is characterised in that
The data signal processing system is to develop to realize under Delphi platforms, the data signal processing system major function
It is as follows：
1) flux locked loop operating point is adjusted, including regulation biasing and compensation manually, can also be automatically adjusted biasing and be compensated；
2) quantum interfering device coil triggered function, for touching superconducting quantum interference device under working at ultra-low temperature state；
3) horizontal base line calibration function, the benchmark for regulating time spectrum；
4) signal amplitude gain regulatory function；
5) flux locked loop system control reset function；
6) low frequency filtering function；
7) signal record storage and playback function；
8) signal frequency sweep function.
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| CN104850033B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-09-15 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A kind of aviation superconducting magnetic measures the scaling method and device of system synchronization precision |
| CN105947154A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-09-21 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Unmanned underwater carrier for radiation noise and magnetic signal detection for ship |
| CN109557170A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | SQUID-based wing detection system and detection method thereof |
| CN109521477A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | SQUID-based shore-based underwater magnetic anomaly detection device and detection method thereof |
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| CN109782203B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-07-31 | 天津大学 | Dynamic magnetic resonance test body model system |
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| CN109799467B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-04-27 | 北京大学 | Space magnetic field measuring device, measuring system and measuring method without extending rod |
| US10802086B2 (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-10-13 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Circuits and method for biasing magnetic flux through a superconducting quantum interference array |
| CN111025198A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一0研究所 | Ultra-weak magnetic field standard device |
| CN112068047B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Device structure for improving EMC performance of superconducting quantum device and preparation method |
| CN112485732B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-07-02 | 山西大学 | Magnetometer calibration method and device based on rubidium atomic magnetic resonance spectrum |
| CN113109743A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-13 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | Underground engineering integral SREMP magnetic field environment measuring system and method |
| CN114035130B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-02-27 | 苏州卡迪默克医疗器械有限公司 | Method and device for testing magnetic field resolution of weak magnetic probe of superconducting magnetometer |
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