CN104328763A - Small-sized pavement icebreaking snow remover - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of small-sized mechanical design and manufacturing, and provides a small-sized pavement icebreaking snow remover. The whole machine uses a hand-push type trolley as a carrier, uses a diesel (gasoline) engine or an electric motor as a power machine, and uses a crank rocker (a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a rocker arm) as a power conversion mechanism. Power sent by the diesel engine drives the crankshaft to rotate through a speed reducer, the crankshaft is arranged in a bearing provided with a seat and is connected with the rocker arm through the connecting rod, the rocker arm does reciprocating swinging along with the rotation of the crankshaft, the extending part of the rocker arm is provided with a hoe type shovel knife, and knife teeth directly act on the ice surface and do arc movement along with the reciprocating swinging of the rocker to continuously shovel and beat the ice surface (or compact the snow surface) so that the ice surface is crushed. Therefore in the ice and snow sweeping work in winter, the operation efficiency can be greatly improved, and the labor force is reduced.

Description

Small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine

Technical field

The invention belongs to small-sized machine design and manufacturing technology field, especially a kind of small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine.

Background technology

North of China most area, has the snowfall phase of 3 ~ 5 months every year, and road accumulated ice accumulated snow brings many difficulties to communications and transportation and people's daily life.In recent years the ice-breaking and snow removing machine of China has all had certain development in technology or manufacturing process, but the manufacturing and designing of most of ice-breaking and snow removing machine product biases toward large-scale, be mainly used in speedway, some important section and street in the national important main line of communication and city.Be applied in middle-size and small-size region as school, hospital, the local ice-breaking and snow removing machine such as real estate residential quarter is little, is almost in space state.Due to large-scale ice-breaking and snow removing machine complex structure, not easily to manufacture and cost is huge, the larger destruction to road pavement of energy consumption is comparatively serious, is difficult to be popularized use in middle-size and small-size region.So at present, domestic in school, hospital, middle-size and small-size region snow removing is many in real estate residential quarter etc. is completed by manual work, and its labour intensity is large, and operating efficiency is low.The snow removing equipment that import foreign country is advanced, cost is high and be not suitable for China's actual conditions; And carry out opening ice snow removing with other substitute machinery such as land leveller, then waste utility device and road pavement has destructiveness again.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to design a kind of small-sized snow removing machine that opens ice help people and complete snow removing, raise labour efficiency and save labour, change domestic middle-size and small-size region in snow removing of opening ice, lacks this present situation mechanical.

Design scheme of the present invention is: small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine, it comprises hand propelled dolly, engine, power conversion mechanism, reducer, bent axle, bearing, connecting rod, rocking arm, perching knife, with hand propelled dolly for carrier, engine sends power and drives power conversion mechanism motion through reducer, and engine is diesel engine, gasoline engine, motor.Power conversion mechanism is crank and rocker mechanism, and crank and rocker mechanism bent axle, connecting rod, rocking arm, rolling bearing units and back shaft are formed.Crankshaft two end axle journal is arranged on rolling bearing units, big end is connected with crankshaft crank, small end of connecting rod is connected with rocking arm, and back shaft is arranged in rolling bearing units through rocking arm hole, and rocking arm can swing in certain angle around back shaft, back shaft has annular groove, realized the axial location of rocking arm by snap ring, bearing support is fixed by bolts on cart base plate, works as crank rotation, crankshaft installed is connected with rocking arm by connecting rod in rolling bearing units, and rocking arm does reciprocating swing with the rotation of bent axle; Hoe-type perching knife is installed in the extension of rocking arm, and cutter tooth acts directly on ice face.Reciprocation type swing with rocking bar is done movement in a curve and is constantly shoveled ice face of hitting (or degree of compaction snow face) by its fragmentation, and the perching knife number of work is identical with the crank throw number of bent axle.Bent axle, connecting rod derive from bent axle, connecting rod in automobile engine, determine the perching knife number of work according to its crank throw number.In order to reduce the validity to the damage on ground and the work of guarantee, a shock absorber installed by wheel, shock absorber is primarily of spring, plunger, plunger case, damping block composition.A shock absorber installed by wheel, when cutter tooth arrive minimum point time and earth surface, now set ground to a reaction force as infinitely great, certain displacement is had by the effect complete machine in the vertical direction of shock absorber, complete machine can be avoided by jack-up on the one hand, cutter tooth can be reduced to ground work on the other hand.

The present invention carries out in the design process of crank and rocker mechanism, its calculate main points and kinematic analysis of mechanisms as follows: ice and snow cutting resistance ; Kn: the uneven influence coefficient of cutter tooth (1 ~ 1.5); B1: effect cutter tooth width (300mm); H: ice-snow thickness (50mm); K0(70 ~ 130KPa) be resistance coefficient, it cuts off the necessary power of ice and snow layer that cross section equals 1 ㎡.F=1 × 130000 × 0.3 × 0.05=1950N; The perching knife work W=F × L=1950 × 0.176=343.2J(L that once does work represents perching knife operating distance); P=W/T=343.2/0.1=3.432kw; Bent axle does uniform rotation, and rocking arm does reciprocating speed change and swings, and its velocity variations characteristic is for first to have zero to accelerate to maximum speed, and then by most high deceleration to zero, acceleration and the speed in speed-change process of haveing suffered is all change.In order to can the snow removing effect that effectively opens ice be realized, get in design speed rocker arm maximum time cutter tooth start to contact ice face and start working, when speed rocker arm is zero by end-of-job time reverse.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine of the present invention, has the features such as volume is little, mechanism is simple, cost is low, the damaging of less energy consumption, road pavement is little, pollution-free compared with the domestic existing snow removing equipment that opens ice.Most of component of machine such as engine, bogey, rolling bearing units, crankshaft-link rod etc. can directly commercially and cost is less.Although the present invention's structure is simple, do not lose that it is functional, different according to selected engine through testing this small-sized snow removing machine that opens ice, can the ice and snow face of broken different-thickness effectively.In ice and snow cleaning works so in the winter time, this machine can replace manpower to shovel hitting the accumulated snow of thin ice on road surface or compacting, greatly saves labour and improves efficiency.

The type of drive of complete machine can have multiple choices as required: employment first can be selected to push machine and advance, the advantage of this mode is can the pace of at random control machine, can more carefully finish the work, shortcoming is that to consume the physical Comparision of people slow; Secondly can install auxiliary drive engine to drive on original machine, this type of drive is more laborsaving and efficiency is high.

Feature and the advantage of small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine are: structure is simple, and manufacturing cost is lower; Energy consumption is little, little to the pollution of environment, and road pavement destructiveness is little; Operating efficiency is higher, little by ambient conditions restriction; Machine volume is less, and easy to operate and easy to be universal, market is extensive.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the assembling front view of snow removing machine of opening ice;

Fig. 2 is the three-view diagram of part bent axle.

Fig. 3 is the front view of part connecting rod.

Fig. 4 is the three-view diagram of part perching knife.

Fig. 5 is the three-view diagram of part rocking arm.

Fig. 6 is the three-view diagram of part back shaft.

In Fig. 1, label is: 1. dolly, 2. engine, 3. reductor, 4. bent axle, 5. connecting rod, 6. rocking arm, 7. hoe-type cutter head, 8, shock absorber, 9. rolling bearing units, 10. back shaft.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 snow removing machine that opens ice mainly comprises: complete machine carrier hand propelled dolly 1; Engine (diesel engine); Reductor 3; Part bent axle 4, connecting rod 5, rocking arm 6, rolling bearing units 9, the back shaft 10 of composition crank and rocker mechanism; Work the hoe-type cutter head 7 of the effect of opening ice; Band shock absorber wheel 8.

The critical component of this snow removing machine that opens ice is power conversion mechanism and crank and rocker mechanism, this mechanism's group will by bent axle 4, connecting rod 5, rocking arm 6, bearing and rolling bearing units 9 and back shaft 10 form, rolling bearing units refer to band deep groove ball bearing in bearing support, crankshaft two end axle journal (in accompanying drawing 2 11) is arranged in rolling bearing units 9 and can rotates freely, big end (accompanying drawing 3) is connected with crankshaft crank (in accompanying drawing 2 12), small end of connecting rod (accompanying drawing 3) is connected with rocking arm, back shaft 10 is arranged in rolling bearing units through rocking arm hole (in accompanying drawing 5 13), rocking arm can swing in certain angle around back shaft, back shaft has annular groove (in accompanying drawing 6 14), the axial location of rocking arm is realized by snap ring, bearing support is fixed by bolts on cart base plate, constitute crank and rocker mechanism, the corresponding crank and rocker mechanism of each crank throw in machine on bent axle, what select in the design is that namely bent axle in four-stroke engine exists four crank and rocker mechanisms in the present invention.Hoe-type cutter head 7 is arranged on rocking arm end and forms active link by pin, and cutter head acting surface becomes dentation (accompanying drawing 4) to act directly on ice face.

The little axle of crankshaft end has keyway, be used for belt pulley is installed, engine sends power, after reductor effect, power is passed to bent axle by belt pulley, crank rotation makes rocking arm do reciprocating swing through connecting rod; the cutter head on the rocking arm other end also does movement in a curve with rocking arm, and the cutter tooth directly contacted with ice face just constantly shovels and hits ice face and complete the work of opening ice.

In order to reduce the validity to the damage on ground and the work of guarantee, a shock absorber 8 installed by wheel, and shock absorber is primarily of compositions such as spring, plunger, plunger case, damping blocks.When cutter tooth arrive minimum point time and earth surface, now set ground to a reaction force as infinitely great, there is certain displacement by the effect complete machine in the vertical direction of shock absorber, complete machine can be avoided by jack-up on the one hand, cutter tooth can be reduced to ground work on the other hand.Plunger tip is equipped with the snubber block made with rubber, can absorb the vibrations that machine produces.

Claims (5)

1. small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine, it comprises hand propelled dolly (1), engine, power conversion mechanism, reducer, bent axle, bearing, connecting rod, rocking arm, perching knife, with hand propelled dolly (1) for carrier, engine (2) sends power and drives power conversion mechanism motion through reducer (3), it is characterized in that: power conversion mechanism is crank and rocker mechanism, crank and rocker mechanism bent axle (4), connecting rod (5), rocking arm (6), rolling bearing units (9) and back shaft are formed, crankshaft two end axle journal (11) is arranged on rolling bearing units (9), big end is connected with crankshaft crank (12), small end of connecting rod is connected with rocking arm, back shaft is arranged in rolling bearing units through rocking arm hole (13), rocking arm can swing in certain angle around back shaft, back shaft has annular groove (14), realized the axial location of rocking arm by snap ring, bearing support is fixed by bolts on cart base plate, bent axle (4) rotates, and bent axle (4) is arranged in rolling bearing units (9) and is connected with rocking arm (6) by connecting rod (5), and rocking arm (6) does reciprocating swing with the rotation of bent axle (4), hoe-type perching knife (7) is installed in the extension of rocking arm, and cutter tooth acts directly on ice face.

2. small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: hoe-type cutter head (7) is arranged on rocking arm end and forms active link by pin, and cutter head acting surface becomes dentation to act directly on ice face.

3. small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, bent axle, connecting rod derive from bent axle, connecting rod in automobile engine, determines the perching knife number of work according to its crank throw number.

4. small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in order to reduce the validity to the damage on ground and the work of guarantee, a shock absorber (8) installed by wheel, shock absorber is primarily of spring, plunger, plunger case, damping block composition.

5. small-sized road ice-breaking snow removing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, engine is diesel engine, gasoline engine, motor.