A kind of function of mechanical steam recompression method for desalting seawater
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing mechanical vapor recompression technology to carry out sea water desaltination.
Background technology
Due to containing a large amount of salts in seawater, cannot directly be drunk by the mankind and use, the boats and ships of therefore operation at sea and job platform often need to load a large amount of fresh water to support the family and to drink.Meanwhile, industrial circle also needs to use a large amount of fresh water as reaction water, water coolant etc., this not only adds the anxiety of Freshwater resources, and the distribution simultaneously due to Freshwater resources is unequal, also limit the addressing of a lot of industrial enterprise, adds the cost of operation.Therefore work on the conversion of salt water into fresh water technology, form own intellecture property, not only can alleviate the nervous present situation of domestic Freshwater resources, reduce the people's lives inconvenience because water resources problems brings, the problems such as high are crossed by industrial cost, also there is many strategic importances simultaneously, as shipbuilding industry technological competitiveness can be promoted, promote the development of shipbuilding, marine traffic transport trade, solve the exploitation etc. that island shipwreck topic more can promote sea island resources.
The method of current sea water desaltination mainly contains distillation method, embrane method etc.Distillation method is the desalination technology adopted the earliest, is to be evaporated by heating of seawater, then makes vapor condensation obtain the process of fresh water.Distillation method can utilize low-grade heat source, plant capacity can do greatly, but the steam with a large amount of latent heat is arranged outward or condensation by the needs being difficult to avoid due to distillation method, causes the significant wastage of energy.And multi-effect distilling must configure multiple preheater and condenser, therefore system architecture relative complex.
Function of mechanical steam recompression is called for short MVR technology, is the abbreviation of MechanicalVaporRecompression.Its principle is: the secondary steam that temperature is lower does not have the ability being re-used as thermal source usually, but it is still containing a large amount of latent heat, it can increase in temperature after volume compression, thus realize the steam steam of low temperature, low pressure being become High Temperature High Pressure, and then can again as thermal source, thus reach can the object of recycling steam.MVR technology can utilize low-grade heat source, usually only need configure a preheater, and without the need to condenser, system architecture is very simple.And MVR technology can be carried out at very low temperature and the heating temperature difference, have that the energy consumption that other desalination method hardly matches is lower, an equipment not easily advantage such as corrosion and scaling.
So far, the MVR method for desalting seawater reported will use electric energy as driving energy usually.As Chinese invention patent CN1546386A reports a kind of mechanically compress distillation sea water desalting device, device comprises steam mechanical compressor, multiple vaporizer and is placed in prolong, sprinkling system, fresh-water tank and the mist eliminating net etc. in described vaporizer.This patent not only complex structure, needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, also reckons without the recovery of the waste heat after evaporation of seawater.Chinese invention patent CN102219273B, CN101591042A etc. report and utilize sun power as auxiliary thermo compression formula MVR sea water desalinating plant, these patent equipments and equipment complexity, whole plant is made up of large number quipments such as solar energy collector, steam injector, compressor, heating chamber, vaporizer, interchanger, and complex structure and floor space senior general limit the use of these techniques.In addition, the seasonality of sun power, the unequal feature of regionality distribution all become the bottleneck that restriction solar seawater desalination is promoted.Chinese patent CN101723476B discloses the auxiliary sun power function of mechanical steam recompression distillation seawater desalinating device of wind energy, although compensate for the shortcoming of solar energy to a certain extent, and the complicacy adding the equipment of too increasing of blower fan.
The deficiencies such as on the whole, in prior art, MVR method for desalting seawater all must use additional conventional energy resources, there is energy consumption large, and equipment is complicated.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of function of mechanical steam recompression method for desalting seawater of improvement.
For overcoming the above problems, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of function of mechanical steam recompression method for desalting seawater, the method adopts function of mechanical steam recompression system to desalinate seawater, function of mechanical steam recompression system comprises seawater preheating device, vaporizer, compressor, mist eliminator, particularly, when carrying out sea water desaltination, compressor is connected by drive with turbine, drives compressor operating by turbine, adopt boiler waste hot steam or used heat combustion gas as the working medium of turbine simultaneously.
According to the present invention, described boiler waste hot steam or used heat combustion gas preferably derive from boats and ships, thermal power plant or Steel Plant.More preferably derive from boats and ships and thermal power plant, most preferably derive from boats and ships.
According to the present invention, transmission mechanism can be gear drive, transmission shaft etc., is not particularly limited.
According to the present invention, fresh water output controls by the temperature of the seawater entering vaporizer and the vapor temperature of heating seawater, and the vapor temperature of heating seawater controls by the power of Mechanical Vapor Compression.For this reason, preferably, in order to maintain the stable output of fresh water, in the outlet of seawater preheating device, temperature testing equipment is installed, and this temperature testing equipment is connected with the power control module of turbine by the centralized Control of PLC control cabinet, the energy input of vaporizer is controlled by the power controlling turbine and compressor.
Preferably, the pipeline between the vapour outlet and vaporizer of compressor establishes humidifier, make to enter vaporizer again after the superheating temperature of compressor steam is out eliminated.More preferably, adopt the working medium of condensation fresh water as humidifier of vaporizer output, the pressure and temperature of pressure and temperature monitoring equipment to described compressor outlet steam is adopted to detect, and make this temperature and pressure test set by the control of PLC control cabinet, regulate condensation fresh water feed flow according to the temperature and pressure of steam, make condensation fresh water feed flow meet the requirement eliminating steam superheat.The steam heat-transfer effect eliminated after superheating temperature is better.
Preferably, the fresh water of the medium after the work of driving turbine, vaporizer institute output and bittern is made to discharge after seawater preheating device recovery waste heat again or collect.
Preferably, described vaporizer is combined-type evaporator, and the evaporation cavity for evaporation of seawater of this combined-type evaporator and the condensation chamber for vapor condensation are combined in an equipment.This vaporizer can reduce the energy consumption that heat dissipation brings, and is conducted heat by the tube wall of heat-transfer pipe, heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, and reduces the energy consumption of whole system.
According to the present invention, according to the demand of driving medium, turbine can be the turbine of steam-powered turbine or gas driven.In order to meet the stable output fresh water of seawater desalination system, the power that turbine produces preferably has the adjustable performance of frequency conversion, drive the medium of turbine preferably through the dash adjustment of the setting device of pressure and temperature, a whole set of sea water desalinating plant can normally be run, stable output fresh water.The output power facility of turbine is connected with PLC control cabinet and controlled.When turbine output rating is not enough, compressor can be driven by the electricity-driven device of assisting, to maintain the normal operation of sea water desalinating plant.
According to further embodiment of the present invention, described method for desalting seawater comprises the steps:
(1) preheating: charging seawater carries out preheating through seawater preheating device, generate pre-hot sea water, the heat of pre-hot sea water comes from the condensation fresh water of subsequent evaporation generation and the waste heat of bittern and the medium after driving turbine work, in this stage, seawater is heated to the temperature that directly can enter evaporator operation, and system is without the need to reoffering additional energy heating seawater;
(2) evaporate: pre-hot sea water enters vaporizer and directly sprays, and the pressure in vaporizer is maintained negative pressure, and seawater evaporates in vaporizer, the vaporization of part seawater forms water vapor, and remaining seawater forms bittern;
(3) vapor recompression: the water vapor that seawater vaporization is formed is sucked into compressor by compressor after mist eliminator is except the mist of deentrainment, the water that mist eliminating produces is back to vaporizer and again evaporates, compressor is driven by turbine, the working medium of turbine is boiler waste hot steam or used heat combustion gas, the pressure and temperature of the steam after compression is all improved, the thermal source of vaporizer as heating seawater is being entered after the humidification of humidifier, the vapor condensation of release of heat becomes fresh water, is discharged after enrichment by fresh water pump;
(4) waste heat recovery: this waste heat recovery process is also the preheating process of seawater simultaneously, the waste heat of the fresh water waste heat that origin of heat has the waste heat of vaporizer generation bittern, vapor condensation produces of heating and the hot exhaust medium of driving turbine work, after waste heat recovery, fresh water enters fresh water storage tank, bittern storage tank or subsequent disposal is drained into outside bittern, for the driving medium of turbine, this process also plays the effect of condenser simultaneously, the waste hot steam or used heat combustion gas still with certain calorific value are reclaimed heat and condensation, or by combustion gas exhaust steam emptying.
Preferably, in step (1), by seawater preheating to 45 DEG C-90 DEG C, in step (2), the working pressure of vaporizer is 9.6KPa ~ 84.5KPa, and vaporization temperature is 45 DEG C-95 DEG C.In this temperature range, the operating power consumption of compressor can be provided by turbine, and drives the calorific value of the waste hot steam/combustion gas of turbine to require to reach lower.In addition, form the essential substance calcium sulfate of fouling in desalting process, also can not crystallize out formation fouling in this temperature range.In addition, adopt the operation measure of low-temp low-pressure also to make stock liquid temperature unlikely too high, corrosion is comparatively light, and extend the life cycle of equipment, decrease running cost, productivity effect is high.
Preferably, in step (3), the temperature controlling the steam after humidifier is 60-100 DEG C.
Due to the employing of above technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
The present invention takes full advantage of the residual heat resources of the used heat Gas/Steam of boiler, realize the sea water desaltination novel method with mechanical vapor recompression technology coproduction, not only there is the system simple possible of steam recompression technology sea water desaltination, easy to operate, energy expenditure is low, desalination water efficiency is high, desalination water quality is high feature, also make use of the waste heat energy of boiler fully, greatly reduce the cost of sea water desaltination.This system can select suitable desalination scale according to the amount of boiler afterheat and quality, not only may be used for large-scale Seawater Desalination Project, is also particularly suitable for low cost small-scale production on boats and ships, can be widely used in field of seawater desalination.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of method for desalting seawater of the present invention;
Wherein: 1, seawater fresh feed pump; 2, bittern efflux pump; 3, water of condensation or exhaust steam efflux pump; 4, seawater preheating device; 5, vaporizer; 6, condensation fresh water pump; 7, fresh water storage tank; 8, mist eliminator; 9, compressor, 10, turbine; 11, humidifier.
Embodiment
No matter be at boats and ships or in thermal power plant, Steel Plant etc., all need to use a large amount of steam and gas fired-boiler, in the waste hot steam of these boilers and exhaust steam, contain a large amount of waste heats.The funnel temperature of common natural gas boiler, generally at 120-250 DEG C, wherein contains the sensible heat of 8%-15% and the water vapour latent heat of about 11%.Even if after installing flue gas condenser additional, still containing a large amount of waste heats in smoke evacuation.In addition, the waste heat waste gas produced as high energy-consuming industries such as Cement industries is also very huge, if the kiln exit gas flow of a set of daily output 4000t cement producing line is about 1314 × l04m
3/ h, what only kiln hood grate-cooler exported can reach l04m for the waste heat air capacity cooled
3/ h, has a large amount of utilizable energy.About 200 DEG C-400 DEG C of the exhaust heat temperature of boiler, diesel engine equal power device on boats and ships, wherein exhaust waste heat can up to 30%.In addition, especially on medium and small-scale vessel, the restriction due to floor space or the consideration for cost, the waste heat combustion gas of gas fired-boiler or steam can not be treated and directly discharge, and cause the significant wastage of the energy.Such as, for the small fishing vessel of 450 horsepowers, the temperature of its diesel engine vent gas can reach 450 DEG C, and tail gas output per hour can reach more than 800 kilogram, and available energy is nearly 270000 kilojoules.If can get up for sea water desaltination by this part used heat and MVR technical tie-up, prospect will be very considerable.
In order to realize above-mentioned used heat and MVR technical tie-up, the present invention proposes the function of mechanical steam recompression method for desalting seawater and the device that utilize waste heat driven, being combined together distilling with the turbine of boiler waste hot steam or gas driven and function of mechanical steam recompression the technology desalinized seawater, forming a set of energy-efficient water desalinating process scheme making full use of boiler afterheat and utilize evaporation of seawater secondary steam to recompress.Described device specifically comprises: the various pumps, seawater preheating device, vaporizer, Mechanical Vapor Compression, turbine etc. of convey materials.Boiler waste hot steam or the work of gas driven turbine, turbine passes through the compressor operating of transmitting gear or transmission shaft driving mechanical vapor recompression seawater desalination system.Seawater through preheating evaporates in vaporizer, and the steam that evaporation produces compresses intensification within the compressor, is improved calorific value, and then condensation in the heating chamber entering vaporizer, the latent heat of release, as heat source seawater, so moves in circles, realizes the circulation of heat.The steam of condensation is exactly product fresh water, water of condensation and bittern and drive the medium of turbine work to return pre-hot sea water in seawater preheating system, makes seawater reach temperature needed for evaporation.Meanwhile, the medium of turbine work is driven to return in seawater preheating system the formation low pressure that is condensed, for turbine work provides required pressure difference.
In method and apparatus provided by the invention, because mechanical compressor is the thermal source maintaining the running of this device, the heat that compression makes vapor temperature improve acquisition is the origin of heat of evaporation of seawater.And with the function of mechanical steam recompression seawater desalination system of traditional electrical energy drive unlike: by mechanical energy, low-grade steam is become high-grade steam in whole process, the energy that system consumes is exactly the energy that turbine drives compressor, and without the need to inputting electric energy, fossil energy, not only effectively make use of renewable resources, save energy consumption and cost of investment, decrease the discharge of waste gas.
Preferably, the detection and control equipment of flow and temperature is set in turbine driving medium ingress, and is connected with PLC control group and controls by it, for regulating the medium amount going to drive turbine when waste hot steam/gas flow and calorific value cross win.As preferred option, when there is no qualified waste hot steam or the work of gas driven turbine, the running of electrical energy drive whole system can be used.These aforementioned settings can make full use of the higher steam of pressure more than needed, and solve the problem of compressor power deficiency under unit underload, unit outage operating mode, and the multi-state realizing native system runs.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described in detail.
See Fig. 1, method for desalting seawater comprises the following steps.
Seawater is entered in seawater preheating device 4 by seawater fresh feed pump 1 and completes preheating, and the seawater temperature after preheating can meet the requirement of evaporation, then enters vaporizer 5 and evaporates, and vaporizer 5 is combined evaporative condenser, and energy consumption is little.
In vaporizer 5, be negative pressure for working pressure, seawater seethes with excitement and forms steam in vaporizer, and remaining seawater forms bittern.Steam sucks compressor by Mechanical Vapor Compression 9 after being processed by mist eliminator 8 and compresses.The steam improving temperature and pressure reenters vaporizer 5 again and reuses as heating medium.
In the exit of sea water preprocessing device 4, temperature monitoring equipment is installed, by the centralized Control of PLC control cabinet, be connected with the power control module of turbine 10, by controlling the power of turbine 10 and compressor, control the energy input in vaporizer 5, guarantee unattended operation and the continuous prodution of continual and steady generation fresh water and complete assembly.
The bittern that evaporation produces and the fresh water that condensation obtains are transported to pre-hot sea water in seawater preheating device 4 by transferpump respectively, remove storage tank 7 or storage tank after recovery waste heat.The driving medium of turbine 10 is also used for heating seawater in this section after driving turbine, and the phlegma of formation or exhaust steam are by being pumped to condensate draining or arranging outward.
When boiler high loaded process, need the power stage controlling turbine 10, make the power of compressor 9 be unlikely to excessive and affect desalination system; When boiler running is not enough or out of service, but when seawater desalination system still needs to run simultaneously, need to provide electric energy, to drive the operation of compressor 9.
As mentioned above, when method for desalting seawater of the present invention normally runs, do not need additional conventional energy resources completely, greatly reduce energy consumption and sea water desaltination cost; Meanwhile, the equipment required for the inventive method is simple, arrange conveniently.
Above to invention has been detailed description; its object is to allow the personage being familiar with this art can understand content of the present invention and be implemented; can not limit the scope of the invention with this; the equivalence change that all spirit according to the present invention are done or modification, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.