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CN104302477A - 用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包括此种夹层的玻璃制品 - Google Patents

用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包括此种夹层的玻璃制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104302477A
CN104302477A CN201380026601.3A CN201380026601A CN104302477A CN 104302477 A CN104302477 A CN 104302477A CN 201380026601 A CN201380026601 A CN 201380026601A CN 104302477 A CN104302477 A CN 104302477A
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interlayer
sheet glass
thick
glass
laminated glass
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M.勒费尔德
D.富尔尼耶
J-P.布雷
C.帕扬
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Priority to CN201810908544.6A priority Critical patent/CN109130392A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022Mechanical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/033 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/732Dimensional properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967Absolute thicknesses specified
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品,夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层(3),夹层使得通过根据ISO16940标准在20℃下测量的机械阻抗(MIM)确定的层叠玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率(f2)在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且通过MIM在相同条件下确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损失因数(η2)大于或等于0.25,该层叠玻璃格条由其间并入夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃片构成,具有25mm×300mm的表面积。本发明允许玻璃片的厚度降低,而不使振动声学阻尼特性退化。

Description

用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包括此种夹层的玻璃制品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间,以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品(laminated glazing),其尤其旨在用于机车机器,特别是机动车辆。
背景技术
在有助于现代运输工具(如火车和机动车辆)中的舒适性的所有品质中,安静已经变为决定性的因素。
经过多年,通过例如吸收涂层或弹性体连接件的手段来在噪音的来源处或在噪音传播穿过空气或穿过固体期间处理噪音,声音舒适性现在已经得到改善,噪音如来自发动机的噪音、滚动或悬挂噪音。
车辆的形状也已经改变,以改善空气中的穿透且减少湍流,它们自身为噪音源。
近年来,注意力已经集中于玻璃制品在改善声音舒适性中起到的作用,特别是包括塑料夹层膜的层叠玻璃制品。层叠玻璃制品还具有其它优点,诸如在突发破坏事件中消除碎片突入的风险,从而构成侵入延缓物。
已经证实了在层叠玻璃制品中使用标准塑料膜不适用于改善声音舒适性。于是开发出了特殊的塑料膜,其具有允许改善声音舒适性的阻尼特性。
此外,在现有的挡风玻璃中,用于面对车辆外部的玻璃片的厚度通常是2.1mm,且用于面对车辆内部的玻璃片的厚度通常是1.6mm。然而,趋势是减轻机动车辆,以便减少它们的消耗和引发的CO2排放。一个手段在于提出更轻的机动车辆玻璃制品。用于降低玻璃制品重量的一个解决方案是减小玻璃片的厚度。然而,该厚度减小导致了层叠玻璃制品的声学特性的退化。
因此,需要的一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品,这允许玻璃片厚度减小,而不使振动声学阻尼特性退化。
发明内容
为此,本发明提出了一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间,以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品,夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层,夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)确定的层叠玻璃格条(laminated glazing bar)(其由其间并入夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃片构成,具有25mm × 300mm的表面积)的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且在相同条件下通过MIM确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损失因数η2大于或等于0.25。
根据另一个特定实施例,层基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral)和塑化剂。
根据另一个特定特征,共振频率f2在800与900Hz之间,且优选在800Hz与850Hz之间。
根据另一个特定特征,损失因数η2大于0.30。
根据另一个特定特征,夹层还包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层,层在这两个外层之间。
根据另一个特定特征,机械阻抗的测量在组装层叠玻璃格条后的至少一个月时执行,层叠玻璃格条自身在夹层制造之后的至少1个月时已组装。
本发明还涉及玻璃制品,其包括:
- 厚0.5mm与2.6mm之间的玻璃片,
- 厚0.5mm与1.6mm之间的玻璃片,
- 上述夹层,夹层在玻璃片之间,
其中,玻璃片的总厚度严格地小于3.7mm。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆,其包括上述玻璃制品、面对车辆外部的厚0.5mm与2.6mm之间的玻璃片、和面对车辆内部的厚0.5mm与1.6mm之间的玻璃片。
本发明还涉及将上述玻璃制品用作机动车辆挡风玻璃。
附图说明
现在将参照附图来描述本发明的其它特征和优点,在附图中:
● 图1示出了在三个挡风玻璃上测量的作为频率的函数的隔音曲线;
● 图2示出了根据本发明的玻璃制品的截面视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品。夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层。
夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准(其中唯一差别关于格条的玻璃片的厚度,其为2.1mm而非4mm)在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)确定的层叠玻璃格条(其由其间并入夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃片构成,具有25mm × 300mm的表面积)的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且在相同条件下通过MIM确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损失因数η2大于或等于0.25。
如下文所见,发明人已证实,包括这些特征的夹层使得有可能获得薄化的层叠玻璃制品,其声学性能品质等同于或甚至优于包括改善的声学特性的已知夹层的具有标准玻璃厚度的层叠玻璃制品。
根据本发明的夹层用于并入两个玻璃片之间以形成层叠玻璃制品。
图2示出了根据本发明的玻璃制品的截面视图。
玻璃制品包括两个玻璃片1、2,根据本发明的夹层插入它们之间。夹层对玻璃片的牢固连接由已知手段产生,例如,通过堆叠玻璃片和夹层,并且通过将组件送入高压釜中。
玻璃制品的玻璃片1用于面对车辆外部,而玻璃片2用于面对车辆内部。玻璃片1优选比玻璃片2厚,使得玻璃制品相对于外部冲击(恶劣天气、砂砾的弹射等)提供更好保护。具体而言,玻璃越厚,则其机械强度越大。然而,玻璃越厚,则其越重。因此,必须在玻璃制品的机械强度与重量之间找到折衷。因此,玻璃片1的厚度例如在0.5mm与2.6mm之间,且优选为在1.4mm与2.0mm之间,且玻璃片2的厚度例如在0.5mm与1.6mm之间,且优选地在1.1mm与1.5mm之间。
在现有的玻璃制品中,玻璃片1的厚度通常为2.1mm,且玻璃片2的厚度通常为1.6mm,即,为3.7mm的总玻璃厚度。
根据本发明的玻璃制品包括严格小于3.7mm,优选小于或等于3.2mm的总玻璃厚度。
优选地,根据本发明,玻璃片1的厚度为1.8mm,且玻璃片2的厚度为1.4mm,以便限制玻璃制品的重量,这使得有可能减少装备有此种玻璃制品的车辆的燃料消耗。这还使得有可能更容易地操纵玻璃制品,且节省材料。
根据本发明的玻璃制品还可具有1.6mm厚的玻璃片1和1.2mm厚的玻璃片2,或1.4mm厚的玻璃片1和1.1mm厚的玻璃片2。
夹层由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层3构成。其优选地基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和塑化剂。塑化剂的含量和性质和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的缩醛度使得有可能以已知方式改变基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和塑化剂的构件的刚性。
在图2的实例中,夹层还包括称为外层的两个层4、5,层3插入它们之间。
外层4、5优选由标准PVB制成。层3的刚度小于外层4、5,以便适当地振动,以确保期望的声学阻尼。
作为变型,夹层可包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性弹性塑料制成的至少两个层,可选地由标准PVB层包绕。
夹层的声学特性通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量层叠玻璃格条的机械阻抗(MIM)来确定,该层叠玻璃格条由各2.1mm厚(且不是如ISO 16940标准中推荐的4mm厚)的两个玻璃片构成,具有25mm × 300mm的表面积,根据本发明的夹层,即,包括具有振动声学阻尼特性弹性塑料的至少一个层的夹层并入在两个玻璃片之间。
MIM使得有可能确定层叠玻璃格条的各种共振模态的共振频率和损失因数。
如果由MIM确定的层叠玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且由MIM确定的层叠玻璃格条的第二共振模态的损失因数η2大于或等于0.25,则该夹层是依照本发明的。
优选地,共振频率f2在800Hz与900Hz之间,这使得有可能具有改善的声学性能品质,同时在临界频率之前更少地降低层叠玻璃制品的削弱水平。更优选地,共振频率f2在800Hz与850Hz之间,这使得有可能具有更为改善的声学性能品质,同时在临界频率之前甚至更少地降低层叠玻璃制品的削弱水平。
优选地,损失因数η2大于0.30,这使得有可能具有改善的声学性能品质,同时改善声学阻尼。
机械阻抗(MIN)的测量在组装层叠玻璃格条后的至少一个月时执行,层叠玻璃格条自身在制造夹层后的至少1个月时已组装。这使得有可能确保夹层和层叠玻璃制品已实现稳定状态,且因此确定可靠价值。
图1示出了在三个挡风玻璃上测量的作为频率的函数的隔音曲线。玻璃制品的隔音考虑了可在配备有所述玻璃制品的车辆上观察到的声学性能品质。
因此,第一挡风玻璃(21-16已知)包括:
- 分别2.1mm和1.6mm厚的两个玻璃片,和
- 夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的中心层,夹层具有675Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.35(±0.03)的损失因数η2
第一挡风玻璃对应于具有已知夹层的标准挡风玻璃,该已知夹层具有声学阻尼特性
第一挡风玻璃的隔音曲线(示为菱形)在大约6500Hz处示出下落(dip)。
第二挡风玻璃(18-14已知)包括:
- 分别1.8mm和1.4mm厚的两个玻璃片,和
- 夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的中心层,夹层具有675Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.35(±0.03)的损失因数η2
第二挡风玻璃对应于薄化的挡风玻璃,其具有与第一挡风玻璃相同的夹层。
第二挡风玻璃的隔音(由正方形所示)的曲线直到大约5000Hz示出了与第一挡风玻璃类似的性质,但下落朝较高频率移动,在大约8000Hz处。下落的该转移很令人忧虑,因为其暗示该挡风玻璃允许空气噪音在刺激人耳的高频率下穿过。
第三挡风玻璃(18-14本发明)包括:
- 分别1.8mm和1.4mm厚的两个玻璃片,和
- 夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层,和由具有振动声学阻尼特性弹性塑料制成的中心层,夹层具有800Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.30(±0.03)的损失因数η2
第三挡风玻璃对应于具有根据本发明的夹层的薄化挡风玻璃。
第三挡风玻璃的隔音曲线(由三角形所示)示出了类似于第一挡风玻璃的特性,其中下落集中于大约6500Hz处,且隔音值类似于第一挡风玻璃的隔音值。
因此,具有根据本发明的夹层的挡风玻璃实际上使得有可能补偿与玻璃制品变薄相关联的声学退化。
根据本发明的层叠玻璃制品可用作机动车辆挡风玻璃。在此情况下,其当然满足用于确保其机械强度的硬冲击强度的联合国的43号法规(称为法规43)的所有条件。为此,在夹层包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层的情况下,例如以已知方式改变这些外层4、5的厚度,例如,根据专利申请FR 09 52567。

Claims (9)

1. 一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其用于并入两个玻璃片之间,以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的层叠玻璃制品,所述夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层(3),所述夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)确定的层叠玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率(f2)在760Hz与1000Hz之间,所述层叠玻璃格条由其间并入该夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃片构成,具有25mm × 300mm的表面积,且在相同条件下通过MIM确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损失因数(η2)大于或等于0.25。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层,其特征在于,所述层(3)基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和塑化剂。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的夹层,其特征在于,所述共振频率(f2)在800与900Hz之间,且优选地在800Hz与850Hz之间。
4. 根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的夹层,其特征在于,所述损失因数(η2)大于0.30。
5. 根据权利要求1至4中的一项所述的夹层,其特征在于,还包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层(4,5),所述层(3)在所述两个外层(4、5)之间。
6. 根据权利要求1至5中的一项所述的夹层,其特征在于,所述机械阻抗的测量在所述层叠玻璃格条的组装之后的至少一个月时执行,所述层叠玻璃格条自身在所述夹层的制造之后的至少一个月时已组装。
7. 一种玻璃制品,包括:
- 厚0.5mm与2.6mm之间的玻璃片(1),
- 厚0.5mm与1.6mm之间的玻璃片(2),
- 根据权利要求1到6中的任一项的夹层,所述夹层在所述玻璃片(1、2)之间,
其中,所述玻璃片(1、2)的总厚度严格地小于3.7mm。
8. 一种机动车辆,其包括根据权利要求7的玻璃制品,厚0.5mm与2.6mm之间的所述玻璃片(1)面对所述车辆的外部,且厚0.5mm与1.6mm之间的所述玻璃片(2)面对所述车辆的内部。
9. 根据权利要求7的玻璃制品作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的使用。
CN201380026601.3A 2012-05-22 2013-05-16 用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包括此种夹层的玻璃制品 Pending CN104302477A (zh)

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