CN104289505B - The method of comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal - Google Patents
The method of comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method comprehensively utilizing animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, step is as follows, selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually remove weeds, shrub, time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep ploughing, makes soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil；When temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil defrosting in spring, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor eugene poplar with enriching heavy metal ability；After transplanting completes, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce Lumbricus repair process, collect Lumbricus afterwards；After first time in Lumbricus repair process collects Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion, afterwards Herba Commelinae plant is connected root entirety and remove.The inventive method is simple to operate, repairing effect good, the persistent period is long.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of soil remediation method, especially relate to comprehensively utilize animals and plants repairing heavy metal pollution soil
The method of earth, belongs to soil remediation method field.
Background technology
The heavy metal of contaminated soil specifically includes that 1, lead is the toxic metals can put aside in human body and animal tissue.Lead
That pollutes is mainly derived from various paint, coating, accumulator, smelting, five metals, machinery, plating, cosmetics, hair dye, muffle painting bowl
Dish, tableware, fire coal, puffed food, running water pipe etc..It enters internal close with multiple organ by skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract
With, major toxicity effect is anemia, nervous function imbalance and injury of kidney, and vulnerable crowd has child, old man, immunocompromised
Crowd.2, cadmium is not the essential elements of human body.The toxicity of cadmium is very big, can put aside, mainly put aside at kidney, cause and secrete in human body
The changes of function of urinary system；Cadmium main source have plating, dig up mine, smelt, the waste water of the discharge such as fuel, battery and chemical industry；
Cadmium can replace calcium in bone, makes skeleton seriously soften, and bone is broken into pieces, and can cause the dirty functional disorder of stomach, interference human body and organism
The enzyme system of interior zinc, causes vascular hypertension.Vulnerable crowd is mining operations person, hypoimmunity crowd.3, hydrargyrum and change thereof
Compound belongs to extremely toxic substance, can be at people's body accumulation.After mercury metal in blood enters cerebral tissue, gradually long-pending in cerebral tissue
Tired, cerebral tissue will be caused damage when reaching a certain amount, another part mercury ion transfers to kidney.Enter the nothing of water body
Machine mercury ion can be changed into the organic mercury that toxicity is bigger, food chain enter human body, causes systemic toxicity profiles effect；Vulnerable people
Group has women, especially ready-to-be mother, hobby seafood personage；4, pollution of chromium be mainly derived from cosmetic material inferior, leather preparation,
Metal parts chromium plating part, commercial pigments and tanning, rubber and Ceramic Material etc.；Drink as eaten by mistake, can cause abdominal discomfort and
The poisoning symptoms such as diarrhoea, cause allergic dermatitis or eczema, breathe and enter, and have stimulation and corrosiveness to respiratory tract, cause pharynx
Inflammation, bronchitis etc..The seriously polluted Area Inhabitants of water, often in contact with or Excess free enthalpy person, the rhinitis that is easy to get, tuberculosis, suffer from diarrhoea,
Tracheitis, dermatitis etc..
Heavy metal-polluted soil recovery technique is broadly divided into phytoremediation, microorganism remediation, physical chemistry reparation and agriculture project
Recovery technique.Wherein, biological restoration refers to that the vital metabolic utilizing animal, microorganism or plant is movable, cuts down in soil environment
Content of beary metal or reduce its toxicity by changing heavy metal chemical form in soil.Phytoremediation is to utilize plant
Pollutant in soil are fixed, absorb, with the pollutant removed in soil environment or make its harmfulness be minimized or
Disappear.Plant stability, phytovolatilization and plant extract are 3 kinds of main Types of phytoremediation.Though microorganism can not be degraded and break
Bad heavy metal, but heavy metal migration in the environment and conversion can be affected by changing its physicochemical characteristic.It is profit that animal is repaired
This characteristic of heavy metal, the animal occupied by habit or input height can be absorbed with some lower animal (such as Lumbricus) in soil environment
Heavy metal-polluted soil is absorbed, degrades or shifts by enriched animal, to remove removing heavy metals or to suppress its toxicity.
Notification number CN 101947539B(application number 201010248855.8) Chinese patent literature disclose a kind of process
The soil remediation method of heavy metal contaminants, by the content of beary metal height in soil, is divided into three classes, i.e. serious pollution by soil
Soil, intermediate pollution soil and light contamination soil, the restorative procedure for serious pollution soil is first to carry out chemical leaching, then
Carry out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation；Restorative procedure for the soil of intermediate pollution includes earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and plant
Repair；Restorative procedure for light contamination soil is phytoremediation.Publication No. CN 102076436 B(application number
200980124086.6) Chinese patent literature discloses a kind of soil remediation method, comprises the following steps: by metal combination
Grain joins the place containing one or more metal pollutants so that at least the one of one or more metal pollutants described
Chelated by described granule a bit, and breed in described place with plant.Publication No. CN103833274A(application number
201310751031.6) Chinese patent literature discloses a kind of heavy metal pollution soil consolidator and using method, firming agent
For the combination of Binder Materials, biological carbon, Plant fiber and stabilizer, in firming agent, the quality of each material is according to heavy metal polluted soil
The percentage composition of dry weight adds, and Binder Materials 10-15%, biological carbon 5%, Plant fiber 10%, stabilizer 1%.Order of addition is successively
For stabilizer, biological carbon, Plant fiber and Binder Materials.In stable process, add chemical stabilizer and biological carbon, can adsorb
Heavy metal also makes it be passivated, and loses animal migration, and preparing heavy metal polluted soil mud provides condition, whole place for later stage chemical reaction
Reason process no dust pollution, without sewage discharge more than needed.Add Plant fiber, it is possible to effectively prevent conventional solidified dose of curing heavy metal
Cracking after Polluted Soil, improves the durability of firming body.
Main flow soil restoring technology now, although method is more, but the limitation of being respectively provided with, such as operate complexity, reparation
High in cost of production, therefore remain a need for a kind of simpler effective soil remediation method of research invention.
Summary of the invention
Not enough for prior art, a kind of method that it is an object of the invention to provide restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, have
Simple to operate, repairing effect good, the feature of duration length.
The technical scheme is that
The method of comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient becomes thoroughly decomposed
Organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, deep ploughing, make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil；
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil in spring thaws, transplant and there is the woody of enriching heavy metal ability
Fast-growing arbor eugene poplar；
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce Lumbricus repair process, collect Lumbricus afterwards；
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+ There is super summation, growth speed
Spend fast herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion, afterwards Herba Commelinae plant is connected root overall
Remove；
Described biological renovation method, step (1) time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter is used sufficient by the consumption of 400-800 kg/acre becomes thoroughly decomposed
Organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers (preferably, uses sufficient, by the consumption of 500-700 kg/acre, the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed；More preferably, public by 600
Pound/acre consumption use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed).
Described animal restorative procedure, step (1) deep ploughing 35～55cm(is preferred, deep ploughing 40～50cm；More preferably
, deep plough 45cm).
Described biological renovation method, step (2) described transplanting has the woody fast-growing arbor of enriching heavy metal ability and adds
Poplar of putting on airs refers to, uses the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of eugene poplar, line-spacing 2.3-3.2 rice, spacing in the rows 1.4-1.6
Rice (preferably, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters), dig cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.4-0.8 rice, cave deep 0.3-0.5 rice.
Described biological renovation method, after step (2) Canada wood is transplanted, fills the most permeable, makes seedling root and soil
In conjunction with tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, preventing and treating soil compaction and dry and cracked, combine weather condition later, water in time,
Avoiding arid, the root growth of mid or late May-June nursery stock is very fast, therefore topdresses to nursery stock in early or mid May, from nursery stock
Dig semilune ditch at 20-30cm, by every mu execute carbamide 20 kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30 kg is topdressed；Mid or late June nursery stock starts
Enter Fast-growing stage, execute carbamide 30 kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 100 kg for every mu and add calcium superphosphate 30 kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is
The Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and imposes the potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride 20 kg, combine weather and suitably pour water during fertilising.
Described biological renovation method, step (3) described Lumbricus repair process, it is by after moistening for soil irrigation, throws in too
Flat No. two Lumbricuss, throwing in density is 0.5-2.0 kg/m2, Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal, makes
Obtaining heavy metal stop in vivo and be enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water, and mulching straw moisturizing every day；
4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, and the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm, season in spring and autumn
Each first quarter moon is collected and is once become earthworm, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, makes earthworm kind quantity in soil
Equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, and addition is 20～25 kg/m2, enter
All of Lumbricus is collected after being less than 10 DEG C by time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature.
Described biological renovation method, in step (3), peaceful No. two Lumbricuss throw in density is 0.8-1.5 kg/m2(preferably
, throwing in density is 1 kg/m2).
Described biological renovation method, uses natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel in step (3)
Going out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stack on a plastic film after loosening, Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can gradually be displaced downwardly to plastics thin
Film, gradually wipes off topsoil and puts back to earthworm bed, collects vermis finally by crossing sieve method.
Described biological renovation method, step (4) described herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae uses the seeding row spacing skewer of 15cm × 10cm
Insert, water after transplanting in good time, when second time collects Lumbricus, cradle Herba Commelinae, the most often collect a Lumbricus, cradle a duck
Sole of the foot grass, when the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, connects root entirety by Herba Commelinae plant and removes.
Described biological renovation method, Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Herba Commelinae with repairing, repairs ground and introduce Lumbricus spring
Before, using sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that thoroughly rake is ploughed in soil, and ibid, whole repair process is that First Year March is to Second Year for time and method
November, the time of 20 totally months, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and
20th month (i.e. the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November), each sampling 1 time, was used for understanding soil remediation
Progress.
Restorative procedure treatment cost of the present invention is cheap, the later stage processes simply, environmental pollution is little, have wide market prospect
With far-reaching social benefit, additionally, beneficial effects of the present invention is also manifested by:
1, the absorption of the fast-growing arbor heavy metal ion selected by the present invention does not have selectivity, can absorb a multiple huge sum of money
Belong to, can be goed deep into bottom soil by its huge root system, repair more thorough；
2, the hyperaccumulative plant hyperaccumulative plant Herba Commelinae selected in this method has the biggest patience and enrichment energy to Cu2+
Power, then it is aided with animal (Lumbricus) recovery technique, the highest effect removing heavy metal pollution of soil can be reached.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe technical scheme in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and experimental example, but protection domain is not limited by this.
Embodiment 1 comprehensively utilizes the method for animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, and step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter is public by 500
Pound/acre consumption use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed and use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep plough 40cm, makes soil weathering, freezes to death and survive the winter
Insect, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil；
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil in spring thaws, transplant and there is the woody of enriching heavy metal ability
Fast-growing arbor eugene poplar, uses the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of eugene poplar, line-spacing 2.3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.4
Rice, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.4 meter, deep 0.3 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill the most permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tighter
Close, train one layer of thin soil after pouring water immediately, preventing and treating soil compaction and dry and cracked, combine weather condition later, water in time, it is to avoid be dry
Drought, the root growth of mid or late May-June nursery stock is very fast, therefore topdresses to nursery stock in early or mid May, from nursery stock 20-30cm
Semilune ditch is dug at place, by every mu execute carbamide 20 kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30 kg is topdressed；Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters speed
The raw phase, execute carbamide 30 kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 100 kg for every mu and add calcium superphosphate 30 kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is nursery stock
Fast-growing stage, needs every mu and imposes the potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride 20 kg, combine weather and suitably pour water during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, Lumbricus repair process is introduced, after moistening for soil irrigation,
Throwing in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, throwing in density is 0.8 kg/m2, and Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal,
Making heavy metal stop in vivo and be enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw is protected
Wet；4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, and the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm, spring and autumn
Save the collection of each first quarter moon and once become earthworm, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, make earthworm kind number in soil
Measuring equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, and addition is 20 kg/m2, enters the autumn
After at the beginning of the winter of end, temperature is less than 10 DEG C, all of Lumbricus is collected.Natural lighting collecting method is used to collect vermis afterwards: to use tingle
Rake, shovels out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stacks on a plastic film after loosening, and Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can gradually be displaced downwardly to
Plastic sheeting, gradually wipes off topsoil and puts back to earthworm bed, collects vermis finally by crossing sieve method；
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce and Cu2+ is had super summation, growth
Fireballing herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae, the enhancing enrichment to thin solum copper ion, plant Herba Commelinae employing 15cm ×
The seeding row spacing cuttage of 10cm, waters after transplanting in good time, when second time collects Lumbricus, cradles Herba Commelinae, the most often collects once
Lumbricus, cradles a Herba Commelinae, when the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, Herba Commelinae plant connects root entirety and moves
Remove.
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Herba Commelinae with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, uses sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers,
It is broken that thoroughly rake is ploughed in soil, and ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November for time and method, 20 totally months time
Between, 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process (were i.e. repaired
The First Year July of journey, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, it is used for understanding soil remediation progress.
Embodiment 2 comprehensively utilizes the method for animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, and step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter is public by 700
Pound/acre consumption use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed and use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep plough 50cm, makes soil weathering, freezes to death and survive the winter
Insect, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil；
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil in spring thaws, transplant and there is the woody of enriching heavy metal ability
Fast-growing arbor eugene poplar, uses the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of eugene poplar, line-spacing 3.2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.6
Rice, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.8 meter, deep 0.5 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill the most permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tighter
Close, train one layer of thin soil after pouring water immediately, preventing and treating soil compaction and dry and cracked, combine weather condition later, water in time, it is to avoid be dry
Drought, the root growth of mid or late May-June nursery stock is very fast, therefore topdresses to nursery stock in early or mid May, from nursery stock 20-30cm
Semilune ditch is dug at place, by every mu execute carbamide 20 kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30 kg is topdressed；Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters speed
The raw phase, execute carbamide 30 kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 100 kg for every mu and add calcium superphosphate 30 kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is nursery stock
Fast-growing stage, needs every mu and imposes the potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride 20 kg, combine weather and suitably pour water during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, Lumbricus repair process is introduced, after moistening for soil irrigation,
Throwing in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 1.5kg/m2, and Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal,
Making heavy metal stop in vivo and be enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw is protected
Wet；4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, and the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm, spring and autumn
Save the collection of each first quarter moon and once become earthworm, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, make earthworm kind number in soil
Measuring equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, and addition is 25 kg/m2, enters the autumn
After at the beginning of the winter of end, temperature is less than 10 DEG C, all of Lumbricus is collected.Natural lighting collecting method is used to collect vermis afterwards: to use tingle
Rake, shovels out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stacks on a plastic film after loosening, and Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can gradually be displaced downwardly to
Plastic sheeting, gradually wipes off topsoil and puts back to earthworm bed, collects vermis finally by crossing sieve method；
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce and Cu2+ is had super summation, growth
Fireballing herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae, the enhancing enrichment to thin solum copper ion, plant Herba Commelinae employing 15cm ×
The seeding row spacing cuttage of 10cm, waters after transplanting in good time, when second time collects Lumbricus, cradles Herba Commelinae, the most often collects once
Lumbricus, cradles a Herba Commelinae, when the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, Herba Commelinae plant connects root entirety and moves
Remove.
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Herba Commelinae with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, uses sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers,
It is broken that thoroughly rake is ploughed in soil, and ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November for time and method, 20 totally months time
Between, 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process (were i.e. repaired
The First Year July of journey, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, it is used for understanding soil remediation progress.
Embodiment 3 comprehensively utilizes the method for animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, and step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter is public by 600
Pound/acre consumption use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed and use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep plough 45cm, makes soil weathering, freezes to death and survive the winter
Insect, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil；
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil in spring thaws, transplant and there is the woody of enriching heavy metal ability
Fast-growing arbor eugene poplar, uses the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of eugene poplar, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters,
Digging cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, deep 0.4 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill the most permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr,
One layer of thin soil is trained immediately after pouring water, preventing and treating soil compaction and dry and cracked, combine weather condition later, water in time, it is to avoid arid, 5
Month the middle ten days and the last ten days-June, the root growth of nursery stock was very fast, therefore topdresses to nursery stock in early or mid May, is digging first quarter moon away from nursery stock 25cm
Shape ditch, by every mu execute carbamide 20 kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30 kg is topdressed；Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, every mu
Execute carbamide 30 kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 100 kg and add calcium superphosphate 30kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every
Mu imposes the potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride 20 kg, combines weather and suitably pour water during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, Lumbricus repair process is introduced, after moistening for soil irrigation,
Throwing in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 1kg/m2, and Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal, makes
Obtaining heavy metal stop in vivo and be enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water, and mulching straw moisturizing every day；
4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, and the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm, season in spring and autumn
Each first quarter moon is collected and is once become earthworm, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, makes earthworm kind quantity in soil
Equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, and addition is 23 kg/m2, enters autumn Mo
All of Lumbricus is collected after being less than 10 DEG C by temperature at the beginning of the winter.Natural lighting collecting method is used to collect vermis afterwards: to use little rake,
Shoveling out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stack on a plastic film after loosening, Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can gradually be displaced downwardly to plastics
Thin film, gradually wipes off topsoil and puts back to earthworm bed, collects vermis finally by crossing sieve method；
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce and Cu2+ is had super summation, growth
Fireballing herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae, the enhancing enrichment to thin solum copper ion, plant Herba Commelinae employing 15cm ×
The seeding row spacing cuttage of 10cm, waters after transplanting in good time, when second time collects Lumbricus, cradles Herba Commelinae, the most often collects once
Lumbricus, cradles a Herba Commelinae, when the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, Herba Commelinae plant connects root entirety and moves
Remove.
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Herba Commelinae with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, uses sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers,
It is broken that thoroughly rake is ploughed in soil, and ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November for time and method, 20 totally months time
Between, 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process (were i.e. repaired
The First Year July of journey, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, it is used for understanding soil remediation progress.
The actual application of the method for test example 1 embodiment 5 gained comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal:
Test plot: choose 100 meters * 100 meters of heavy metal pollution soil, according to lattice method, randomly select 50 and take
Sampling point, detects its content of beary metal, repeated measure twice, takes average and is the content of beary metal of this trial zone, and assay method is joined
Perform according to GB15618-1995 " standard of soil environment quality ".
Test method: the method experimental field using example 3 gained comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, whole
Individual repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, before contaminated soil remediation starts and repaired
In journey 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (i.e. the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, 11
Month) respectively sampling 1 time, it is used for understanding soil remediation progress.
Test index: heavy metal cadmium Cd, copper Cu, hydrargyrum Hg, lead Pb.According to national standard, content of beary metal is with Cd < 0.3
< < 50mg/kg is final purpose for 50 mg/kg, Hg < 0.3 mg/kg, Pb for mg/kg, Cu.
Test effect: such as content of beary metal (mg/kg) before and after table 1 experimental field soil remediation
The method of comprehensive utilization animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal of the present invention, the most more
It is suitable for the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, simple to operate, cost is relatively low, effect is notable.Test proves that, the huge sum of money in soil
Belong to cadmium Cd, copper Cu, hydrargyrum Hg, lead Pb content, through the repair process of 20 months, have dropped respectively 90.1.%, 64.0%, 67.0%,
62.4%, repairing effect is notable, and has reached ultimate criterion requirement.
It should be pointed out that, the detailed description of the invention more representational example that is the present invention, it is clear that the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is not limited to above-described embodiment, it is also possible to have many variations.Those of ordinary skill in the art, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any amendment of being made, replace, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method comprehensively utilizing animals and plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and it is public that the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter presses 500-700
Pound/acre consumption use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep plough 40～50cm, make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil
Broken；
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil in spring thaws, the woody fast-growing with enriching heavy metal ability is transplanted
Arbor eugene poplar；The mode using interlacing dibbling transplants the annual seedling of eugene poplar, line-spacing 2.3-3.2 rice, spacing in the rows 1.4-
1.6 meters, digging cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.4 ~ 0.8 meter, deep 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter of cave；After transplanting, fill the most permeable, make seedling root and soil
Earth combines tightr, trains one layer of thin soil after pouring water immediately, preventing and treating soil compaction and dry and cracked, combines weather condition later, waters in time
Water, it is to avoid arid, the root growth of mid or late May ~ June nursery stock is very fast, therefore topdresses to nursery stock in early or mid May, from Seedling
Wood 20 ~ 30cm at dig semilune ditch, by every mu execute carbamide 20 kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30 kg is topdressed；Mid or late June nursery stock opens
Begin to enter Fast-growing stage, execute carbamide 30 kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 100 kg for every mu and add calcium superphosphate 30 kg, mid or late July ~ by the end of August,
It is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose potassium chloride 20 kg, combine weather during fertilising and suitably pour water；
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature more than 15 DEG C, introduce Lumbricus repair process, collect Lumbricus afterwards；Described Lumbricus is repaired
Process, is by after moistening for soil irrigation, throws in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, and throwing in density is 0.8-1.5 kg/m2, Lumbricus is not by stopping
Wriggling and ingest in ground, related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather is every
It at least spills a water, and mulching straw moisturizing；4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn sprinkle water once, and the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, the summer
Collecting in one month season and once become earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and threw in
A certain amount of earthworm kind, makes earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, and meanwhile, a process cycle adds the most organic
Fertilizer, addition is 20～25 kg/m2, enter after time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature is less than 10 DEG C and all of Lumbricus collected；Use nature light
Collect vermis according to collecting method: use little rake, shovel out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, after loosening, be deposited in plastic sheeting
On, Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can gradually be displaced downwardly to plastic sheeting, is gradually wiped off by topsoil and puts back to earthworm bed, receives finally by crossing sieve method
Collection vermis；
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+ There is super summation, fast growth
Herbaceous plant Herba Commelinae, strengthen enrichment to thin solum copper ion, afterwards Herba Commelinae plant connected root entirety and remove；
Described Herba Commelinae uses the seeding row spacing cuttage of 15cm × 10cm, waters after transplanting in good time, when second time collects Lumbricus, cradles duck
Sole of the foot grass, the most often collects a Lumbricus, cradles a Herba Commelinae, when the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, by duck
Sole of the foot grass plant connects root entirety and removes；
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Herba Commelinae with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, uses sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, soil
Plough thoroughly rake broken, time and the same step of method (1), whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, 20 totally months time
Between, respectively sampling 1 time of 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process,
For understanding soil remediation progress.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) use sufficient by the consumption of 600 kgs/acre become thoroughly decomposed organic
Agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) deep ploughing 45cm.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is 1 kg/m that peaceful No. two Lumbricuss throw in density2。
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