CN104279805A - Method for controlling running of water-cooled screw-type refrigerating unit - Google Patents
Method for controlling running of water-cooled screw-type refrigerating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104279805A CN104279805A CN201410530441.2A CN201410530441A CN104279805A CN 104279805 A CN104279805 A CN 104279805A CN 201410530441 A CN201410530441 A CN 201410530441A CN 104279805 A CN104279805 A CN 104279805A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling running of a water-cooled screw-type refrigerating unit. The method includes the following steps: (1), detecting unit running mode, namely detecting the running mode of the refrigerating unit with a backup, and sending an exhaust pressure value of the refrigerating unit during running to a storer after analog-digital conversion; (2), setting exhaust pressure control parameters of a compressor on a touch screen of a PLC (programmable logical controller), sending the pressure control parameters to a PID (proportion integration differentiation) program specified register, and connecting a cooling water pump transducer running terminal; (3), calling a PID subprogram and returning an output value after operation by the PLC, driving a cooling water pump transducer after the PID output value is subjected to analog-digital conversion, driving a cold water unit to run, and feeding exhaust pressure of the cold water unit back to the PLC controller; (4), judging whether cooled incoming water temperature of the cold water unit is larger than a preset value or not, if yes, setting required condensing temperature, and if not, taking the cooled incoming water temperature as pressure control parameters; (5), starting a cooling fan when the incoming water temperature reaches judged temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to air conditioning and refrigeration technical field, be specifically related to water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit safety, saving-energy operation control method.
Technical background
The structure of water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration machine (abbreviation compressor) is simple, few easy workout part, and dynamic equilibrium is good, and thus its smooth running is reliable, and the life-span is long, and noise is low, thus is used widely.It generally provides low-temperature receiver to air-conditioning system, and the domestic producer having a lot of family to produce water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration machine, bright brand is as DUNHAM-BUSH, McQuay etc. to have the world to know, also has a lot of home brands.In water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration machine uses, often there will be and run oily phenomenon, it refers to that refrigerator oil and cold-producing medium can not normal separation in oil eliminator, and oil enters a kind of fault of evaporimeter with cold-producing medium.Oil is attached on heat exchanger copper pipe after entering evaporimeter, affects heat-transfer effect, causes refrigerating efficiency low.Because evaporator temperature is low, oil viscosity is large, at this moment can affect the detection of liquid level in evaporator, and then cause compressor to return liquid, returning liquid can cause again delivery temperature low, increases the weight of to run oily phenomenon, forms vicious circle like this, that liquid refrigerant instead of oil entirely bottom last compressor, there will not be the low warning of oil level, but compressor do not have oil lubrication and machinery wearing and tearing, cause screw support bearings to damage, and then the phenomenon of negative and positive rotor locking can be caused, bring massive losses to user.
The main cause that screw refrigerator runs oil is: Compressor Discharge Pressure is too low, and thus delivery temperature is also low, and oil eliminator effect will be caused so bad, and therefore oil gone to inside evaporimeter.Cause that Compressor Discharge Pressure is too low two reasons, one is that load is little, and coolant water temperature is low and flow is large; Two is that evaporimeter liquid supply rate is excessive, compressor air suction band liquid, and Compressor Discharge Pressure, temperature also can be caused too low.Therefore compressor will be avoided to run oil, and one is flow and the temperature of wanting controlled cooling model water, and two is to control evaporimeter liquid level well.And liquid level determines in equipment debugging process, therefore run at ordinary times and generally only need to control well handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling water flow, whether observation evaporimeter liquid level is normal simultaneously.Because evaporimeter liquid level is detected by liquid level sensor, controlled, when after one of them component failure by expansion valve (or modulation motor), capital has influence on evaporimeter liquid level, this phenomenon of the failure not easily finds, when by the time finding compressor return air pipe condensation or frosting, compressor is impaired.
Screw compressor refrigerating unit cooling water flow generally passes through valve regulated, one is manual adjustments mode, but when unit starting or temperature Change, load variations time, need manually to go adjustment cooling water valve size, make Compressor Discharge Pressure at OK range, such needs people keeps on machine side, adjusts valve at any time according to machine ruuning situation.Because load, temperature can often change, it is normal, high again after a while, low again after a while that artificial adjustment valve often there will be pressure at expulsion just now.Pressure at expulsion is high, and compressor COP value will be low, and power consumption increases.Pressure at expulsion is low will run oil, and therefore unit operation situation is unstable.Another kind is automatic regulative mode, and unit adjusts cooling water valve size automatically according to ruuning situation, but cooling water pump can be made like this to be operated in the very low state of efficiency, can not play energy-saving effect.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention will solve the problems of the technologies described above exactly, provide a kind of avoid compressor run oil, security of operation, energy-saving effect show water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method.
For achieving the above object, the water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method designed by the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1), unit operation mode detection: the refrigeration unit method of operation detecting the using and the reserved, when A unit operation B unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive A unit, detect A unit exhaust pressure value, when B unit operation A unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive B unit, detect B unit exhaust pressure value, when A unit and B unit run simultaneously, startup variable frequency pump and general pump drive A unit and B unit respectively simultaneously, and the average pressure getting two units is exhaust pressure value; Described exhaust pressure value is sent to memory as control object Real-time Feedback value;
(2), PLC judges whether handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature is greater than setting value: if, then according to the optimal control temperature difference cooling inflow temperature and setting, by refrigerant temperature and pressure Mathematical Modeling, calculate the self adaptation with water temperature change and optimize pressure at expulsion numerical value as goal pressure controling parameters, being sent to PID program and specifying register; If not, then using handpiece Water Chilling Units minimum safe, energy-saving run pressure as goal pressure controling parameters, be sent to PID program specify register; The change of PLC environmentally temperature changes control objectives value automatically, makes handpiece Water Chilling Units and cooling water pump operate in the less Optimization Work state of total energy consumption;
(3), PLC calls PID subprogram and output valve after returning computing, and PID output valve, through digital-to-analogue conversion rear drive cooling water pump frequency converter, ensures handpiece Water Chilling Units safety, energy-saving run, and the pressure at expulsion of handpiece Water Chilling Units is fed back to PLC;
(4), according to the operating characteristic of cooling tower, its leaving water temperature is relevant to wet-bulb temperature, by detecting wet-bulb temperature, is T after adding a fixing reasonable temperature difference
w, work as T
w< T
fmintime
,t
fminfor the minimum control temperature of cooling fan, with T
fminas cooling fan control temperature T
f, work as T
w>=T
fmintime, with T
wmake cooling fan control temperature T
f, as handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature T
in> T
fduring+△ t, then start cooling fan; Work as T
in< T
fduring-△ t, then stop cooling fan to reduce cooling fan energy consumption, wherein △ t is for controlling return difference;
(5), the protection of unit discharge superheat: when expansion valve, modulation motor or evaporimeter liquid level sensor break down cause unit return liquid or feed flow not enough time; utilize refrigerant pressure and temperature Mathematical Modeling; by detecting pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature calculates discharge superheat; when compressor returns liquid; discharge superheat can reduce; when lower than a setting value; starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor; when compressor feed flow is not enough; discharge superheat can raise; when higher than a setting value, starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor.
In technique scheme, unit recirculated cooling water management program is set in PLC, avoids condenser fouling, ensure the duty of handpiece Water Chilling Units.
In technique scheme, PLC output is connected with touch-screen, and controller parameter and the equipment working condition of PLC show on the touchscreen, and realize human-computer dialogue by touch-screen.
The present invention is found by research, and existing air conditioner refrigerating amount carrys out Lectotype and calculation according to the annual monthly average highest temperature, humidity, and after determining equipment cooling capacity, circulating cooling water yield V2 is according to following formulae discovery:
V2=Q2/(T1-T2)
Q2=Q1+N
In formula, Q2-----cooling heat Kcal; T1-T2-----main frame cooling water Inlet and outlet water temperature, is generally 5 DEG C, Q1-----handpiece Water Chilling Units refrigerating capacity Kcal; N-----refrigeration unit loss electrical power KW.
General in 6 annual ~ September, refrigeration unit needs oepration at full load, and other month refrigeration unit 25% ~ 60% load operation.The heat produced because of refrigeration distributes eventually through cooling tower, and refrigerating capacity size determines the size of cooling water flow.Therefore along with the minimizing of refrigerating capacity, the flow of cooling water also can reduce, and the cooling Inlet and outlet water temperature difference, declared working condition water inlet is 30 DEG C, and water outlet 35 DEG C, when inflow temperature is lower than 30 DEG C, the Inlet and outlet water temperature difference is greater than 5 DEG C, and cooling water flow also can reduce.When cooling water inflow demand reduces, the rotating speed of water pump just can reduce, and pump characteristics is as follows:
Q1/Q2=n1/n2 P1/P2=(n1/n2)3
Q1 is 50Hz flow, and Q2 is flow after frequency conversion, and n1 is power frequency rotating speed, and n2 is frequency conversion rotating speed, and P1 is power frequency power, and P2 is power after frequency conversion
The method provided of the present invention is, when Compressor Discharge Pressure (condensation temperature) is suitable, temperature was once often changing, pressure changes about 30KPa, due to the impact of discharge superheat, the refrigerant temperature that certain pressure at expulsion is corresponding is also not equal to delivery temperature, and cooling water outlet temperature and condensation temperature have a difference changed.Therefore use the mode of observing and controlling pressure at expulsion of the present invention, pressure resolution value is 1KPa, utilizes pressure at expulsion controlled cooling model water pump operation frequency, has better and detection and control precision, pressure at expulsion can be controlled a suitable Safety Operation Pressure.
In addition, the feature that the present invention is relevant to wet-bulb temperature according to cooling tower leaving water temperature, by detecting wet-bulb temperature, cooling tower fan start and stop temperature is made to be that adaptive environment temperature controls, avoiding with the cooling tower leaving water temperature of control fan start and stop during conventional temperature controller is fixed value, the shortcoming that cooling fan works always.As cooling tower leaving water temperature in winter is traditionally arranged to be 20 DEG C, but along with temperature raises, when wet-bulb temperature is more than 20 DEG C, fan is not stopped work and is made water temperature and can not be down to less than 20 DEG C, therefore cooling tower fan on off control temperature is the Self Adaptive Control desired value with variation of ambient temperature, saves cooling fan energy consumption to greatest extent.
When pressure at expulsion fixedly controls a suitable Safety Operation Pressure, raise because cooling tower leaving water temperature raises with temperature, according to actual observation data unit operation, when cooling tower leaving water temperature is close to 30 DEG C, cooling water pump running frequency will reach 50Hz, even if also start a water pump to increase cooling water flow, Compressor Discharge Pressure declines also not obvious, but pump energy consumption significantly increases.Therefore compressor is under certain cooling inflow temperature condition, and cooling water flow (corresponding pump energy consumption) and unit pressure at expulsion (corresponding energy consumption of compressor) have the operating point that a total energy consumption (energy consumption of compressor make-up water pump energy consumption) is minimum.Compressor Discharge Pressure control objectives value of the present invention is Self Adaptive Control, ensures that refrigeration system total energy consumption is minimum when different cooling tower leaving water temperature.By detecting cooling inflow temperature, and in equipment debugging process, determine the temperature difference of compressor condensation temperature and the cooling inflow temperature making total energy consumption minimum, again by refrigerant temperature pressure Mathematical Modeling, calculate the adaptive optimization pressure at expulsion control objectives value with the change of cooling inflow temperature, even if when temperature height, also can reduce refrigeration system total energy consumption, ensure the working condition that compressor has had simultaneously.
Invention increases the compressor air-discharging degree of superheat to report to the police, utilize refrigerant pressure and temperature data to generate Mathematical Modeling, by detecting pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature calculates discharge superheat, when compressor returns liquid, discharge superheat can reduce, and when lower than a setting value, starting reports to the police exports.
Because cooling water flow reduces, invention increases unit recirculated cooling water management program, avoid condenser fouling, ensure the duty of handpiece Water Chilling Units.
The present invention is applicable to the refrigeration unit for the using and the reserved, the method of operation can be A unit operation, or B unit operation, or two units run simultaneously, by design the programme-control of unit operation mode detection in A unit operation observing and controlling A unit pressure at expulsion, B unit operation observing and controlling B unit pressure at expulsion, the average pressure getting two units when two units run simultaneously is observing and controlling value.
While multiple method of the present invention ensure that the safe operation of compressor, farthest reduce system total energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is control method flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is control principle block diagram of the present invention;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
Water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method shown in Fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
(1), unit operation mode detection: the refrigeration unit method of operation detecting the using and the reserved, when A unit operation B unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive A unit, detect A unit exhaust pressure value, when B unit operation A unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive B unit, detect B unit exhaust pressure value, when A unit and B unit run simultaneously, startup variable frequency pump and general pump drive A unit and B unit respectively simultaneously, and the average pressure getting two units is exhaust pressure value; Described exhaust pressure value is sent to memory as control object Real-time Feedback value;
(2), PLC judges whether handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature is greater than setting value: if, then according to the optimal control temperature difference cooling inflow temperature and setting, by refrigerant temperature and pressure Mathematical Modeling, calculate the self adaptation with water temperature change and optimize pressure at expulsion numerical value as goal pressure controling parameters, being sent to PID program and specifying register; If not, then using handpiece Water Chilling Units minimum safe, energy-saving run pressure as goal pressure controling parameters, be sent to PID program specify register; The change of PLC environmentally temperature changes control objectives value automatically, makes handpiece Water Chilling Units and cooling water pump operate in the less Optimization Work state of total energy consumption;
(3), PLC calls PID subprogram and output valve after returning computing, and PID output valve, through digital-to-analogue conversion rear drive cooling water pump frequency converter, ensures handpiece Water Chilling Units safety, energy-saving run, and the pressure at expulsion of handpiece Water Chilling Units is fed back to PLC;
(4), according to the operating characteristic of cooling tower, its leaving water temperature is relevant to wet-bulb temperature, by detecting wet-bulb temperature, is T after adding a fixing reasonable temperature difference
w, work as T
w< T
fmintime
,t
fminfor the minimum control temperature of cooling fan, with T
fminas cooling fan control temperature T
f, work as T
w>=T
fmintime, with T
wmake cooling fan control temperature T
f, as handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature T
in> T
fduring+△ t, then start cooling fan; Work as T
in< T
fduring-△ t, then stop cooling fan to reduce cooling fan energy consumption, wherein △ t is for controlling return difference;
(5), the protection of unit discharge superheat: when expansion valve, modulation motor or evaporimeter liquid level sensor break down cause unit return liquid or feed flow not enough time; utilize refrigerant pressure and temperature Mathematical Modeling; by detecting pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature calculates discharge superheat; when compressor returns liquid; discharge superheat can reduce; when lower than a setting value; starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor; when compressor feed flow is not enough; discharge superheat can raise; when higher than a setting value, starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor.
In PLC, set blowing time cycle and the blowing time of handpiece Water Chilling Units, during handpiece Water Chilling Units cycle time of advent running time, start handpiece Water Chilling Units blowdown, in blowing time, complete blowdown.Avoid condenser fouling like this, ensure the duty of handpiece Water Chilling Units.By refrigerant pressure and temperature calculated with mathematical model condensation temperature, measure the delivery temperature of handpiece Water Chilling Units, the degree of superheat is calculated according to condensation temperature and delivery temperature, judge that whether the degree of superheat is qualified, if qualified, then continue calculated temperature and judge whether qualified, if defective then output alarm signal.
PLC output is connected with touch-screen, and controller parameter and the equipment working condition of PLC show on the touchscreen, and realize human-computer dialogue by touch-screen.
Show in Fig. 2 and use PLC in the device of the inventive method to adopt siemens PLC PLC+ touch-screen to control, S7-200 PLC can complete the mathematical operation of various complexity, analog input precision is 12, Compressor Discharge Pressure is controlled with pid algorithm, touch-screen arranges controling parameters and display system working condition, easy to operate; Cooling water pump frequency converter uses Danfoss VLTRAQUA Series Frequency Converter, and it has multiple powerful standard and optional attribute, senior energy monitoring function, checks real-time power consumption and accumulation power consumption very easily.
The inventive method is tried out and is shown on cooling unit, and Compressor Discharge Pressure can accurately control in setting safe pressure value by the present invention, avoids race oil phenomenon when temperature is low, the little Compressor Discharge Pressure of load is on the low side.Degree of superheat energy well monitoring compressor return-air situation, will reduce if compressor returns the liquid degree of superheat, system will be reported to the police.Through the operation of a period of time in winter, occurred never again to run oily phenomenon, ensured the security of operation of compressor.And easy to operate, compressor pressure to be observed on handpiece Water Chilling Units touch-screen when need not resemble original start, while go to regulate cooling water valve, run here and there in both sides, only need to start handpiece Water Chilling Units just passable, system regulates cooling water flow automatically, sets up rapidly normal operating pressure.When not filling this controller, the low handpiece Water Chilling Units of environment temperature can not be run at all, but cleaning shop internal temperature is high, brings certain influence to production.On the other hand, when this control mode takes full advantage of outdoor low temperature, the feature that cooling water flow can significantly reduce, energy-saving effect is remarkable.Energy-saving run situation of the present invention following (handpiece Water Chilling Units cold 798KW, cooling water pump motor 22KW, the fully loaded power output 18.5KW of actual measurement):
Environment temperature is at 30 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature 25 DEG C, cooling inflow temperature 28.5 DEG C, during rate of load condensate 25%, water pump operation can meet the demands at 30Hz, and flow declines 40%, and power drop is to 0.6
3* P1=21.6%*18.5KW=4KW, economize on electricity 18.5KW-4KW=14.5KW per hour.During December, water pump operation can meet the demands (with cooling tower, water pump difference in height in pass) at minimum 15Hz, and flow declines 70%, and power drop is to 0.3
3* P1=2.7%*18.5KW=0.5KW, economize on electricity 18.5KW-0.5KW=18KW per hour.Data according to the observation, run power consumption in a week 48 degree December, if use original mode, within one week, need power consumption 2590 degree, and reduction effect is remarkable, substantially identical with actual observation data of frequency converter with upconverter theoretic frequency, power data.
On the other hand, by pid algorithm and adaptive optimization force value by Stress control behind reasonable operating point, both ensured that compressor normally ran, compressor can also be made under various operating condition to keep higher Energy Efficiency Ratio, there will not be to resemble and determine cooling water outlet temperature control mode when rate of load condensate is large, the shortcoming that compressor Energy Efficiency Ratio sharply declines, also there will not be to resemble and determines the unconspicuous shortcoming of cooling Inlet and outlet water temperature difference control mode energy-saving effect.
The inventive method enters trial run at cooling unit upslide, frequency converter display operation 3477 hours, spend the electricity charge 16528 degree, if electricity charge 3477*18.5KW=64324 degree will be needed by the method for prior art, the inventive method is power cost saving 47796 degree, estimates that the whole year can power cost saving about 75000 degree.
The part that the present invention does not elaborate is prior art.
Claims (3)
1. a water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1), unit operation mode detection: the refrigeration unit method of operation detecting the using and the reserved, when A unit operation B unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive A unit, detect A unit exhaust pressure value, when B unit operation A unit outage, start a variable frequency pump and drive B unit, detect B unit exhaust pressure value, when A unit and B unit run simultaneously, startup variable frequency pump and general pump drive A unit and B unit respectively simultaneously, and the average pressure getting two units is exhaust pressure value; Described exhaust pressure value is sent to memory as control object Real-time Feedback value;
(2), PLC judges whether handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature is greater than setting value: if, then according to the optimal control temperature difference cooling inflow temperature and setting, by refrigerant temperature and pressure Mathematical Modeling, calculate the self adaptation with water temperature change and optimize pressure at expulsion numerical value as goal pressure controling parameters, being sent to PID program and specifying register; If not, then using handpiece Water Chilling Units minimum safe, energy-saving run pressure as goal pressure controling parameters, be sent to PID program specify register; The change of PLC environmentally temperature changes control objectives value automatically, makes handpiece Water Chilling Units and cooling water pump operate in the Optimization Work state of total low energy consumption;
(3), PLC calls PID subprogram and output valve after returning computing, and PID output valve, through digital-to-analogue conversion rear drive cooling water pump frequency converter, ensures handpiece Water Chilling Units safety, energy-saving run, and the pressure at expulsion of handpiece Water Chilling Units is fed back to PLC;
(4), according to the operating characteristic of cooling tower, its leaving water temperature is relevant to wet-bulb temperature, by detecting wet-bulb temperature, is T after adding a fixing reasonable temperature difference
w, work as T
w< T
fmintime
,t
fminfor the minimum control temperature of cooling fan, with T
fminas cooling fan control temperature T
f, work as T
w>=T
fmintime, with T
wmake cooling fan control temperature T
f, as handpiece Water Chilling Units cooling inflow temperature T
in> T
fduring+△ t, then start cooling fan; Work as T
in< T
fduring-△ t, then stop cooling fan to reduce cooling fan energy consumption, wherein △ t is for controlling return difference;
(5), the protection of unit discharge superheat: when expansion valve, modulation motor or evaporimeter liquid level sensor break down cause unit return liquid or feed flow not enough time; utilize refrigerant pressure and temperature Mathematical Modeling; by detecting pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature calculates discharge superheat; when compressor returns liquid; discharge superheat can reduce; when lower than a setting value; starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor; when compressor feed flow is not enough; discharge superheat can raise; when higher than a setting value, starting reports to the police exports or stops compressor.
2. water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: arrange unit recirculated cooling water management program in PLC, avoid condenser fouling, ensure the duty of handpiece Water Chilling Units.
3. water-cooling screw rod formula refrigeration unit progress control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: PLC output is connected with touch-screen, controller parameter and the equipment working condition of PLC show on the touchscreen, and realize human-computer dialogue by touch-screen.
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CN112212552A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Cooling method, cooling device, computer readable medium and electronic device |
CN112212552B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-10-15 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Cooling method, cooling device, computer readable medium and electronic device |
CN113898569A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-07 | 国家电投集团协鑫滨海发电有限公司 | Intelligent analysis system for running state of air compressor and electronic equipment |
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CN115451595B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-07-28 | 广东精益运输制冷设备有限公司 | Refrigerating unit and refrigerator car with same |
CN117053618A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 江苏橙智云信息技术有限公司 | Variable-frequency water chilling unit control system and method |
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