CN1042603A - Pipeline device in heat accumulator - Google Patents
Pipeline device in heat accumulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1042603A CN1042603A CN89108733A CN89108733A CN1042603A CN 1042603 A CN1042603 A CN 1042603A CN 89108733 A CN89108733 A CN 89108733A CN 89108733 A CN89108733 A CN 89108733A CN 1042603 A CN1042603 A CN 1042603A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- storage heater
- heat
- pipe
- pipeline
- line equipment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
- F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0416—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
- F24H7/0425—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air with supplementary heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a piping device in a heat accumulator, and more particularly, to a piping device in a heat accumulator in a heat exchange system or a heat accumulator utilizing accumulated thermal energy stored by inexpensive night electric energy. In the present invention, the pipe in the heat accumulator 1 is heated to 850 ℃ and formed in the shape of "" so as to spray steam on the top of the heat accumulator for a long time, and in the pipe apparatus according to the present invention, the hole between the pipe in the heat accumulator and the heat storage material is filled with powder of high heat guiding ability to prevent the change of expansion force of the heat accumulator due to the temperature change.
Description
Up to now, for existing heat-exchange system, the heat boiler structure of for example using in the heat-exchange system effectively and is for good and all set up storage heater and is still existed problem, because its will chap and damage in a short time after finishing.
In addition, because the providing day by day of energy cost, Research on Saving Energy is impelled and is utilized cheap electric energy at night by day, and it is dropped into practical application.In PCT patent application No.0183327 and No.0183328 the electric energy at night with cheapness being converted to heat also saves so that the method for Shi Yonging is studied by day, in the No.0183327 patent application, introduce a kind of contact storage heater device, and in the No.0183328 patent application, disclose a kind of storage heater that is provided with heat exchange relationship with the cooling machine.
The EPO patent application No.83903597.9 of prior art is the more effective storage heater that combines with heat exchanger about storage heater.This known method has for example utilized a water tank as storage container, for the energy storage ability of reasonable level is provided, need have the big and high structure of expense in space.Other known structure also is based on the complicated apparatus, the expense costliness, and be suspectable scheme for solve utilizing the cheap energy at night.In the prior art, this storage heater and a heating system are connected in series, and are provided with the big volume heat transfer pipe of chamber profile in a jumbo storage heater equipment.
The size of these pipelines is made for steam is formed in described chamber.When restarting to conduct heat, steam is extruded from each chamber continuously.This work relates to some control problems.
In order to lower the danger of the uncontrolled distribution of steam, suggestion is provided with a condenser in the outlet and/or the independent steam exhaust-gas road of each chamber of storage heater.Another kind of system needs an auxiliary condenser device that comprises water system, and this water system comprises that the used detection of an expansion vessel, water pump and this pump is by the temperature controlling device in the system of storage heater heating.
The present invention relates to the pipeline that will extrude as the water vapour of the water evaporating state of the heat-transfer matcrial of this storage heater.Outside dewatering, also available other material is as heat-transfer matcrial.For the present invention is described easily, below water be used as heat-transfer matcrial.This storage heater comprises that a usefulness has for example main body made such as cast iron, pottery of high heat capacity and materials with high melting point.This main body be used for from 10 in afternoon to the next morning 6 be heated to than the taller many high temperature of the maximum temperature of heat exchanger by electric energy.Storage heater main body by the electric energy heating is topped to keep heat wherein with a heat-insulating material.
On daytime, overwhelming majority electric energy are used for factory and commercial department from 9 of mornings to 6 pm, and the hot water that provides to family just is provided the heat that is stored in the storage heater.During from 12 in the morning to 1 lunch break in afternoon, available electrical energy heats to storage heater, as utilizing the cheap electric energy at night.
Be provided with the pipeline of the fluid (for example water) that contains more lower boiling liquid phase, to be connected the transmission of carrying out heat with the storage heater main body with heat exchanger.
In pipeline, be provided with a circulating pump,, have the pipeline that is communicated with expansion vessel, so that bear maximum pressure in the side of drawing water of this pump in order to transporting water between storage heater main body and heat exchanger.Be provided with a temperature-detecting device and make that water pump quits work when heat exchanger arrives predetermined temperature.Thereby make the ducted dry-steam of storage heater main body remain the modest pressure state that in this expansion vessel, is produced.Perhaps, temperature-detecting device also can be a room temperature automatic regulator, and it uses when this storage heater is connected to a floor heating system.
Therefore, when water pump receives a starting signal from described temperature-detecting device, restarting heat between storage heater main body and the heat exchanger when transmitting, steam is transferred away at once and is full of pipeline.Heat exchanger can have an expansion vessel open type or closed loop to bear the bulbs of pressure.The water pump control device preferably adopts thermostat or thyristor device to detect in the heat exchanger system or in the water temperature in heat exchanger inlets or exit.
The storage heater main body for example can be made with the ceramic material that approximately has following ingredients, and this ceramic material comprises that percentage by weight is 90% MgO, 4% SiO
2, the oxide of 4% CaO and 2% other different kinds.Storage heater is made up of ceramic material.Electricity heating line is placed in the hole of ceramic material, and is connected in series with power supply.In the storage heater main body, be provided with hot channel.The storage heater main body is topped with thick heat-insulating material, and heat-reflecting layer or reflectance coating is arranged again so that can keep heat better.Pipeline inserts in the storage heater, and water flows through therein, so that carry out heat exchange between storage heater main body and pipe-line system.Thermostat in the system and thyristor are controlled the circulation rate of circulating pump according to the temperature difference between inlet tube temperature or inflow and the outflow water temperature.
From following detailed and exemplary accompanying drawing, can understand the present invention more fully, in the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the storage heater according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the profile according to pipe-line equipment of the present invention,
Fig. 3 (A) (B) (C) is a schematic diagram according to pipeline embodiment in the storage heater of the present invention.
Mark among the figure is represented following parts: label 1 expression storage heater, label 2 expression electricity heating lines, label 3 and 8 expression pipelines, label 4 expression heat-insulating materials, label 5 and 6 expression circulating pumps, label 18 expressions one installation for steam condensation, label 7 expressions one auxiliary regenerator case, label 30 expression boilers, label 16 expression radiators, label 20 expression control modules, label 24 expression thermostats, label 14 expression hold over systems, label 25 expression expanding chambers, label 17 expression connectors, label 19 expression cold valves.
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of heat-exchange system, and this heat-exchange system comprises according to storage heater of the present invention and heat exchanger.Heat-storing material in the storage heater (1) is by electricity heating line (2) heating of the control module (20) that is connected to the control power supply.Storage heater (1) can be heated to 600 ℃ sometimes even reach 850 ℃, and thermal energy storage is in the heat-storing material such as cast iron or pottery.
In order to utilize stored heat energy, the work by circulating pump (5) (6) makes the water circulation in the pipeline (3) of storage heater (1), and the heat that is stored in the storage heater (1) is delivered to boiler (30) by installation for steam condensation (18).The cold water that charges into boiler by import (34) is heated under the help of screw (5) by the hot water in the pipeline (3), is fed to kitchen or bathroom and other places that needs from outlet (35) then.Pipeline (3) also can be connected to radiator (16), so that warm bedroom and living room.As mentioned above, expanding chamber (25) can be contained in the pipeline (3) with the form of sealing, or is arranged separately in the outside with the form of opening wide.
Circulating pump (5) (6) is fed to water at low temperature in the storage heater (1).The control module (20) of also controlling electric energy supply at night in addition constitutes hold over system (14) with storage heater (1).At the capacity that is heated to above storage heater (1), when perhaps being higher than 850 ℃, unnecessary heat is stored in the auxiliary regenerator case 7, and the auxiliary regenerator case can be provided with a plurality of, to improve heat storage capacity.According to the size of room or heating space, storage heater (1) can be connected in series or be connected in parallel, with the ability of control thermmal storage.
In the present invention, the pipeline (3) in the storage heater (1) can be heated to up to 600 ℃, sometimes even reach 850 ℃, and is formed
Shape is so that remain on steam for a long time the top of storage heater (1).
As a result, steam can absorb heat of high temperature near the pipeline, and the work by thermostat (24) (33), the water temperature in the pipeline (3) is controlled to corresponding with the water temperature in boiler and the storage heater (1), and remains on predetermined temperature.When water temperature reduced, the speed of circulating pump (6) improved, so that water temperature is remained on predetermined temperature, and for example 70 ℃.
According to the present invention; powder 3b that can filling has high thermal steering ability in the hole (3a) between pipeline (3) and the heat-storing material (1); for storage heater along with variations in temperature expands; powder (3b) with high thermal steering ability for example can be made up of copper powder, cement flour or carborundum; they can not ftracture and broken accident thereby protect in advance according to storage heater in the heat-exchange system of the present invention according to the difference of the temperature expansion constant between the variations in temperature compensation different materials of pipeline.Fluid in the pipeline (3) can be the hot transferring material with higher boiling and lower boiling liquid state.
The present invention is using pottery, or also being provided with pipe jointer (17) (17 ') between the import of the storage heater (1) made of porcelain and the outlet, the connector of making by the non-conducting material between the circulating pump (5) in pipeline (3) and hold over system (14) prevents thermal losses and electric leakage.
Fig. 3 (A) (B) has illustrated embodiment according to equipment of the present invention in (C), pipeline (3) can be installed in the system horizontal or vertically, is used effectively according to local and situation.Can be used to cooler (16) or heater (16) are connected in the storage heater (1) according to system of the present invention (14), according to the size in building or room, several systems can the serial or parallel connection arrangement.
According to storage heater of the present invention (1) though pipe-line equipment because according to the difference of expansion-the contractions constant of high temperature between different materials, also can forever use and can not produce and chap or break.And horizontal or vertical installed device can be used as the economy that is suitable for various situations or environment and the system of high thermal efficiency.
Claims (7)
1, the pipe-line equipment of a kind of storage heater (1) is characterized in that the pipeline (3) in this storage heater (1) can be heated to more than the boiling point of water, and form "
" shape, keeping the steam condition of the heat-transfer matcrial such as water or other liquid substances, and this pipeline is arranged to link to each other with storage heater (1) with the heat exchanger of for example floor heating system (30), carries this heat transfer substance by circulating pump (5) (6).
2, according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in storage heater (1) as being filled with the powder (3b) of the high thermal steering ability that for example copper and cement or carborundum forms in the heat-storing material of pottery or cast iron and so on and the hole (3a) between the pipeline (3), to prevent the be full of cracks that expansion was caused that causes because of variations in temperature or to break.
3,, it is characterized in that heat-transfer matcrial has high and low boiling point according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 2.
4,, it is characterized in that pipeline (3) can be vertically or flatly be installed in the storage heater (1) according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 1.
5, according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 1, it is characterized in that described pipeline (3) can be connected with a radiator (16) or with the cooler of air-conditioning.
6, according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 1, it is characterized in that this pipeline (3) can be connected in series or be connected in parallel to be suitable for suitable storage heater number and size.
7, according to the pipe-line equipment of the storage heater (1) of claim 2, the connector (17) (17 ') that it is characterized in that being connected to the import of leading (3) (17) of storage heater (1) and export (17 ') is that the non-conducting material of porcelain is made by for example plastics, pottery.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR880014563 | 1988-11-05 | ||
| KR14563/88 | 1988-11-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1042603A true CN1042603A (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| CN1022132C CN1022132C (en) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=19279032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89108733A Expired - Fee Related CN1022132C (en) | 1988-11-05 | 1989-11-04 | Pipeline device in heat accumulator |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1022132C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2001505C (en) |
| IE (1) | IE63981B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990005271A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101627277B (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2013-04-24 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Heat accumulating device |
| CN103547881A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2014-01-29 | 等熵有限公司 | Improved heat storage apparatus |
| CN103673165A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-26 | 魏铮 | Multifunctional system tail end energy storing and releasing machine |
| CN105757965A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-07-13 | 邹恩义 | Electric water heating device |
| CN107726907A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏高菱蓄能科技有限公司 | A kind of autoamtic protection device for forming |
| CN115324985A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 涌镇液压机械（上海）有限公司 | Automatic regulating heat exchanger |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2046070B1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1996-08-16 | Eika S Coop Ltda | WATER HEATER FOR HEAT ACCUMULATION. |
| ES2185510B1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2004-08-16 | Francisco Sanchez Rodriguez | BOILER OF THERMAL ENERGY ACCUMULATION OF ELECTRICAL ORIGIN AND DOWNLOAD ON DEMAND THROUGH VAPOR CONDENSATION. |
| WO2006072178A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-13 | New World Generation Inc. | Thermal storage medium |
| WO2006072185A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-07-13 | New World Generation Inc. | A power plant having a heat storage medium and a method of operation thereof |
| CN100458280C (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-02-04 | 北京科技大学 | Superheat adjustable self-purifying steam generation method by using valley electricity to store heat |
| DE102008047557A1 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) | Device and system for storing thermal energy |
| US20110308761A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Regenerator, regeneration process, and liquid polymer mixture for a regenerator |
| EP3985340A1 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Thermal energy storage plant |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1418460A (en) * | 1919-03-21 | 1922-06-06 | Pfenninger Hermann | Heat-storing and water-evaporating plant |
| CH252974A (en) * | 1947-01-20 | 1948-02-15 | Sulzer Ag | Heat storage with electric heating. |
| GB1034929A (en) * | 1963-09-26 | 1966-07-06 | Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd | Heat storage apparatus |
| US4714821A (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1987-12-22 | Leif Jakobsson | Heat accumulator |
-
1989
- 1989-10-23 CA CA002001505A patent/CA2001505C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-04 CN CN89108733A patent/CN1022132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-06 IE IE356789A patent/IE63981B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-06 WO PCT/SE1989/000635 patent/WO1990005271A1/en unknown
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101627277B (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2013-04-24 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Heat accumulating device |
| CN103547881A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2014-01-29 | 等熵有限公司 | Improved heat storage apparatus |
| CN103547881B (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2016-06-08 | 等熵有限公司 | The heat-storing device improved |
| CN103673165A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-26 | 魏铮 | Multifunctional system tail end energy storing and releasing machine |
| CN103673165B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-04-20 | 魏铮 | Multifunctional system tail end accumulation of energy release energy machine |
| CN105757965A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-07-13 | 邹恩义 | Electric water heating device |
| CN107726907A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏高菱蓄能科技有限公司 | A kind of autoamtic protection device for forming |
| CN107726907B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏高菱蓄能科技有限公司 | Automatic protection device |
| CN115324985A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-11 | 涌镇液压机械（上海）有限公司 | Automatic regulating heat exchanger |
| CN115324985B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-05-24 | 涌镇液压机械（上海）有限公司 | Automatic adjusting heat exchanger |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2001505C (en) | 1994-12-06 |
| IE893567L (en) | 1990-05-05 |
| CA2001505A1 (en) | 1990-05-05 |
| CN1022132C (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| WO1990005271A1 (en) | 1990-05-17 |
| IE63981B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| OR01 | Other related matters | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |