CN104230532A - Controlled-release fertilizer as well as producing method and using method of controlled-release fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a controlled-release fertilizer. The controlled-release fertilizers comprises 50-75 parts of a base fertilizer which is obtained by mixing urea, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate in a ratio of 8 to 4 to 17. The controlled-release fertilizer is characterized by further comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of a micro fertilizer which is obtained by mixing borax, zinc sulfate and bunge corydalis herb in a ratio of 1 to 1 to 1.8, 3-5 parts of powder prepared by extracts of aconite, rhizoma anemarrhenae, asarum, siberian cocklebur fruit and Chinese stellera, 10-15 parts of plant ashes, 3-5 parts of modified starch, 2-4 parts of starch-grafted copolymer, 3-5 parts of lignin, 6-8 parts of potassium fulvate, and 5-8 parts of coating materials, wherein the coating materials can be any one of sulfur coating materials, resin coating materials or urease inhibitor coating materials. The controlled-release fertilizer is simple in proportion, convenient to use, long in curative effect, controlled-release in release, comprehensive in nutrition and capable of effectively preventing soil pests and diseases.

Description

A kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer and manufacture thereof, using method

Technical field:

The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, particularly relate to a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer and manufacture thereof, using method.

Background technology:

Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer adopting polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer usually, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with water molecules form, so free in and out in film except water molecule energy, fertiliser granulates completely and external environment, and got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film by nutrient.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of water molecules, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore sets), only relevant with moisture movement speed, and the movement velocity of water molecules depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizer such as microorganism, pH value of soil is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, early stage causes nutrient excess soon owing to discharging, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has about 35%, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually to be taken the later stage the nutrient saving do not used in early stage and is supplied to plant, decreases leaching loss, the decomposition of microorganism and soil fixing simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly engross to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention uses, and the highest fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient of release, and release speed depends on temperature, and the release of day temperature height is fast, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.

For potato, within 1 year, conventional fertilizer application needs 3-4 time, and labour intensity is large, expends fertilizer many, produces to settle to lose growth.The fertilizer practice of potato should be followed based on farm manure, chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, and base manure is principle that is main, that suitably topdress.Potato is tuber crops, likes loose sand loam soil, requires that weather is felt nice and cool.Base manure consumption generally accounts for more than 2/3 of total rate of fertilizer application, and base manure, based on the farm manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, enriches a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, and particularly phosphorus potassium fertilizer makes base manure, can improve the physical properties of soil like this, is conducive to growth and knot potato.In base manure, nitrogen fertilizer amount accounts for 50%, and the application process of base manure is ditch spread before planting or spreads manuer in holes, dark 15 cm.Concrete rate of fertilizer application is the plot of per mu yield about 1500 kilograms, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500-2500 kilogram, 20 kilograms, urea, general calcium 20-30 kilogram, potash fertilizer 10-12 kilogram, or the composite fertilizer 40-60 kilogram of high nitrogen and potassium type, and prolific area rate of fertilizer application can suitably increase.Chemical fertilizer will impose on from potato seed 2-3 centimeters, avoids directly contacting with potato seed, earthing after fertilising.Topdress and will carry out Rational Application over a long time in conjunction with potato raw.Seedling Stage wants Nitrogen Top Dressing, can to water and execute, be conducive to keeping a full stand of seedings in conjunction with cultivation and banking every mu with urea 5-8 kilogram to water.Potato Post flowering, generally do not carry out rhizosphere to topdress, particularly can not Nitrogen Top Dressing, potato Post flowering, mainly with foliage-spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of every mu of foliage-spray 0.3-0.5% 50 kilograms, if nitrogen stress, can increase 100-150 gram of urea, spray in every 10-15 days once, connects spray 2-3 time.Potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, if soil lacking boron or scarce zinc, with the borax of 0.1-0.3% or zinc sulfate root outer spraying, generally every spray in 7 days once, can connect spray twice, and every mu with solution 50-70 kilogram.Potato is happiness potassium crop, will pay attention to using of potash fertilizer especially in balance fertilizing.Meanwhile, too much chloride fertilizer should not be used, as Repone K, should potassium sulfate be selected, otherwise can Potato Quality be affected.

Potato growth adaptability is stronger, can plant throughout the country, general breeding time is 90-110 days, often produce 1000 kilograms of potatos, need absorbed nitrogen 3.5-5.5 kilogram, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kilogram, potassium (K2O) 10.6-12.0 kilogram, N: P2O5: K2O is 4.5: 2.1: 11.3, or 1: 0.5: 2.If per mu yield 1500 kilograms of potatos, need absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium average out to 7,3,17 kilograms.Nitrogen can promote stem, leaf grow and tuber starch, protein accumulation.Phosphorus element promotes that plant fertility is healthy and strong, improves stem tuber quality and storage tolerance, increases starch content and output.Potassium element promotes the tuber starch accumulation in potato growth later stage, promotes the disease-resistant and tolerance to cold of plant.In addition, potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, and boron is conducive to potato block and expands, and prevents be full of cracks, has special role to raising plant net accumulation ratio.

Ingredient in general fresh potato: starch 9 ~ 20%, protein 1.5 ~ 2.3%, fat 0.1 ~ 1.1%, robust fibre 0.6 ~ 0.8%.Nutritive ingredient contained in 100g potato: heat 66 ~ 113J, calcium 11 ~ 60mg, phosphorus 15 ~ 68mg, iron 0.4mg ~ 4.8mg, VitB1 0.03 ~ 0.07mg, riboflavin 0.03 ~ 0.11mg, nicotinic acid 0.4 ~ 1.1mg.Potato contains some poisonous alkaloids, mainly solanine and chactomium globosum alkali, but generally through the high-temperature cooking of 170 DEG C, toxic substance will decompose.Potato is containing solanine (solanine), intoxicating composition is solanine (C45H73O15N), also known as potato toxin, the potato of prematurity, livid purple skin or budded potato increase to 25 ~ 60mg containing black nightshade glucoside, even up to 430mg, so a large amount of edible prematurity or budded potato can cause acute poisoning.Wild potato toxicity is higher, and solanism can cause headache, diarrhoea, twitch, and stupor, even can cause death.But the potato toxicity of Common Cultivation is very low, poisoning with potato event is seldom had to occur.Cultivation potato generally contains alkaloid lower than 0.2 milligram/gram, generally just can cause intoxicating phenomenon more than 200 milligrams, be equivalent to once eat up 1.4 kilograms of raw potatos.

In view of potato is to the specific demand of fertilizer, especially special to the demand of base manure, element with, common chemical fertilizer and fertilizer can not be directly applied for potato, therefore, have occurred some dedicated fertilizers for potato crop, as Chinese patent application 2009101621450 discloses a kind of potato chemical fertilizer specially and preparation method thereof, raw material and the weight percent of special fertilizer comprise: nitrogen 10-11 part, phosphorus element 6-7 part, potassium element 7-8 part and micro-fertile 1-2 part; Described preparation method comprises: according to above-described raw material and proportioning, by each raw material by proportioning mixing, pulverizing, uses comminution granulation again, makes described Controlled Release Fertilizer.For another example Chinese patent application 2009102382137 discloses a kind of compound fertilizer specially used for potato and preparation method thereof, comprise the saturated aqueous solution of zinc salts of organic acid saturated aqueous solution and organic acid calcium salt, the saturated aqueous solution of molysite, the saturated aqueous solution of boron-containing compound and tensio-active agent.For another example Chinese patent application 2010100391721 discloses a kind of special compound fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, comprises 15-21% urea, 19-25% phosphoric acid diamines, this magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer of 15-21%, 15-21% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 21-27 Repone K; For another example disclosed in Chinese patent application 2011104159865, a kind of potato special nutritional is fertile, urea 22-24 part; Monoammonium phosphate 15-17 part; Repone K 18-20 part; Zinc sulfate 4-6 part; Ammonium molybdate 4-6 part; Sodium Tetraborate 2-3 part; The ratio of bio-feritlizer 2-3 part mixes.Bio-feritlizer comprises human and animal excreta, and the fertile ratio of the nitrogen specifically comprised, phosphorus, potassium and live body is respectively: 25: 17: 14: 5.For another example Chinese patent application 2013101699521 discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof, is to be formed by straw decomposing thing, urea, potassium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, ten Sodium Tetraboratees, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate and water glass, nickelous nitrate and repellent mixing granulation.For another example Chinese patent application, 201310383459X discloses a kind of Special fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, urea 12-14, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 45-49, bicarbonate of ammonia 32-35, potassium sulfate 16-19, borax 3-4, Sodium orthomolybdate 4-5, manganous sulfate 2-3, zinc sulfate 2-3, soil conditioner 6-9, ground dolomite 12-15, weathered coal 21-24, peat composed of rotten mosses 12-15, nano-sized carbon 1-2, bean dregs 32-35, Oil of Eucalyptus 1-2; The trace element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and molybdenum, manganese, zinc is made particle by the present invention, and has slow release effect.For another example Chinese patent application 2013104986212 discloses with a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.This fertilizer comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent.Wherein, the mass parts of each component is as follows: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.Urase/nitrated release controlled fertilizer technology is lost chemical fertilizer technology with control and is organically combined by this fertilizer, plays synergy.This technology can make fertilizer slow release, can reduce again the loss discharging nutrient, has slowly-releasing and control mistake double effects.In addition, migration and the loss that material micro-nano network can also control urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor is lost in control, can not only strengthen slow release effect, and can alleviate their pollution of loss to environment.On the basis of existing technology, aim to provide a kind of proportioning simple, easy to use, curative effect is long in the present invention, slowly-releasing release, comprehensive nutrition, and a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer that potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce and manufacture thereof, using method.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existed in prior art, provide a kind of proportioning simple, easy to use, curative effect is long, slowly-releasing release, comprehensive nutrition, and a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer that potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce and manufacture thereof, using method.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, in, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, starch graft copolymer 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-3 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, starch graft copolymer 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 3-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, starch graft copolymer 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Starch graft copolymer is starch knot branch vinyl cyanide, starch knot branch vinylformic acid or acrylate, starch knot branch acrylic acid amides, any one in starch knot branch acrylate, gather after the water suction of described starch knot graft copolymer expand agglomerating.

Pulvis prepared by the extract that the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, the root of langdu are spent, is specially:

The rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5: 3: 3: 2: 3, add after being soaked in water in container, organic solvent extraction is adopted to extract 3 times, No. 3 extracting solutions merging carry out boiling together afterwards, decoct and add starch after thick, after drying, after uv irradiating sterilization, namely obtain pulvis.

Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention again discloses a kind of preparation method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operates in accordance with the following steps:

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

The diameter of the particle of described Controlled Release Fertilizer is 5mm-30mm.

Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operates as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, and the potato special fertilizer of preferred 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away.

Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, and easy to use, curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce.Be specially:

The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer adopting polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer usually, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with water molecules form, so free in and out in film except water molecule energy, fertiliser granulates completely and external environment, and got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film by nutrient.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of water molecules, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore sets), only relevant with moisture movement speed, and the movement velocity of water molecules depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizer such as microorganism, pH value of soil is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, early stage causes nutrient excess soon owing to discharging, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has about 35%, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually to be taken the later stage the nutrient saving do not used in early stage and is supplied to plant, decreases leaching loss, the decomposition of microorganism and soil fixing simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly engross to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention uses, and the highest fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient of release, and release speed depends on temperature, and the release of day temperature height is fast, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.

The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, the release in early stage of usual this fertilizer is very slow, later stage release is accelerated, realize S release and have two kinds of modes, a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release curve of plant-growth, and during plant seedling stage in early stage, few to nutrient demand, along with the quickening of growth, accelerate the demand of nutrient, therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve thereupon.

Have a surplus for one times that invention increases utilization rate of fertilizer, loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 30%-50%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer sold in the market is essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off the risk of fertilizer.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of potato raw long season (knot potato), make fertilizer nutrient releasing rule absorb consistent with crop nutrition content, single fertilization meets the demand of the whole Growing season of potato.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower), in knot potato phase onset, gives the potato supplement trace nutrition of knot potato phase while Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, comparatively common fertilizer volume increase 30-48%, in addition through analysis data, finds the alkaloid more conventional reduction 30-42% of potato.

Embodiment:

The Controlled Release Fertilizer of the application, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, in, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, starch graft copolymer 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-3 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, starch graft copolymer 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 3-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, starch graft copolymer 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Starch graft copolymer is starch knot branch vinyl cyanide, starch knot branch vinylformic acid or acrylate, starch knot branch acrylic acid amides, any one in starch knot branch acrylate, gather after the water suction of described starch knot graft copolymer expand agglomerating.

Pulvis prepared by the extract that the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, the root of langdu are spent, is specially:

The rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5: 3: 3: 2: 3, add after being soaked in water in container, organic solvent extraction is adopted to extract 3 times, No. 3 extracting solutions merging carry out boiling together afterwards, decoct and add starch after thick, after drying, after uv irradiating sterilization, namely obtain pulvis.

Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention again discloses a kind of preparation method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operates in accordance with the following steps:

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

The diameter of the particle of described Controlled Release Fertilizer is 5mm-30mm.

Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operates as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, and the potato special fertilizer of preferred 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away.

Note: coating material and coating method are prior art, without innovation on this aspect, crucial innovation is, by each group of effective constituent dressing respectively, to accomplish controlled release,

Example 1

According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, in, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, starch graft copolymer 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Preparation method, wherein, operates in accordance with the following steps:

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

The diameter of the particle of potato special fertilizer is 30mm.

Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operate as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, by the potato special fertilizer of 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away, uses 3 fertilizer around seed distribution triangular in shape.

Above-mentioned example executes kind of a plot, Jiangzhou, 100 mu, per mu yield 3260 kilograms.(using this plot average yield per mu of common fertilizer 2240 kilograms),

Example 2

According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-3 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, starch graft copolymer 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

Preparation method, wherein, operates in accordance with the following steps:

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

The diameter of the particle of potato special fertilizer is 30mm.

Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operate as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, by the potato special fertilizer of 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away, uses 4 fertilizer to be tetragon distribution around seed.

Above-mentioned example executes kind of a Jimo plot, 100 mu, per mu yield 3670 kilograms.(using this plot average yield per mu of common fertilizer 2450 kilograms),

Example 3

According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 3-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, starch graft copolymer 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

The diameter of the particle of potato special fertilizer is 30mm.

Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato special fertilizer, wherein, operate as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, by the potato special fertilizer of 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away, uses 4 fertilizer to be tetragon distribution around seed.

Above-mentioned example executes kind of a plot, Qingzhou, 100 mu, per mu yield 3420 kilograms.(using this plot average yield per mu of common fertilizer 2360 kilograms),

Data compare: the test of the disease-resistant sterilization effect of pulvis prepared by the extract that the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, the root of langdu are spent.(being suppress grade with star)

With for mycotic experiment

Get 3 parts of each 50g of pulvis, be respectively charged into 500ml small beaker, add the organic solvent methyl alcohol of pulvis 5 times of weight.Chloroform, sherwood oil.Soak 3 days under room temperature, filtering and concentrating, to paste, takes a certain amount of extract and adds tween 80 and make emulsifying agent, 4 degrees Celsius of preservations,

Adopt growth rate method, the vigorous bacterial classification of 6mm colony edge is got with punch tool, the PDA flat board being placed on dosing is cultivated, the sterilized water adding equivalent with substratum contrasts, each repetition 3 times, is placed in 25 degrees Celsius of cultivations, surveys each colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, represent the diameter of bacterium colony with mean value, obtain growth rate=(contrast colony diameter-process colony diameter)/(contrast colony diameter-0.6) × 100% of Antifungi/bacterium.(fungus culture)

The extract of 3 kinds of organic solvents is made the PEA substratum that final concentration is the extracting solution of 1mg/ml, get pre-configured spore suspension 10ul, be inoculated into the culture dish central authorities that diameter is 9cm, logical spreader is smeared evenly, cultivate 48 hours in 25 degrees Celsius of incubators, observe spore germination quantity, often 5 repetitions are established in process, average, calculate germination rate and the inhibiting rate of spore.

Spore germination rate %=has sprouted spore count/microscopy spore sum × 100%

Inhibiting rate %=(contrast germination rate-process germination rate)/contrast germination rate × 100%

For the experiment of fungi, colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), as following table

Be that (4mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml, test different concns extract, to the growth-inhibiting effect of pathogenic bacteria mycelia, finds that the extract of 2mg/ml is better to Mycophyta inhibiting rate to 5 concentration by extract dilution.

The inhibiting rate experiment of directed toward bacteria: colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), as following table

Killing test for insect: select 300 nematodes and 300 cutworms, carry out killing experiment, every 100 is one group, sprays respectively with the extract solution of 4mg/ml, observes as follows:

The controlled release principle of the application: after fertiliser granulates fertilising, carries out water spray pouring, after outside coating material water suction, moisture is first absorbed by plant ash and starch graft copolymer, volumetric expansion after starch graft copolymer water suction, is expanded to the 2-5 of own vol doubly, so, by coating material spreading, hole in coating material expands, and finally, outermost coating material rises brokenly, plant ash sheds, and plant ash rushes down around potato tuber seed.Play insulation effect, the sterilization in early stage, pest-resistant, the effect of hestening rooting; The about 4-10 days of this process.Starch graft copolymer can be decomposed.

Then, the coating material of basic granules continues water suction, and the duct in coating material expands gradually, base manure slowly-releasing, and coating material, along with the rising gradually of the temperature in vegetative period, expands burst size gradually, and the base manure of film-forming agents wrapped multiple extends the effect of slowly-releasing.Whole base manure maintains 70-80 days.

Finally, put knot potato after date, pulvis release prepared by the extract that the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, the root of langdu are spent, micro-fertilizer release, avoid stem tuber insect pest, bacterium, fungi infestation in the knot potato phase, provide trace element to stem tuber, increase is expanded, and avoids be full of cracks, improves output.

In the knot potato phase, the composition containing amino acid or Methionin does not have substantially, and alkaloidal generation starts with amino acid, and after causing knot potato, in it, alkaloid significantly reduces.

The function of the plant ash of the application: 1, promote seed germination, can improve soil temperature, keep loose aeration status, impel advance germination of seeds, and the seedling grown is neat, healthy and strong, seedling rate is high.2. hestening rooting.In plant transplantation, coordinate fertilizer to make base fertilizer with plant ash, or mix the plant ash of 5%-20% when preparing Nutrition Soil, not only can increase the available nutrient of base fertilizer and Nutrition Soil, promote root growth, alleviate the effect of disease and pest in addition.3. prevent fallen leaves.Plant ash is done to supplement nutriment, can improve blade vitality, prevent early leaf fall, strengthens photosynthesis, and promotion is spent, fruit is attractive in appearance gorgeous.4. oil recovery enhancement, plant ash is except containing the macronutrient such as potassium, calcium, and also containing the various trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and having quick-acting, is a kind of high-quality potash fertilizer.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, at foliage-spray 50%-80% plant ash leach liquor, can be impelled branches and leaves dark green, strengthen photosynthesis, and minimizing flowers and fruits come off, and promotion is spent, fruit is painted gorgeous, prolong watch period, improves fruit quality.5. suppress disease and pest.Plant ash 30-50 kilogram is spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of nursery, and can kill the sick worm in underground and germ, protection seed, root, stem, reduce disease and pest, prevent the generation of damping-off, anthrax.Plant ash is used in orchard, can control the generation of Powdery Mildew, fruit rust, and the effect that plant ash 2.5-5 kilogram is prevented and treated root rot is in addition executed in every strain.Spray 2%-3% plant ash leach liquor, the insect such as aphid, red spider on flower, fruit can be prevented and treated, improve the anti-effect of medicine of pear sucker.6. improve drought resistance.The nonirrigated farmland not good enough to irrigation conditions, the plant ash leach liquor of continuous spraying 2-3 5%-6%, can improve drought resistance.Because containing a large amount of potassium ions in plant ash, the intensity of leaf transpiration water effectively can be weakened, strengthen drought resisting, high-temperature resistance, also can promote the running of carbohydrate, improve disease-resistant, the insect resistance capacity of tree body.It should be noted that plant ash can not with organic farm manure (human excrement, barnyard manure, heap are made compost), to mix with ammonium fertilizer and use, in order to avoid cause nitrogen volatilization loss; Plant ash is applicable to various crop, is particularly useful for happiness potassium or happiness potassium fear-chlorion crop, as potato, sweet potato, tobacco, grape, Sunflower Receptacle, beet etc.Plant ash is used for potato, can not only be used for soil application, can also be used for being stained with being coated with potato block wound, like this, both can work as seed manure, can prevent again wound infection from rotting.

Be infected with plant ash after potato seed stripping and slicing as experimental group, directly plant potato seed as a control group, comparison disease infection situation: (each plantation 1000 strains, compare)

Group	Rotten kind	Spindle tuber	Output	Subterranean pest-insect incidence
					Experimental group	36	19	3100 kilograms	9.7％
Control group	185	232	2400 kilograms	19.8％

The effect of auxiliary film-forming agents of the present invention:

Potassium fulvate: the food chain that scientific combination is new, overall balance plant demand.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium not pure molecular compound, but a kind of macromolecular structure of inhomogenous plyability and the extremely complicated mixture of composition.This product except high-content xanthohumic acid except, also being rich in almost whole amino acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, multiple enzyme, carbohydrate (oligose, fructose etc.) protein, nucleic acid, humic acid and the nutritions such as VC, VE and a large amount of vitamin B group required in growing process, is a kind of bio-bacterial manure of green.There is the short long factor of the unknown of high biological activity function.By facts have proved, biochemical fulvic acid potassium kernel contains the unknown with high biological activity not yet verified urgees the long factor.Stricti jurise is said biochemical fulvic acid potassium not containing hormonal substance, but show the growth hormone with chemosynthesis in use procedure, the effect that the various plants hormones such as cell divide element, dormin are similar and comprehensive regulating effect is played to growing of plant.Therefore manyly do foliage fertilizer, the producer of punching fertilising adopts this product to replace or part replaces Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, multiple SODIUMNITRATE, the synthetic hormones such as multiple-effect short.Complex ability is strong, improves absorption and the running of micro elements by plants.The dissolubility of trace element to enzyme multiple in plant growth and body, and degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases, improving seed output and quality has material impact.But trace element travelling performance in plant materials is very poor, recycling ability extremely low being very easily cured by the soil and losing activity.Particularly very easily cause loss of activity each other with the available phosphorus generation chemical action in soil, cause and end in defeat for both sidesboth suffer losses.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium is higher due to total amino acid and carboxyl, hydroxyl isoreactivity group content, has oxygen-containing functional group again, structure exists many organic chelating positions and complexing position.Complexing or chelating reaction can be there is in these coordinating groups with many trace elements such as such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc, boron of indissoluble, also can rise on his site with phosphorus element generation complex reaction simultaneously, thus formed with biochemical fulvic acid molecule as intermediary's carrier, coordinate simultaneously, promote that root system of plant or blade face are to micro-and phosphorus absorption in vivo, running, not only avoid trace element and cause passivation inactivation each other with the direct contact of phosphorus, and serve positive poising action, thus the utilization ratio both improving.Deflocculate, tool cushion, and solubility property is good, strong with metal ion interaction ability.This product flocculation limit value > 32meq/g, its deflocculate ability apparently higher than humic acid and like product, (good stability, without the need to antioxidant stabilizer).Dissolve in any acid-basicity water of PH1-14, flocculate in high contents of calcium and magnesium hard water saturated brine and do not precipitate, and good stability, potential resistance to electrolyte contamination ability is strong.The buffering that various groups contained by this product support are formed is right, can effective antiacid alkali.And pH value is without considerable change, buffer capacity is large, and meanwhile, this product water soluble characteristic is good, and with metal ion exchanged, complex ability is strong.These characteristic properties all constitute this product in agricultural application, the advantage that medicine fertilizer is produced, for medicine fertilizer is compatible, medicine fertile composite, expenses for medicine is used in combination creates condition; Also be the cross development of the fertile industry of medicine, changing the past controls for controlling, and for support and the single way of supporting has been walked out one and controlled and support unification, integrates the medicine fertilizer industrial development new approaches controlling foster function.This product improves prevention effect mainly as pesticide synergistic agent, namely by strengthening the growing way of plant self and resistance against diseases and the change to plant cell membrane permeation and the slowly-releasing to agricultural chemicals and synergy etc. by way of the function of preventing and treating shown plant pest, agricultural chemicals can not be substituted, so this product normally with derosal, thiophanate methyl, gram black star, Tuzet, auspicious malicious copper, Sandofan, ethrel, the composite use of the medicines such as sweetener, effect a radical cure wheat scab, fruit tree yellowtop, canker of apple fruit, ring spot, mottle defoliation, cucumber downy mildew, sweet potato black rot, leaf spot of peanut, cotton spoting verticillium wilt etc., this product prevents the mechanism of Plant diseases from having be enhance plant strain internal oxidition enzymic activity and other Metabolic activity at three: one.Two is promote plant root growth and improve root system movable, is conducive to the absorption of plant to moisture and nutritive element, and improves chlorophyll content, strengthen photosynthesis, to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant.Three is use with agriculture chemical compounding, can play restraining effect, be conducive to the slowly-releasing of agricultural chemicals, synergy to pathogenic bacteria spore germination and bacterium colony expansion.There is the remarkable function of cold-resistant drought resisting.The cold-resistant mechanism of biochemical fulvic acid potassium drought resisting is: one is the activity of stimulating plant body endoenzyme, regulated by it, the cell in catalysis plant materials accelerates the absorption to moisture and nutrient, and reduces leaf water potential, strengthen the Metabolic activities such as osmotic pressure, in triumph, adapt to the cold living environment of drought to stimulate plant.Two is the accumulation suppressing K in guard cell, and plant is met when drought is trembled with fear can improve water retention capacity voluntarily, closes Stoma of Leaves or reduces opening degree, reducing moisture transpiration.Lot of experimental data proves: biochemical fulvic acid potassium significantly can increase Stoma of Leaves diffusional resistance 1.5 times, reduces leaf transpiration intensity more than one times simultaneously.After spraying, drought resisting cold resistant effect can maintain about 20 days.Two is improve soil moisture content, strengthens root system movable.Spray rear leaf transpiration to reduce, soil moisture content significantly improves, and the water content of the different soil degree of depth can increase by 7% ~ 35%, and soil moisture 10 ~ 20 days internal consumptions after spraying then reduce by 8%.Simultaneously well developed root system, new root increases by 1/4th, and improving activity of root system improves 30%, is conducive to the absorption of plant to moisture content and nutritive element, and then improves crop yield, improve crop quality.Molecular weight is little is the most basic physicochemical property of biochemical fulvic acid potassium.This product molecular-weight average is 300, high biological activity has permeability to this road barrier of plant cell membrane, by the several functions such as its absorption, conduction, transhipment, bridge formation, slowly-releasing, activation, the moisture content, the nutrient that enable vegetable cell absorb more scripts cannot to obtain, photosynthesis is accumulated simultaneously, the nutritive substance such as carbohydrate, protein, sugared part of synthesis, to the conveying of fruit position, with oil recovery enhancement, improves output.

This auxiliary film coalescence aid is the theme with potassium fulvate, and use lignin to strengthen cross-linking effect, lignin increases film-forming properties and water-retentivity as linking agent, uses treated starch to increase film-formation result.3-5 minute film forming after auxiliary film coalescence aid spray, thickness about 0.5mm, stretch-proof, about 15-20 days is degraded into fertilizer.

After being sprayed by film-forming agents on base manure, be buried in the earth about 5cm, 7-10d waters once, observes the decomposition situation of film

The micro-fertile part of the application:

Chinese violet is mainly used in providing various trace elements, and Chinese violet contains 23 kinds of trace elements such as copper ferrimanganic zinc.Chinese violet and liquorice liquid are prepared extract by the application, and mensuration Zn content is 385ug/g, and this mixed micro-fertilizer is rich in the element such as boron, zinc, effectively solve the specific demand to boron, zinc in potato growth process.

1 materials and methods

1.1 instrument AA7001 type atomic absorption spectrophotometers and microprocessor (Beijing thing electronic technology institute); WHG-102A2 type generator for mobile injection of hydride and electrothermal quartz tube (making institute when Beijing is vast); Copper, iron, zinc, selenium hollow-cathode discharge lamp; Analytical balance; Hot plate.

1.2 reagent C u Standard Applying Solutions (100 μ g/mL), Fe Standard Applying Solution (100 μ g/mL), Zn Standard Applying Solution (100 μ g/mL), Se Standard Applying Solution (250ng/mL); 10% hydrochloric acid; 3% hydrochloric acid; 3% nitric acid; Mixing acid (nitric acid: perchloric acid=4: 1); 0.5% POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE; It is pure that all reagent is top grade, and purchased from development area, Jinzhong City Zhong Zi Chemical Engineering Technology company limited, water is deionized water.

1.3 measure thing: Chinese violet.

1.4 method

1.4.1 sample preparation by clean dry after sample be placed in porcelain mortar and grind to form fine powder to be placed in moisture eliminator for subsequent use; The sample 0.10g through pre-treatment is accurately taken, for copper, iron, Direct spectrophotometry with analytical balance;

0.20g is used for the mensuration of selenium.Add 3mL mixing acid and be placed in 0.10g sample bottle, put on hot plate and digest completely, and then be settled to 10mL with 3% nitric acid; Add 5.0mL mixing acid and be placed in 0.20g sample bottle, put on hot plate and digest completely, and then be settled to 10mL with 10% hydrochloric acid.

1.4.2 the preparation of standardized solution accurately measures 8 volume ranks of copper, iron, zinc Standard Applying Solution, adds 3% nitric acid respectively and is diluted to desired concn; Separately get selenium Standard Applying Solution 6 volume ranks, add 3% hydrochloric acid to desired concn, reference liquid series concentration is in table 1.

The each reference liquid series concentration of table 1 (μ g/mL)

1.4.3 measuring method adopts atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure the content of copper, iron, zinc; Adopt the content of Fi-hg-aas Determination selenium.Condition determination is in table 2.

Table 2 determination of trace elements condition

4 kinds of micro-content in 2 result results, Chinese violet ( μ g/g)

Cu	Fe	Zn	Se
				89.50	3073.00	289.00	73.00

Boron is as one of necessary nutritive element of growth and development of plants, very important in agriculture production.In the necessary trace element of plant, the shortage of boron is the most general, and crop is also very urgent to the demand of boron.Most of crop there will be serious boron deficiency symptom, as " the rotten worry " of beet, and " colored and unreal " disease of cotton, " flower bud and do not spend " disease of rape etc.Also have nearly 500,000,000 mu of slight boron deficiencies of arable soil in addition.Though long-term cropping not too can produce obvious boron deficiency symptom on these are ploughed, the yield and quality of crop can be had a strong impact on.Visible China arable land more than 70% all boron deficiencies, and the fruit tree of China is all planted on more barren mountain region, the shortage of boron is even more serious.China's fruit tree boron deficiency is very general, especially the grape of the oranges and tangerines of south China, banana, lichee, east China, apple etc.Fruit and vegetable, block root (stem) and peanut and other crops boron deficiency exist everywhere.Potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, and boron is conducive to potato block and expands, and prevents be full of cracks, has special role to raising plant net accumulation ratio.

In the knot potato phase, each select 1000 strain potatos, micro-fertilizer of the application is used to root and use the borax of 0.1-0.3%, solution of zinc sulfate sprays blade face and contrasts,

Group	Potato block maximum weight	Be full of cracks	Output
				The micro-fertilizer of the application	0.85kg	Nothing	3400kg
Within 3 days, zinc sulfate is sprayed again after spray borax	0.72kg	Occasionally have	2750kg

About the mensuration (solanine) of alkaloid

Use the application special fertilizer gained potato as experimental group with use common chemical fertilizer gained potato as a control group, compare the mensuration of the alkaloid of two groups:

Get each 50g of potato using the potato of the application's special fertilizer production and traditional fertilizer to produce, add 120ml extracting solution (tetrahydrofuran (THF): water: acetonitrile: acetic acid is by 50: 25: 20: 1 configuration V/V%), smash to pieces in slurry, filter paper filtering, centrifugal 5 minutes of filtrate, get supernatant liquor 100ml, add 2ml glacial acetic acid, ultrasonic oscillation 5 minutes, ammoniacal liquor regulates PH10.5, boiling water is concentrated into dry, with a small amount of ammonia scrubbing residue twice after cooling, centrifugal rear abandoning supernatant, residue water bath method, with 3ml, the phosphoric acid of mass ratio 7% dissolves, centrifugal 5 minutes again, clear liquid is for mensuration TGA,

Solanine colour developing is in 15-50 minute, and 600nm wavelength place absorbance is basicly stable, and select 600nm as mensuration wavelength, under room temperature, solanine and polyoxymethylene phosphoric acid developer react 30 minutes, after ultrasonication,

Group	Alkaloid (solanine)
		Experimental group	0.15 milligram/gram
Control group	0.23 milligram/gram

Saving labor cost, traditional fertilizer needs fertilising at least 3 times, and the special fertilizer of the application only need accompany kind of a sowing to operate, and greatly saves labor cost.Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, and easy to use, curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and potato alkaloid can be made effectively to reduce.Be specially:

The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer adopting polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer usually, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with water molecules form, so free in and out in film except water molecule energy, fertiliser granulates completely and external environment, and got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film by nutrient.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of water molecules, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore sets), only relevant with moisture movement speed, and the movement velocity of water molecules depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizer such as microorganism, pH value of soil is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, early stage causes nutrient excess soon owing to discharging, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has about 35%, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually to be taken the later stage the nutrient saving do not used in early stage and is supplied to plant, decreases leaching loss, the decomposition of microorganism and soil fixing simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly engross to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention uses, and the highest fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient of release, and release speed depends on temperature, and the release of day temperature height is fast, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.

The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, the release in early stage of usual this fertilizer is very slow, later stage release is accelerated, realize S release and have two kinds of modes, a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release curve of plant-growth, and during plant seedling stage in early stage, few to nutrient demand, along with the quickening of growth, accelerate the demand of nutrient, therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve thereupon.

Have a surplus for one times that invention increases utilization rate of fertilizer, loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 30%-50%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer sold in the market is essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off the risk of fertilizer.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of potato raw long season (knot potato), make fertilizer nutrient releasing rule absorb consistent with crop nutrition content, single fertilization meets the demand of the whole Growing season of potato.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower), in knot potato phase onset, gives the potato supplement trace nutrition of knot potato phase while Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, comparatively common fertilizer volume increase 30-48%, in addition through analysis data, finds the alkaloid more conventional reduction 30-42% of potato.

Claims (8)

1. a Controlled Release Fertilizer, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, starch graft copolymer 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

2. Controlled Release Fertilizer according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 2-3 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, starch graft copolymer 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

3. Controlled Release Fertilizer according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate is according to the base manure 50-75 part obtained after 8: 4: 17 mixtures, it is characterized in that, comprise further, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet is according to the micro-fertile 3-4 part obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract that the root of langdu is spent, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, starch graft copolymer 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.

4. according to the arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, starch graft copolymer is starch knot branch vinyl cyanide, starch knot branch vinylformic acid or acrylate, starch knot branch acrylic acid amides, any one in starch knot branch acrylate, gather after the water suction of described starch knot graft copolymer expand agglomerating.

5. according to the arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that pulvis prepared by the extract that the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, the root of langdu are spent is specially:

The rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5: 3: 3: 2: 3, add after being soaked in water in container, organic solvent extraction is adopted to extract 3 times, No. 3 extracting solutions merging carry out boiling together afterwards, decoct and add starch after thick, after drying, after uv irradiating sterilization, namely obtain pulvis.

6. as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-3, a preparation method for Controlled Release Fertilizer, is characterized in that, operates in accordance with the following steps:

A, the auxiliary film-forming agents of preparation: obtain mixture after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch being mixed according to mass ratio 5: 3: 2, after this mixture is diluted with water to mass percent 15-35%, obtain auxiliary film-forming agents;

B, borax, zinc sulfate, Chinese violet are become fertiliser granulates as fertile core according to the micro-fertile granulation obtained after 1: 1: 1.8 mixture, the auxiliary film-forming agents of steps A gained is sprayed in fertile core outside, again fertile core is rolled across on the pulvis prepared of extract of the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, the wind-weed, the root of Chinese wild ginger, Siberian Cocklour Fruit, root of langdu flower, again at the auxiliary film-forming agents of surface sprinkling steps A gained after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;

C, auxiliary film-forming agents is sprayed on step B gains limit again after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time, when the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is the 2-3 times of fertile core radius only, spray coating material in base manure outside and be prepared into basic granules;

D, plant ash is crossed 80-100 mesh sieve after fully mix rear for subsequent use with starch graft copolymer;

E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A auxiliary film-forming agents after, make auxiliary film-forming agents as caking agent, spray for one time to glue for one time and roll step D gained mixture, repeatable operation 2-3 time, stop when making the thickness of step D gained mixture be the 1-2 times of fertile core radius, spray coating material in the outside of step D gained mixture and form potato special fertilizer.

7. the preparation method of Controlled Release Fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the diameter of the particle of described Controlled Release Fertilizer is 5mm-30mm.

8. a using method for Controlled Release Fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, operates as follows: companion's kind of fertilising during sowing, and the potato special fertilizer of preferred 30mm size, during fertilising, distance seed 3-5cm is far away.