CN104221807A - Grape cultivating method for reducing density, improving quality and promoting early maturing through single connected tent - Google Patents
Grape cultivating method for reducing density, improving quality and promoting early maturing through single connected tent Download PDFInfo
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grape cultivating method for reducing density, improving quality and promoting early maturing through a single connected tent. The method comprises the construction and use of the single connected tent, frame changing and shaping, production reduction and quality improvement, standardized prevention of diseases and insect pests, improvement of soil fertility and improvement, reinforcement of small field ecological cycle by intercropping, integration of water and fertilizer, and digitization of filed groups; by adopting the method provided by the invention, grapes are planted in a dry-hot valley area, high efficiency, cost saving and application can be realized, and rain-shelter cultivation, intercropping, green control, the integration of water and fertilizer, 'three-zone shaping', disaster prevention and reduction, annual double cropping, yield control and quality improvement, soil improvement and planting and breeding can be combined; in addition, the conflict between grains and fields can be solved, the multiple cropping can be improved to improve the earnings; furthermore, the capacity of soil improvement and fertilizer improvement can be realized, the integration of water and fertilizer can be realized, the pesticide application can be reduced, and the quality safety and reliability of the grapes can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture cultivation technology, specifically a kind of grape single width connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature.
Background technology
Existing land for growing field crops grape planting process, main employing high-density planting, can early yield be obtained and obtain rapidly early profit, but the improvement of soil is not enough, treelet early ageing forces plantation family suddenly to be urged with a large amount of chemical fertilizer, thus form vicious circle, soil comes to harm, and the late growing stage of grape is affected more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect for existing in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of grape single width to connect canopy to fall close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature, carry out single width to connect canopy and fall the integrated application that ealy maturing culture technology is urged in close upgrading simultaneously, universal intercropping solves grain, through striving the contradiction on ground, improving multiple cropping additional income, also achieving soil melioration, the ability of fostering and apply fertilizer, realize water-fertilizer integral, reduce Pesticide use, realize grape quality safe and reliable.
The present invention is achieved like this:
. a kind of grape single width connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature, comprises the steps:
(1), single width connects construction and the use of canopy
1. deployment all around aligns and upright column, and the column on limit, two ends is played Peng line and reinforced;
2. tie up crossbeam at the top of column, the column at two ends is also provided with and shores;
3. Small plastic shed and surrounding edge: having led 2 one metal wires along grape moisture in the soil limit on crossbeam is surrounding edge, and with 40-60 centimetre of spacing, arch bone is made with some wires, vertical arch is become with sideline, arch width becomes consistent, wire interfixes with canoe, beats the column of 2-3 rice spacing in surrounding edge surrounding again, above respectively below fixes 1 crossbeam;
4. in canopy surrounding, open width film is installed, at the surrounding fluting on the ground of canopy, the lower foot section of open width film is put into groove soil pressure real, on wire arch bone, little arch film is installed, open width film and little arch film is tightly obtained single width with continuous cableties and connects canopy;
The use that single width connects canopy divides 2 stages,
First stage: in the December of last year and the January of next year, with little arch film and open width film, after entering the 2-3 month, according to temperature improvements situation, when morning the minimum air temperature be increased to more than 10 degrees Celsius and progressively remove film, progressively throw off from open width film to little arch film;
Second stage: after entering rainy season, covers little arch film;
(2), change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt large " Y " posture, mobile jib height is promoted and causes 1.0-1.4 rice, two-arm becomes 100--120 degree angle to launch, and strain number is every mu of 300-400 strain, and line-spacing is 2.5-3 rice, completes the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip;
(3), damage by disease and insect standardization control
Every 30-50 mu arranges a trapping lamp, every mu of Huang, each 30 of backboard, and every mu of a set of gyplure, in critical period optionally chemical control;
(4), improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu executes farmyard manure 3-5 ton or refined organic fertilizer 1-2 ton, turns over, and carries out zero tillage;
(5), the ecological partial circulating in field is strengthened in intercropping
Utilize vacant lot in the ranks to carry out grain, through interplant, mainly plant one or more vegetables of pea, broad bean, soybean, eggplant or tomato, each null plants two row, and the tangerine bar after simultaneously utilizing the vegetables of interplant to gather carries out also field and fosters and apply fertilizer;
(6), water-fertilizer integral uses
Adopt based on fertile every mu 80-100 kilogram of controllable released type composite fertilizer banyan maple BB, portly prestige series 30-50 kilogram of water-soluble is topdressed, again in the fall once, the beginning of spring sprout after bloom before 2-3 time, Xie Huahou once carries out foliage-spray 21% Boratex 1500 liquid, then dividing a fringe phase, thank spend after spray sugar alcohol zinc 1000 times of liquid for twice; Xie Huahou is to stone phase 4 foliage-spray sugar alcohol calcium fertiliser containing magnesiums 1500 times of liquid;
(7), the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output determined is 2.5-3 ton, determines field branch amount 2500-3000 branch, and single is stayed leaf 40-60 leaf, one fringe, number of grain per ear is determined according to different kinds, three main kinds: the red earth or summer black 80-100 grain, gram gloomy 100-120 grain of end.
The described crossbeam of step (1) adopts square tube.
Zero tillage described in step (4) be clover, clover, Hairy vetch or sword tongue pea one or more, the poultry of supporting field, sheep raising or foster duck, every mu of cultivation sheep 3 or chicken/duck 10.
Connect canopy with grape single width of the present invention to fall close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature and carry out wine-growing in Dry-hot Valley Area, efficient abridged edition, to be suitable for, rain shelter cultivation, intercropping, green rows control, liquid manure one, " three band shaping ", prevent and reduce natural disasters, yield two crops a year, control produce upgrading, soil melioration, breeding combine.Grain can be solved, through striving the contradiction on ground, improve multiple cropping additional income, also achieve soil melioration, the ability of fostering and apply fertilizer, realizes water-fertilizer integral, reduce Pesticide use, realize grape quality safe and reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that single width of the present invention connects booth structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is large " Y " rack and panel construction schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-2 and specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
1, single width connects construction and the use of canopy
(1) the transformation in existing vineyard
One is the original cement post in field of adjustment and reinforcing, cement post mainly alignment all around upright, and the column on limit, two ends will play Peng line; Two is tie up crossbeam at the top of cement post, and crossbeam preferably adopts square tube, is convenient to fixing film-pressing tank, and the column at two ends also will add and shore, crossbeam is smooth-going, shore want straight, will surely, highly consistent; Three is Small plastic shed and surrounding edge, the steel wire that crossbeam has led 2 2.74 along grape moisture in the soil limit is sideline, with 3.2-3.8 steel wire be do arch bone, with 40-60 centimetre of spacing, become vertical arch with sideline, arch width will become consistent, and steel wire interfixes to be wound around, surrounding edge beats the column of 2-3 rice spacing in surrounding, above respectively below fixes 1 square tube and makes crossbeam; Four is the compactings of surrounding film-pressing tank, little arch film and open width film tight with continuous cableties.
(2) the construction in planting vineyard
Location, garden is selected: newly-built garden will be investigated water condition: use free of contamination storehouse Tang Shui, motor-pumped well water, mountain spring water to make irrigation water, soil regime: select pollution-free, the soil of pH value 6.5-8.2, more than plow layer 60cm, subterranean water level below 2m, preferred fine texture, loose fertile, the soil of the content of organic matter more than 1.5%, preferably can reach more than 3%, and wine-growing ground soil will good water source convenience.
Field is planned: according to scale planning and designing farm machinery road, irrigation canals and ditches, the pond of garden, guard between room, storing, the facility such as make-up room.The preferred wire netting of fences.
Field planting standard:
Field planting specification: row, spacing in the rows: 2.5-3.0m × 0.5-1.0m.
Improvement of soil fertility: the landform according to vineyard arranges, the field planting groove of wide 80cm × dark 60cm is excavated by field planting specification, the table soil of field planting groove bottom backfill 30cm or trees branch, stalk, apply fertilizer above, barnyard manure 5t peat composed of rotten mosses 10t agricultural crop straw 3-5t, immature soil backfill is in the superiors, and moisture in the soil type appropriateness is swelled.
Posture and plastics design, adopt " three bands " plastics design: posture adopts large " Y " frame.Such as: as column height 2.4m, bury 50cm, frame height 1.8m.Can design the two iron wire of 1.2m height 30cm crosspiece to arrange, the two iron wire of 1.4m height 80cm crosspiece is arranged, 1.7-1.8m height Sinarundinaria longiuscula or steel pipe link up column, hang iron wire work a 3rd stand line at 1.1m place, column both sides from crossbeam.Dry high 1.2m, " V " type wide 2.2-2.6m suitable for reading, ventilation strip 0-1.2m, band 1.2-1.5m of bearing fruit, produces band 1.5-1.8m.
Pruning and frame surface model: treelet fixed pole " one " font or " H " shape are located: healthy and strong treelet 1.2m At The Height pinching, stay two parallelly to tie up branch, 7 leaf pinching, cultivate 4 sublateral shoots, sublateral shoot stays 4 leaf pinching; Will pinching repeatedly when treelet is weak, highly cultivate two major branches and 4 sublateral shoots at 1.2m equally.First Year major branch becomes " one " shape, within 2 years, progressively becomes " H " shape later.The fixing 1.2m of trunk height.The transformation of old garden after interlacing is dug out, highly determine trunk with 1.2m equally, produce with the bud between 1.2-1.5m, parallel for top 30cm, branch is distributed on two iron wires.
Winter cuts combination of long drives and drop shots, and reserved bud amount is 3 times of design spike number: two female branches nearest apart from trunk when the winter cuts stay 5-7 bud to prune, and all the other female branch 2-3 buds are pruned, and mu stays bud amount 7000-8000 bud, selects 2500-3000 female branch of bearing fruit.
The use that single width connects canopy divides 2 stages, first can temperature raising and cold-proof when being low temperature, in the December of last year and the January of next year, or when morning, 8 temperature were lower than 10 DEG C, adopt little arch film and open width film, after entering the 2-3 month, get warm again after a cold spell according to each ground temperature, when morning 8 temperature reach after 10 DEG C, progressively throw off from open width film to little arch film; Second is enter rainy season, start from mid-June or first time saturating rain after only adopt little arch width part, for diseases prevention and the anti-hail of taking shelter from rain.
2, change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt large " Y " posture, mobile jib height is promoted and causes 1.0-1.4 rice, two-arm becomes 100-120 degree angle to launch, strain number causes every mu of 300-400 strain from original every mu 600-800 strain adjustment, line-spacing causes 2.5-3 rice from the expansion of original 1.5-1.8 rice, complete the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip.
3, damage by disease and insect standardization control
Trapping lamp, lew and key period medicament protection are combined, every 30-50 mu trapping lamp, every mu of 30 Huangs, backboards, every mu of a set of gyplure.In critical period optionally chemical control.Concrete grammar is as following table:
4, improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu executes 3-5 ton or 1-2 ton refined organic fertilizer, and actively push forward the also field measure of tangerine bar, green manuring turns over, and carries out with grass gram careless zero tillage, can Planting Medicago sativa, clover, Hairy vetch, sword tongue pea etc.The poultry of supporting field, sheep raising, every mu can cultivate sheep 3 or chicken (non-irrigated duck) 10.Etc. the lifting carrying out soil melioration and soil fertility.
5, intercropping is to strengthen the ecological partial circulating in field
Utilize vacant lot in the ranks enter very grain, through interplant.The vegetables such as main plantation pea, broad bean, soybean, eggplant, tomato, each null plants two row, tangerine bar after simultaneously utilizing the vegetables of interplant to gather carries out also field and fosters and apply fertilizer, utilize field bio-diversity to adjust field ecotope, stretching of damage by disease and insect can not only be reduced, the ecological partial circulating in field can also be improved.
6, water-fertilizer integral uses
On the basis of fertilizer bottoming, adopt controllable released type every mu of 80-100 kilogram as fertile in: banyan maple BB, water-soluble as portly prestige series 30-50 kilogram, blade face type as: in the fall once, the beginning of spring sprout after bloom first 2-3 time, thank and spend rear foliage-spray 21% Boratex 1500 liquid; Point fringe phase, thank spend after spray sugar alcohol zinc 1000 times of liquid for twice; Xie Huahou is to the supporting policy of the Trinity such as stone phase 4 foliage-spray sugar alcohol calcium fertiliser containing magnesiums 1500 times of liquid, and based on Controlled Release Fertilizer, Water soluble fertilizer is for topdressing, and foliage fertilizer carries out blade face and supplements, and fertilely arrives with water, supply constantly, efficiently accurately.
7, the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output 2.0-3.0 ton determined, determines field branch amount 2500-3000 branch, and single is stayed leaf 40-60 leaf, one fringe, number of grain per ear is determined according to different kinds, three main kinds: the red earth, summer black 80-100 grain, gram gloomy 100-120 grain of end.
Embodiment one: ealy maturing culture is urged in Red globe grape standard garden, grand source
Grand source Red globe grape single width connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge ealy maturing culture standard garden and be positioned at Luo Guan villagers' committee dish pasture, Taurus town village school group, Demonstration Garden area 100 mu, adopts single width to connect canopy comprehensively and falls close upgrading and urge ealy maturing culture technology.
1, single width connects construction and the use of canopy
The construction that single width connects canopy is main in four steps: one is the original cement post in field of adjustment and reinforcing, cement post mainly alignment all around upright, and the column on limit, two ends will play Peng line; Two is tie up crossbeam at the top of cement post, and crossbeam preferably adopts square tube, is convenient to fixing film-pressing tank, and the column at two ends also will add and shore, crossbeam is smooth-going, shore want straight, will surely, highly consistent; Three is Small plastic shed and surrounding edge, the steel wire that crossbeam has led 2 2.74 along grape moisture in the soil limit is sideline, with 3.2 steel wires be do arch bone, with 40 centimetres of spacing, become vertical arch with sideline, arch width will become consistent, and steel wire interfixes to be wound around, surrounding edge makes a call to the column of 3 meters of spacing in surrounding, above respectively below fixes 1 square tube and makes crossbeam; Four is the compactings of surrounding film-pressing tank, little arch film and open width film tight with continuous cableties.
Model field single width connects the use of canopy for the first stage, mainly can temperature raising and cold-proof during low temperature, and canopy on December 20th, 2013 overlay film, keep temperature of shed the 1-2 month within 32 degree, after entering March, remove film when the minimum air temperature reaches 10 degree in the morning.16-18 day in December, 2013 is broken sleeps, in late May, 2014 maturation.
2, change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt large " Y " posture, mobile jib height is promoted and causes 1.3 meters, two-arm becomes 120 degree of angles to launch, and adopt the seeding row spacing of 3 × 0.6 meters, strain number is every mu of 370 strains, and bar is high 1.3 meters, completes the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip.
3, damage by disease and insect standardization control
Trapping lamp, lew and key period medicament protection are combined, every 30 mu of trapping lamps, every mu of 30 Huangs, backboards, every mu of a set of gyplure.In critical period optionally chemical control, after pruning and the bobbles phase with 3 degree of clear gardens of lime sulfur; 2-3 foliar spray executes 40% Flusilazole 8000 extraordinarily 30% Imidacloprid 3000 times; The phonetic mould amine of 50% guarantor times tmtd, 1500 times of liquid+37% Difenoconazoles, 3000 times of liquid+40 1000 times of liquid are sprayed before blooming; Thank after spending and spray the 50% guarantor times tmtd mad thorn of 1500 times of liquid+50% procymidones, 1000 times of+20% penconazole, 1500 times of liquid+5%, 5000 times of liquid; Young fruit period sprays 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+37% Difenoconazoles, 3000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+70% Imidacloprids, 7500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+66.5% Propamocarbs, 600 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid; 25% Fluoxastrobin, 500 times of+70% Imidacloprid, 7500 times of liquid are sprayed before bagging; Protecting times tmtd 1500 times of liquid with 80% indispensable 600 times of liquid and 50% after bagging to be used alternatingly, adding 3000 times, 50% gold medal Cork when there is downy mildew.
4, improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu uses refined organic fertilizer 2 tons, takes green manuring to carry out turning over putting grass, with grass gram careless zero tillage, selects 50 mu every mu to plant alfalfa 1 kilogram in Demonstration Garden.
5, intercropping is to strengthen the ecological partial circulating in field
Utilize vacant lot in the ranks enter very grain, through interplant, choose 10 mu of ground and plant potato, choose 30 mu and planted sword tongue pea.Tangerine bar after potato receipts carries out also field and fosters and apply fertilizer, and sword tongue pea directly turned at the florescence.
6, water-fertilizer integral uses
On the basis of fertilizer bottoming, adopt the fertile mu of banyan maple controlled release BB to execute 50 kilograms and make base fertilizer, adopt Green Kai Er series formula Water soluble fertilizer every mu 2-4 kilogram within 7-10 days, once to carry out dripping and execute, blade face type adopts sugar alcohol zinc, boron, calcium, magnesium to spray for 2-4 time, reaches the Trinity and supports the use, based on Controlled Release Fertilizer, Water soluble fertilizer is for topdressing, and foliage fertilizer carries out blade face and supplements, and fertilizer arrives with water, supply constantly, efficient accurate policy realizes completely.
7, the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output 2.5 tons that model field is determined, field branch amount 2500, spacing 17 centimetres, single is stayed leaf 60 leaf, a fringe, every fringe grain 100.
Embodiment two: the ripe cultivation of Taurus town, Binchuan County Luo Guan villagers' committee Bai Yunguo summer black grape two
Luo Guan villagers' committee Bai Yunguo summer black vineyard, Taurus town, Binchuan County is positioned at group of Luo Guan village first of Luo Guan villagers' committee, Taurus town, and summer black grape single width connects canopy and falls the ripe area under cultivation of close upgrading two 10 mu, adopts single width to connect canopy comprehensively and falls close upgrading and urge ealy maturing culture technology.
1, single width connects construction and the use of canopy
The construction that single width connects canopy is main in four steps: one is the original cement post in field of adjustment and reinforcing, cement post mainly alignment all around upright, and the column on limit, two ends will play Peng line; Two is tie up crossbeam at the top of cement post, and crossbeam preferably adopts square tube, is convenient to fixing film-pressing tank, and the column at two ends also will add and shore, crossbeam is smooth-going, shore want straight, will surely, highly consistent; Three is Small plastic shed and surrounding edge, the steel wire that crossbeam has led 2 2.74 along grape moisture in the soil limit is sideline, with 3.2 steel wires be do arch bone, with 40 centimetres of spacing, become vertical arch with sideline, arch width will become consistent, and steel wire interfixes to be wound around, surrounding edge makes a call to the column of 3 meters of spacing in surrounding, above respectively below fixes 1 square tube and makes crossbeam; Four is the compactings of surrounding film-pressing tank, little arch film and open width film tight with continuous cableties.
In the ripe cultivation of summer black grape two, single width connects the use of canopy for the first stage, mainly can temperature raising and cold-proof during low temperature, canopy on November 25th, 2012 overlay film, within 2012,12-2013 keeps temperature of shed at 28-30 degree February, after entering March, remove film when the minimum air temperature reaches 10 degree in the morning.26-28 day in November, 2012 is broken sleeps, in late April, 2013 maturation.Utilize single width to connect the little arch membrane portions at top in canopy and carry out second fruit production, late May prunes broken dormancy, film on mid-June secondary, maturation listing in October.
2, change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt large " Y " posture, mobile jib fixed pole height 1.0 meters, two-arm becomes 110 degree of angles to launch, and adopt the seeding row spacing of 2.5 × 0.6 meters, strain number is every mu of 440 strains, completes the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip.
3, damage by disease and insect standardization control
Trapping lamp, lew and key period medicament protection are combined, every 30 mu of trapping lamps, every mu of 30 Huangs, backboards, every mu of a set of gyplure.In critical period optionally chemical control, first batch prune after and the bobbles phase with 3 degree of clear gardens of lime sulfur; 2-3 foliar spray executes 40% Flusilazole 8000 extraordinarily 30% Imidacloprid 3000 times; The phonetic mould amine of 37% Difenoconazole, 3000 times of liquid+40 1000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate 3000 times of liquid are sprayed before blooming; Thank after spending and spray 50% guarantor times tmtd, 1500 times of liquid+50% procymidones, 1000 times of+20% penconazole, 1500 times of liquid; Young fruit period sprays 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+37% Difenoconazoles, 3000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate 1500 times of liquid+fruits and vegetables calcium or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+70% Imidacloprid 7500 times of liquid+fruits and vegetables calcium or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+66.5% Propamocarbs, 600 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate 1500 times of liquid+fruits and vegetables calcium; 25% Fluoxastrobin, 500 times of+30% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid are sprayed before bagging; Protect times tmtd 1500 times of liquid (adding 3000 times, 50% gold medal Cork when there is downy mildew) with 80% indispensable 600 times of liquid and 50% after bagging to be used alternatingly.Second batch prune after and the bobbles phase with 1 degree of clear garden of lime sulfur; 2-3 foliar spray executes 40% Flusilazole 8000 times and 50% gold medal Cork 3000 extraordinarily 30% Imidacloprid 3000 times; The phonetic mould amine of 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+66.5% Propamocarbs, 600 times of liquid+40 1000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate 3000 times of liquid are sprayed before blooming; Thank and after spending, to spray 50% guarantor times tmtd, 1500 times of liquid+first press down clean 2500 times of liquid+50% procymidones 1000 times soon with 52.5%; Young fruit period sprays 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+80% dimethomorphs, 2000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+70% Imidacloprids, 7500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+66.5% Propamocarbs, 600 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid; 25% Fluoxastrobin, 3000 times, 500 times of+50% gold Cork liquid is sprayed before bagging; Protect times tmtd 1500 times of liquid with 80% indispensable 600 times of liquid and 50% after bagging to be used alternatingly.
4, improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu uses refined organic fertilizer 2 tons, applies for twice, take Mulching respectively at May and August, with grass gram careless zero tillage.
5, water-fertilizer integral uses
On the basis of fertilizer bottoming, adopt the fertile mu of banyan maple controlled release BB to execute 40 kilograms and make base fertilizer, adopt Green Kai Er series formula Water soluble fertilizer every mu 2-4 kilogram within 7-10 days, once to carry out dripping and execute, blade face type adopts sugar alcohol zinc, boron, calcium, magnesium to spray for 2-4 time, reaches the Trinity and supports the use, based on Controlled Release Fertilizer, Water soluble fertilizer is for topdressing, and foliage fertilizer carries out blade face and supplements, and fertilizer arrives with water, supply constantly, efficient accurate policy realizes completely.
6, the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output first batch 2.0 tons that vineyard is determined, field branch amount 2500, spacing 20 centimetres, single is stayed leaf 25 leaf, a fringe, every fringe grain 80-100 grain; Second batch 1.5 tons, field branch amount 2000, spacing 24 centimetres, single is stayed leaf 20 leaf, a fringe, every fringe grain 80
Embodiment three: great Ying town, Binchuan County He village Li Yu Red globe grape rain shelter cultivation
Great Ying town, Binchuan County He village Li Yu Red globe grape is positioned at Wei HuiHezhong group of He village, great Ying town, vineyard area 8 mu, adopts single width to connect canopy comprehensively and falls close upgrading and urge rain shelter cultivation complex art in ealy maturing culture technology.
1, single width connects construction and the use of canopy
The construction that single width connects canopy is main in four steps: one is the original cement post in field of adjustment and reinforcing, cement post mainly alignment all around upright, and the column on limit, two ends will play Peng line; Two is tie up crossbeam at the top of cement post, and crossbeam preferably adopts square tube, is convenient to fixing film-pressing tank, and the column at two ends also will add and shore, crossbeam is smooth-going, shore want straight, will surely, highly consistent; Three is Small plastic shed and surrounding edge, the steel wire that crossbeam has led 2 2.74 along grape moisture in the soil limit is sideline, with 3.2 steel wires be do arch bone, with 40 centimetres of spacing, become vertical arch with sideline, arch width will become consistent, and steel wire interfixes to be wound around, surrounding edge makes a call to the column of 3 meters of spacing in surrounding, above respectively below fixes 1 square tube and makes crossbeam; Four is the compactings of surrounding film-pressing tank, little arch film and open width film tight with continuous cableties.
Vineyard adopts single width to connect the link that in canopy On Comprehensive Technique, single width canopy is taken shelter from rain, canopy on June 24th, 2013 overlay film, and only upper single width Small plastic shed, reaches the effect of diseases prevention of taking shelter from rain.Red globe grape passes successfully rainy autumn, in mid-September, 2013 grape maturity listing.
2, change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt interlacing to dig out the seeding row spacing transformation of 3 × 0.6 meters, strain number is every mu of 370 strains, and large " Y " posture of application, fixed pole is high 1.1 meters, completes the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip.
3, damage by disease and insect standardization control
Trapping lamp, lew and key period medicament protection are combined, every 30 mu of trapping lamps, every mu of 30 Huangs, backboards, every mu of a set of gyplure.In critical period optionally chemical control, after pruning and the bobbles phase with 3 degree of clear gardens of lime sulfur; 2-3 foliar spray executes 40% Flusilazole 8000 extraordinarily 30% Imidacloprid 3000 times; The phonetic mould amine of 50% guarantor times tmtd, 1500 times of liquid+37% Difenoconazoles, 3000 times of liquid+40 1000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate 3000 times of liquid are sprayed before blooming; Thank after spending and spray the 50% guarantor times tmtd mad thorn of 1500 times of liquid+50% procymidones, 1000 times of+20% penconazole, 1500 times of liquid+5%, 5000 times of liquid; Young fruit period sprays 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+37% Difenoconazoles, 3000 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+70% Imidacloprids, 7500 times of liquid or 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid+66.5% Propamocarbs, 600 times of liquid+5% emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of liquid; The mad thorn of 25% Fluoxastrobin 500 times+5% 5000 times of liquid+50% procymidones 1500 times of liquid are sprayed before bagging; Protect times tmtd 1500 times of liquid with 80% indispensable 600 times of liquid and 50% after bagging to be used alternatingly.
4, improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu applications of farmyard manure 5 tons carries out soil melioration.
5, water-fertilizer integral uses
On the basis of fertilizer bottoming, adopt the fertile mu of banyan maple controlled release BB to execute 50 kilograms and make base fertilizer, adopt Beijing new standing grain rich series formula Water soluble fertilizer every mu 2-4 kilogram within 7-10 days, once to carry out dripping and execute, blade face type adopts sugar alcohol zinc, boron, calcium, magnesium to spray for 2-4 time, reaches the Trinity and supports the use, based on Controlled Release Fertilizer, Water soluble fertilizer is for topdressing, and foliage fertilizer carries out blade face and supplements, and fertilizer arrives with water, supply constantly, efficient accurate policy realizes completely.
6, the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output 2.5 tons that grape field is determined, field branch amount 2500, spacing 17 centimetres, single is stayed leaf 60 leaf, a fringe, every fringe grain 100.
Connect canopy with grape single width of the present invention to fall close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature and carry out wine-growing in Dry-hot Valley Area, efficient abridged edition, to be suitable for, rain shelter cultivation, intercropping, green rows control, liquid manure one, " three band shaping ", prevent and reduce natural disasters, yield two crops a year, control produce upgrading, soil melioration, breeding combine.Grain can be solved, through striving the contradiction on ground, improve multiple cropping additional income, also achieve soil melioration, the ability of fostering and apply fertilizer, realizes water-fertilizer integral, reduce Pesticide use, realize grape quality safe and reliable.
Claims (3)
1. grape single width connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge a cultivation method for premature, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1), single width connects construction and the use of canopy
1. deployment all around aligns and upright column, and the column on limit, two ends is played Peng line and reinforced;
2. tie up crossbeam at the top of column, the column at two ends is also provided with and shores;
3. Small plastic shed and surrounding edge: having led 2 one metal wires along grape moisture in the soil limit on crossbeam is surrounding edge, and with 40-60 centimetre of spacing, arch bone is made with some wires, vertical arch is become with sideline, arch width becomes consistent, wire interfixes with canoe, beats the column of 2-3 rice spacing in surrounding edge surrounding again, above respectively below fixes 1 crossbeam;
4. in canopy surrounding, open width film is installed, at the surrounding fluting on the ground of canopy, the lower foot section of open width film is put into groove soil pressure real, on wire arch bone, little arch film is installed, open width film and little arch film is tightly obtained single width with continuous cableties and connects canopy;
The use that single width connects canopy divides 2 stages,
First stage: in the December of last year and the January of next year, with little arch film and open width film, after entering the 2-3 month, according to temperature improvements situation, when morning the minimum air temperature be increased to more than 10 degrees Celsius and progressively remove film, progressively throw off from open width film to little arch film;
Second stage: after entering rainy season, covers little arch film;
(2), change frame shaping, fall product upgrading
Adopt large " Y " posture, mobile jib height is promoted and causes 1.0-1.4 rice, two-arm becomes 100--120 degree angle to launch, and strain number is every mu of 300-400 strain, and line-spacing is 2.5-3 rice, completes the production band in grape trellis face, the setting of bear fruit band, ventilation strip;
(3), damage by disease and insect standardization control
Every 30-50 mu arranges a trapping lamp, every mu of Huang, each 30 of backboard, and every mu of a set of gyplure, in critical period optionally chemical control;
(4), improvement of soil fertility and improvement
Mu executes farmyard manure 3-5 ton or refined organic fertilizer 1-2 ton, turns over, and carries out zero tillage;
(5), the ecological partial circulating in field is strengthened in intercropping
Utilize vacant lot in the ranks to carry out grain, through interplant, mainly plant one or more vegetables of pea, broad bean, soybean, eggplant or tomato, each null plants two row, and the tangerine bar after simultaneously utilizing the vegetables of interplant to gather carries out also field and fosters and apply fertilizer;
(6), water-fertilizer integral uses
Adopt based on fertile every mu 80-100 kilogram of controllable released type composite fertilizer banyan maple BB, portly prestige series 30-50 kilogram of water-soluble is topdressed, again in the fall once, the beginning of spring sprout after bloom before 2-3 time, Xie Huahou once carries out foliage-spray 21% Boratex 1500 liquid, then dividing a fringe phase, thank spend after spray sugar alcohol zinc 1000 times of liquid for twice; Xie Huahou is to stone phase 4 foliage-spray sugar alcohol calcium fertiliser containing magnesiums 1500 times of liquid;
(7), the digitlization of field colony setting
The elementary object output determined is 2.5-3 ton, determines field branch amount 2500-3000 branch, and single is stayed leaf 40-60 leaf, one fringe, number of grain per ear is determined according to different kinds, three main kinds: the red earth or summer black 80-100 grain, gram gloomy 100-120 grain of end.
2. a kind of grape single width according to claim 1 connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature, and it is characterized in that, the described crossbeam of step (1) adopts square tube.
3. a kind of grape single width according to claim 1 connects canopy and falls close upgrading and urge cultivation method for premature, it is characterized in that, zero tillage described in step (4) be clover, clover, Hairy vetch or sword tongue pea one or more, the poultry of supporting field, sheep raising or foster duck, every mu of cultivation sheep 3 or chicken/duck 10.
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| CN105123425A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 吉林农业大学 | Facility cultivation method for grapes |
| CN105248242A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-20 | 大理时代农业科技发展有限公司 | Early-maturing grape cultivation method |
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| CN115643967A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 烟台北方果蔬技术开发连锁有限公司 | A V-shaped frame for growing sunshine roses |
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