CN104220073A - Ccr3-抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
Ccr3-抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104220073A CN104220073A CN201380016333.7A CN201380016333A CN104220073A CN 104220073 A CN104220073 A CN 104220073A CN 201380016333 A CN201380016333 A CN 201380016333A CN 104220073 A CN104220073 A CN 104220073A
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Abstract
本发明涉及式1的CCR3抑制剂,其中R1为H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-环烷基、C1-6-卤代烷基,R2为H、C1-6-烷基,X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,j为1或2,其用作治疗选自干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(dAMD)、湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的药物。
Description
本发明涉及式1的CCR3-抑制剂,
其中,
R1为H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-环烷基、C1-6-卤代烷基;
R2为H、C1-6-烷基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子;
j为1或2。
其用作治疗选自干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(dAMD)、湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎(eosinophilic ententeritis))、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征(Churg Strauss syndrome)的疾病的药物。
背景信息
趋化因子为趋化性的细胞因子,分子量6至15kDa,由多种细胞释放以趋化吸引并活化细胞,尤其是巨噬细胞、T及B淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞及嗜中性粒细胞等细胞类型(参见Luster,New Eng.J Med.,338,436-445(1998);Rollins,Blood,90,909-928(1997);Lloyd,Curr Opin Pharmacol.,3,443-448(2003);Murray,Current Drug Targets.,7,579-588(2006);Smit,Eur J Pharmacol.,533,277-88(2006))。
趋化因子主要有两类,根据氨基酸序列中头两个半胱氨酸是隔着单个氨基酸还是彼此相邻,分别称为CXC及CC。CXC趋化因子(例如白介素-8(IL-8)、嗜中性粒细胞-活化蛋白-2(NAP2)及黑素瘤生长刺激活性蛋白(MGSA))主要对嗜中性粒细胞及T淋巴细胞具有趋化作用,然而,CC趋化因子(例如RANTES、MIP-la、MIP-1、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3、MCP-4及MCP-5)及嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子(嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-1、嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-2及嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-3)特别是对巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、树突细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞等细胞类型具有趋化作用。亦存在淋巴细胞趋化因子-1、淋巴细胞趋化因子-2(均为C趋化因子)及Fractalkine因子(CXXXC趋化因子),它们不属于任一主要的趋化因子亚家族。
趋化因子结合至属于G-蛋白偶联七跨膜结构域蛋白家族的特异性细胞表面受体(称为“趋化因子受体”)(参见Horuk,Trends Pharm.Sci.,15,159-165(1994);Murphy,Pharmacol Rev.,54(2):227-229(2002);Allen,Annu.Rev.Immunol.,25,787-820(2007))。结合其同源配体时,趋化因子受体经由相关的三聚G蛋白转导细胞内信号,从而导致应答,特别是细胞内钙离子浓度快速增加、G蛋白活化、细胞形状改变、细胞黏附分子表达增加、去颗粒化、促进细胞迁移、存活及增殖。存在结合或应答于具有以下特征形态的CC趋化因子的至少11种人类趋化因子受体:CCR-1(或"CKR-1"或"CC-CKR-1")[MIP-la、MCP-3、MCP-4、RANTES](Ben-Barruch等人,Cell,72,415-425(1993),Luster,New Eng.J.Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-2A及CCR-2B(或"CKR-2A"/"CKR-2B"或"CC-CKR-2A"/"CC-CKR-2B")[MCP-1、MCP2、MCP-3、MCP-4、MCP-5](Charo等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,91,2752-2756(1994),Luster,New Eng.J.Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR3(或"CKR-3"或"CC-CKR-3")[嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-1、嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-2、RANTES、MCP-3、MCP-4](Combadiere等人,J.Biol.Chem.,270,16491-16494(1995),Luster,New Eng.J.Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-4(或"CKR-4"或"CC-CKR-4")[TARC,MIP-la,RANTES,MCP-1](Power等人,J.Biol.Chem.,270,19495-19500(1995),Luster,New Eng.J.Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-5(或"CKR-5"或"CCCKR-5")[MIP-Ia、RANTES、MIP-Ip](Sanson等人,Biochemistry,35,3362-3367(1996));CCR-6(或"CKR-6"或"CC-CKR-6")[LARC](Baba等人,J.Biol.Chem.,272,14893-14898(1997));CCR-7(或"CKR-7"或"CC-CKR-7")[ELC](Yoshie等人,J.Leukoc.Biol.62,634-644(1997));CCR-8(或"CKR-8"或"CC-CKR-8")[1-309、TARC、MIP-1p](Napolitano等人,J.Immunol.,157,2759-2763(1996),Bernardini等人,Eur.J.Immunol.,28,582-588(1998));CCR-10(或"CKR-10"或"CC-CKR-10")[MCP-1,MCP-3](Bonini等人,DNA and Cell Biol.,16,1249-1256(1997));及CCR31(或"CKR-11"或"CC-CKR-11")[MCP-1,MCP-2,MCP-4](Schweickart等人,J Biol Chem,2759550-9556(2000))。
除了哺乳动物趋化因子受体之外,诱饵受体CCX-CKR、D6及DARC/Duffy以及由哺乳动物巨细胞病毒、疱疹病毒及痘病毒表达的蛋白显示趋化因子受体的结合性质(参见Wells and Schwartz,Curr.Opin.Biotech.,8,741-748(1997);Comerford,Bioessays.,29(3):237-47(2007))。人类CC趋化因子(例如RANTES及MCP-3)可经由这些病毒编码型受体导致钙离子快速移动。受体表达因允许破坏正常免疫系统监视及感染应答而可能引起感染。另外,人类趋化因子受体(例如CXCR-4、CCR2、CCR3、CCR5及CCR8)可作为哺乳动物细胞被微生物(例如,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV))感染的辅助受体。
已表明趋化因子受体为炎性、感染性和免疫调节性病症及疾病的重要媒介,所述病症及疾病包括哮喘及过敏性疾病以及自身免疫性疾病(例如类风湿性关节炎)、格雷夫斯氏病(Grave's disease)、慢性阻塞性肺病及动脉粥样硬化。例如,趋化因子受体CCR3尤其在嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、TH2细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、上皮细胞、小神经胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞及纤维母细胞上表达。CCR3在引诱嗜酸性粒细胞到达过敏性炎性部位及随后活化所述细胞过程中具有关键作用。CCR3的趋化因子配体使细胞内钙离子浓度快速增加、G蛋白的GTP转化率增加、ERK磷酸化增加、受体内在化增强、嗜酸性粒细胞形状变化、细胞黏附分子表达增加、细胞去颗粒化、及促进迁移。因此,抑制趋化因子受体的药物用于所述病症及疾病。此外,抑制趋化因子受体的药物亦用于感染性疾病(例如阻断CCR3表达细胞被HIV感染)或用于防止例如巨细胞病毒的病毒操纵的免疫细胞应答。
因此,CCR3为一种重要的标靶物且拮抗CCR3可有效治疗炎性、嗜酸性、免疫调节性及感染性病症及疾病(Wegmann,Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.,36(1):61-67(2007);Fryer J Clin Invest.,116(1):228-236(2006);De Lucca,CurrOpin Drug Discov Devel.,9(4):516-524(2006))。
专利WO 2010115836已发现并揭示,式1的经取代的哌啶极适宜用作CCR3拮抗剂,副作用小,例如,如Watson PS,Bioorg Med Chem Lett.,16(21):5695-5699(2006)所述,抑制去甲肾上腺素(NET)、多巴胺(DAT)或5-羟色胺再摄取转运蛋白(5-HTT),或如De Lucca,J Med Chem.,48(6):2194-2211(2005)所述,抑制5HT2A、5HT2C或多巴胺D2受体,或如De Lucca,Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel.,9(4):516-524(2006)所述,阻断hERG通道,或抑制α1B肾上腺素能受体。
目前,已惊讶地发现,式1的化合物可用于治疗选自干性年龄相关性黄斑病变(dAMD)、湿性年龄相关性黄斑病变(wAMD)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎的疾病。
同样的,式1的化合物可用于治疗选自嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的其他疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目标为式1的化合物,
其中
R1为H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-环烷基、C1-6-卤代烷基;
R2为H、C1-6-烷基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子;
j为1或2;
其用作治疗选自干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(dAMD)、湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的药物。
优选式1的化合物,其中
R1为H、C1-6-烷基;
R2为H、C1-6-烷基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子;
j为1或2;
优选式1的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
R2为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
优选式1的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
R2为H、甲基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
优选式1的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基;
R2为H、甲基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
此外,优选下表中实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10作为二盐酸盐的化合物。因此,X优选为氯离子,j优选为2。
优选式1的化合物,其用作治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎的疾病的药物。
本发明的另一方面为式1的化合物用于治疗选自鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的用途,所述疾病优选鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎。
本发明的另一方面为式1的化合物在制备用于治疗选自鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的药物中的用途,所述疾病优选鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎。
本发明的另一方面为式1的化合物用于治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)疾病的用途。
本发明的另一方面为通过给予患者式1的化合物,治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的方法,所述疾病优选早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎。
本发明的另一方面为通过给予患者含式1的化合物的药物组合物,治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的方法,所述疾病优选早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎。
本发明的另一方面为通过给予患者有效量的含式1的化合物的药物组合物,治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的方法,所述疾病优选早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎。
本发明的另一方面为通过给予患者有效量的含式1的化合物的药物组合物,治疗早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)或视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)的方法。
所用术语及定义
本文中未明确定义的术语应赋予本领域技术人员根据公开内容及上下文所给予的含义。然而,如本说明书中所用,除非明确指明,否则,以下术语具有所述含义且遵守以下规定。
在下文定义的基团、残基或部分中,碳原子数通常在基团前指明,例如,C1-6-烷基意指具有1至6个碳原子的烷基。一般,对于含有两个或更多个子基团的基团而言,先命名的子基团为残基连接点,例如,取代基“C1-3-烷基芳基”意指结合C1-3-烷基的芳基,其中所述C1-3-烷基结合至母核或该取代基所连接的基团。
倘若本发明的化合物以化学名称及化学式的形式描述,出现差异时,以化学式为主。子式中可使用星号来指示与所定义母核分子连接的键。
除非明确指明,否则,于本说明书及附属权利要求中,所给出的化学式或名称应包括互变异构体及所有立体、光学及几何异构体(例如,对映异构体、非对映异构体、E/Z异构体等)及其外消旋异构体以及各对映异构体不同比例的混合物、非对映异构体的混合物或前述任意形式的混合物,其中存在所述异构体及对映异构体,以及盐(包括其药学上可接受的盐)及其溶剂合物(例如水合物),例如包括游离化合物的溶剂合物或化合物的盐的溶剂合物。
术语“C1-n-烷基”(其中n为2至n的整数),以单独形式或与另一残基组合的形式,表示具有1至n个C原子的非环状、饱和、支链或直链烃基。例如,术语C1-5-烷基包括残基H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-及H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-。
术语“C1-n-卤代烷基”(其中n为2至n的整数),以单独形式或与另一残基组合的形式,表示具有1至n个C原子的非环状、饱和、支链或直链烃基,其中一或多个氢原子经选自氟、氯或溴的卤素原子置换,所述卤素原子优选氟及氯,尤其优选氟。实例包括:CH2F、CHF2、CF3。
术语“C3-n-环烷基”(其中n为4至n的整数),以单独形式或与另一残基组合的形式,表示具有3至n个C原子的环状、饱和、无支链烃基。例如,术语C3-7-环烷基包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基及环庚基。
发明详述
干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(dAMD)为一种进行性慢性疾病,其影响中央视网膜,是引起世界范围内老年人视力丧失的主要原因。干性AMD为AMD的一种晚期形式,与可导致产生地图状萎缩区域(regions of geographic atrophy)的脉络膜小疣(drusen)的积累相关,当累及黄斑时,造成破坏性的中央视力丧失。尽管未知其确切机制,但通过巨噬细胞进入视网膜的渗透所介导的过程(此过程促进促血管生成因子的释放并引起新血管形成),干性AMD患者常发展为湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)。因此,预期式1的化合物对干性AMD具有预防性治疗的效用。
湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)为晚期AMD的一种形式,其特征在于脉络膜的新血管形成,其最终撕裂Bruch膜,瓦解视网膜,以及引起血管渗漏和黄斑区水肿,从而引发突发性中央视觉丧失。尽管接受治疗后约三分之一患者病情仍然进展,但标准医护治疗仍靶向于VEGF-A。此外,已证明视网膜毒性与持续的或高剂量的抗VEGF治疗有关。因此,需要更特异性靶向CNV的治疗策略。CCR3及其配体的表达特别是与此疾病的病理生理过程相关。此外,在临床前研究中通过NCE或NBE方法的CCR3拮抗已为CCR3阻断剂作为治疗此疾病的潜在治疗剂提供了更多的支持性证据。临床前证据显示,式1的化合物充分有效地预防药理学小鼠模型发生激光诱导的新血管形成。因此,式1的化合物对预防wAMD相关的新血管形成和水肿具有效用。
早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是一种眼部疾病,其影响由于早产接受强烈新生儿护理的早产儿。氧中毒和局部缺氧均被认为促进ROP的发展。此疾病潜在的病理生理学为低氧条件导致促血管生成因子的刺激,并引起血管无序生长,导致瘢痕形成和视网膜脱落。尽管无治疗干预时,ROP可为温和强度且完全康复,其仍可能在严重病例中导致永久性失明。此疾病的确切原因是未知的,但主要的假说为辅助供氧通过可引起新血管形成的血管收缩而引起局部视网膜缺氧,或由于辅助供氧引起正常血管过程滞缓,但当突然撤销供氧时引起血管的快速增殖和纤维血管疾病。目前的治疗方法包括在此疾病严重形式时采取外科和治疗干预。外科治疗可包括对视网膜脱落者行巩膜环扎术和/或玻璃体切除术(viterctomy)。然而,激光诱导的光凝固术为目前治疗ROP的主要方法。式1的化合物对预防与ROP相关的新血管形成具有效用。
视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)是由于静脉阻塞阻止了氧气耗竭的血液自由地流出眼部血管而引起的症状。由于氧气耗竭血液的流动限制,富氧血液被阻止到达视网膜表层,并确保了低氧状态。局部缺氧引起视网膜表层触发促血管生成因子。所述因子的释放促使异常黄斑水肿和新血管形成的发展。式1的化合物的潜在效用为治疗与CRVO相关的黄斑水肿和新血管形成。
鼻息肉病(NP)是一种上呼吸道慢性炎性疾病,其特征在于炎症组织赘疣(outgrowth)进入鼻腔。尽管此疾病确切病因未知,但众所周知其成人患病率为1至5%(Settipane GA:Epidemiology of nasal polyps.Allergy AsthmaProc 1996,17:231–236)。NP通常发生在20岁或以上年龄的男性中,并引起鼻塞、嗅觉减退,以及复发性感染,所述疾病比常年性变应性鼻炎对生活质量的影响更加显著(Li等人,Characterizing T-Cell Phenotypes in Nasal Polyposisin Chinese Patients,J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009;Vol.19(4):276-282)。多达三分之一的NP患者报道患有哮喘,然而仅7%的哮喘患者患有NP。与NP有关的主要细胞类型为嗜酸性粒细胞,尽管在远东发现NP中主要的细胞类型为中性粒细胞(Amar YG,Frenkiel S,Sobol SE:Outcome analysis ofendoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis in patients having Samter’s triad.JOtolaryngol 2000,29:7–12)。众所周知的Samnter三联征(息肉病、哮喘、以及阿斯匹林反应)占所有NP的10%,且很可能具有最高的复发率(Naclerio等人,Medical and Surgical Management of nasal Polyps,Curr Opin OtolaryngolHead Neck Surg 2001,9:27–36)。
使用局部作用的鼻腔皮质类固醇(nCS)是目前的一线治疗方案,且已显示一定程度的成功。对鼻腔类固醇缺乏响应的根本原因是息肉对激素无响应(例如囊胞性纤维症或纤毛运动异常),但NP治疗的临床效果的其他限制可能为高度鼻塞,其限制在鼻内的分布(Hellquist HB.Nasal polyps update.Histopathology.Allergy Asthma Proc.1996;17:237-42)。使用口服全身皮质类固醇(OCS)进行NP的长期治疗是有效的,但由于其已知的副作用而未被广泛采用。然而,外科手术前会通常使用OCS,或启用鼻内类固醇治疗以收缩息肉从而进行外科手术,或增加nCS的鼻内给药。对药物治疗无反应的患者需要外科手术治疗以移除鼻息肉,且必须继续长期使用鼻用类固醇治疗以避免NP复发。部分患者复发的可能性极高,这些患者存在阿司匹林耐受不良、真菌性鼻窦炎、哮喘或囊胞性纤维症。由于NP对生活质量的高度影响(例如严重NP完全丧失嗅觉功能)、对nCS不尽如人意的反应率、OCS的不良副反应特性、以及严重或激素无反应病例对外科手术的需求,认为NP的未满足的医疗需求很大。目标疾病链接(Target Disease Link)-组织学评价显示鼻息肉可被划分为四种类型:水肿(嗜酸性的)、纤维化(非嗜酸性的)、腺状、以及不规则的(Hellquist HB.Nasal polyps update.Histopathology.AllergyAsthma Proc.1996;17:237-42)。在迄今为止进行的绝大多数(80-90%)NP的组织学评价中,描述NP的病因特征在于具有较强的嗜酸性成分。嗜酸性粒细胞通过释放细胞毒性物质(如主要碱性蛋白、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白)以及自分泌产生使炎症过程维持的趋化因子,从而启动组织损伤。原始文献(primary literature)中认为不仅细胞因子IL-1、IL-4、IL-5和IL-8,而且最重要的是嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子(CCL11)和RANTES(CCL5)对嗜酸性粒细胞增多症具有趋化效能。众所周知,嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子和RANTES通过CCR3在嗜酸性粒细胞上传导信号,且另外两种嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子,即嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子2(CCL24)和嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子3(CCL26)几乎仅通过CCR3受体在嗜酸性粒细胞上传导信号。鼻息肉中嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子水平的评估显示嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子水平与NP中嗜酸性粒细胞数量具有显著相关性。因此在原始文献中提供了CCR3拮抗剂的目标疾病链接,且在使用式1的化合物的人中首次获得的数据(内部数据)显示,此化合物以剂量和暴露依赖方式(dose and explosure dependant manner)防止嗜酸性粒细胞形状变化。嗜酸性粒细胞形状变化的抑制作用为嗜酸性粒细胞的活化和嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子活性的抑制的替代指标。因此表明可用于全身给药的化合物,如式1的化合物,将减少NP中嗜酸性粒细胞数量,减少炎症,且将可能实现改善已确认有高医疗需求的NP的症状。
嗜酸细胞性食管炎(EoE)是一种慢性Th2相关的食管炎性疾病,目前10,000个体中其至少影响4人(Noel RJ,Putnam PE,Rothenberg ME.Eosinophilic esophagitis.N Engl J Med.2004;351:940–941)。自2000年此病诊断发病率急剧增加,同时内窥镜检查也增加(Prasad等人:Epidemiology ofEosinophilic Esophagitis over 3Decades in Olmstead County,Minnesota.ClinGastroenterol Hepatol.2009,7:1055-1061)。此疾病的特征通常包括吞咽困难、食物嵌塞、胸痛、以及伴有高剂量质子泵抑制剂治疗后仍未解决的胃灼热。约三分之一的EoE患者将需要内窥镜移除食物嵌塞,且EoE儿科研究显示,EoE的慢性性质体现在饮食习惯的行为改变。此疾病的主要诊断表现为吞咽困难,与之相关的是内窥镜活组织检查的组织学评价,其中每个高倍镜视野下食管上皮细胞中嗜酸性粒细胞数>15。由于通常最初误诊为GERD,EoE的治疗通常涉及高剂量质子泵抑制剂的若干疗程。通过内窥镜检查一旦确定为EoE,对PPI无反应的患者使用3D治疗(药物、饮食、以及食管扩张术)被认为是标准疗法。尽管目前无批准的EoE疗法,但最常使用的药物为吞咽的氟替卡松iCS(440ug,一日两次)。近端和远端食管的组织学差异表明,使用吞咽的氟替卡松会发生次优的沉积。尽管治疗反应率通常高于50%,但由于治疗中止的高复发率仍表明EoE为慢性疾病(Straumann A,Aceves SS,Blanchard C,Collins MH,Furuta GT,Hirano I,Schoepfer AM,Simon D,Simon H-U.Pediatricand adult eosinophilic esophagitis:similarities and differences.Allergy 2012;67:477–490)。使用LTA的试验和抗TNF-a治疗未明显地改善治疗(A.J.Lucendo等人,Montelukast Was Inefficient in Maintaining Steroid-Induced Remission inAdult Eosinophilic Esophagitis Dig Dis Sci(2011)56:3551–3558)。在小型(n=11)的探索性研究中,美泊利单抗(抗IL-5)治疗显著减少了组织嗜酸性粒细胞数量,但未能表现出显著的症状改善(Straumann A,Anti-interleukin-5antibodytreatment(mepolizumab)in active eosinophilic oesophagitis:a randomised,placebo-controlled,double-blind trial,Gut 2010;59:21–30)。尽管美泊利单抗使外周的嗜酸性粒细胞降低了五倍,但活组织检查中的嗜酸性粒细胞值仅减少了二倍(例如趋化性渗漏),且患者外周嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子水平或抗IL-5抗体的自身抗体水平明显较高(A Straumann,Anti-interleukin-5antibodytreatment(mepolizumab)in active eosinophilic oesophagitis:a randomised,placebo-controlled,double-blind trial,Gut 2010;59:21–30)。这些发现表明了对EoE进行抗IL-5治疗时的障碍。EoE影响各年龄段,伴有明显的症状和医疗负担,表现出较高的未满足的医疗需求。目标疾病链接-嗜酸性粒细胞不常出现在食管上皮,且认识到EoE为Th2型炎性疾病对理解此疾病是一大进步(Straumann A,Aceves SS,Blanchard C,Collins MH,Furuta GT,Hirano I,Schoepfer AM,Simon D,Simon H-U.Pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis:similarities and differences.Allergy 2012;67:477–490)。基于对疾病和活组织检查在诊断EoE中的中心作用的认识的提高,大量研究被总结在原始文献中,尽管所述原始文献以嗜酸性粒细胞为主要诊断标志物。对于成年和儿科EoE的病理生理过程通常一致,但疾病T细胞成分也许不同。尽管标记Th2细胞类型具有一定作用,但嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-3轴(eotaxin-3axis)(CCR3和CCL26)一直最可能为引诱嗜酸性粒细胞至食管的关键因素。嗜酸性粒细胞的效应子功能与直接破坏食管上皮的证据有关。嗜酸性粒细胞的去颗粒化引起嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白和嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化酶的释放,二者均具有细胞毒性作用,并与EoE患者中观察到的明显的食管重建(remodelling)有关。考虑到EoE中嗜酸性粒细胞的突出作用、直接通过嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-3轴的信号传导、以及CCR3在嗜酸性粒细胞趋化作用中的明确作用,因此在原始文献中为使用CCR3拮抗剂的EoE提供了目标疾病链接。在使用式1的化合物的人中首次获得的数据(内部数据)显示,此化合物以剂量和暴露依赖方式防止嗜酸性粒细胞形状变化的能力。嗜酸性粒细胞形状变化的抑制作用为嗜酸性粒细胞的活化和嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子活性的抑制的替代指标。因此表明可用于全身给药的化合物,如式1的化合物,将减少EoE中嗜酸性粒细胞数量,减少炎症,且将可能实现改善已确认有高医疗需求的EoE的症状。
此外,预期式1的化合物可用于治疗选自嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的其他炎性疾病,这是因为所述各疾病与嗜酸性炎症有关。预测防止嗜酸性粒细胞趋化至受影响组织可解决潜在的炎症和组织损伤。
剂量
式1的化合物的剂量范围通常为100至1000mg,尤其是200至900mg、300至900mg或350至850mg或390至810mg。对于100、200、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900mg,优选350、400、450、750、800、850mg的每日口服剂量,可给予一或两片药物,优选一天给予两片。
通过一片或两片药物可达到剂量范围;优选给予两片,每片含有一半剂量。
可每天至多施用三次活性成分,优选每天一或两次。具体剂量强度为400mg或800mg。
实施例
因此,本发明涉及式1的化合物治疗鼻息肉病或嗜酸细胞性食管炎(EoE)疾病的用途。根据上文的论述,此用途与化合物抑制CCR3受体的能力有关。式1的化合物(人CCR3-受体处的人类嗜酸细胞活化趋化因子-1)的Ki值参见下表。
如此文所用,“活性”意指在上述试验的测量中,化合物在1μM浓度时抑制作用为50%或更高。所述结果表示化合物作为CCR3受体抑制剂的内在活性。
式1的化合物的实施例可根据专利WO 2010115836的说明书合成,该专利以引用方式并入本文。所述实施例的盐可通过从含有HCl的溶液中结晶游离碱而形成。实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10优选为二盐酸化物的形式。
Claims (11)
1.式1的化合物
其中
R1为H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-环烷基、C1-6-卤代烷基;
R2为H、C1-6-烷基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子;
j为1或2;
其用作治疗选自干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(dAMD)、湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(wAMD)、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的药物。
2.如权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1为H、C1-6-烷基;
R2为H、C1-6-烷基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子;
j为1或2。
3.如权利要求1或2的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
R2为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基;
R2为H、甲基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物,其中
R1为H、甲基;
R2为H、甲基;
X为选自氯离子或1/2二苯甲酰基酒石酸根的阴离子,优选氯离子;
j为1或2,优选2。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项的化合物,其中X为氯离子。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项的化合物,其中j为2。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项的式1的化合物,其用作治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)、鼻息肉病以及嗜酸细胞性食管炎的疾病的药物。
9.如权利要求1至7中任一项的式1的化合物用于治疗选自鼻息肉病、嗜酸细胞性食管炎、嗜酸细胞性肠胃炎(例如嗜酸细胞性胃炎和嗜酸细胞性肠炎)、嗜酸细胞增多综合征和丘-斯综合征的疾病的用途。
10.如权利要求9的用途,其用于治疗选自鼻息肉病和嗜酸细胞性食管炎的疾病。
11.如权利要求9的用途,其用于治疗选自早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)的疾病。
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CN110650740A (zh) * | 2017-04-05 | 2020-01-03 | 万能溶剂有限公司 | 使用ccr3抑制剂治疗视网膜相关疾病的方法和组合物 |
US11590118B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2023-02-28 | Alkahest Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating retina-associated disease using CCR3-inhibitors |
US11951102B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2024-04-09 | Alkahest Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating retina-associated disease using CCR3-inhibitors |
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