CN104206186B - A kind of engrafting method of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206186B CN104206186B CN201410421323.8A CN201410421323A CN104206186B CN 104206186 B CN104206186 B CN 104206186B CN 201410421323 A CN201410421323 A CN 201410421323A CN 104206186 B CN104206186 B CN 104206186B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of engrafting method of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, comprise following operating procedure: choosing is made stock without the maple of disease and pest, chooses the Sassafras tsumu Hemsl branch close with diameter of stock as scion; Intercept 1-2 centimetre from cladus and do scion, cross section is vertical with branch length direction; Needing grafting height place to block on stock, cross section is vertical with the short transverse of stock; Scion cross section and stock cross section are fitted tightly, aim at and form layer; Interface bundle is tied up fixing. This method is simple, and interface cutting easily; Wound face, the interface surface of grafting are minimum, form layer owing to aiming at, and survival rate is up to 93%, and new plant strain growth is very fast; Rate of scionwood utility is high; Be conducive to preservation and procreation to precious endangered species.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method, being especially suitable for maple is that stock and the grafting of lotus branch bud are maple lotusThe engrafting method in osmanthus.
Background technology
Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, another name Pterospermi Heterophylli, belongs to aiphyllium, and bark taupe, has fragrance, leaf alternate, Chang JuBe born in Zhi Ding. Sassafras tsumu Hemsl has obvious three types, and a kind of leaf is lotus leaf, oval type; It is a kind of as maple leaves,The raw umbel in top, fruit is as large in mung bean, plays ling line. Generally be born in remote mountains, the Congjiang, China Guizhou area slope, ridgeIn shaw. Gather its root and bark of spring and summer is used as medicine, can wind dispelling wet, the network that stimulates the menstrual flow, and loose hemostasis, strengthens the bone.Sassafras tsumu Hemsl belongs to the rare plant of China, and the pollen of maple and two kinds of trees of lotus tree was through several thousand even up to ten thousand yearsEarth's crust transition just breed out.
The medicinal part of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl is extensive, comprising: root, stem, branch, leaf and bark and nectar, all haveDispel rheumatism, the unique effects of activating blood circulation and reducing swelling, be the novel medicinal plant resources that has fine development prospect. " completeState's Chinese herbal medicine compilation " middle record, Sassafras tsumu Hemsl function cures mainly dispels rheumatism, and relaxes the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, and closes for rheumaticJoint is scorching, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, chronic lumbocrural pain, hemiplegia, traumatic injury, bruise;It is hemorrhage that knife wound is controlled in external application.
In recent years, due to forest cover heavy damage, remaining kind group quantity is to the utmost is rare, mostly is zeroThe individual plant of star growth, its bark and root can hyoscines and suffer the calamity of peeling simultaneously, as being with Congjiang Yao nationality stockaded village oneSassafras tsumu Hemsl, its bark has been scraped the nearly dry top of stripping, exist in name only real genus, has even grubbed out in some areas,Sassafras tsumu Hemsl is carried out to destructiveness to be robbed.
At present, this endangered rare tree that valuable Chinese medicine is worth that has of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, its protection andExploitation causes people's great attention, is only to pluck and can not protect this precious tree far away with traditional preventionThe breeding of planting, although prior art can improve its output with Sassafras tsumu Hemsl engrafting method, existing transferringThe method of connecing makes Sassafras tsumu Hemsl grafting survival rate lower, and the breeding of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl is appointed so slower.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention aims to provide a kind of engrafting method of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, carriesThe survival rate of high Sassafras tsumu Hemsl grafting.
The technical solution used in the present invention, i.e. a kind of engrafting method of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, comprises following operating procedure:
(1) choose scion and stock: choosing is made stock without the maple of disease and pest, chooses with diameter of stock closeSassafras tsumu Hemsl branch is as scion;
(2) scion cutting: intercept 1-2 centimetre from cladus and do scion, cross section is vertical with branch length direction;
(3) stock cutting: needing grafting height place to block on stock, cross section is vertical with the short transverse of stock;
(4) scion and stock engage: scion cross section and stock cross section are fitted tightly, aim at and form layer;
(5) interface bundle is tied up fixing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by this kind of engrafting method, increased the nutrition supplying of engrationTo approach, improve the reliability of nutrition supply, solve the deficiency existing in existing grafting trees technology,Greatly improve the survival rate of multiple grafting, overcome the tuple of multiple grafting and the limit of form of treesSystem, can realize netted grafting, crossings on different level grafting, has changed traditional grafting method, makes grafting treesForm realized variation.
This method is simple, and interface cutting easily; Wound face, the interface surface of grafting are minimum, due to rightThe accurate layer that forms, survival rate is up to 93%, and new plant strain growth is very fast; Rate of scionwood utility is high; In imminent danger to preciousnessThe preservation of seeds and procreation are more meaningful.
Detailed description of the invention
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Should be appreciated that preferred embodimentOnly for the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Engrafting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1), cultivate nursery lot
Nursery lot will select physical features comparatively smooth, the gradient in five degree, soil acidity or alkalinity 6～7 degree between,Soil layer is deeper, and soil property is better compared with sandy loam or black loam fertile and well-formed, and gather water is goodConvenient with irrigation conditions, drench with rain not flooded, dry season is not non-irrigated and be advisable in the stronger soil of keeping fertility, choosing and lesionHave the place of natural cover for defense isolation, with the propagation of infecting of the venereal disease evil that eliminates danger, the preceding crop of nursery lot withRice-cultivating is good, selects the place of traffic convenience, the transport during in order to outplanting;
Seedling ground, previous month of transplanting, should be removed weeds totally, in order to the propagation of farming and the sick worm of minimizing,Deep plough and turn over plough seedling simultaneously, the degree of depth of ploughing plough should be according to the soil layer depth, soil structure, the hard degree of pineCondition decides, and general plough reaches 5～6 cun deeply, and more than two ploughs two rakes should be accomplished in front and back, soil turns over warp after ploughFully shine in vain, then carry out secondary and turn over plough, then whole furrow, in conjunction with basal dressing, preferably execute corruption for every mu when whole furrowRipe compost, rubbish, fish pond mud 200-300 load, can be in conjunction with executing the pig, the cattle pen excrement that become thoroughly decomposed while having ready conditions100---200 load, and the fertilizer such as appropriate calcium superphosphate and plant ash, lime is as base manure, with inAnd soil acidity, when whole furrow, accomplish intensive cultivation, soil is in small, broken bits, and fertilizer and soil are adjusted and mixed evenly,Furrow face makes every effort to smooth, in order to draining, and makes seed blinding thickness consistent, and favourable future, germination was unearthedNeat and consistent, the length of furrow, to facilitate work or to determine with landform, furrow face width degree is taking 3 chi as suitable,Control the management work such as worm and row irrigation in order to weeding, the height of furrow will be made into 7～8 cun high, shallow at table soilOr the easy place of ponding, should whole high furrow, furrow are high more than 7～8 cun, softer sandy soil, canSlightly lowlyer whole, furrow are high 6～7 cun, because sandy soil draining is good, and quick heating, table soil is easily dry, therefore only should be wholeBecome low furrow, around seedling ground, rear especially ditch and gutter, should dig zanjon in order to draining.
(2), transplant maple seedling
The grafting of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl is using maple as stock, and the selection of maple seedling should be followed following several principles: anvilWood kind and scion variety will have good compatibility; Select stock well developed root system, grow fast and plantThe many kinds in son source, select the stock variety large to local climate acclimation;
The cultivation of maple seedling is selected in to be carried out autumn, and seedling is vertically put into nursery, stays bud 3-4, and all the other are cutRemove, before transplanting, also can steep 30 minutes by 1000 times of immersions of thiophanate methyl, planted after sunshade 5-7 days,Need see sunlight cultivation, for branch management, every strain retains well-grown 2 buds and grows into by itBranch, grows to and draws after certain length climingly with pillar, Second Year early spring, plant type is done to necessary adjustment, to lead toWind, to be convenient to solar radiation be main pruning, and favourable its grows; Rootstock seedling diameter reaches 0.6 liRice is above gets final product grafting, to substandard portable again cultivating and managing to next year grafting;
(3) selection of scion
Select Sassafras tsumu Hemsl to set as scion, select eye fusiformis young sprout full, that branch is substantial to do scion, asHigh-grafting makes wide of scion close with the wide face width degree of branch of stock as far as possible, after the scion of growing seedlings gathersShould wipe out immediately blade, and wrap in plastic sheeting, affect survival rate with vaporization prevention, dehydration, as far as possibleAccomplish with adopting with use, if adopt at a distance fringe, defoliation, moisturizing, Sha Zang.
(4) engrafting method and the time
Engrafting method is cut-grafting, is selected in and carries out spring, and annual mid-March is to mid-April, scionBefore rudiment, it is the best cut-grafting time;
Cut-grafting: cutting off stock top apart from the about 10cm of stock root place level, then select suitable position while growing seedlingsAim at formation layer and indulge and split 1.5cm-1.7cm downwards, make kerf width slightly be wider than wide of scion, otch formsLayer width is close with wide of scion, also can replace cutter to split by the method for peeling, and high-grafting is wide at stockFace and the wide face width degree of scion straight snips nearby mutually, aims at and forms the vertical 1.5cm that splits of layer in wide side of stock, as because ofWide injustice of stock and split and when wooden, need remove the wooden part splitting and retain cortex from base portion;
Cut fringe: hold scion, first in the offside of wide under bud under about 1cm place cutter splay, cut wholeIndividual scion, makes wide of bevel and scion then rotate scion into about 45° angle, makes wide facing up, from bastemPortion splays downwards to reach and forms layer, do not hinder or slightly hinder xylem, then horizontal sliding on earth, and bevel should reveal yellow-white shapeStratification, bevel greening, illustrate splayed shallow, bevel turn white splayed dark, also can splay reach form after layer straightConnect to peel off and cut a mouthful wide following bast zone, finally stay 1-2 buds, about 0.4cm place's straight snips or oblique on budCut a cutter, wide facing up, takes off scion;
Embedding bud: the short bevel of buddering inserts stock otch towards cortex, and the long bevel that makes to budder slightly exposes a bit and existsAbove stock, simultaneously note aim at form layer, in order to healing, wrapping: with thick about 0.04mm plasticsBar is tied up tight stock wound and whole scion, binds and attaches the names of pre-determined candidates, and only exposes eye and petiole, and other place will be wrapped up inTightly airtight;
(5) except sprout tillers
After grafting survival, to remove in time the sprout tillers of pumping on stock, to reduce nutrient consumption, be conducive to transferThe growth of seedlings picking;
(6) fertilising
Not fertilising immediately after grafting, after 40-50 days, grafting survives substantially, when sprouting pumping, thenMonthly thin fertile duty is executed 1 time, intertill and clean tillage, and precision management, and the drought resisting of summer high temperature arid is carried out in attentionWork;
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
To disease and pests such as yellow caterpillar, leaf spots, can select DDVP, kill chrysanthemum ester, carbendazim, burst witheredThe peaceful medicament that waits is prevented and treated timely and accurately;
(8) separate film
Grafting early and middle ten days in September then, remove grafting film in time, as do not removed for a long time film, meetingAffect conveying and the normal growth of nutrient.
Finally explanation, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although ginsengAccording to preferred embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated thatCan modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not depart from the ancestor of the technical programPurport and scope, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an engrafting method for Sassafras tsumu Hemsl, is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) choose scion and stock
Choosing is made stock without the maple of disease and pest, chooses the Sassafras tsumu Hemsl branch close with diameter of stock as scion;
(2) scion cutting
Intercept 1-2 centimetre from cladus and do scion, cross section is vertical with branch length direction;
(3) stock cutting
Needing grafting height place to block on stock, cross section is vertical with the short transverse of stock;
(4) scion and stock engage
Scion cross section and stock cross section are fitted tightly, aim at and form layer;
(5) interface bundle is tied up fixing;
(6) cultivate nursery lot
Nursery lot will select physical features comparatively smooth, the gradient is in five degree, soil acidity or alkalinity is between 6～7 degree, soil layer is deeper, soil property is better compared with sandy loam or black loam fertile and well-formed, and the good and irrigation conditions of gather water facilitates, drench with rain not flooded, dry season is not non-irrigated and the stronger soil of keeping fertility, there is the place of the natural cover for defense isolation choosing and lesion, with the propagation of infecting of the venereal disease evil that eliminates danger;
Seedling ground is being transplanted previous month, weeds are removed clean, in order to the propagation of farming and the sick worm of minimizing, deep plough and turn over plough seedling simultaneously, the degree of depth of ploughing plough should be according to the soil layer depth, soil structure, the hard degree condition of pine decides, plough reaches 5～6 cun deeply, more than two ploughs two rakes should be accomplished in front and back, soil shines in vain through abundant after turning over plough, carry out again secondary and turn over plough, then whole furrow, when whole furrow in conjunction with basal dressing, execute matured compost for every mu, rubbish, fish pond mud 200-300 load, in conjunction with executing the pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed, cattle pen excrement 100-200 load, and appropriate calcium superphosphate and plant ash, lime manure is as base manure, with sweetening of the soil acidity, the length of furrow is to facilitate work or to determine with landform, furrow face width degree is 1 meter, the height of furrow is 6～8 cun high,
(7) transplant maple seedling
The grafting of Sassafras tsumu Hemsl is using maple as stock, the cultivation of maple seedling is selected in to be carried out autumn, seedling is vertically put into nursery, stay bud 3-4, all the other are wiped out, before transplanting, steep 30 minutes by 1000 times of immersions of thiophanate methyl dilution, plant after sunshade 5-7 days, need see sunlight cultivation, managed for branch, every strain retains well-grown 2 buds and grows into branch by it, grow to and draw after certain length climingly with pillar, Second Year early spring, plant type is done to necessary adjustment, prune as main taking the solar radiation of ventilating, be convenient to, favourable its grows; Rootstock seedling diameter reaches more than 0.6 centimetre grafting, to substandard transplanting again cultivating and managing to next year grafting; (8) selection of scion
Select Sassafras tsumu Hemsl to set as scion, select eye fusiformis young sprout full, that branch is substantial to do scion, make wide of scion close with the wide face width degree of branch of stock, grow seedlings after scion collection and should wipe out immediately blade, and wrap in plastic sheeting, with vaporization prevention, dehydration and affect survival rate, accomplish with adopting with use, if adopt at a distance fringe, defoliation, moisturizing, Sha Zang;
(9) engrafting method and the time
Engrafting method is cut-grafting, is selected in annual mid-March to mid-April, is the cut-grafting time before scion rudiment;
Cut-grafting: cutting off stock top apart from the about 10cm of stock root place level while growing seedlings, then select suitable position to aim at and form the layer vertical 1.5cm-1.7cm that splits downwards, make kerf width slightly be wider than wide of scion, wide of notch shape stratification width and scion are close, replace cutter to split by the method for peeling, at wide of stock and the wide face width degree of scion straight snips nearby mutually, aim at and form layer and indulge and split a 1.5cm in wide side of stock, wide injustice of stock and split and when wooden, need remove the wooden part splitting and retain cortex from base portion;
Cut fringe: hold scion, first in the offside of wide under bud under about 1cm place cutter splay, cut whole scion, make wide of bevel and scion then rotate scion into about 45° angle, make wide facing up, splay downwards to reach from bastem portion and form layer, do not hinder or slightly hinder xylem, then horizontal sliding on earth, bevel should reveal yellow-white and form layer, bevel greening, illustrate and splayed shallowly, bevel turns white and splayed deeply, splays to reach to form after layer and directly peels off and cut mouthful a wide following bast zone, finally stay 1-2 buds, about 0.4cm place's straight snips or the cutter of splaying on bud, wide facing up, takes off scion;
Embedding bud: the short bevel of buddering inserts stock otch towards cortex, the long bevel that makes to budder exposes slightly a bit on stock, note aiming at simultaneously and form layer, in order to healing, wrapping: tie up tight stock wound and whole scion with the plastic strip of thick about 0.04mm, bind and attach the names of pre-determined candidates, only expose eye and petiole, other place is wrapped airtight;
(10) except sprout tillers
After grafting survival, to remove in time the sprout tillers of pumping on stock, to reduce nutrient consumption, be conducive to the growth of grafting;
(11) fertilising
Not fertilising immediately after grafting, after 40-50 days, grafting survives substantially, when sprouting pumping, more monthly thin fertile duty is executed 1 time, intertill and clean tillage, precision management, and note carrying out the drought relief work of summer high temperature arid;
(12) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
To yellow caterpillar, leaf spot disease and pest, select DDVP, kill chrysanthemum ester, carbendazim, the withered peaceful medicament of bursting prevent and treat timely and accurately;
(13) separate film
Grafting early and middle ten days in September then, remove grafting film in time, as do not removed for a long time film, can affect conveying and the normal growth of nutrient.
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| CN105325185B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2019-04-09 | 湖南省森林植物园 | A kind of Pterospermi Heterophylli propagation by grafiting method |
| CN106106007A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 王新兵 | A kind of method of grafting seedling |
| CN109729857A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-10 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard |
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| RU2423818C2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2011-07-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Оренбургский государственный аграрный университет" | Method of vegetative reproduction of acer platanoides "crimson king" |
| CN102301958B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-05-08 | 地缘（厦门）生物科技有限公司 | Method for culturing in vitro tissues of Semiliquidambar cathayensis |
| CN103155808A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-19 | 长江大学 | Conjoined grafting method for plant meristem |
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