CN104186215A - Cultivation method for large tea-oil tree bonsai - Google Patents
Cultivation method for large tea-oil tree bonsai Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186215A CN104186215A CN201410502354.6A CN201410502354A CN104186215A CN 104186215 A CN104186215 A CN 104186215A CN 201410502354 A CN201410502354 A CN 201410502354A CN 104186215 A CN104186215 A CN 104186215A
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- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VYPKFHFVKFKHMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-indol-2-yl)butanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C(C(O)=O)CC)=CC2=C1 VYPKFHFVKFKHMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for large tea-oil tree bonsai, and relates to the bonsai planting technology in the technical field of gardening. The cultivation method comprises the steps of stump selecting, stump trimming, transplanting, grafting, managing and pruning, to be specific, the stump trimming comprises the steps of trimming branches and roots, cutting openings and placing roots in slurry; the transplanting comprises the steps of flowerpot filling, pot planting and germination accelerating; the grafting comprises the steps of scion selecting, anvil cutting and grafting; the managing comprises the steps of illuminating managing, water managing and fertilizing managing. The cultivation method has the characteristics that the survival rate is high, the output period is short, and the method is suitable for mass cultivation; moreover, by adopting the cultivation method, the large tea-oil tree bonsai can be cultivated in high speed, and other evergreen tree bonsaican be cultivated in high speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the potted landscape planting technology in technical field of gardening, particularly a kind of breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape.
Background technology
Oil tea is the distinctive green plants of China, and not only fruit can extract oil and eat, and its leaf can also and purify air as medical precursor raw material, has huge economic worth and potentiality to be exploited.Because of its four seasons green for a long time, and poor growth, therefore can be used as potted landscape plantation seeds.At present tea oil tree potted landscape industry is also in the starting stage, only has southern minority enterprise to be engaged in this development.
Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201310510386.6) disclosed " preparation method of strange bent tea tree potted landscape ", the technical scheme of taking is: the breeding of the potted plant seedling of (1) strange bent tea tree; (2) preparation of strange bent tea tree potting media and nutrient solution; (3) the potted plant moulding of strange bent tea tree.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of the tea oil tree potted landscape that a kind of survival rate is high, the output cycle is short and be applicable to cultivating in batches.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention takes are breeding methods of a kind of large tea oil tree potted landscape of invention, and its cultivating process is as follows:
(i), stub chooses: choose and have experienced all sorts of hardships or the age of tree 10 years is above, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-40cm, shape are peculiar, the tea oil tree of legendary small dragon with horns Qu Duozi, during February October in the first year to next year, excavate, as original stub, standby;
(ii), stub finishing:
(1), ramose root finishing: standby original stub is blocked to the lateral root of main root and Zhi Jing≤5cm, the fibrous root length of reservation is controlled at 6-18cm, then, doing branch holds back, removes rotten branch and prune wooden fork branch, retaining whole stake is highly 30-60cm, becomes finishing stub, standby;
(2), cut mouth: according to potted landscape design, on standby finishing stub, need grafting part, cut mouth to phloem, cutting mouthful length is 1-5cm; Then, with Nutrition Soil one, cover and cut mouth, cladding thickness is 2-9cm, then ties up with plastic sack bag, becomes and cuts a mouthful stub, standby;
The compound method of described Nutrition Soil one is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight sucrose 5-10 part, amino acid/11 0-25 part, vitamin 0.5-1.8 part, sodium chloride 0.05-0.16 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.25-0.6 part, compoiste fertilizer 0.1-0.35 part, sheep bone meal 2.5-4.8 part, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.2 part, tea shell ash 10-15 part, surplus is woodland table soil, add up to 100 parts, standby;
Described vitamin is that one or more in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B complex mix, and when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
2., preparation: first appropriate soft water is heated to 32-46 ℃, then, standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin, sodium chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate are added in soft water in order successively, limit edged stirs, after it all dissolves, then add 2/3 of standby, woodland table soil weight, stir evenly, place, be down to normal temperature; Then, standby compoiste fertilizer, sheep bone meal, magnesium sulfate, tea shell ash are added, limit edged stirs, and mixes; By 1/3 of remaining woodland table soil weight, slowly add again, to hold material slightly moisture overflow;
(3), slurry root: the standby root of cutting mouthful stub is placed in to muddy water slurry, places 10-16h, taking-up is positioned over shady and cool place, becomes slurry root stub, standby;
The compound method of described muddy water slurry is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: getting respectively by weight and urging root liquid 12-25 part, superphosphate 1.5-3.0 part, topsin solution 3-7 part, water 20-35 part, surplus is loam, adds up to 100 parts, standby;
The described root liquid of urging is that commercially available root-inducing powder water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 100-180ppm;
Described topsin solution is that commercially available topsin water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 45-95ppm;
2., preparation: first standby water is warmed to 40-50 ℃, then adds superphosphate, after dissolving completely, then add and urge root liquid, stir evenly, become mixed liquor; By 1/3 of standby loam weight, mix with dropping in mixer together with standby topsin solution, then it is slowly joined in above-mentioned mixed liquor, limit edged stirs, and then by 2/3 of remaining loam weight, slowly adds, limit edged stirs, and stirs pulp;
(iii), transplant:
, flowerpot fills: first in the bottom for the treatment of transplant flower pot, fill out by earth: the bed material that the part by weight of lime: fine sand=1:0.5:3-4.5 forms, thickness is 1-3cm; With Nutrition Soil two, fill up again the 1/3-2/3 of the remaining capacity of flowerpot, become filling flowerpot, standby;
The compound method of described Nutrition Soil two is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight decomposed dung 20-35 part, wood sawdust 5-8 part, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or fishbone dust 5-8 part, edible mushroom waste offcuts 5-8 part, biological organic fertilizer 3.5-6.5 part, the microbial function 1.5-2.5 of group part, woodland table soil 40-60 part, standby;
Described microbial function group is that one or more in azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, bacillus mix, and when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
2., preparation: standby decomposed dung, wood sawdust, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or fishbone dust, edible mushroom waste offcuts are dropped in mixer and mixed together, and be processed into Ultramicro-powder through micronizer, then add microbial function group, stir evenly, add water and regulate its water content to 15-28%, become nutritional agents; Standby woodland table soil is mixed together with biological organic fertilizer again, then above-mentioned nutritional agents is added wherein, limit edged stirs, after mixing;
(2), potted plant: first with thermometer, to test the temperature of Nutrition Soil two in standby filling flowerpot, when the temperature stabilization of Nutrition Soil two is when more than 18 ℃, standby slurry root stub is transplanted in the Nutrition Soil two of filling flowerpot, compacting, water normal root water, become transplant flower pot, standby;
(3), vernalization: when temperature maintains between 20-28 ℃, every 6-15 days, transplant flower pot is watered to water one time, water the 10-15% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 15-26 days, amount of application is the 1.5-5% of transplant flower pot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 3-7 days, water one time water, water the 15-22% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 7-15 days, amount of application is the 1.5-5% of transplant flower pot volume; Until stub in transplant flower pot recovers growth situation, new slightly Chang Du≤15cm, other are by normal pot culture technology management;
Described vernalization fertilizer is by decomposed dung: the part by weight of phosphate fertilizer: sulphate: water=6:4:0.15:30-50 mixes, and is diluted to slurry;
Described sulphate is a kind of in magnesium sulfate, zinc sulphate, sodium sulphate or two kinds or three kinds, and when being two kinds or three kinds, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
(iv), grafting:
(1), scion is chosen: in existing oil tea forest land, select the tea oil tree of growing way stalwartness to set as scion, select from it branch annual, that be 4-7cm with above axillalry bud, a length, by its bottom by becoming the angle of 45-60 ° to cut interface with newborn spray, then at 28-38 ℃, with nutrient solution, soak 6-8h, become scion to be grafted;
Amino acid solution 2-4 part that described nutrient solution is is 12-18% by concentration, plant polyose aqueous solution 1-4 part that concentration is 5-10%, plant hormone regulated agent aqueous solution 1-2 part that concentration is 25-50ppm mix;
, cut anvil: the sprouting of, bud slightly Chang Du≤15 cm that grafting part newly grows by needing top slightly by with bud slightly become the angle of 30-45 ° cut length be 0.5-1.5cm, the degree of depth be bud diameter 1/4-1/2 cut mouth, become anvil mouth;
(iv), grafting:
(1), scion is chosen: in existing oil tea forest land, select the tea oil tree of growing way stalwartness to set as scion, select from it branch annual, that be 4-7cm with above axillalry bud, a length, its bottom is cut to interface according to a conventional method, then at 28-38 ℃, with nutrient solution, soak 6-8h, become scion to be grafted;
Amino acid solution 2-4 part that described nutrient solution is is 12-18% by concentration, plant polyose aqueous solution 1-4 part that concentration is 5-10%, plant hormone regulated agent aqueous solution 1-2 part that concentration is 25-50ppm mix;
(2), cut anvil: the sprouting of, bud slightly Chang Du≤15cm that grafting part newly grows by needing top slightly cuts and cuts mouth by method, becomes anvil mouth;
(3), grafting: scion to be grafted is embedded to anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with film around parcel, and the width of parcel is advisable to surpass the upper and lower 2-3.5cm of interface, then, clutches with thin aluminum top cover, becomes grafting flowerpot;
(v), management:
(1), illumination management: grafting flowerpot is put into the shed of wide 1-1.5m, long 1.5-6 rice, covered film; During fine day, at 7-10 point in the morning, film is opened, allowed flowerpot accept comprehensive illumination; In at 10 in the morning, to point in afternoons 4, add a cover sunshade net, maintenance light transmittance is 35-50%, and temperature of shed maintains 20-32 ℃, and relative moisture is 50-75%, afternoon 4 bonnet upper films; After scion growth is stable, grafting flowerpot is moved to outdoor, during note interface nursing and except sprouting;
(2), water management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 6-15 days, grafting flowerpot is watered to water one time, water the 10-15% that the water yield is grafting flowerpot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 3-7 days, water one time water, water the water yield by the 15-22% of grafting flowerpot volume;
(3), fertilizing management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 6-12 days, grafting flowerpot is executed once by compoiste fertilizer: the growth fertilizer that the part by weight of decomposed dung=3:1 forms, amount of application is the 0.7-1.5% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot first, and each fertilising later increases progressively in the ratio of 10-15%; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 4-7 days, execute a secondary growth fertilizer, each amount of application is the 0.2-0.8% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot;
(vi), pruning: by the stable grafting flowerpot of growth, by potted landscape design prune, moulding, large tea oil tree potted landscape.
Described Nutrition Soil one is formulated by 0.15 part, 3.2 parts of 0.2 part of 0.35 part of 0.1 part, 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 20 parts, 8 parts of sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Cobastab, sodium chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, compoiste fertilizer, sheep bone meal, magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of tea shell ashes, 55 parts, woodland table soil by weight.
Described Nutrition Soil two is formulated by 6 parts of 28 parts of decomposed dungs, wood sawdusts, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or 7 parts of fishbone dusts, 7 parts of edible mushroom waste offcutses, 5 parts of biological organic fertilizers, 0.4 part, azotobacter, 0.4 part of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of rhizobium, 0.4 part of bacillus, 45 parts, woodland table soil by weight.
Described muddy water slurry be by by weight urge 18 parts of root liquid, 2 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of topsins, 30 parts, water, 45 parts of loam formulated.
Described plant hormone regulated agent is that 4-chloro-ly draws indolylbutyric acid, draws one or more in diindyl butyric acid, asccharin, gibberellin, potassium chloride and mix, and when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio.
The breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape of the present invention, selects adult tea oil tree as original stub, adopt the healthy and strong scionwood of growing way to carry out grafting, thereby the output cycle is short; Meanwhile, prepared special-purpose Nutrition Soil one, Nutrition Soil and muddy water slurry and vernalization fertilizer, can impel preferably original stub and cladus rudiment, take root and grow, therefore its survival rate is higher; In addition, its whole cultivating process has formed the operating process of standardization, and therefore, breeding method of the present invention is applicable to mass and cultivates.According to test, adopt the breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape of the present invention to cultivate large tea oil tree potted landscape, its output cycle is 2-3, survival rate reaches 94%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplifying, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape of the present invention, its cultivating process is as follows:
One, various auxiliary materials are equipped with:
(i), the preparation of Nutrition Soil one:
Its compound method is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight 8 parts of sucrose, 20 parts, amino acid, 0.25 part of vitamin A, 0.25 part of vitamin D, 0.25 part of vitamin E, 0.25 part of Cobastab, 0.1 part, sodium chloride, 0.35 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of compoiste fertilizer, 3.2 parts of sheep bone meal, 0.15 part, magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of tea shell ashes, 55 parts, woodland table soil, add up to 100 parts, standby;
2., preparation: first appropriate soft water is heated to 32-46 ℃, then, standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Cobastab, sodium chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate are added in soft water in order successively, limit edged stirs, after it all dissolves, then add 2/3 of standby, woodland table soil weight, stir evenly, place, be down to normal temperature; Then, standby compoiste fertilizer, sheep bone meal, magnesium sulfate, tea shell ash are added, limit edged stirs, and mixes; By 1/3 of remaining woodland table soil weight, slowly add again, to hold material slightly moisture overflow Nutrition Soil one, standby;
(ii), the preparation of Nutrition Soil two:
Its compound method is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight 28 parts of decomposed dungs, 6 parts of wood sawdusts, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or 7 parts of fishbone dusts, 7 parts of edible mushroom waste offcutses, 5 parts of biological organic fertilizers, 0.4 part, azotobacter, 0.4 part of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of rhizobium, 0.4 part of bacillus, 45 parts, woodland table soil, add up to 100 parts, standby;
2., preparation: standby decomposed dung, wood sawdust, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or fishbone dust, edible mushroom waste offcuts are dropped in mixer and mixed together, and be processed into Ultramicro-powder through micronizer, then add microbial function group, stir evenly, add water and regulate its water content to 15-28%, become nutritional agents; Standby woodland table soil is mixed together with biological organic fertilizer again, then above-mentioned nutritional agents is added wherein, limit edged stirs, after mixing Nutrition Soil two, standby;
(iii), the preparation of muddy water slurry:
Its compound method is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight and urge 18 parts of root liquid, 2 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of topsins, 30 parts, water, 45 parts of loam, add up to 100 parts, standby;
The root liquid of urging is wherein that commercially available root-inducing powder water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 150ppm;
Topsin solution is wherein that commercially available topsin water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 70ppm;
2., preparation: first standby water is warmed to 40-50 ℃, then adds superphosphate, after dissolving completely, then add and urge root liquid, stir evenly, become mixed liquor; By 1/3 of standby loam weight, mix with dropping in mixer together with standby topsin solution, then it is slowly joined in above-mentioned mixed liquor, limit edged stirs, then by 2/3 of remaining loam weight, slowly add, limit edged stirs, stir pulp muddy water slurry, standby;
(iv), the preparation of vernalization fertilizer:
By decomposed dung: phosphate fertilizer: sulphate: the part by weight that water is pressed 6:4:0.15:40 mixes, be diluted to slurry vernalization fertile, standby; Sulphate is wherein to wait magnesium sulfate, zinc sulphate, the sodium sulphate of weight portion to mix;
(v), the preparation of nutrient solution:
2 parts of 3 parts of the plant polyose aqueous solution that 3 parts of the amino acid solutions that is 15% by concentration, concentration are 8%, the gibberellin aqueous solution that concentration is 40ppm mix nutrient solution, standby;
(vi), the preparation of bed material:
By earth: lime: the part by weight that fine sand is pressed 1:0.5:3.5 mixes, and becomes bed material, standby;
(vii), the preparation of growth fertilizer:
By compoiste fertilizer: the part by weight that decomposed dung is pressed 3:1 mixes, and becomes growth fertilizer, standby;
Two, cultivating process;
(i), stub chooses: choose and have experienced all sorts of hardships or the age of tree 10 years is above, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 12-16cm, shape are peculiar, the tea oil tree of legendary small dragon with horns Qu Duozi, during January to February, excavate, as original stub, standby;
(ii), stub finishing:
(1), ramose root finishing: standby original stub is blocked to the lateral root of main root and Zhi Jing≤5cm, the fibrous root length of reservation is controlled at 10-15cm, then, doing branch holds back, removes rotten branch and prune wooden fork branch, retaining whole stake is highly 40-50cm, becomes finishing stub, standby;
(2), cut mouth: according to potted landscape design, on standby finishing stub, need grafting part, cut mouth to phloem, cutting mouthful length is 2-3cm; Then, with Nutrition Soil one, cover and cut mouth, cladding thickness is 4-6cm, then ties up with plastic sack bag, becomes and cuts a mouthful stub, standby;
(3), slurry root: the standby root of cutting mouthful stub is placed in to muddy water slurry, places 12-14h, taking-up is positioned over shady and cool place, becomes slurry root stub, standby;
(iii), transplant:
(1), flowerpot is filled: first in the bottom for the treatment of transplant flower pot, fill out the bed material that thickness is 2cm; With Nutrition Soil two, fill up 1/2 of the remaining capacity of flowerpot again, become filling flowerpot, standby;
(2), potted plant: first with thermometer, to test the temperature of Nutrition Soil two in standby filling flowerpot, when the temperature stabilization of Nutrition Soil two is when more than 18 ℃, standby slurry root stub is transplanted in the Nutrition Soil two of filling flowerpot, compacting, water normal root water, become transplant flower pot, standby;
(3), vernalization: when temperature maintains between 20-28 ℃, every 8-12 days, transplant flower pot is watered to water one time, water the 12-13% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 18-24 days, amount of application is the 2.5-3.5% of transplant flower pot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 4-6 days, water one time water, water the 18-20% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 9-12 days, amount of application is the 2.5-3.5% of transplant flower pot volume; Until stub in transplant flower pot recovers growth situation, new slightly Chang Du≤15cm, other are by normal pot culture technology management;
(iv), grafting:
(1), scion is chosen: in existing oil tea forest land, select the tea oil tree of growing way stalwartness to set as scion, select from it branch annual, that be 5-6cm with above axillalry bud, a length, its bottom is cut to interface according to a conventional method, then at 28-38 ℃, with nutrient solution, soak 7h, become scion to be grafted;
(2), cut anvil: the sprouting of, bud slightly Chang Du≤15cm that grafting part newly grows by needing top slightly cuts and cuts mouth by method, becomes anvil mouth;
(3), grafting: scion to be grafted is embedded to anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with film around parcel, and the width of parcel is advisable to surpass the upper and lower 3cm of interface, then, clutches with thin aluminum top cover, becomes grafting flowerpot;
(v), management:
(1), illumination management: grafting flowerpot is put into wide 1.2m, grown the shed of 4 meters, cover film; During fine day, at 7-10 point in the morning, film is opened, allowed flowerpot accept comprehensive illumination; In at 10 in the morning, to point in afternoons 4, add a cover sunshade net, keeping light transmittance is 45%, and temperature of shed maintains 20-32 ℃, and relative moisture is 50-75%, afternoon 4 bonnet upper films; After scion growth is stable, grafting flowerpot is moved to outdoor, during note interface nursing and except sprouting;
(2), water management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 8-12 days, grafting flowerpot is watered to water one time, water the 12-13% that the water yield is grafting flowerpot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 4-6 days, water one time water, water the water yield by the 18-20% of grafting flowerpot volume;
(3), fertilizing management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 8-10 days, grafting flowerpot is executed to a secondary growth fertilizer, amount of application is the 1-1.2% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot first, and each fertilising later increases progressively in the ratio of 12-13%; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 5-6 days, execute a secondary growth fertilizer, each amount of application is the 0.4-0.6% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot;
(vi), pruning: by the stable grafting flowerpot of growth, by potted landscape design prune, moulding, large tea oil tree potted landscape.
The breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape of the present invention, both can the large tea oil tree potted landscape of quickly breeding, also can other evergreen tree potted landscape of quickly breeding.
Claims (5)
1. a breeding method for large tea oil tree potted landscape, is characterized in that cultivating process is as follows:
(i), stub chooses: choose and have experienced all sorts of hardships or the age of tree 10 years is above, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-40cm, shape are peculiar, the tea oil tree of legendary small dragon with horns Qu Duozi, during February October in the first year to next year, excavate, as original stub, standby;
(ii), stub finishing:
(1), ramose root finishing: standby original stub is blocked to the lateral root of main root and Zhi Jing≤5cm, the fibrous root length of reservation is controlled at 6-18cm, then, doing branch holds back, removes rotten branch and prune wooden fork branch, retaining whole stake is highly 30-60cm, becomes finishing stub, standby;
(2), cut mouth: according to potted landscape design, on standby finishing stub, need grafting part, cut mouth to phloem, cutting mouthful length is 1-5cm; Then, with Nutrition Soil one, cover and cut mouth, cladding thickness is 2-9cm, then ties up with plastic sack bag, becomes and cuts a mouthful stub, standby;
The compound method of described Nutrition Soil one is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight sucrose 5-10 part, amino acid/11 0-25 part, vitamin 0.5-1.8 part, sodium chloride 0.05-0.16 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.25-0.6 part, compoiste fertilizer 0.1-0.35 part, sheep bone meal 2.5-4.8 part, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.2 part, tea shell ash 10-15 part, surplus is woodland table soil, add up to 100 parts, standby;
Described vitamin is that one or more in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B complex mix, and when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
2., preparation: first appropriate soft water is heated to 32-46 ℃, then, standby sucrose, amino acid, vitamin, sodium chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate are added in soft water in order successively, limit edged stirs, after it all dissolves, then add 2/3 of standby, woodland table soil weight, stir evenly, place, be down to normal temperature; Then, standby compoiste fertilizer, sheep bone meal, magnesium sulfate, tea shell ash are added, limit edged stirs, and mixes; By 1/3 of remaining woodland table soil weight, slowly add again, to hold material slightly moisture overflow;
(3), slurry root: the standby root of cutting mouthful stub is placed in to muddy water slurry, places 10-16h, taking-up is positioned over shady and cool place, becomes slurry root stub, standby;
The compound method of described muddy water slurry is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: getting respectively by weight and urging root liquid 12-25 part, superphosphate 1.5-3.0 part, topsin solution 3-7 part, water 20-35 part, surplus is loam, adds up to 100 parts, standby;
The described root liquid of urging is that commercially available root-inducing powder water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 100-180ppm;
Described topsin solution is that commercially available topsin water is dissolved into the solution that concentration is 45-95ppm;
2., preparation: first standby water is warmed to 40-50 ℃, then adds superphosphate, after dissolving completely, then add and urge root liquid, stir evenly, become mixed liquor; By 1/3 of standby loam weight, mix with dropping in mixer together with standby topsin solution, then it is slowly joined in above-mentioned mixed liquor, limit edged stirs, and then by 2/3 of remaining loam weight, slowly adds, limit edged stirs, and stirs pulp;
(iii), transplant:
, flowerpot fills: first in the bottom for the treatment of transplant flower pot, fill out by earth: the bed material that the part by weight of lime: fine sand=1:0.5:3-4.5 forms, thickness is 1-3cm; With Nutrition Soil two, fill up again the 1/3-2/3 of the remaining capacity of flowerpot, become filling flowerpot, standby;
The compound method of described Nutrition Soil two is as follows:
1., get the raw materials ready: get respectively by weight decomposed dung 20-35 part, wood sawdust 5-8 part, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or fishbone dust 5-8 part, edible mushroom waste offcuts 5-8 part, biological organic fertilizer 3.5-6.5 part, the microbial function 1.5-2.5 of group part, woodland table soil 40-60 part, standby;
Described microbial function group is that one or more in azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, bacillus mix, and when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
2., preparation: standby decomposed dung, wood sawdust, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or fishbone dust, edible mushroom waste offcuts are dropped in mixer and mixed together, and be processed into Ultramicro-powder through micronizer, then add microbial function group, stir evenly, add water and regulate its water content to 15-28%, become nutritional agents; Standby woodland table soil is mixed together with biological organic fertilizer again, then above-mentioned nutritional agents is added wherein, limit edged stirs, after mixing;
(2), potted plant: first with thermometer, to test the temperature of Nutrition Soil two in standby filling flowerpot, when the temperature stabilization of Nutrition Soil two is when more than 18 ℃, standby slurry root stub is transplanted in the Nutrition Soil two of filling flowerpot, compacting, water normal root water, become transplant flower pot, standby;
(3), vernalization: when temperature maintains between 20-28 ℃, every 6-15 days, transplant flower pot is watered to water one time, water the 10-15% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 15-26 days, amount of application is the 1.5-5% of transplant flower pot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 3-7 days, water one time water, water the 15-22% that the water yield is transplant flower pot volume, and executed vernalization fertilizer one time every 7-15 days, amount of application is the 1.5-5% of transplant flower pot volume; Until stub in transplant flower pot recovers growth situation, new slightly Chang Du≤15cm, other are by normal pot culture technology management;
Described vernalization fertilizer is by decomposed dung: the part by weight of phosphate fertilizer: sulphate: water=6:4:0.15:30-50 mixes, and is diluted to slurry;
Described sulphate is a kind of in magnesium sulfate, zinc sulphate, sodium sulphate or two kinds or three kinds, and when being two kinds or three kinds, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio;
(iv), grafting:
(1), scion is chosen: in existing oil tea forest land, select the tea oil tree of growing way stalwartness to set as scion, select from it branch annual, that be 4-7cm with above axillalry bud, a length, its bottom is cut to interface according to a conventional method, then at 28-38 ℃, with nutrient solution, soak 6-8h, become scion to be grafted;
Amino acid solution 2-4 part that described nutrient solution is is 12-18% by concentration, plant polyose aqueous solution 1-4 part that concentration is 5-10%, plant hormone regulated agent aqueous solution 1-2 part that concentration is 25-50ppm mix;
(2), cut anvil: the sprouting of, bud slightly Chang Du≤15cm that grafting part newly grows by needing top slightly cuts and cuts mouth by method, becomes anvil mouth;
(3), grafting: scion to be grafted is embedded to anvil mouth, aim at and form layer, appearance is with film around parcel, and the width of parcel is advisable to surpass the upper and lower 2-3.5cm of interface, then, clutches with thin aluminum top cover, becomes grafting flowerpot;
(v), management:
(1), illumination management: grafting flowerpot is put into the shed of wide 1-1.5m, long 1.5-6 rice, covered film; During fine day, at 7-10 point in the morning, film is opened, allowed flowerpot accept comprehensive illumination; In at 10 in the morning, to point in afternoons 4, add a cover sunshade net, maintenance light transmittance is 35-50%, and temperature of shed maintains 20-32 ℃, and relative moisture is 50-75%, afternoon 4 bonnet upper films; After scion growth is stable, grafting flowerpot is moved to outdoor, during note interface nursing and except sprouting;
(2), water management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 6-15 days, grafting flowerpot is watered to water one time, water the 10-15% that the water yield is grafting flowerpot volume; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 3-7 days, water one time water, water the water yield by the 15-22% of grafting flowerpot volume;
(3), fertilizing management: when temperature maintains between 15-24 ℃, every 6-12 days, grafting flowerpot is executed once by compoiste fertilizer: the growth fertilizer that the part by weight of decomposed dung=3:1 forms, amount of application is the 0.7-1.5% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot first, and each fertilising later increases progressively in the ratio of 10-15%; When temperature maintains between 28-40 ℃, every 4-7 days, execute a secondary growth fertilizer, each amount of application is the 0.2-0.8% of all soil weights in grafting flowerpot;
(vi), pruning: by the stable grafting flowerpot of growth, by potted landscape design prune, moulding, large tea oil tree potted landscape.
2. the breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Nutrition Soil one is formulated by 0.15 part, 3.2 parts of 0.2 part of 0.35 part of 0.1 part, 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 0.25 part of 20 parts, 8 parts of sucrose, amino acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, Cobastab, sodium chloride, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, compoiste fertilizer, sheep bone meal, magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of tea shell ashes, 55 parts, woodland table soil by weight.
3. the breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Nutrition Soil two is formulated by 6 parts of 28 parts of decomposed dungs, wood sawdusts, domestic animals and fowls bone meal or 7 parts of fishbone dusts, 7 parts of edible mushroom waste offcutses, 5 parts of biological organic fertilizers, 0.4 part, azotobacter, 0.4 part of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 0.4 part of rhizobium, 0.4 part of bacillus, 45 parts, woodland table soil by weight.
4. the breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described muddy water slurry be by by weight urge 18 parts of root liquid, 2 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of topsins, 30 parts, water, 45 parts of loam formulated.
5. the breeding method of large tea oil tree potted landscape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plant hormone regulated agent is that 4-chloro-ly draws indolylbutyric acid, draws one or more in diindyl butyric acid, asccharin, gibberellin, potassium chloride and mix, when being multiple, the weight proportion of each composition is equal portions or other ratio.
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