CN104167170A - 像素电路及其驱动方法和显示装置 - Google Patents
像素电路及其驱动方法和显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种像素电路及其驱动方法和显示装置,该像素电路包括:第一开关单元、第二开关单元、第三开关单元、第四开关单元、第五开关单元、驱动单元、储能单元和电致发光单元。本发明提供的像素电路能够彻底解决由于驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移导致显示亮度不均的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种像素电路及其驱动方法和显示装置。
背景技术
有机发光显示器(OLED)是当今平板显示器研究领域的热点之一,与液晶显示器相比,OLED具有低能耗、生产成本低、自发光、宽视角及响应速度快等优点。目前,在手机、PDA、数码相机等显示领域OLED已经开始取代传统的液晶(LCD)显示屏。像素驱动电路设计是OLED显示器核心技术内容,具有重要的研究意义。
与TFT(薄膜场效应晶体管)-LCD利用稳定的电压控制亮度不同,OLED属于电流驱动,需要稳定的电流来控制发光。
由于工艺制程和器件老化等原因,在原始的2T1C驱动电路(包括两个薄膜场效应晶体管和一个电容)中,各像素点的驱动TFT的阈值电压存在不均匀性,这样就导致了流过每个像素点OLED的电流发生变化使得显示亮度不均,从而影响整个图像的显示效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决显示装置显示亮度不均的问题,并缩减显示装置中用于像素电路的信号线路数目,降低集成电路成本,同时提高显示装置的像素密度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种像素电路,包括第一开关单元、第二开关单元、第三开关单元、第四开关单元、第五开关单元、驱动单元、储能单元和电致发光单元;
第一开关单元的控制端连接到第一扫描信号线,第一端连接到工作电压线,第二端连接到驱动单元的输入端,用于在第一扫描信号线的控制下为所述驱动单元提供工作电压;
第二开关单元控制端连接到第二扫描信号线,第一端连接到驱动单元的控制端,第二端接地,用于在所述第二扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元的控制端的电压置零;
第三开关单元和第四开关单元的控制端连接到第三扫描信号线;第三开关单元的第一端连接到储能单元的第一端,第二端连接到数据电压线,用于在所述第三扫描信号线的控制下将所述数据电压线中的数据电压写入所述储能单元的第一端;第四开关单元的第一端连接到驱动单元的输出端,第二端连接到驱动单元的控制端以及所述储能单元的第二端,用于在所述第三扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元的控制端与输出端相连,并使所述驱动单元的输出端的电压向所述储能单元的第二端充电;
第五开关单元的控制端连接到第四扫描信号线,第一端连接到驱动单元的输出端,第二端与电致发光元件相连,用于在所述第四扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元产生的驱动电流导通到所述电致发光元件。
优选的,各个开关单元和所述驱动单元均为薄膜场效应晶体管,各个开关单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,各个开关单元的第一端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,各个开关单元的第二端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极,所述驱动单元的输入端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,所述驱动单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,所述驱动单元的输出端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极。
优选的,各个薄膜场效应晶体管均为P沟道型。
优选的,所述储能单元为电容。
优选的,所述电致发光单元为有机发光二极管。
优选的,每一帧工作时段均包括充电时段、跳变时段以及发光时段,
在充电时段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第一开关单元、第三开关单元和第四开关单元导通,并在数据电压线施加第一数据电压;
在跳变阶段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第三开关单元和第四开关单元导通,并在数据电压线施加第二数据电压;所述第二数据电压小于所述第一数据电压。
优选的,每一帧工作时段还包括重置时段,在所述重置时段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第二开关单元导通。
优选的,在发光时段,使第一开关单元和第五开关单元导通。
本发明还提供了一种显示装置,包括上述任一项所述的像素电路。
本发明提供的像素电路中,流经电致发光单元的工作电流不受对应的驱动晶体管的阈值电压的影响,彻底解决了由于驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移导致显示亮度不均的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的像素电路的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的像素电路中关键信号的时序图;
图3为本发明实施例中的像素电路在不同时序下的电流流向和电压值的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种像素电路,如图1或图3所示,包括:
五个开关单元T1、T2、T3、T4、T5,一个驱动单元DT,一个储能单元C,一个电致发光单元L;
T1的控制端连接到第一扫描信号线Em,第一端连接到工作电压线Vdd,第二端连接到DT的输入端;
T2的控制端连接到第二扫描信号线Scan[2],第一端连接到DT的控制端,第二端接地;
T3和T4的控制端连接到第三扫描信号线Scan[3];T3的第一端连接到C的第一端a,第二端连接到数据电压线Vdata;T4的第一端连接到DT的输出端,第二端连接到DT的控制端以及与DT控制端相连的C的第二端b;
T5的控制端连接到第四扫描信号线Scan[1],第一端连接到DT的输出端,第二端与L相连。
可以理解的是,本发明中,控制端连接到同一扫描信号线的多个开关单元(连接到Scan[3]的两个开关单元T3和T4)应为同一沟道类型的开关,即同为高电平导通或者同为低电平导通,从而保证连接到同一扫描信号线的两个开关单元的导通或关断状态相同。
本发明提供的像素电路中,流经电致发光单元的工作电流不受对应的驱动晶体管的阈值电压的影响,彻底解决了由于驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移导致显示亮度不均的问题。
优选的,各个开关单元和所述驱动单元均为薄膜场效应晶体管TFT,各个开关单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,各个开关单元的第一端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,各个开关单元的第二端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极,所述驱动单元的输入端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,所述驱动单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,所述驱动单元的输出端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极。
不难理解,这里的驱动单元和开关单元对应的晶体管可以为源漏极可以互换的晶体管,或者根据导通类型的不同,各个开关单元和驱动单元的第一端可能为晶体管的漏极、第二端为晶体管的源极,本领域技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的前提下,对本发明提供的像素电路中各个晶体管进行源漏极的反接所得到的、能够取得与本发明提供的技术方案所能达到的技术效果相同或相似的电路结构同样应落入本发明的保护范围。
进一步的,本发明实施例中,所有各个薄膜场效应晶体管均为P沟道型。使用同一类型的晶体管,能够实现工艺流程的统一,从而提高产品的良品率。本领域技术人员可以理解的是,在实际应用中,各个晶体管的类型也可以不完全相同,比如T3和T4可以同为N沟道型晶体管,也可以为P沟道型晶体管,而T1、T2、T5的开关类型则可以任意。只要能够使控制端连接到同一扫描信号线的两个开关单元的导通/关断状态相同,即可实现本申请提供的技术方案,本发明优选的实施方式不应理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
优选的,所述储能单元C为电容。当然实际应用中,根据设计需要也可以采用其他具有储能功能的元件。
优选的,所述电致发光单元L可以为有机发光二极管(OLED)。当然实际应用中,根据设计需要也可以采用其他具有电致发光功能的元件。
下面结合图2和图3对本发明优选的实施例提供的像素电路的驱动方法进行详细说明,如图2所示为本发明提供的像素电路工作时输入到各个扫描信号线中的扫描信号的时序图,可分为四个阶段,在图2中分别表示为重置阶段W1、充电阶段W2、跳变阶段W3,发光阶段W4,在各个阶段,像素电路的电流流向和电压值分别如图3a、图3b、图3c、图3d所示。为了方便说明,假设各个开关单元均为P沟道型TFT。
在重置阶段W1,如图2所示,Scan[2]为低电平,其他扫描信号线均为高电平,此时T2导通,T1、T3、T4、T5断开,参见图3a,此时b点接地,电势为0V。
在充电阶段W2,如图2所示,Scan[1]和Scan[2]为高电平,其他扫描信号线为低电平,Vdata=Vp,此时T1、T3、T4导通,T2和T5关断,由于在上一阶段b点接地,电势为0,则此时DT打开,Vdd电压线通过如图3b中所示的Lb(T1→DT→T4)开始对b点进行充电,一直将b点充电到Vdd–Vth为止(满足DT栅源两极之间的压差为Vth,Vth为驱动单元DT的阈值电压),该过程中,由于a点接通Vdata信号,电位被置为Vp,所以当充电完毕以后,a、b两点的电位差会一直维持在Vdd–Vth–Vp,另外由于T5的关闭使得电流不会通过L,间接降低了L的寿命损耗。
在跳变阶段W3,如图2所示,Scan[3]为低电平,其他扫描信号线为高电平,此时T3、T4导通,Vdata=Vp-△V,这里的△V可以根据实际控制的需要选择,参见图3c,a点电势变化为Vp-△V,由于b端浮接,Va和Vb实现电压等量跳变(保持原来的压差,原来的压差为Vdd–Vth–Vp),所以b点的电势Vb=Vdd–Vth-△V,并稳定住。
在发光阶段W4,Em和Scan[1]为低电平,Scan[2]和Scan[3]为高电平,此时T1、T5导通。参见图3d,此时,Vdd沿Ld向L供应电流,L发光。
由TFT饱和电流公式可以得到:
IL=K(VGS-Vth)2=K[Vdd-(Vdd-Vth+△V)-Vth]2
=K〃(△V)2
由上式中可以看到此时流经电致发光单元的工作电流不受驱动晶体管阈值电压的影响,只与此时的数据电压Vdata有关。彻底解决了驱动TFT由于工艺制程及长时间的操作造成阈值电压(Vth)漂移的问题,消除其对流经电致发光单元的电流的影响,保证电致发光单元的正常工作。
基于相同的构思,本发明还提供了一种显示装置,包括上述任一项所示的像素电路。
显示装置可以为:电子纸、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种像素电路,其特征在于,包括:第一开关单元、第二开关单元、第三开关单元、第四开关单元、第五开关单元、驱动单元、储能单元和电致发光单元;
第一开关单元的控制端连接到第一扫描信号线,第一端连接到工作电压线,第二端连接到驱动单元的输入端,用于在第一扫描信号线的控制下为所述驱动单元提供工作电压;
第二开关单元控制端连接到第二扫描信号线,第一端连接到驱动单元的控制端,第二端接地,用于在所述第二扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元的控制端的电压置零;
第三开关单元和第四开关单元的控制端连接到第三扫描信号线;第三开关单元的第一端连接到储能单元的第一端,第二端连接到数据电压线,用于在所述第三扫描信号线的控制下将所述数据电压线中的数据电压写入所述储能单元的第一端;第四开关单元的第一端连接到驱动单元的输出端,第二端连接到驱动单元的控制端以及所述储能单元的第二端,用于在所述第三扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元的控制端与输出端相连,并使所述驱动单元的输出端的电压向所述储能单元的第二端充电;
第五开关单元的控制端连接到第四扫描信号线,第一端连接到驱动单元的输出端,第二端与电致发光元件相连,用于在所述第四扫描信号线的控制下将所述驱动单元产生的驱动电流导通到所述电致发光元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的像素电路,其特征在于,各个开关单元和所述驱动单元均为薄膜场效应晶体管,各个开关单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,各个开关单元的第一端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,各个开关单元的第二端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极,所述驱动单元的输入端为薄膜场效应晶体管的源极,所述驱动单元的控制端为薄膜场效应晶体管的栅极,所述驱动单元的输出端为薄膜场效应晶体管的漏极。
3.如权利要求2所述的像素电路,其特征在于,各个薄膜场效应晶体管均为P沟道型。
4.如权利要求1所述的像素电路,其特征在于,所述储能单元为电容。
5.如权利要求1-4其中任一项所述的像素电路,其特征在于,所述电致发光单元为有机发光二极管。
6.一种驱动如权利要求1-5任一项所述的像素电路的方法,其特征在于,每一帧工作时段均包括充电时段、跳变时段以及发光时段,
在充电时段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第一开关单元、第三开关单元和第四开关单元导通,并在数据电压线施加第一数据电压;
在跳变阶段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第三开关单元和第四开关单元导通,并在数据电压线施加第二数据电压;所述第二数据电压小于所述第一数据电压。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,每一帧工作时段还包括重置时段,在所述重置时段,在扫描信号线施加扫描电压仅使第二开关单元导通。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在发光时段,使第一开关单元和第五开关单元导通。
9.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-5任一项所述的像素电路。
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