CN104136715B

CN104136715B - Method and system for managing the gap in piston-mode motor

Info

Publication number: CN104136715B
Application number: CN201280069298.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·斯维塞克; J·劳勒; S·米勒
Original assignee: Etagen Inc
Current assignee: Manspring Energy Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2011-12-29
Filing date: 2012-12-21
Publication date: 2017-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-21
Also published as: WO2013101784A1; IN2014KN01359A; WO2013101786A1; CN104136715A; EP2798155A1; MX354585B; MX2014008148A; JP2015503700A; IN2014KN01358A; MX350984B; CN104145084B; WO2013101787A1; MX2014007994A; CN104145084A; WO2013101785A1; EP2798154A1; JP2015506435A

Abstract

A kind of piston-mode motor can include outwards transmitting the heating tube of heat from a part such as burning zone of the piston-mode motor.Heating tube can be included as piston component, cylinder or the two part.Heating tube can be filled with suitably, can undergo the heating pipe fluid of phase transformation, such as water, ethanol, ammoniacal liquor, sodium, other fluids or its combination.Boiling and condensation of the fluid in heating tube can utilize latent heat of the fluid during conducting heat.Many heating tubes can be used in some cases.

Description

Method and system for managing the gap in piston-mode motor

Background technology

With the compression ratio increase of engine, specific Bore-to-Stroke Ratio (bore-to-stroke ratio) is being kept Meanwhile, surface to volume ratio (surface to volume ratio) increase, temperature rise and pressure rise at top dead centre (TDC) place. So there are three kinds of main consequences：1) the heat transfer increase from combustion chamber, 2) combustion becomes difficult, and 3) friction and Mechanical loss increase.Because thermal boundary layer with TDC aspect ratio (namely the length of cylinder barrel diameter and combustion chamber it Than) diminish and become a bigger part for total measurement (volume), so increase of conducting heat.Combustion and realize completely burning all because TDC realize small volume and exist challenge.The rise of chamber pressure is converted into the work acted on engine components Increase firmly.These big active forces can cause the mechanical fastener (such as piston pin, piston rod, bent axle) in engine With pressure energized sealing ring overload, thus cause to rub, wear and tear and/or failure increase.

The significant challenge associated with linear piston formula engine is the kinetic energy of piston being efficiently converted into mechanical work And/or electric energy.Space (herein referred to as " gap ") between piston and cylinder wall be to maintain piston align, avoid piston and Cylinder wall is contacted and related friction loss and the crucial institute for controlling the gas leakage (such as blow-by gas) by piston .Gap can by act on the influence of unbalance power on piston, thermic expansion or shrinkage (such as solid deformation), change Engine condition or other correlative factor and be affected.Gap, piston temperature, temperature cylinder or its management combined are at certain Can be desirable in a little applications.

The content of the invention

In certain embodiments, a kind of piston-mode motor can include piston and cylinder assembly, the piston and cylinder Component can include FDB in the gap between the cylinder barrel and piston component of cylinder.Piston component can be in cylinder barrel axis To translation, and piston area can towards the end thereof contacts cylinder of cylinder burning zone.At least one bearing element can be provided The bearing fluid flowed into the gap between cylinder barrel and piston component is to form FDB.In certain embodiments, bearing Element can be radially outer flowing of the part there is provided bearing fluid of piston component, and piston component can include Fluid passage for guiding bearing fluid.In certain embodiments, bearing element can be that there is provided bearing for the part of cylinder The radially inner flowing of fluid, and cylinder can include the fluid passage for guiding bearing fluid.Bearing element can be with Including hole, jet face, other any suitable fluid issuings or its any combination for providing bearing fluid to gap.

In certain embodiments, a kind of piston-mode motor can include piston and cylinder assembly, the piston and cylinder Component is included with the piston and cylinder from feature placed in the middle.Piston can be configured to the axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.

In certain embodiments, piston can be a part for the piston component of axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.Gas Cylinder can include that the burning zone of combustion product can be included.Blow-by gas from burning zone can axially flow out from burning zone, By piston area, the gap between piston and cylinder is flowed through.Can be using the flowing of blow-by gas on piston from feature placed in the middle There is provided from active force placed in the middle.Can be step, one or more slot type recesses, tapered portion, other any conjunctions from feature placed in the middle Suitable feature or its any combination.

In certain embodiments, a kind of piston-mode motor can include the piston group with one or more heating tube Part.Piston component can be configured to the axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.Cylinder can include can be comprising combustion product Burning zone, and correspondingly the piston area of piston component can be subjected to the rise of temperature.In certain embodiments, heating tube can be with With piston thermal contact, and can also from piston towards heat container transmit heat.The Part I of heating tube can be from piston Face receives heat, and the Part II of heating tube can transmit heat to heat container.Heating tube can include fluid such as water, Ethanol, ammoniacal liquor or the sodium that gas-liquid phase conversion can be undergone.

In certain embodiments, a kind of piston-mode motor can include being configured to be coaxially located at piston engine Cylinder jacket in the cylinder of machine.Cylinder jacket can include can be with that can form gap by the piston component of axial translation in cylinder jacket Inner surface.Cylinder jacket can also include the outer surface docked with the cylinder of piston-mode motor.Between outer surface and cylinder Docking can include the fluid passage that can be used as pipeline used in pressure controlled fluid.Cylinder jacket can be configured at least partly Ground it is possible thereby to adjusts gap based on pressure controlled fluid radial contraction or expansion.

In certain embodiments, a kind of piston-mode motor can include one or more fluid passage, be configured to Cylinder is provided local, selectivity, quick response or otherwise controlled is heated or cooled.It is supplied to fluid to lead to Flow velocity, temperature, pressure or its combination in road can be adjusted to control the temperature of piston-mode motor by control system.In some realities Apply in example, cylinder can include one or more local heat sources for example can be controlled to provide the one of local heating by control system Individual or multiple electric heaters.

In some embodiments it is possible to control the gap between piston component coaxial in piston-mode motor and cylinder. At least one index such as temperature, pressure, work(interaction (work can be detected using one or more sensors Interaction) and/or gap other suitable indexs.Control response can be based at least partially on institute by processing equipment Index is stated to determine.Processing equipment can use control interface to be based at least partially on control response to piston-mode motor At least one accessory system provides control signal.At least one accessory system can be based at least partially between control signal regulation Gap.

Brief description of the drawings

The above and other feature of the disclosure, its substantive and various advantage will be considered in conjunction with the accompanying following detailed description Become more fully apparent afterwards, in the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, the piston according to some implementations of the disclosure Formula engine has the integrated linear electromagnetic machine that piston component, gas spring and the part as cylinder are included (LEM)；

Fig. 2 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, the piston according to some implementations of the disclosure Formula engine has piston component, gas spring and integrated linear electromagnetic machine (LEM)；

Fig. 3 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, the piston according to some implementations of the disclosure Formula engine, which has, includes the piston component, single gas spring and integrated LEM of two pistons；

Fig. 4 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, the piston according to some implementations of the disclosure Formula engine has two piston components, single gas spring and two integrated LEM；

Fig. 5 is illustrated the part having from feature placed in the middle of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure Perspective view；

Fig. 6 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder, wherein blowby according to some implementations of the disclosure Gas comes from burning zone；

Fig. 7 is illustrated the sectional view of the exemplary piston component and cylinder in Fig. 6 according to some implementations of the disclosure, its Middle piston component is eccentric；

Fig. 8 is illustrated the sectional view of the exemplary piston component and cylinder in Fig. 6 according to some implementations of the disclosure, its Middle piston component is placed in the middle；

Fig. 9 is illustrated the sectional view of a part for exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure, The piston-mode motor has piston component, and the piston component, which has, can help its feature placed in the middle；

Its piston component that Figure 10 is illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure has recessed Sectional view of the mouth formula from a part for feature placed in the middle；

Its piston component that Figure 11 is illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure has platform Sectional view of the stepwise from a part for feature placed in the middle；

Its piston component that Figure 12 is illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure has gradually Sectional view of the contracting formula from a part for feature placed in the middle；

Figure 13 is illustrated its bearing element tool porose one of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure Partial perspective view；

Figure 14 is illustrated one with porous bearing element of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure Partial perspective view；

Figure 15 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure, and wherein FDB is passed through Wear piston component；

Figure 16 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder, wherein fluid according to some implementations of the disclosure Bearing runs through piston component；

Figure 17 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder, wherein fluid according to some implementations of the disclosure Bearing runs through cylinder；

Figure 18 is illustrated the sectional view of the exemplary device of piston component and cylinder according to some implementations of the disclosure, its In have FDB and the translating element including fluid passage；

Figure 19 is illustrated the sectional view of the exemplary device of piston component and cylinder according to some implementations of the disclosure, its In have FDB and check-valves；

Figure 20 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder according to some implementations of the disclosure, wherein heating Pipe is included as a part for piston component；

Figure 21 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure, and wherein heating tube is by interior The space in portion is formed；

Figure 22 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, the piston according to some implementations of the disclosure Formula engine includes piston component and the cylinder with coolant channel and heating tube；

Figure 23 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder, wherein cylinder according to some implementations of the disclosure With deformable cylinder jacket；

Figure 24 is illustrated the sectional view of the exemplary piston component and cylinder in Figure 23 according to some implementations of the disclosure, Wherein deformable cylinder jacket experience deformation；

Figure 25 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component and cylinder, wherein cylinder according to some implementations of the disclosure Deformable cylinder jacket with segmentation；

Figure 26 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, wherein piston type according to some implementations of the disclosure Engine has deformable cylinder jacket；

Figure 27 is illustrated leading to Local cooling agent for exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure The sectional view of the part in road；

Figure 28 is illustrated leading to Local cooling agent for exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure The sectional view of the part in road；

Figure 29 is illustrated one with local heat source of exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure Partial sectional view, the local heat source includes electric heater；

Figure 30 is illustrated the sectional view of a part for exemplary piston-mode motor according to some implementations of the disclosure, its Include being used for heating, cool down or above two purposes fluid passage；

Figure 31 is illustrated the with bearing element and certainly placed in the middle of exemplary piston component according to some implementations of the disclosure The perspective view of a part for feature；

Figure 32 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor, piston therein according to some implementations of the disclosure Component has bearing element, heating tube and from feature placed in the middle, and cylinder therein has deformable cylinder jacket and cooling agent Passage；

Figure 33 is the block diagram for the exemplary control device for being used for piston-mode motor according to some embodiments of the disclosure；

Figure 34 is the exemplary steps in the gap for being used for regulating piston formula engine according to some embodiments of the disclosure Flow chart；And

Figure 35 is showing for one or more properties of regulating piston formula engine according to some embodiments of the disclosure The flow chart of plasticity step.

Embodiment

This disclosure relates to manage gap and/or other properties of piston-mode motor.Although in free piston engine Background under discuss, but presently disclosed technology and device can be applied to non-free piston-mode motor or other conjunctions Suitable mechanical system.Term " piston-mode motor " herein should represent free-piston type and non-free in the form of piston start Machine.

The piston-mode motor worked using any appropriate thermodynamic cycle can include being used to realize displacement acting Piston and cylinder assembly.Piston and cylinder can be separated by relatively small gap, and piston is in the cylinder barrel interior axle of cylinder To translation.In certain embodiments, piston can be included as the part of " piston component ", and piston component can also include One or more piston seals (such as piston ring), bearing element, framework, piston rod, translating element and/or miscellaneous part, this A little parts can be moved uniformly in cylinder barrel at least in part as the component of substantially rigid.Gap is along piston component or its portion The radial periphery of part can be constant or change (for example gap can be by thickness value, numerical curve or codomain, and/or right What is claimed measures to describe).Cylinder can include burning zone, can be by oxidant (such as air, foul atmosphere, oxygen) and fuel (HC fuel of such as gaseous state or liquid) respectively or as the mixture being pre-mixed is sent into burning zone.High-temp combustion is produced The expansion of thing promotes piston displacement.Can be mutual using mechanical fastener (such as utilizing piston rod and the component of bent axle), electromagnetism Effect (for example utilizing the linear electromagnetic machine (LEM) with translating element and stator as described in this disclosure), air pressure connector (for example utilizing two pistons interacted by middle gas volume), other any suitable acting technologies or its Meaning combination does work by the motion of piston.Work can also be utilized to the compression of air and/or fuel by piston-cylinder assemblies The motion of plug is realized.In certain embodiments, work done during compression can be provided by both gas actuating device, LEM or above-mentioned.

Fig. 1-4 shows the piston-mode motor for the teaching that can benefit from the disclosure.It should be understood that except accompanying drawing In show and the piston-mode motor introduced herein beyond, the teaching of the disclosure can also be applied to that any other are suitable living Plug engine.Although it should also be understood that do not show that in figures 1-4, piston-mode motor can include it is a kind of or Many subsystems such as cooling subsystem, air conveying system, fuel delivery system, igniting subsystem, gas extraction system, electronics control System processed and/or other suitable subsystems, and term " piston-mode motor " can represent suitable part and subsystem Set.

Fig. 1 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 100, the work according to some implementations of the disclosure Plug engine has piston component 110, gas spring 148 and integrated linear electromagnetic machine (LEM) 160.Piston engine Machine 100 includes cylinder 140 and piston component 110 with cylinder barrel 134 and burning zone 130.In the illustrated embodiment, piston Component 110 includes two piston areas 112, piston seal 114 and 115 and translating element 116.Although not showing that in Fig. 1, But piston component 110 can include bearing element, piston rod, other any suitable parts or its arbitrary combination.In figure In the embodiment shown, piston component 110 is fully located in the cylinder barrel 134 of cylinder 140, and is configured to substantially along axis 150 translations.As shown in figure 1, cylinder 140 includes exhaust/injection tip 170 (being used to discharge waste gas and/or injection reactant), entered Gas port 180 (be used for input air and/or air/fuel mixture) and driving gas ports 190 (be used to supply and/or Discharge driving gas).Piston-mode motor 100 can utilize two-stroke circulation, four-stroke cycle, other any suitable circulations Or its arbitrary combination carrys out work.In certain embodiments shock plate 108 can be included to help for example to support during burning Shock resistance.Valve and/or other fluidic component can with but be not necessarily used for any or whole port 170,180 and 190 To control fluid to the inflow of piston-mode motor 100 and the outflow from piston-mode motor 100.

Cylinder 140 can include being burnt wherein, the branch 132 of gas expansion and exhaust, can be wherein Carry out the part 168 of electromagnetic work interaction and the part 178 of gas-powered and gas spring effect can be played wherein. Various pieces 132,168 and 178 can depend on the cylinder barrel 134 of construction and piston component 110 in cylinder 140 of cylinder 140 In position.As shown in figure 1, cylinder can be included as the stator 162 that electromagnetic work is done in the motion by translating element 116 140 part.

In piston component 110 during the expansion stroke in cylinder 140, because oxidant and fuel are in burning zone 130 Burning, translating element 116 can translate across stator 162.Motion of the translation device 116 relative to stator 162 can produce electric current And corresponding to electric work.LEM 160 can include magneto, induction machine, switched reluctance machines, other any suitable electromagnetism Machine or its any combination.For example, translating element 116 can include permanent magnet, and stator 162 can include coil, and coil can be with It is conducted through the induced-current that the motion of translating element 116 is produced.

Fig. 2 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 200, the work according to some implementations of the disclosure Plug engine has piston component 210, gas spring 248 and LEM260.Piston-mode motor 200 includes having cylinder barrel 234 Cylinder 240, piston component 210 and burning zone 230.In the illustrated embodiment, piston component 210 includes piston area 212, lived Fill in seal 214 (such as piston ring, sealing surface), translating element 216 and piston rod 218.Although not showing that in fig. 2, Piston component 210 can include bearing element, other any suitable parts or its arbitrary combination.In the embodiment of diagram In, piston component 210 is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 234 of cylinder 240, and is configured to substantially translate along axis 250.Such as Shown in Fig. 2, cylinder 240, which includes seals 242, (is used to be reduced or avoided gas leakage while allowing relative piston to transport It is dynamic), exhaust/injection tip 270 (being used to discharge waste gas and/or injection reactant), air inlet port 280 (be used for input air and/ Or air/fuel mixture) and driving gas ports 290 (being used to supplying and/or discharging driving gas).Piston-mode motor 200 can using two-stroke circulation, four-stroke cycle, other any suitable circulations or its arbitrarily combine come work.At certain It can include shock plate 208 in a little embodiments.

Cylinder 240 can include being burnt wherein, the part 232 of gas expansion and exhaust and can be at it In play the part 278 of gas-powered and gas spring effect.Part 268 can be included independently of cylinder 240, and And can include can be used in carry out electromagnetic work interaction LEM 260.Various pieces 232,268 and 278 can be depended on Position of the construction and piston component 210 of cylinder 240 in the cylinder barrel 234 of cylinder 240.As shown in Fig. 2 for passing through translation The motion of part 216 do electromagnetic work stator 262 can with but not necessarily independently of cylinder 240.

Fig. 3 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 300, the work according to some implementations of the disclosure Plug engine, which has, includes the piston component 310, single gas spring 340 and LEM 360 of two pistons 311 and 313.It is living Plug engine 300 includes cylinder 340 and 341, piston component 310 and the burning zone 330 respectively with cylinder barrel 334 and 335. In the embodiment of diagram, piston component 310 includes piston area 312, translating element 316, piston seal 314 and 315 and piston Bar 318.Although not showing that in figure 3, piston component 310 can include bearing element, other any suitable parts Or its arbitrary combination.In the illustrated embodiment, piston component 310 is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 334 of cylinder 340, and It is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 335 of cylinder 341, and is configured to substantially translate along axis 350.As shown in figure 3, cylinder 340 include seals 342 (being used to be reduced or avoided gas leakage while allowing relative piston movement), exhaust/injection Port 370 (being used to discharge waste gas and/or injection reactant), air inlet port 380 (are used for input air and/or air/fuel are mixed Compound) and gas ports 395 (being used to discharge blow-by gas or supply air).As shown in figure 3, cylinder 341 includes gas Seal 343 (being used to be reduced or avoided gas leakage while allowing relative piston movement), driving gas ports 390 (are used for Supply and/or discharge driving gas).Piston-mode motor 300 can using two-stroke circulation, four-stroke cycle, arbitrarily other Suitable circulation or its arbitrary combination carry out work.Shock plate 308 can be included in certain embodiments.

Cylinder 340 can include being burnt wherein, the part 332 of gas expansion and exhaust.Cylinder 341 can be with Part 378 including gas-powered and gas spring effect can be played wherein.Part 368 can be included in cylinder 340 And between 341, and can include can be used in carry out electromagnetic work interaction LEM.Various pieces 332,368 and 378 can With depending on the construction and piston component 310 of cylinder 340 and 341 in the cylinder barrel 334 and 335 of corresponding cylinder 340 and 341 Position.As shown in figure 3, for the motion by translating element 316 do electromagnetic work stator 362 can with but it is not necessarily independent In cylinder 340 and 341.

Fig. 4 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 400, the work according to some implementations of the disclosure Plug engine has two piston components 410 and 411, single gas spring 448 and 449 and two and of LEM 460 461.As illustrated, piston-mode motor 400 be substantially equivalent to it is with single combustion chamber, on exhaust/injection tip 370 Symmetrical two piston-mode motors 300.It should be appreciated that according to the disclosure can also realize it is other, can with but be not necessarily Symmetrical dual Piston device, and piston-mode motor 400 is an exemplary example.

The Application No. of U.S. Patent application, Simpson in Simpson et al. Application No. 12/953,270 et al. The U.S. Patent application of 12/953,277 U.S. Patent application, Simpson et al. Application No. 13/102,916 and The U.S. Patent application of Roelle et al. Application No. 13/028,053 is included on piston-mode motor such as piston type The more details of engine 100,200,300 and 400 and its operation and feature, thus by quote in full by it is all it is above-mentioned specially Profit application is incorporated herein.

【From centering piston】

In certain embodiments, piston can include providing from one kind placed in the middle relative to the cylinder of piston-mode motor or Various features.

Fig. 5 is illustrated the having from feature 506 placed in the middle of exemplary piston component 500 according to some implementations of the disclosure The perspective view of a part.Piston component 500 can include piston area 502, element 504, be closed from feature 506 placed in the middle, any other Suitable part (not shown) or its any combination.In certain embodiments, it from feature 506 placed in the middle can be element 504 one Point.For example, element 504 can be bearing element (such as aerostatic bearing), and can be machined from feature 506 placed in the middle Step or bearing element in other suitable features.In certain embodiments, can be piston area from feature 506 placed in the middle 502 part.For example, from feature 506 placed in the middle can be step, one or more slot type recesses, tapered portion or piston component Other included features in 500.In certain embodiments, piston component can include contribute to piston component placed in the middle one Or multiple features, part or it is above-mentioned both.For example, piston component can include from feature placed in the middle and can aid in dummy piston Pressure on one or more sides of component is so as to contributing to the feature that piston is placed in the middle.Although not showing that in Figure 5, But piston component 500 can alternatively include piston rod, translating element, piston ring, FDB, other any suitable parts Or its arbitrary combination.

Fig. 6 is illustrated the exemplary device 600 of piston component 610 and cylinder 620 according to some implementations of the disclosure Sectional view, wherein blow-by gas (being shown with arrow 640) come from burning zone 630.In certain embodiments, piston area 602 can With catalytic combustion section 630 (exemplarily being shown in Fig. 6), gas-powered section (not shown in Fig. 6), piston-mode motor cylinder In other any suitable section (not shown) or its any combination.Blow-by gas can flow out from burning zone 630, around piston Simultaneously axially flowed along piston component 610 in face 602.In certain embodiments, blow-by gas and the interaction from feature 616 placed in the middle It may be used to piston component 610 placed in the middle.For example, being generated in gap that can be between piston component 610 and cylinder 620 is used for The pressure distribution for making piston component 610 placed in the middle.Blow-by gas can be from burning zone, gas-powered section or in any suitable pressure Between other the suitable sections for working and (such as being worked under 20-800bar pressure or other suitable pressure) under power are supplied to Gap.

Fig. 7 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 610 and cylinder 620 according to some implementations of the disclosure, its Middle piston component 610 is eccentric.The central axis 750 of cylinder 620 represents the geometric centre axes of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 620.When When piston component 610 is eccentric in cylinder 620, as shown in fig. 7, in the cylindrical coordinate system relative to piston component, along piston The pressure field P of the transverse side (namely at the radius R that can change with θ and z) of component 610₁(R, θ z) are being specified Axial location Z at can be that circumferential (namely along θ direction) is uneven.

Fig. 8 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 610 and cylinder 620 according to some implementations of the disclosure, its Middle piston component 610 is placed in the middle relative to central axis 750.When piston component 610 is placed in the middle in cylinder 620, such as Fig. 8 institutes Show, the P of piston component 610₂(R, θ can be z) circumferential substantially homogeneous at specified axial location Z.In some embodiments In, the pressure field of piston placed in the middle can be uneven, but when on the side for being integrated in piston, provide substantially zeroed conjunction Power.For example, the piston component with slot type recess can have uneven circumferential pressure due to recess, but it can carry Make a concerted effort for zero.

Fig. 9 is illustrated the sectional view of a part for exemplary piston-mode motor 900 according to some implementations of the disclosure, The piston-mode motor has piston component 910, and the piston component 910, which has, can help its feature 912 placed in the middle. In some embodiments, such as feature 912 feature can with it is (such as in Figure 10-12 arbitrary from placed in the middle from feature placed in the middle Feature) it is included together in piston component.As shown in figure 9, feature 912 can include the whole week around piston component 910 One or more grooves of side extension, its pressure field that can aid in the gap 950 of balance chart 9.Feature 912 can also be used Make straight-through labyrinth to reduce the axial flow velocity in gap 950.Although being exemplarily illustrated as groove in fig .9, But any appropriate feature or its combination can be used to aid in realizing between two parties according to the disclosure.

Figure 10 is illustrated the section of a part for exemplary piston-mode motor 1000 according to some implementations of the disclosure Figure, piston-mode motor 1000 includes having notch type from feature 1012 placed in the middle and the piston component of one or more slits 1014 1010.It can include one or more recesses from feature 1012 placed in the middle, the week of piston component 1010 is surrounded each notch part Side extends.Slit 1014 can include one or more slits (such as corresponding to one or more recesses), and it may be used as supplying The guiding piece that blow-by gas is flowed into recess.Although being illustrated as on the side of piston component 1010, implement some In example, slit can also be comprised in the inside of piston component and can be fed from any appropriate source.For example, between two parties Feature 1012 can include three slot type recesses, and the center of each is spaced 120 degree and each prolonging peripherally on periphery Stretch less than 120 degree, in addition to three corresponding slits 1014, it is recessed that it can allow fluid to be flowed into from the region 1060 of relatively high pressure Mouthful.Recess, segmented recess any appropriate setting including any suitable number can be used according to the disclosure.

Figure 11 is illustrated its piston component of exemplary piston-mode motor 1100 according to some implementations of the disclosure 1110 have sectional view of the step from a part for feature 1112 placed in the middle.It can include surrounding piston group from feature 1112 placed in the middle The step of the whole periphery extension of part 1110.Step can include any appropriate absolute and/or relative size.In showing for diagram In example, (namely relatively more close to piston area 1102) gap in step can be in the larger diameter area of piston component Twice of the order of magnitude in the gap at domain.In certain embodiments, piston component can include segmented step, its set-up mode Similar to the slot type recess in Figure 10, but wherein recess extends through piston area 1102, and therefore need not include slit.

Figure 12 is illustrated its piston component of exemplary piston-mode motor 1200 according to some implementations of the disclosure 1210 have the sectional view of a tapering type part from feature 1212 placed in the middle.It can include surrounding piston group from feature 1212 placed in the middle The tapered portion of the whole periphery extension of part 1210, wherein the diameter relative constriction at piston area 1202.Tapered portion can include Any appropriate absolute and/or relative size.In the example shown in the series of figures, at the minor diameter of tapered portion (namely relatively more Plus close to piston area 1202) gap can be the gap at the larger diameter region of piston component twice of the order of magnitude. In certain embodiments, piston component can include more than one converging transition around periphery, and its set-up mode is similar in Figure 10 Slot type recess, wherein tapered portion extends through piston area 1102.

In certain embodiments, it is any or it is whole from feature 1012,1112 and 1212 placed in the middle, feature 912 and other It can be suitably combined from feature placed in the middle or other features.For example, piston component can include tapered portion, step and one Series of recesses (such as labyrinth) is placed in the middle to provide.From feature placed in the middle can with burning zone, gas-powered section, gas spring section phase The piston area of contact, permission blow-by gas, which flow through other any suitable piston areas of piston area or its vicinity being combined, to be made With.For example, for the piston-mode motor 300 marked in Fig. 3, arbitrary piston area 312 is can be contained in from feature placed in the middle Near.

【Non-contact type bearing】

In some embodiments it is possible to use non-contact type bearing between piston and corresponding cylinder.Contactless axle Hold can include such as aerostatic bearing, hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers or other suitably can for motion or static contactless axle Hold.Non-contact type bearing can include isolation piston and reduce the fluid film that friction and related work(lose to cylinder wall.At certain In a little embodiments, the use of aerostatic bearing can allow the oil-free behaviour of piston and cylinder assembly in piston-mode motor Make, and correspondingly piston-mode motor need not aid in lubricating oil system, can so simplify some aspects of engine framework. In certain embodiments, non-contact type bearing can be used as bearing fluid including machine oil.Bearing fluid can include such as air, Nitrogen, waste gas, machine oil, aqueous water, vapor, liquid carbon dioxide, gaseous carbon dioxide, hydraulic fluid, any other are suitable Fluid or its any combination.The fluid that is used in FDB can by piston component, cylinder or it is above-mentioned both carry For.

Its bearing element 1310 that Figure 13 is illustrated exemplary piston component 1300 according to some implementations of the disclosure has There is the perspective view of the part in hole 1312.Hole 1312 could be arranged to certain pattern, randomly set either above-mentioned setting Any combination of mode.Hole 1312 can have any appropriate size.For example, in certain embodiments, the size in hole 1312 Scope with several mils or can be smaller to 1/8th inches or bigger.In certain embodiments, the size in hole 1312 The hole of relative discharge limitation or effective area can be according to to(for) other one or more flow restrictions or effective area be carried out Selection.For example, hole can be shaped as providing quantity identical with the flow restriction of the discharge path of the bearing fluid in the downstream of hole 1310 The flow restriction of level.With other the suitable piston areas of piston component 1300 due to piston area 1302 or piston component 1300 Active force on (not shown) and translated in the cylinder barrel of suitable cylinder, bearing element can be assisted in keeping between two parties.Fluid can To be provided as shown in arrow 1322 from any appropriate fluid source, and can be in piston component 1300 through internal fluid channels (not shown) is assigned to hole 1312.After hole 1312 is left, fluid can flow through gap, and along at least one of piston Component 1300 flows.Fluid as shown in arrow 1320 can be helped prevent and/or subtracted from the outside flowing of bearing element 1310 Contact between few piston component-cylinder.

Although being shown as hole in fig. 13, any appropriate port is used equally for providing fluid for use as fluid to gap Bearing.For example, the gap between component can be used to provide fluid to gap.In further example, partly Or can be used to provide fluid to gap completely about the annular orifice of the periphery extension of piston component.In some embodiments In, bearing element 1310 can include sufficiently small port (such as the mean free path than bearing fluid is smaller) to allow to let out Stream.

Figure 14 according to some implementations of the disclosure be illustrated exemplary piston component 1400 have porous bearing element The perspective view of 1410 part.With piston component 1400 because other of piston area 1402 or piston component 1400 are suitable Piston area (not shown) on active force and translated in the cylinder barrel of suitable cylinder, bearing element can assist in keeping residence In.Fluid can be provided from any appropriate fluid source as indicated by arrow 1422, and can be in piston component 1400 through interior The (not shown) distribution of portion fluid passage, and it is empty then to flow through the space in any appropriate part of bearing element 1410 Between.Bearing element 1410 can have any appropriate porosity and pore-size.Leave bearing element 1410 side it Afterwards, gas can flow through gap, and be flowed along at least one of piston component 1400.Fluid as shown in arrow 1420 from The outside flowing of bearing element 1410 can help prevent and/or reduce the contact between piston component-cylinder.Bearing element 1410 The material that flow of fluid can be can allow for by its any appropriate porosity is constituted.For example, porous bearing element can be by stone Ink, sintering metal (such as iron, steel, bronze), sintering or otherwise handle porous ceramics (such as carborundum, aluminum oxide, Magnesia), other any suitable sintering or the materials otherwise handled or its any combination constitute.In some embodiments In, bearing element 1410 can have the sufficiently small hole (such as the mean free path than bearing fluid is smaller) of size to permit Perhaps aerial drainage.

Figure 15 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 1500, wherein flow axis according to some implementations of the disclosure Hold 1510 and run through piston component 1500.Piston component 1500 can include piston area 1502, bearing element 1510, framework 1550, Other any suitable parts or its any combination not shown in fastener 1590, Figure 15.Piston component 1500 can be constructed Into in the cylinder barrel for the cylinder for being assemblied in piston-mode motor, and can be configured to substantially along on cylinder barrel center line or In the axis translation of cylinder barrel approximate centerline.Bearing element 1510 includes fluid passage 1560, and fluid passage 1560 can be such as arrow Bearing fluid is distributed to one or more ports or surface so as to footpath from one or more input ports 1512 shown in first 1522 To outside flowing.In certain embodiments, bearing element 1510 can include the component of multiple parts.In certain embodiments, Piston 1502 can alternatively include from feature placed in the middle or other suitable feature (not shown).

Figure 16 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 1610 and cylinder 1620 according to some implementations of the disclosure, Wherein FDB 1612 (such as positioned at the fluid layer being derived from least in part in the gap of bearing element 1618) runs through piston Component 1610.Piston component 1610 includes can be with the inner passage 1614 of receiving bearing fluid 1616.Bearing element 1618 is living Plug assembly 1610 includes the part of hole or porous portion, and bearing fluid can incoming fluid bearing 1612 from here.Bearing element 1618 can be the integrated component (as shown in figure 16) of piston, another part of piston component 1610, (such as by press-fiting or Installed with fastener and) be assembled to piston component 1610 individual components, with other any suitable set-up modes or its Meaning combination.FDB 1612 can help piston component 1610 placed in the middle around axis 1650, and axis 1650 represents cylinder 1620 Cylinder barrel center.

Figure 17 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 1710 and cylinder 1720 according to some implementations of the disclosure, Wherein FDB 1712 runs through cylinder 1720.Cylinder 1720 includes can be with the inner passage 1714 of receiving bearing fluid 1716. Bearing element 1718 is that cylinder 1720 includes the part in hole or aerial drainage face, and fluid can be flowed into positioned at piston component from here The FDB 1712 in suitable gap between 1710 and cylinder 1720.Bearing element 1718 can be the collection of cylinder 1720 Into part (as shown in figure 17), be assembled to cylinder 1720 individual components (be, for example, plug-in unit or cylinder jacket), with it is any other Suitable set-up mode or its any combination.FDB 1712 can help piston component 1710 placed in the middle around axis 1750, Axis 1750 represents the center of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 1720.In certain embodiments, can include can be to one or more for cylinder Corresponding FDB provides one or more bearing elements of bearing fluid.For example, in certain embodiments, the cylinder barrel of cylinder Multiple bearing elements can be included, each with independent and controllable fluid source so as to many in the cylinder barrel to cylinder Individual position fed bearings fluid.

In certain embodiments, blow-by gas can be directed to reduce or prevent blow-by gas near bearing element Flowed in gap portion.For example, blow-by gas can be directed to flow through cylinder, piston component or it is above-mentioned both so that blowby gas The flowing of body will not substantially change flowing of the bearing fluid in gap.Bearing gas flow through it is for example other for example The flowing of blow-by gas and some changes for causing can negatively affect the ability that bearing fluid prevents piston-cylinder from contacting. The guiding of blow-by gas can for example allow the discharge pressure of bearing fluid relatively (for example to allow far below fluid feed pressure Bearing fluid has bigger pressure drop), flow behavior and bearing characteristicses needed for can so providing.

Figure 18 is illustrated the exemplary device of piston component 1810 and cylinder 1820 according to some implementations of the disclosure 1800 sectional view, wherein the translating element 1814 with bearing element 1812 and 1813 and including fluid passage 1875.Piston Face 1802 can contact the gas spring (such as gas-powered section) of device 1800, and piston area 1804 can contact device 1800 Burning zone.Device 1800 can include stator 1815, and it can be interacted with translating element 1814 with electromagnetic mode.

In the illustrated embodiment, bearing fluid 1874 is provided to pipeline 1870, and pipeline 1872 is via seal 1871 It is connected to pipeline 1870.As shown in figure 18, seal 1871 can allow the piston component 1810 for including pipeline 1872 to surround axle The translation of line 1850 is maintained at the pressurization between pipeline 1870 and 1872 simultaneously.The inside of pipeline 1872 is coupled to positioned at flat The fluid passage 1875 moved in part 1814, bearing fluid 1874 can flow channel 1816 from here.Passage 1816 is first to bearing The fed bearings fluid 1874 of part 1812 and 1813, bearing fluid 1874 is flowed into positioned at piston component 1810 and cylinder 1820 from here Between gap in FDB.(not shown) in certain embodiments, pipeline 1870, pipeline 1872 or it is above-mentioned both can be with It is flexible to allow relative motion.For example, (not shown) in certain embodiments, pipeline 1870 can be via suitable soft Pipe joint (for example and need not correspondingly include pipeline 1872) is connected directly to the flexible hose of translating element 1814.

Figure 19 is illustrated the exemplary device of piston component 1910 and cylinder 1920 according to some implementations of the disclosure 1900 sectional view, wherein with bearing element 1912 and 1913 and valve 1970.Piston area 1902 can contact device 1900 Gas spring (such as gas-powered section), and piston area 1904 can contact the burning zone of device 1900.Device 1900 can be with Including stator 1915, it can be interacted with translating element 1914 with electromagnetic mode.

In the illustrated embodiment, at least a portion fluid in gas spring 1976 is via in piston area 1902 Valve 1970 (such as shown in arrow 1974) and supplied to passage 1916 to be used as bearing fluid.Valve 1970 can include aggressive valve Or passive valve or other suitable multi-way reversing devices that fluid flow control is provided in one or more directions.For example, Valve 1970 can include leaf valve, ball valve, needle-valve, ball check valve, non-return diaphragm valve, different flow directions be carried in the duct Quiescent flow limits device for different resistances, other any suitable valves, electronic controller or other active location systems, Other any suitable devices or its any combination.Passage 1916 to the fed bearings fluid 1974 of bearing element 1912 and 1913, The FDB that bearing fluid 1974 is flowed into the gap between piston component 1910 and cylinder 1920 from here.Some In embodiment, valve 1970 can be check-valves.Therefore, as piston component 1910 is translated along axis 1950, and with fluid Via port 1990 (such as can wherein include one or more valves) supplied to gas spring 1976 and/or from gas spring Pressure in 1976 discharges, gas spring 1976 can reach Opening pressure, and then fluid be able to can be flowed into by valve 1970 Passage 1916.The Opening pressure of valve 1970 can be any appropriate value, and can be actively adjustable in certain embodiments 's.In certain embodiments, valve 1970 can be actively controllable, and flow in either direction can be by controlling orifice plate Or other flow restrictions in valve 1970 are controlled.

In certain embodiments, bearing element can be the integrated component of piston.Carried for example, piston can have to gap The set of passage and hole for the machining of bearing fluid.In some such embodiments, piston can with but not necessarily Ground is a part for piston component.Bearing element can include graphite component, the hardware with machined features, sintering Element that hardware, porous ceramic element, non-porous ceramic element, other any suitable suitable materials are constituted or its is any Combination.

【The temperature treatment of cylinder and/or piston】

In some embodiments it is possible to control or otherwise management piston (or its component), cylinder or it is above-mentioned both Temperature.The temperature treatment of piston (or its component) and/or cylinder can aid in by manage piston-mode motor one Or the thermal deformation of multiple parts keeps or otherwise manages gap.

In certain embodiments, one or more heating tube can be used to influence the heat transfer of piston component.Heating tube can With including the fluid for being configured to aid in for example conducting heat to the part heat transfer of piston-mode motor and the part from piston-mode motor Pipeline.The piston area of piston component can undergo the temperature rise caused due to burning.The use of heating tube can aid in from Piston area, other any suitable parts of piston component or other any suitable parts outwards conduct heat to reduce the work of part Make temperature.For example, heating tube can from piston towards heat container for example bearing element, gap, the cylinder barrel surface of cylinder, by cold But the piston rod of agent cooling, other any suitable heat containers or its any combination heat transfer.

Heating tube can include fluid line, wherein can fill suitable fluid such as water, ethanol, ammoniacal liquor, sodium or appoint Anticipate other suitable fluids or mixture.The associated latent heat of phase transformation with fluid is typically much deeper than measurable caused by the temperature difference Energy is transmitted.In addition, at the temperature that the phase transformation of fluid can be limited in substantially constant or otherwise, (temperature can depend on In pressure and any impurity of presence) carry out, it so can aid in and reduce temperature ladder relatively large in piston-mode motor Degree.Heating tube could be arranged to the part with the piston thermal contact of piston component in piston component.In certain embodiments, have The linear movement for having the piston component of heating tube can aid in transmits fluid in heating tube, thereby assist in from piston area to The heat transfer of the relatively low part of the temperature of piston-mode motor.

It should be understood that the term " thermo-contact " used between the parts refers to the ability effectively conducted heat between the parts. For example, heating tube could be arranged to contact with piston area, and the heat from piston area can be transmitted, and therefore can be with Piston area " directly " is thermally contacted.In another example, heating tube can be contacted with piston framework, and piston framework can be with work Plug face is contacted, and heating tube can transmit the heat from piston framework, and piston framework can transmit the heat from piston area Amount, and therefore heating tube can be thermally contacted with piston area " indirectly ".

Figure 20 is illustrated the exemplary piston component 2010 of piston-mode motor 2000 according to some implementations of the disclosure With the sectional view of cylinder 2020, wherein heating tube 2080 is included as a part for piston component.Heating tube 2080 can To be pipeline or other fluid line, wherein can include can undergoing during piston-mode motor 2000 is run gas phase- The fluid 2082 of liquid phase conversion.It can be carried out during engine is run from burning zone 2030 to piston area 2002 (by arrow Shown in 2024) heat transfer.Can further it carry out from piston area 2020 to a part 2084 for heating tube 2080 (by arrow Shown in 2024) heat transfer, it so can aid in reduction, keep or reduction and the temperature for keeping piston area 2020.It can enter Go from the heat transfer in the heating tube 2080 of the another part 2086 of a part 2084 for heating tube 2080 to heating tube 2080.It is described Part 2086 can to the part of the remote piston area 2002 of piston component 2010 such as cylinder 2020 remote burning zone 2030 And the end outflow heat of the relatively close part 2086.For example, heating tube 2080 can aid in from the footpath of burning zone 2030 To outwards to bearing surface, gap and then to cylinder transmission heat 2024, heat can be for example via cooling agent at cylinder Cooling agent in passage and further transmit.In another example, heating tube 2080 can aid in from burning zone 2024 to The gas-powered section 2040 of cylinder 2020 is conducted heat.

Figure 21 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 2100, wherein heating tube according to some implementations of the disclosure 2180 are formed by internal space.Piston component 2100 can include piston 2102, element 2110, framework 2150, fastener 2190th, not shown in Figure 21 other any suitable parts or its any combination.Piston component 2100 can be configured to assembling In the cylinder barrel of the cylinder of piston-mode motor, and it can be configured to substantially along on cylinder barrel center line or in cylinder barrel The axis translation of approximate centerline.It is (such as logical with bearing that element 2110 can include (although not showing that) bearing element Road), piston ring, framework, other any suitable parts, other any suitable features or its any combination.Heating tube 2180 Interior fluid can be filled, discharge or otherwise adjusted using port 2182, and port 2182 can include valve (such as non-return Valve or stop valve), connector or miscellaneous part.In certain embodiments, the heating tube 2180 with port 2182 can be in piston Formula engine is filled, discharged or otherwise adjusted during running.In certain embodiments, adding with port 2182 Heat pipe 2180 need not be filled, discharged or otherwise adjusted during piston-mode motor is run, and can be corresponding Ground is adjusted in piston-mode motor and off-duty.

In certain embodiments, can diametrically be helped including many heating tubes from work in piston component periphery Plug conducts heat towards gap and cylinder inner wall.In the example shown in the series of figures, the six roots of sensation to 12 heating tubes can be arranged on axial orientation Piston component periphery diametrically, but can also use the heating of any suitable number with such annular set-up mode Pipe.In certain embodiments, it can include circular heating tube to contribute to gap heat transfer in piston component.For example, piston group Annular space in part can be marked with appropriate fluid and be sealed during running.

Figure 22 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 2200 according to some implementations of the disclosure, described Piston-mode motor includes piston component 2210 and the cylinder with coolant channel 2222 and 2238 Yu heating tube 2224 2220.In certain embodiments, piston-mode motor 2200 can include coolant channel 2222 to help to control or with it His mode limits the temperature of one or more parts of piston-mode motor 2200.Temperature control can also be used to (for example lead to Cross control thermal deformation come) control cylinder barrel size and/or shape, can so improve or otherwise adjust blowby gas The characteristic and/or bearing performance of body.As Figure 22 is exemplary show as, cylinder 2220 can include by one or more The inner passage of port feeding, so can supply and return as shown in arrow 2230 and 2234 and arrow 2232 and 2236 respectively Return cooling fluid.As illustrated, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 include annular space, but according to the disclosure Any appropriate set-up mode can be used.In certain embodiments, cooling agent such as ethylene glycol, propane diols, water, alcohol, sky Gas, other any suitable fluids or its any combination (ethylene glycol being for example diluted with water) can be supplied to coolant channel 2222 and 2238.(not shown) in certain embodiments, piston-mode motor 2200 can include coolant subsystem, wherein can With including pump, radiator, thermoregulator, pressure regulator, fluid regulation and control pipeline, other any suitable parts or its is any Combination.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 can be interconnected and phase in cylinder 2220 Ground is answered to be controlled as single pipeline set.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 need not interconnect in cylinder 2220 and can individually control.For example, in certain embodiments, the He of coolant channel 2222 Coolant channel 2238 can aid in the different zones of selectivity cooling cylinder 2220, and therefore each region can be independent Cooling.In exemplary example, control system can judge the He of piston component 2210 when piston is located in burning zone 2270 Whether the gap between cylinder 2220 is excessive.Therefore it provides giving coolant channel 2238 compared to the cooling agent closer to TDC The flow velocity of the cooling agent of passage 2222 can increase simultaneously reduces cylinder barrel to cool down cylinder (by thermal contraction), so that between therefore reducing Gap.According to the disclosure, the single coolant channel of any suitable number can be used to provide selective cooling, be set to appoint Anticipate suitable structure.In certain embodiments, cylinder 2220 can include one or more heating tube 2224 with help control or Otherwise limit the temperature of one or more parts of piston-mode motor 2200.It can include in cylinder 2220 with any One or more heating tube 2224 that suitable set-up mode is set, and any appropriate heating tube can be included in heating tube Fluid.For example, one or more heating tube 2224 can include being axially disposed within using the center of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 2220 as the center of circle Many heating tubes diametrically.In another example, one or more heating tube 2224 can include in cylinder 2220 Annular space.Heating tube 2226 can be used to supplying, discharge or otherwise controlling one or many in certain embodiments Fluid in root heating tube 2224.For example, heating tube 2226 can include valve, adjuster, orifice plate, other any suitable features Or device or its any combination are to control the property of one or more heating tube 2224 or the fluid wherein included.In some realities Apply in example, coolant channel 2222 and/or coolant channel 2238 can directly contact (not shown) one or more heating tube 2224, and the relatively enhanced heat transmission for coming from one or more heating tube 2224 can be provided.Although making in Figure 22 Coolant channel 2222 and 2238 and one or more heating tube 2224 are gone out, still (Figure 22 is not showed that) is some implements Example can include one of coolant channel and one or more heating tube and correspondingly without both including.By coolant channel 2222 are used together in some devices with 2238 and one or more heating tube 2224 and can provide and be used alone one Compared to relatively enhanced heat transfer.For example, heat can be heated to one or more from the cylinder barrel of cylinder 2220 via gap transmission Pipe 2224, and one or more heating tube 2224 can transmit at least a portion in these heats to coolant channel 2222 and/or coolant channel 2238 in cooling agent (for example heat transfer can include by a part of cylinder 2220 conduction).

In certain embodiments there is provided the fluid to any port 2250 can be used to cooling piston component 2210 or its In various pieces.For example, the heat of the piston area from piston component 2210 can be transported to the work of piston component 2210 Stopper rod, and be sent to the fluid of any port 2250 and can convectively cool down the piston rod of piston component 2210.

In certain embodiments, FDB can help to cool down piston component, cylinder, part therein, piston type hair Other any suitable parts or its any combination in motivation.Bearing fluid can be provided to bearing element, and bearing element can So that bearing fluid is directed directly in piston-cylinder assemblies into suitable gap.Bearing fluid can aid between it flows through At least one of piston-cylinder assemblies are cooled down during gap.In certain embodiments, bearing fluid can be passed through substantially from burning zone Gap outflow is crossed, and heat can be correspondingly taken away from burning zone, one or more portions of piston-mode motor are thus reduced The temperature of part.In certain embodiments, bearing fluid by piston-mode motor gap convection current can improve piston area and Effective rate of heat transfer between piston component and/or another part of cylinder.In certain embodiments, the work with bearing element One or more heating tube can be included in plug assembly.One or more heating tube can aid in holding bearing element or bearing Element a part of almost constant temperature therein, the thermal expansion that so can aid in control gap and associated change.In some realities Apply in example, one or more heating tube, coolant channel, bearing element, other any suitable parts or its any combination Kept using the thermal deformation that can aid in one or more parts by managing piston-mode motor or otherwise Manage gap.

【Cylinder jacket】

In some embodiments it is possible to control or otherwise manage the gap between free-piston and cylinder.At certain In a little embodiments, deformable cylinder jacket can be used by cylinder barrel that regulating piston component moves wherein come between adjusting Gap.In certain embodiments, cylinder jacket fluid can be used to apply pressure to deformable cylinder jacket, and cylinder jacket can be based on Pressure difference between each face of cylinder jacket and deform.Cylinder jacket fluid can include such as water, ethylene glycol, propane diols, machine oil, liquid Press fluid, fuel (such as diesel fuel), other any suitable fluids or its any appropriate combination.

Figure 23 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 2310 and cylinder 2320 according to some implementations of the disclosure, Wherein cylinder has deformable cylinder jacket 2330.The inner surface of deformable cylinder jacket 2330 can limit cylinder barrel, piston group Part 2310 or a part therein can be translated along the axis 2350 positioned at cylinder barrel center in cylinder barrel.Passage 2322 can be Formed between cylinder 2320 and deformable cylinder jacket 2330, cylinder jacket fluid can send into passage 2322 via port 2324 And/or returned from passage 2322.The cylinder jacket fluid controlled as appropriate pressure applies deformation to deformable cylinder jacket 2330 and made Firmly to allow correspondingly to adjust cylinder barrel.Gap 2360 between cylinder barrel and piston component 2310 can be accordingly by with suitable Pressure apply cylinder jacket fluid and be adjusted.(such as by being supplied via one or more ports 2324 to passage 2322 Cylinder jacket fluid comes) pressure of increase cylinder jacket fluid can reduce cylinder barrel and gap 2360, and (such as by via one or Cylinder jacket fluid is discharged from passage 2322 and is come in multiple ports 2324) pressure that reduces cylinder jacket fluid can increase cylinder barrel and gap 2360。

Figure 24 is illustrated exemplary piston component 2310 and cylinder 2320 in Figure 23 according to some implementations of the disclosure Sectional view, wherein deformable cylinder jacket 2330 experience deformation.The pressure of cylinder jacket fluid is in passage as of fig. 24 It is bigger compared with the passage 2322 shown in Figure 23 in 2322, and therefore gap 2460 is relatively shorter than gap 2360.

Figure 25 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston component 2510 and cylinder 2520 according to some implementations of the disclosure, Wherein cylinder has the deformable cylinder jacket 2530 of segmentation.The inner surface of deformable cylinder jacket 2530 can limit cylinder barrel, living Plug assembly 2510 or a part therein can be translated along the axis 2550 positioned at cylinder barrel center in cylinder barrel.The He of passage 2522 2523 can form between cylinder 2520 and deformable cylinder jacket 2530, and can be separated by seal 2532.Gas Cylinder sleeve fluid can be respectively via port 2524 and port 2525 supplied to passage 2522 and 2523 and/or from the He of passage 2522 2523 return, port 2524 and port 2525 can with but be not necessarily isolated from each other.Control the cylinder jacket stream for convenient pressure Body can apply deforming force allow correspondingly to adjust each section of cylinder barrel (namely cylinder to deformable cylinder jacket 2530 The part corresponding with passage 2522 or 2523 in cylinder).In certain embodiments, due to the deformation of deformable cylinder jacket 2530 The pressure difference that may rely between cylinder jacket fluid and cylinder barrel, therefore the pressure of cylinder jacket fluid can be based at least partially on gas Pressure in the appropriate section of cylinder is controlled.Gap 2560 between cylinder barrel and piston component 2510 can accordingly by with Suitable pressure applies cylinder jacket fluid to be adjusted.Because can be only corresponding to the gap of each passage 2522 and 2523 On the spot it is adjusted, so gap in axial direction can change (namely parallel to axis 2550).For example, implementing some In example, as piston 2512 travels across one section of deformable cylinder jacket 2530, you can regulation is positioned at the gap of this section.Increase gas Cylinder sleeve fluid pressure (for example by via one or more corresponding ports 2524 and/or 2525 to passage 2522 and/or 2523 supply cylinders cover fluid) cylinder barrel and the gap 2560 of one or more positions can be reduced, and reduce cylinder jacket fluid Pressure (for example by via one or more corresponding ports 2524 and/or 2525 from passage 2522 and/or 2523 discharge gas Cylinder sleeve fluid) cylinder barrel and the gap 2560 of one or more positions can be increased.

Figure 26 is illustrated the sectional view of exemplary piston-mode motor 2600 according to some implementations of the disclosure, wherein living Plug engine has deformable cylinder jacket 2630.Passage 2622 can cylinder 2620 and deformable cylinder jacket 2630 it Between formed, cylinder jacket fluid can send into passage 2622 via port 2624 and/or return from passage 2622.Control as appropriate pressure The cylinder jacket fluid of power applies deforming force to allow correspondingly to adjust cylinder barrel to deformable cylinder jacket 2630.In diagram In embodiment, (can for example provide fuel and/or air or receive exhaust) port 2626 can be located at deformable cylinder 2630 outside is covered to eliminate demands to the port in deformable cylinder jacket 2630 or other openings.By adjusting passage The pressure of cylinder jacket fluid in 2622 is that can be achieved to the gap between piston component 2610 and deformable cylinder jacket 2630 Regulation.

In certain embodiments, the flowing of cylinder jacket fluid can be used to provide cooling for deformable cylinder jacket.Example Such as, pressure controlled and flow rates controlled cylinder jacket fluid can be used to provide for from deformable cylinder jacket (such as in burning zone Near) to cylinder jacket fluid heat loss through convection heat transmission.It can combine or replace by using the cooling of cylinder jacket fluid Applied by using the cooling of coolant channel and/or heating tube (such as shown in Figure 22).

Figure 27 according to some implementations of the disclosure be illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor 2700 have Local cooling The sectional view of a part for agent passage 2752 and 2754 (perpendicular to bore axis).The cylinder 2720 of piston-mode motor 2700 can With including one or more pressure stabilizing chambers of one or more air throttles 2724 and one or more air throttles 2726 can be coupled to 2722.In certain embodiments, throttling fluid can pass through one or more air throttles from one or more pressure stabilizing chambers 2722 2724 inflows are provided for the coolant channel 2752 of cooled region 2732 (such as exemplary arrows in coolant channel 2752 It is shown).In certain embodiments, throttling fluid can pass through one or more air throttles from one or more pressure stabilizing chambers 2722 2726 inflows are provided for the coolant channel 2754 of cooled region 2734 (such as exemplary arrows in coolant channel 2754 It is shown).One or more air throttles 2724 and 2726 may each comprise the metering hole of the restriction orifice of firm discharge, regulating flow quantity Plate, controllable choke valve, other any suitable flow restriction features or its any combination.One or more Hes of air throttle 2724 2726 can promote the pressure of reduction throttling fluid, so may further result in the temperature and/or enthalpy of reduction throttling fluid.Reduction Fluid temperature (F.T.) and/or enthalpy can strengthen from cylinder 2720 cylinder barrel (such as diagram be provided for accommodate piston component 2710 Cylinder barrel) heat transfer.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2752 and 2754 can include tubular conduit, manifold or other Diversion component to provide the throttling stream from one or more air throttles 2724 and 2726 to the local space region of cylinder 2720 The flowing of body, and fluid is then back to fluid control systems (for example can wherein include reflux pipeline and container).It is living Plug engine 2700 can include the pressure stabilizing chamber 2722 of any suitable number, pressure stabilizing chamber 2722 can with but not necessarily interconnect. For example, pressure stabilizing chamber 2722 can include multiple pressure stabilizing chambers, each individually controllable local space region for thinking cylinder 2720 Selectable cooling is provided.In another example, pressure stabilizing chamber 2722 can include single pressure stabilizing chamber, and it is coupled to multiple Air throttle provides selectable cooling with the local space region for cylinder 2720.Multiple air throttles can with individually controllable, or with Other modes have distinctive current limliting property with the cooling in the one or more local space regions for controlling cylinder 2720.Some In embodiment, cylinder 2720 is cooled down using fluid is throttled can allow control temperature cylinder and cylinder 220 and piston component Gap between 2710.In certain embodiments, cylinder geometrical property (such as size, shape or above-mentioned both) direct or Connect the cooling that measurement can be used to control to realize by Local cooling agent passage 2752 and 2754 by control system.For example, can be with It is contemplated that burning zone 2730 is neighbouring, near TDC has higher operating temperature, and can provide enhanced cooling to region 2732 With limit temperature domain.In another example, in some cases, region 2732 can be provided the cooling weakened increase pair The cylinder barrel answered and related gap.Enhancing or decrease cooling can be by strengthening or weakening throttling action, the regulation section of air throttle Temperature, the flow velocity of regulation throttling fluid, other any suitable regulations or its any combination of fluid is flowed to provide.Throttle fluid Any appropriate coolant fluid can be included, coolant fluid can be liquid or gas.For example, throttling fluid can include Ethylene glycol, propane diols, water, alcohol, air, other any suitable fluids or its any combination (second two being for example diluted with water Alcohol).Cylinder 2720 can include being used for the appropriate segment supply fluid of piston-mode motor 2700 or from piston-mode motor Any appropriate port 2770 of 2700 appropriate segment discharge fluid (such as air, fuel, waste gas or its combination).

Figure 28 according to some implementations of the disclosure be illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor 2800 have Local cooling The sectional view of a part for agent passage 2826 (parallel to bore axis).Piston-mode motor 2800 can include having pressure stabilizing chamber 2822 cylinder 2820.Cylinder 2820 can include the cylinder barrel for being configured to accommodate piston component 2810, the structure of piston component 2810 Make and substantially linearly moved for the direction of the vector product along the axis substantially parallel to vector 2850 and 2860.Although scheming in Figure 28 The pressure stabilizing chamber of annular is shown as, but pressure stabilizing chamber 2822 can include any appropriate pipe shape, be provided for providing any conjunction Suitable flow path.Cooling agent can flow through air throttle 2824, flow into Local cooling agent passage 2826 to cool down in cylinder 2820 Corresponding area of space.In the illustrated embodiment, cooling agent is from the inward flow of air throttle 2824 (four in such as Figure 28 Shown in the arrow radially-inwardly referred to) and provided then along the vector product by vector 2850 and vector 2860 direction (perpendicular to The 2850 of Figure 28 plane × 2860) flow.The return flow path of cooling agent is not showed that in Figure 28, and can be included Radially, axially or the two flow path.In certain embodiments, air throttle 2824 can be in local fluid passage Fluid jet is generated in 2826, it can be impacted on the area of space in cylinder 2820, caused relatively enhanced in the region Convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection.Although being illustrated as that there are four symmetrical Local cooling agent passages 2826, piston-mode motor in Figure 28 2800 can include any suitable number, with any appropriate symmetrically or non-symmetrically structure setting in any suitable axial position Put and locate and the pressure stabilizing chamber coupled to any suitable number or the Local cooling agent passage in other cooling agents source.

Figure 29 according to some implementations of the disclosure be illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor 2900 have local heat source A part sectional view, the local heat source include electric heater 2922,2923,2924,2925,2926 and 2927.It is each Individual electric heater 2922,2923,2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can include being used to control to provide by appropriate control system To the voltage of heater, electric current, electrical power or one or more electrical lead of its combination.For example, electric heater 2922 and 2923 It can be used to provide heating (such as increasing cylinder 2920 to the region 2932 near burning zone 2930 alone or in combination Gap between piston component 2910).In another example, electric heater 2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can by with In the corresponding region 2934 and 2936 of heating.Local heat source's such as electric heater can be used to provide for the one or more of cylinder The relatively quick thermal control of area of space.In certain embodiments, cylinder geometrical property (such as size, shape or above-mentioned two Person) direct or indirect measurement can by control system be used for control local heat source.For example, each electric heater 2922, 2923rd, 2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can be by control system in response to the temperature detected, pressure, gap, blow-by gas Property, work(interaction, other any suitable indexs or its any combination are individually controlled.Cylinder 2920 can include being used for Appropriate segment supply fluid to piston-mode motor 2900 or the appropriate segment discharge fluid (example from piston-mode motor 2900 As air, fuel, waste gas or its combination) any appropriate port 2970.

Figure 30 is illustrated the section of a part for exemplary piston-mode motor 3000 according to some implementations of the disclosure Figure, including can be used to heating, cool down or above two purposes fluid passage 3022 and 3024.In some embodiments In, heating fluid, cooling fluid or it is above-mentioned both can be supplied to fluid passage 3022 and 3024, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 Can with but be not required interconnection.For example, fluid can be supplied to fluid passage 3022 and 3024 as shown in Figure 30 four arrows And discharged (such as the annular fluid passage for supplying and returning port) from fluid passage 3022 and 3024.Some In embodiment, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can be local heat source.For example, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can be with individually controllable To provide heating for corresponding region 3032 and 3034.Fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can heat fluid by using acting on Pipeline provides heating, and heating fluid can include for example previously heated cooling agent, the fluid of discharge and (for example come from burning The high-temperature combustion product of section), other any suitable heating fluids or its any combination.In certain embodiments, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can be used for the area of space that heats and cool down cylinder 3020.For example, heating fluid can be supplied to fluid Passage 3022 is to improve the temperature (such as increasing cylinder barrel diameter and gap) in region 3032, and cooling fluid can be supplied to Fluid passage 3024 is to reduce the temperature (such as reducing cylinder barrel diameter and gap) in region 3034.In another example, Heating fluid or cooling agent can be supplied to fluid passage 3022 according to the result of determination of control system.Cylinder 3020 can be wrapped Include the appropriate segment discharge for the appropriate segment supply fluid to piston-mode motor 3000 or from piston-mode motor 3000 Any appropriate port 3070 of fluid (such as air, fuel, waste gas or its combination).

In certain embodiments, cylinder can be configured to experience with being introduced for example under Figure 22 and Figure 27-30 background Cylinder controlled temperature or its change corresponding thermal deformation.Controlled temperature or its change can correspond to the local empty of cylinder Between region.Cooling agent, heating fluid, throttling fluid, resistance type heater, other any suitable parts for being used to control temperature Or the use of feature or its any combination can allow control system to control one or more properties of piston-mode motor for example Gap.

【The combination of various methods】

In certain embodiments, two or more in the above method can be combined.From feature placed in the middle, flow axis Hold, heating tube, coolant channel, deformable cylinder jacket and other any suitable parts or feature can be combined as To realize piston-mode motor according to the present disclosure.

For example, Figure 31 according to some implementations of the disclosure be illustrated exemplary piston component 3100 have seal 3104th, FDB element 3108 and the perspective view of the part from feature 3106 placed in the middle.Piston component 3100 can include living Plug face 3102, seal 3104, (do not show from feature 3106 placed in the middle, FDB element 3108, other any suitable parts Go out) or its any combination.In certain embodiments (as shown in the figure), it from feature 3106 placed in the middle can be seal 3104 one Point.For example, seal 3104 can include from feature 3106 placed in the middle, during it can be the step or bearing element of machining Other suitable features.(not shown), can be a part for piston area 3102 from feature 3106 placed in the middle in certain embodiments. For example, from feature 3106 placed in the middle can be step, one or more slot type recesses, tapered portion or piston component 3100 in it is included Other features.The gas supplied from any appropriate fluid source can be via internal fluid channels (not shown) in piston component Distributed in 3100, and can then flow through FDB element 3108 and (be shown as porous in Figure 31, but any conjunction can be used Suitable bearing element) in any appropriate part.

In another example, Figure 32 is illustrated exemplary piston-mode motor 3200 according to some implementations of the disclosure Sectional view, piston component 3210 therein has bearing element 3214, heating tube 3250 and from feature 3212 placed in the middle, and its In cylinder 3230 have deformable cylinder jacket 3232 and coolant channel 3236.Piston component 3210 can be configured to by Translated in the cylinder barrel of the formation of deformable cylinder jacket 3232 with gap 3260.The control of application is the cylinder jacket stream of appropriate pressure Body can be supplied to passage 3234 to adjust gap 3260 via port 3233.Bearing fluid can be supplied to passage 3218 and from Bearing element 3214 flow out and flow into gap 3260 with help to make piston component 3210 in cylinder barrel it is placed in the middle.From feature placed in the middle 3212 can aid in and make piston component 3210 placed in the middle in cylinder barrel.Suitable cooling agent can be supplied to cold in cylinder 3230 But agent passage 3236 from cylinder 3230 or various pieces therein to take away heat.Heating tube 3250 with filling port 3282 It can aid in the heat transmission radiated from piston area 3202 to another part of piston component 3210.Port 3270 can by with Come from a certain section in cylinder of waste gas in supply oxidant and/or fuel, supply and/or discharge driving gas or discharge. In certain embodiments, the combination of one or more methods may need to consider one or more additional factors.For example, at certain In a little embodiments, piston component can include being provided for providing from active force placed in the middle from feature placed in the middle using blow-by gas and It is provided for providing the bearing element of bearing fluid to gap.A part of blow-by gas may be therefore needed between from feature placed in the middle Clearance flow is moved to provide from active force placed in the middle.Under certain conditions, flowing of the blow-by gas in gap may be by changing Flow pattern of the bearing fluid in gap and the performance for having influence on bearing element.Therefore, from feature rear placed in the middle (relative to Burning zone) have in some embodiments of bearing element, blow-by gas can be being crossed from the gap portion near feature placed in the middle Afterwards but it is routed away from gap before the gap portion near bearing element is entered.In addition, in some set-up modes, Bearing element can include the set from feature placed in the middle and for hole that guide bearing fluid, to may extend to piston area.Cause This, in some such embodiments, it is not necessary to the means in gap are left using guiding blow-by gas.Previous example can Selection of land is applied to be additional to burning zone or the gas-powered section in addition to burning zone.

【Gap and/or the control of other properties】

In certain embodiments, it can be controlled or with other in terms of one or more of operation of piston-mode motor Mode is managed to influence temperature, gap, other any suitable properties or its any combination of piston-mode motor.At certain In a little embodiments, temperature, pressure or other suitable properties of control piston-mode motor can aid in management piston type hair Gap in motivation.For example, the relatively large temperature difference can cause the deformation of some parts of piston-mode motor for example to expand, Gap can so be influenceed.The control temperature difference and/or temperature field can aid in Reducing distortion, and correspondingly can aid in pipe Manage gap.Management gap, which can include management, can have influence on other any suitable properties in gap.

Figure 33 is to be used for the exemplary control device 3300 of piston-mode motor 3340 according to some embodiments of the disclosure Block diagram.Control system 3310 can communicate with one or more sensors 3330 coupled to piston-mode motor 3340. Control system 3310 can be arranged for communicating with accessory system 3320, and accessory system 3320 can be used for regulating piston formula hair The various aspects of motivation 3340 or various properties.In certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be arranged for by using Family interface system 3350 and user interaction.

Control system 3310 can include processing equipment 3312, communication interface 3314, sensor interface 3316, control interface 3318th, other any suitable parts or module or its any combination.Control system 3310 can at least in part at one or It is real in multiple computers, terminal, console, portable equipment, module, other any suitable interface equipments or its any combination It is existing.In certain embodiments, as shown in figure 33, the part of control system 3310 can carry out communication coupling by communication bus 3311 Close.Processing equipment 3312 can include processor (such as CPU), cache, random access storage device (RAM), Read-only storage (ROM), the piston-mode motor received by sensor interface 3316 from sensor 3330 can be handled Other any suitable parts of 3340 relevant information or its any combination.Sensor interface 3316 can include being used for biography Power supply, modulating apparatus, signal preprocessor, other any suitable parts or its any combination that sensor 3330 is powered. For example, sensor interface 3316 can be including being used to modulating and pre-processing the wave filter for the signal for coming from sensor 3330, putting Big device, sampler and analog-digital converter.Sensor interface 3316 can communicate by communicative couplings 3319 with sensor 3330, lead to Letter coupling 3319 can be wired connection (such as using IEEE802.3 Ethernet or USB), wireless coupling Close (such as using IEEE802.11 " Wi-Fi " or bluetooth), it is optical coupled, inductively, other any suitable coupled modes Or its any combination.Control system 3310 and be more particularly that processing equipment 3312 can be provided in the related time On yardstick control is provided for piston-mode motor 3340.For example, the change of one or more temperature can be in response to one or many The individual engine operating parameter detected but it is controllable, and control can be when the operation to piston-mode motor be related Between (for example to respond sufficiently fast to avoid overheat and/or unit failure) is provided on yardstick.

Sensor 3330 can include the sensor of any type, and it can be arranged for measuring piston engine Any appropriate property or aspect of machine 3340.In certain embodiments, sensor can include being arranged for measurement auxiliary System 3320 in a certain respect and/or the property of system one or more sensors.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can Including temperature sensor (such as thermocouple, resistive temperature detection means, thermistor or optic temperature sensor), to be set Put the temperature of part for measuring piston-mode motor 3340, introduce piston-mode motor 3340 or from piston-mode motor 3340 reclaim fluids temperature or it is above-mentioned both.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can include one or more Pressure sensor (such as piezoelectric pressure transmitter), is arranged for measuring a certain section (example of piston-mode motor 3340 As burning zone or gas-powered section) in pressure, introduce piston-mode motor 3340 or from piston-mode motor 3340 recovery The pressure of fluid or it is above-mentioned both.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can include one or more force snesor (examples Such as piezoelectric forces transmitter), it is arranged for measuring active force such as tension force, pressure or the shearing in piston-mode motor 3340 Power (can for example indicate the information of frictional force or other dependent interaction power).In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can be wrapped Include one or more electric currents and/or voltage sensor (for example coupled to piston-mode motor 3340 LEM ammeter and/or Voltmeter), it is arranged for measurement voltage, electric current, output work and/or input work (for example electric current is multiplied by voltage), piston type hair Motivation 3340 and/or other any suitable electrical properties of accessory system 3320 or its any combination.

Control interface 3318 can include wired connection (such as using IEEE 802.3 Ethernet or USB Interface), wireless coupling (such as using IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi ", bluetooth or others RF communication protocols), it is optical coupled, sense Should couple, other any suitable coupled modes or its any combination, for being communicated with one or more accessory systems 3320. In certain embodiments, control interface 3318 can include digital analog converter to provide for any or whole accessory system 3320 Analog control signal.

Accessory system 3320 can include cooling system 3322, control pressurer system 3324, gas-powered control system 3326 and/or other any suitable control systems 3328.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can include pump, fluid container, pressure Adjusting means, shunting device, radiator, fluid line, power circuit (such as electric heater), any other are suitable Part or its any combination with for piston-mode motor 3340 provide cooling, heating or it is above-mentioned both.Control pressurer system 3324 Can be including pump, compressor, fluid container, pressure-regulating device, fluid line, other any suitable parts or its any group Close to provide the fluid that (and alternatively receiving) is pressure controlled for piston-mode motor 3340.Gas-powered control system 3326 Compressor, gas container, pressure-regulating device, fluid line, other any suitable parts or its any combination can be included To provide (and alternatively receiving) driving gas for piston-mode motor 3340.In certain embodiments, other systems 3328, which can include such as cam-operated system or solenoid system of the system equipped with valve, thinks that piston-mode motor 3340 is carried Oxygen supply agent and/or fuel.

User interface 3315 can include wired connection (such as using IEEE 802.3 Ethernet or USB The connection of interface, choma formula sealed RCA-type), wireless coupling (such as using IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi ", infrared or bluetooth), It is optical coupled, inductively, other any suitable coupled modes or its any combination, for being connect with one or more users Port system 3350 communicates.User interface system 3350 can include display 3352, keyboard 3354, mouse 3356, audio frequency apparatus 3358th, other any suitable user interface facilities or its any combination.Display 3352 can include display screen such as negative electrode Ray tube display screen, LCDs, light emitting diode (LED) display screen, plasma panel, it is any other suitably can to Family provides figure, word, image or the display screen of other visual informations or its any combination.In certain embodiments, display 3352 can include touch-screen, and it can be provided and user for example, by providing one or more software instruction on a display screen Touch interactive.Display 3352 can be shown on piston-mode motor 3340, control system 3310, accessory system 3320th, any appropriate information (the time sequence of a certain property of such as piston-mode motor 3340 of user interface system 3350 Row), other any suitable information or its any combination.Keyboard 3354 can include qwerty keyboard, digital keypad, appoint Anticipate other suitable hardware instruction buttons set or its any combination.Mouse 3356 be able to can be controlled including any appropriate The cursor on graphic user interface or the pointing device of chart shown on a display screen.Mouse 3356 can include hand-held Equipment (for example can two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally move), touch pad, other any suitable pointing devices or its any combination.Audio Equipment 3358, which can include microphone, microphone, earphone, any other, to be suitably used to providing and/or receiving setting for audio signal Standby or its any combination.For example, audio frequency apparatus 3358 can include microphone, and processing equipment 3312 can be handled by user Audio instructions that generation is spoken to microphone, being received via user interface 3315.

In certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be arranged for by receive one or more user input come Artificial control is provided.For example, in certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be automatically controlled with sensor-based feedback override Setting, and will be set up for the control signal of accessory system 3320 in one or more of user for user interface system 3350 On the basis of input.In another example, user can be inputted for one or more control variable (such as temperature, pressures Power, flow velocity, input work/output work or its dependent variable) setting value, and control system 3310 can be performed based on setting value Control algolithm.

In certain embodiments, operating characteristics (the namely expectation of piston-mode motor 3340 or accessory system 3320 The set of matter value) both it can be predefined by manufacturer, user or more.For example, specific operating characteristics can be stored in place In the memory for managing equipment 3312, and one or more control signals can be accessed to provide.In certain embodiments, may be used To change one or more operating characteristicses by user.Device 3300 can be used to keeping, adjust or otherwise managing institute The operating characteristics stated.

Figure 34 is the exemplary steps in the gap for being used for regulating piston formula engine according to some embodiments of the disclosure Flow chart 3400.

Step 3402 can be using the detector gap index of sensor 3330.Gap index can be (such as cooling agent, Heat fluid, cylinder, piston or miscellaneous part or therein a part of) temperature, pressure, active force, distance (such as gap), Work(interaction (such as electromagnetic work output), material (such as blow-by gas or its property), other any suitable detectabilities Matter or its any combination.Sensor interface 3316 can receive the state for the gap index for coming from sensor 3330 and/or enter Row pretreatment, and to the output sensor signal of processing equipment 3312.In certain embodiments, gap index can store and with work One or more working conditions of plug engine are associated.For example, temperature cylinder can be associated with fuel flow rate, and store For mathematic(al) representation or table.Therefore, step 3402 can include one or more working conditions of detection piston-mode motor, and Re-call storage available for the temperature cylinder value further handled.

Step 3404 can be based at least partially on the gap index detected in step 3402 including processing equipment 3312 To determine control response.Processing equipment 3312 can receive sensor signal and based on sensor signal from sensor interface 3316 Perform one or more processing functions.Processing function, which can be included in input pickup in formula or other mathematic(al) representations, to be believed Number value, in inquiry table or other database using sensor signal value, other any suitable processing or its combine.Processing Equipment 3312 can determine control response based on the output of one or more processing functions.For example, the value calculated can be with making a reservation for Threshold value compare to determine suitable control response.In another example, one or more values calculated can be transfused to Control algolithm (such as proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algolithm), then can determine that one or more control signal values.

Step 3406 can include processing equipment 3312 based in part on the control response profit determined in step 3404 With control interface 3318 control signal is provided to one or more accessory systems 3320.Control signal can be analog signal, number Word signal or its combination (combination of such as analog signal and Time series signal), it can be provided as electric signal (for example Utilize cable), electromagnetic signal (for example utilizing IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi " or Bluetooth Receiver/transmitter), optical signal (for example Utilize fiber optic cables), induced signal (for example utilizing suitable induction coil) or other suitable signal types.

Step 3408 can include one or more accessory systems 3320 and receive in step 3406 acquisition for adjusting work The gap of plug engine 3340 or the control signal of other properties.One or more accessory systems 3320 can be based on offer Control signal is suitably adjusted to adjust pressure, temperature, flow velocity, glide path, electric current, voltage, electrical power, any other of realization Or its any combination.As shown in the dotted arrow in Figure 34, any or whole step 3402-3408 can repeat to permit Perhaps closed-loop control.In some embodiments it is possible to using open-loop method, wherein step 3402 can (but not essential) be omitted, And perform to open loop step 3404-3408.

In some set-up modes, the cylinder and/or piston component of piston-mode motor or the temperature of the fluid wherein included The main and convenient index that domain can be gap is spent, and temperature field correspondingly actively can be adjusted to adjust gap. In exemplary example, step 3402 (can for example be supplied to piston type including detection temperature such as temperature cylinder or cooling agent The cooling agent of the coolant channel of the cylinder of engine) temperature.Step 3404 can include determining that how to adjust temperature field with Keep or otherwise manage gap, and step 3406 can include providing corresponding control letter to suitable accessory system Number.For example, temperature cylinder can be raised by reducing the flow velocity of cooling agent, it can so increase gap by thermal expansion. In another example, temperature cylinder can be reduced by increasing the flow velocity of cooling agent, can so be subtracted by thermal contraction Small―gap suture.In another example, cooling agent in more than one group of fluid passage can be adjusted or heat the flow of fluid with Control the temperature field (for example, see Figure 22) in multiple regions in cylinder., can the control based on step 3406 with reference to previous example Signal processed, is closed by the regulation such as rotating speed of flow control valve, pump, bypass flow control valve, pressure-regulating device, any other The suitable flow for adjusting cooling agent for the control device of coutroi velocity or its any combination or heating fluid.Show at another In plasticity example, step 3402 can include the temperature of heating tube of the detection temperature for example in the cylinder of piston-mode motor (such as heating tube or the temperature of heating pipe fluid therein).Step 3404 can include determining that how to adjust temperature field to keep Or gap is otherwise managed, and step 3406 can include providing corresponding control signal to suitable accessory system.Example Such as, heating tube temperature can be by increasing the pressure of the fluid in heating tube (such as by adding fluid into heating tube or subtracting The volume of small heating tube) and raise, it can so increase gap.In another example, heating tube temperature can pass through reduction The pressure (such as by discharging fluid from heating tube or increasing the volume of heating tube) of heating tube and is reduced, between can so reducing Gap.With reference to previous example, can the control signal based on step 3406, pass through regulation for example flow control valve, pressure adjust Device, check-valves, it is any other it is suitable be used to controlling it is included appropriate in control devices and heating tube of heating pipe pressure Stream adjusting in (such as with fluid port or other adjustable features) heating tube of fluid port or its any combination The property of body.

Figure 35 is showing for one or more properties of regulating piston formula engine according to some embodiments of the disclosure The flow chart 3500 of plasticity step.

In some embodiments it is possible to utilize one or more detector gap indexs of sensor 3330.Sensor interface 3316 can receive primary signal from sensor 3330 and provide sensor signal to processing equipment 3312.For example, step 3502 It can for example be positioned to be in contact or be positioned near a part for cylinder with a part for cylinder using temperature sensor The thermocouple of (such as near burning zone) detects the temperature cylinder of piston-mode motor 3340.In some cases, cylinder temperature The rise of degree can represent to influence the cooling in gap not enough.In another example, step 3504 can be using temperature The part that degree sensor is for example positioned to be in contact or be positioned at a part for piston component piston component nearby (is for example lived Near plug face) thermocouple detect the piston temperature of piston-mode motor 3340.In some cases, the rise of piston temperature It can represent to influence the cooling in gap not enough.In another example, step 3506 can be using temperature sensor For example it is positioned to be in contact or be positioned near fluid with fluid (to be for example inserted into fluid line using suitable measurement port In) thermocouple come detect the fluid in piston-mode motor 3340 (can for example be supplied to piston-mode motor 3340 or From piston-mode motor 3340 discharge cooling agent, heating fluid or waste gas) temperature.For example, in some cases, cooling agent The rise of temperature can represent to influence the cooling in gap not enough.In another example, step 3507 can be using Pressure sensor is for example positioned to be in contact or be positioned near cooling agent with cooling agent (for example to insert using suitable measurement port Enter into pipeline) piezo-electric pick-up detect the burning zone in piston-mode motor 3340, gas-powered section, gap, cooling Agent, heating fluid, any other fluids or its pressure being combined.In another example, step 3508 can include For example it is positioned to be in contact or be positioned near the interface of part with the interface of part using force snesor and/or temperature sensor Piezo-electric pick-up and/or thermocouple detect the friction between the part in piston-mode motor 3340.In some cases, The enhancing of friction effect (heat that such as frictional force or friction are produced) can represent that gap is not enough.In another example, step 3509 can include one or more properties in the gap in detection piston-mode motor 3340.Described one or more properties Can include the thickness (such as using proximity sensor for example inductive pick-up) in gap, gap asymmetry it is (such as sharp With multiple proximity sensors for example inductive pick-up), temperature (for example utilizing temperature sensor), the blow-by gas of blow-by gas Pressure (for example utilizing pressure sensor), blow-by gas composition (for example using gas sensor for example fiber waveguide absorb pass Sensor) and other suitable properties or its any combination.In another example, step 3510 can be passed using electromagnetism Sensor (such as voltmeter, ammeter or power meter), pressure transmitter (for example detect pressure to calculate mean effective pressure (MEP) MEP, braking MEP and/or friction MEP are for example indicated) or other suitable sensor detection piston-mode motors 3340 Work(interacts to provide the instruction in gap.In some cases, the reduction of work(output or the increase of power input demand can refer to Show that gap is not enough and/or excessive.

Step 3512 can include processing equipment 3312 based in part on it is any or it is whole step 3502, 3504th, the gap index that detects in 3506,3508 and 3510 determines control response.Processing equipment 3312 can be from sensor Interface 3316 receives sensor signal and performs one or more processing functions based on sensor signal.Processing function can include In formula or other mathematic(al) representation input sensor signal value, in inquiry table or other databases use sensor Signal value, other any suitable processing or its combination.Processing equipment 3312 can be based on the defeated of one or more processing functions Go out to determine control response.For example, the value calculated can determine suitable control response compared with predetermined threshold value.Another In individual example, one or more values calculated can be transfused to control algolithm (such as pid control algorithm), then can determine that one Individual or multiple control signal value.

Step 3514 can include processing equipment 3312 based in part on the control response profit determined in step 3512 With control interface 3318 control signal is provided to one or more accessory systems 3320.Control signal can be analog signal, number Word signal or its combination (combination of such as analog signal and Time series signal), it can be provided as electric signal (for example Utilize cable), electromagnetic signal (for example utilizing IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi " or Bluetooth Receiver/transmitter), optical signal (for example Utilize fiber optic cables), induced signal (for example utilizing suitable induction coil) or other suitable signal types.

In certain embodiments, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by one or more accessory systems 3320, The accessory system 3320 can be with the gap of regulating piston formula engine 3340 or other properties.For example, as shown in step 3516, Control signal in step 3514 can be received by cooling/heating systems 3322, and cooling/heating systems 3322 can adjust cooling Agent or the temperature for heating fluid.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can include thermostat or other temperature adjustment dresses Put, can be adjusted according to control signal and be supplied to the cooling agent of piston-mode motor 3340 in step 3516 or heat the temperature of fluid Degree.In another example, step 3516 can include the one or more throttling properties of regulation to control the fluid temperature (F.T.) that throttles Cooling/heating systems 3322.In another example, as shown in step 3518, the control signal in step 3514 can be by cold But/heating system 3322 is received, and cooling/heating systems 3322 can adjust cooling agent or heat the flow velocity of fluid.Cooling/heating System 3322 can include flow regulator (such as metering valve or orifice plate), can be according to control signal regulation in step 3518 It is supplied to the cooling agent of piston-mode motor 3340 or heats the flow velocity of fluid.In another example, step 3518 can be wrapped The one or more throttling properties of regulation are included to control the cooling/heating systems 3322 of throttling rate of flow of fluid.In another example, As shown in step 3520, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by cooling/heating systems 3322, cooling/heating systems 3322 can adjust cooling agent in step 3520 or heat the glide path of fluid.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can include one Individual or multiple valves, air throttle or other volume control devices, can be supplied to piston type according to control signal guiding and control Engine 3340 go to and/or the cooling agent from one or more fluid passage or heat fluid flow velocity.At another In example, as shown in step 3522, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by control pressurer system 3324, Stress control System 3324 can adjust one or more properties of heating tube in step 3522.Control pressurer system 3324 can include one Or multiple valves and fluid container, and can be according to control signal (such as by heating tube supply fluid or from heating tube Discharge fluid) regulating piston formula engine 3340 heating tube in Fluid pressure.In another example, such as step 3524 Shown, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by control pressurer system 3324, and control pressurer system 3324 can be adjusted Pressure and/or flow for the cylinder jacket fluid of the deformable cylinder jacket of piston-mode motor 3340.Control pressurer system 3324 can include one or more valves, pump and fluid container, and can be according to control signal (such as by raising or dropping Pressure in low cylinder jacket passage comes) pressure and/or flow velocity of regulation cylinder jacket fluid, and correspondingly regulating piston formula engine The deformation of 3340 deformable cylinder jacket.In another example, as shown in step 3526, the control signal in step 3514 can To be received by other systems 3328, other systems 3328 can be with the one or more of regulating piston formula engine 3340 Matter.Other systems 3328 can include any appropriate part to realize in step 3526 based in part on control One or more properties of Signal Regulation piston-mode motor 3340.For example, other systems 3328 can include use is set In to the power supply for being built in one or more of piston-mode motor 3340 resistance type heater and providing electric power, and step 3526 can include regulation be supplied to the voltage of resistance type heater, electric current or it is above-mentioned both.

Arbitrary exemplary steps can be combined with other steps according to the disclosure, saved in flow chart 3400-3500 Slightly, reset or otherwise change.

The above is only the exemplary illustrated of disclosure principle, and those skilled in the art can complete various changes Type is without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.In order to which exemplary and nonrestrictive purpose provides the above embodiments.The disclosure The diversified forms different from the content clearly introduced herein can be used.Therefore, it be stressed that the disclosure be not limited to it is bright Mthods, systems and devices disclosed in really, but be construed as including falling within the essence of the appended claims, disclosure Various modifications and variations.

Claims

1. a kind of piston component, the piston component is configured to utilize cylinder of the aerostatic bearing along piston-mode motor Cylinder barrel axis translation, the piston component includes：

Piston area, the piston area is configured to contact the burning zone of the cylinder；And

At least one heating tube, at least one heating tube can：

Heat is transmitted from the piston component to the Part I of at least one heating tube, and

From the Part II of at least one heating tube to heat container transmit heat, wherein the heat container be bearing element, One or more in gap, the cylinder barrel surface and piston rod of cylinder,

Wherein, the piston component is configured to carry out oil-free operation.

2. piston component as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one heating tube and the piston area are direct or indirect Thermal contact.

3. piston component as claimed in claim 1, further comprises the fluid included at least one heating tube.

4. piston component as claimed in claim 3, wherein include can be in the piston-mode motor runtime for the fluid Between experience liquid/vapor conversion fluid.

5. piston component as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fluid is constituted from by water, ethanol, ammoniacal liquor, sodium and combinations thereof Group in select.

6. piston component as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one heating tube can be sealed to be maintained at described The constant volume of the fluid included at least one heating tube.

7. piston component as claimed in claim 3, wherein the linear movement of the piston component contribute to conveying it is described extremely The fluid included in a few heating tube, thereby assists in from the piston component and transmits heat.

8. piston component as claimed in claim 1, further comprises one or many coupled at least one heating tube Individual fluid port, wherein the fluid port allows to add at least one heating tube supply fluid or from described at least one Removing fluids in heat pipe.

9. piston component as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one heating tube is included from by copper, aluminium, steel, stainless At least one material selected in the group that steel, nickel alloy and bronze are constituted.

10. piston component as claimed in claim 1, further comprises piston framework, wherein the piston area is rigidly connected to The piston framework, and wherein described at least one heating tube is rigidly connected to the piston framework.

11. piston component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating tube is configured to control the temperature of the piston component Degree, so as to manage the gap formed between the piston component and the cylinder.