CN104104130B - The active cell balance of voltage compensation - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of monitoring device, including: input terminal, described input terminal is configured to receive input signal from battery system management (BSM)；Lead-out terminal, described lead-out terminal is configured as output to the battery parameter for determining open battery voltage, described open battery voltage is associated with in the multiple batteries in described set of cells, and described set of cells is connected to described monitoring device based on the input signal received from described BSM；Processor；And the memorizer of storage executable instruction, described executable instruction is used for making described processor: measure the cell voltage being associated with the one in the multiple batteries in described set of cells；The voltage drop that the balanced balanced current measured and measure is associated；By based on described measurement to voltage drop adjust the cell voltage that arrives of described measurement, calculate described open battery voltage；And balance described set of cells based on the described open battery voltage calculated, wherein balance and calculate described open battery voltage and carry out simultaneously.

Description

The active cell balance of voltage compensation

Related application

This application claims filed in 5 days April in 2013, entitled " the active cell static organ that float charge voltage compensates makes battery Capacity restoration maximizes and improves the safety of battery module design " the rights and interests of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/809,192, The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by.

Background technology

Major part set of cells monitor (BSM) is connected directly to set of cells, and can only measure single cell voltage.Logical The passive equilibrium (Passive balancing) crossing the carrying out of field effect transistor (MOSFET) and resistor is normally used for balance Cell voltage and/or the electric charge of battery storage.During BSM measures cell voltage, it may be necessary to close battery equilibrium；Otherwise, Significant reading (reading) mistake may be introduced.This may be owing to cable resistance, interconnection impedance, battery impedance and interior Resistor pressure drop (IR drop) in portion's battery equivalent series resistor (ESR).Due to these resistor pressure drops, battery equilibrium Dutycycle is likely to reduced or balance is probably impossible in some cases.Do not have known in actively or passively balance period Between at ESR, electric wire and for calculating compensating resistor pressure drop (IR in the adapter of accurate battery float voltage Drops) alternative method.In the field of business have based on by compensating for battery ESR during the charge and discharge of whole set of cells The method calculating float charge voltage, but balance during not being suitable for battery measurement.

So, there is demand during balancing, enable BSM measurement battery voltage measurement, and overcome the measurement during balance Error (such as the error compensation of battery float voltage), this allows a balance control circuit to pacify during the charging and discharging of battery Entirely operate, increase equilibrium duty cycle and optimize scale and the cost of balance control circuit.

Summary of the invention

In a total aspect, This application describes a kind of monitoring device, described monitoring device is configured in set of cells Open battery voltage is monitored during balance.Described monitoring device includes that input terminal, described input terminal are configured to from battery system Reason under the overall leadership (BSM) receives input signal；Lead-out terminal, described lead-out terminal is configured as output to for determining open battery voltage Battery parameter, described open battery voltage is associated with in the multiple batteries in set of cells, described set of cells based on from The input signal that BSM receives is connected to described monitoring device；Processor；And the memorizer of storage executable instruction, described Executable instruction is used for making described processor: measure the battery being associated with the one in multiple batteries in described set of cells Voltage；The voltage drop that the balanced balanced current measured and measure is associated；Adjusted by the voltage drop arrived based on described measurement and measure The cell voltage arrived, calculates open battery voltage；And balance described set of cells based on the described open battery voltage calculated, Wherein balance and calculate open battery voltage to carry out simultaneously.

It is one or more that above-mentioned total aspect can include in following feature.Described monitoring device can be at BSM and battery Between group, and can farther include: integrated power supply switchs；And analog multiplexer, described analog multiplexer configures For providing measurable parameter, described survey based on the input signal received on described input terminal on described lead-out terminal Amount parameter includes balancing the cell voltage of the one in the multiple batteries in the described set of cells enabled, the electricity of balance disabling Voltage that cell voltage is proportional to balanced balanced current and the proportional voltage of the internal chip temperature of monitoring device and/or signal Exchange (handshake) voltage.Described signal exchange voltage can determine by the degree of accuracy of BSM survey measurements.

Described monitoring device can farther include the current sense amplifier for measuring balanced balanced current, and wherein memorizer enters One step storage executable instruction, described executable instruction actively monitors the balance electricity of described monitoring device for making described processor Stream, and for calculating voltage drop based on the balanced balanced current monitored, to avoid the one in the plurality of battery flat Overcharge during weighing apparatus or undercharge.Described monitoring device can include monolithic flyback DC/DC transducer.Described memorizer can enter One step storage executable instruction, described executable instruction is used for making described processor: the input signal received on input terminal The first trailing edge on, activate described monitoring device；Create the time window of a definition widow time, at described time window Interior described monitoring device is movable；The number of the negative pulse on calculating input terminal during described time window；In output The signal exchange voltage corresponding to negative counting known to last on input terminal is exported on terminal；And once institute State time window to expire, number based on the negative pulse calculated, export the voltage proportional to battery parameter.

Described monitoring device can connect (connection) by single-line type battery and be connected to set of cells, at described single-line type During battery connects, the grounding connection of described monitoring device to set of cells is connected with the Vcell of another monitoring device to set of cells Share common path.Described memorizer can store executable instruction further, and described executable instruction is used for making described process Device calculates described open battery voltage: V based on equation below_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·(R_n-1,A+R_n,B)-I_n-1·R_n-1,B-I_n+1· R_n,A+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL

Wherein, V_n,AFor the open battery voltage relevant to the one in the plurality of battery, V_n,BFor described monitoring Device is the cell voltage that a measurement in multiple battery is arrived, R_n-1,AAnd R_n-1,BFor with the ground connection being connected described monitoring device The resistance that the circuit of the negativity terminal of terminal and battery is associated, R_n,AAnd R_n,BFor with the V being connected described observation circuit_CELLPin And the resistance that is associated of the circuit of positivity terminal of described battery, R (pin)_n,CELLFor with the one in the plurality of battery Below battery and above battery not there is the resistance that all impedances of overlapping trees cause, I_nFor with the plurality of electricity The balanced balanced current that said one in pond is associated, I_n-1For with the one in the plurality of battery below battery phase The balanced balanced current of association, I_n+1For the balanced balanced current being associated with the above battery of the one in the plurality of battery, with And I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery.

Described monitoring device can connect (connection) by two-wire system battery and be connected to set of cells, at described two-wire system During battery connects, the grounding connection of described monitoring device to set of cells not Vcell with the second monitoring device to set of cells is connected Sharing common path, described second observation circuit closes on and below observation circuit.Described memorizer can store further Executable instruction, described executable instruction is used for making described processor calculate relevant to described observation circuit based on equation below The impedance of connection:

Wherein: V_n,MODE0Corresponding to described monitoring device The cell voltage of the disabled one in the plurality of battery, V_n,MODE1The institute being activated corresponding to described monitoring device State the cell voltage of in multiple battery, I_nFor the balanced balanced current being associated with the one in the plurality of battery, I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery, and R_n,CELLD.C. resistance in the plurality of battery (DCR) and connect resistance.

Described memorizer can store executable instruction further, and described executable instruction is used for making described process Device is based on equation below two-wire system battery connection calculating open battery voltage:Wherein, V_n,AFor with the institute in the plurality of battery State an open battery voltage being associated, V_n,BIt is that the one measurement in the plurality of battery is arrived for described monitoring device Voltage, R_nFor the V with the monitoring device of the one being connected in the plurality of battery_CELLThe impedance that pin is associated, R_n-1For the impedance being associated with the monitoring device of the battery below the one being connected in the plurality of battery, R_n,CELL DCR and connection resistance, I in the plurality of battery_nFor be associated with the one in the plurality of battery Balanced balanced current, I_n-1For the balanced balanced current being associated with the battery below the one in the plurality of battery, and I_MOD For simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery.

Described memorizer can store executable instruction further, described executable instruction be used for making described processor measure with Voltage Drop (droop) that one in the plurality of battery is associated based on described Voltage Drop and described voltage drop (drop) open battery voltage is calculated.Threshold time in the monitoring device being associated with the one in the plurality of battery After unlatching, described Voltage Drop can be added in described voltage drop calculate open battery voltage.

In the aspect that another one is total, the present invention describes a kind of system, and described system includes: multiple modules, each Module includes set of cells, the observation circuit of the above-mentioned one in the multiple batteries balancing described set of cells, and Manage for measuring the modular system of open-circuit voltage, wherein measure open battery voltage and balancing battery is carried out simultaneously；Module- To-group (module-to-stack)-static organ, described module-to-organize static organ and coupled to the plurality of module, and include many Individual static organ, each static organ is associated with in the plurality of module, described module-be configured to-group-static organ Balance the electric charge of the voltage between described module or storage.

In the aspect that another one is total, the present invention describes the active cell-balancing method that a kind of IR compensates, including step Rapid: at the input terminal of monitoring device and from battery system management (BSM), to receive input signal；In response to described input letter Number, activate the described monitoring device of be coupled in the multiple batteries in the set of cells of described monitoring device for balance； Measure and a cell voltage being associated in the plurality of battery；The voltage that the balanced balanced current measured and measure is associated Fall；Measure, by adjusting based on the voltage drop measured, the cell voltage arrived, processor calculate and in the plurality of battery The open battery voltage that one is associated；And the open battery voltage calculated based on described processor balances described electricity Pond group, wherein balances and calculates described open battery voltage and carry out simultaneously.

It is one or more that total aspect above can include in following feature.Described method can further include at defeated Go out and provide measurable parameter, wherein, described measurement parameter bag based on the input signal received on input terminal on terminal Include the cell voltage of one in the multiple batteries in the described set of cells that enables of balance, the cell voltage of balance disabling, The voltage proportional to balanced balanced current and the proportional voltage of the internal chip temperature of monitoring device and/or signal exchange (handshake) voltage.Described method can farther include actively to monitor the balanced balanced current of described monitoring device；And based on prison The balanced balanced current measured calculates voltage drop, to avoid the one in the plurality of battery overcharge during balancing or fill Electricity is not enough.

Described monitoring device can include monolithic flyback DC/DC transducer.Activate described monitoring device to comprise the steps that at input Activating described monitoring device on first trailing edge of the input signal received on son, described method farther includes: create one The time window of definition widow time, in described time window, described monitoring device is movable；In the described time window phase Between calculate the number of negative pulse on input terminal；And the most described time window expires, number based on the negative pulse calculated The voltage that amount output is proportional to battery parameter.Calculate described open battery voltage can include calculating open circuit based on equation below Voltage:

V_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·(R_n-1,A+R_n,B)-I_n-1·R_n-1,B-I_n+1·R_n,A+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL

Wherein, V_n,AFor the open battery voltage being associated with the one in the plurality of battery, V_n,BFor described prison Surveying device is the cell voltage that the one measurement in multiple battery is arrived, R_n-1,AAnd R_n-1,BFor be connected described monitoring device The resistor that is associated with the circuit of the negativity terminal of battery of ground terminal, R_n,AAnd R_n,BFor be connected described observation circuit V_cellThe resistor that pin is associated with the circuit of the positivity terminal of battery, R_n,CELLFor with described in the plurality of battery Battery below individual and battery above do not have the resistor that all impedances of overlapping trees cause, I_nFor many with described The balanced balanced current that one in individual battery is associated, I_n-1For with the one in the plurality of battery below electricity The balanced balanced current that pond is associated, I_n+1For the balance electricity being associated with the above battery of the one in the plurality of battery Stream, and I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery in module, described module include described monitoring device and BSM。

Described method can farther include to calculate and the monitoring electricity for calculating open battery voltage based on equation below The impedance that road is relevant:

Wherein: V_n,MODE0Corresponding to described monitoring device The cell voltage of the disabled one in the plurality of battery, V_n,MODE1The institute being activated corresponding to described monitoring device State the cell voltage of one in multiple battery, I_nFor the balance electricity being associated with the one in the plurality of battery Stream, I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery, and R_n,CELLD.C. resistance and company in multiple batteries Connecting resistance.

Calculate described open battery voltage can include calculating open-circuit voltage: V based on equation below_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·R_n+ (I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL-I_n-1·R_n-1, wherein: V_n,AFor the open-circuit cell being associated with the one in the plurality of battery Voltage, V_n,BIt is the cell voltage that the one measurement in the plurality of battery is arrived for described monitoring device, R_nFor be connected to The V of the monitoring device of the one in the plurality of battery_CELLThe impedance that pin is associated, R_n-1For be connected to described many The impedance that the monitoring device of the battery below one in individual battery is associated, R_n,CELLFor in the plurality of battery The DCR of one and connection resistance, I_nFor the balanced balanced current being associated with the one in the plurality of battery, I_n-1For with institute State the balanced balanced current that the battery below the one in multiple battery is associated, and I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through in module The electric current of the plurality of battery, described module includes described monitoring device and BSM.

In in another general aspect, the present invention describes a kind of monitoring device, and described monitoring device includes: input Son, described input terminal is configured to receive input signal from battery system management (BSM)；Lead-out terminal, described lead-out terminal is joined It is set to the battery parameter exported for determining open battery voltage, in the multiple batteries in described open battery voltage and set of cells One be associated, described set of cells is connected to described monitoring device based on the input signal received from BSM；Processor；And The memorizer of storage executable instruction, described executable instruction is used for making described processor: measure multiple with in described set of cells The cell voltage that one in battery is associated；The voltage drop that the balanced balanced current measured and measure is associated；Pass through base In described measurement to voltage drop adjust and measure the cell voltage that arrives and calculate open battery voltage；Calculate and in the plurality of battery The capacity that is associated of one；Storage based on the one in the described the plurality of battery of the calculation of capacity calculated Electric charge；Based on set of cells described in the described storage charge balance calculated, wherein balance and calculate open battery voltage simultaneously Carry out.

Described memorizer can farther include to store executable instruction, and described executable instruction is used for making described processor base In equation below calculating capacity:Wherein: Δ Q_nRepresent a time cycle The variable quantity of the storage electric charge in the one in interior the plurality of battery, Δ %SOC_nRepresent institute within the described time cycle The percentage ratio of the state of charge (SOC) stating the one in multiple battery changes, and Capacity_nRepresent the plurality of electricity The capacity of the one in pond.

In order to calculate described open battery voltage, described memorizer can store executable instruction further and open to calculate first Road voltage and the second open-circuit voltage, and calculate SOC percentage ratio change, described memorizer store executable instruction further so that With consulting table (look-up table), described inquiry table is configured to make the first open battery voltage and the first percentage ratio SOC phase Close, make the second open battery voltage and the second percentage ratio SOC be correlated with, in order between the first percentage ratio SOC and the second percentage ratio SOC Difference corresponding to SOC percentage ratio change.Described memorizer can store executable instruction further, and described executable instruction is used Described capacity: Q is calculated based on equation below in making described processor_n=%SOC_n·Capacity_n, wherein: %SOC_nRepresent The percentage ratio SOC of the one in the plurality of battery, and Capacity_nRepresent the one in the plurality of battery Capacity.

These overall and concrete aspects can use system, method or computer program or any system, side The combination of method and computer program is implemented.

The details of one or more embodiment is illustrated in accompanying drawing and following description.Further feature is from description, accompanying drawing And claim will be apparent from.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Only the most by way of example rather than by the way of restriction, depict in the accompanying drawings and meet the teachings of the present invention One or more embodiments.In the accompanying drawings, similar reference refers to same or analogous element.

Fig. 1 illustrates exemplary battery management system (BMS)；

Fig. 2 illustrates the exemplary configuration of the exemplary monitoring integrated circuit shown in Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 A-3C illustrates exemplary basic communication structure, and described communication structure can be utilized for the prison shown in Fig. 1 Survey integrated circuit setting program；

Fig. 4 illustrates for extracting given parameter V from the prominent monitoring integrated circuit shown in Fig. 1_PARExemplary side Method；

Fig. 5 A illustrates the example procedure of the signal exchange voltage for determining the monitoring integrated circuit shown in Fig. 1, once Measure every 4th passage of each module；

Fig. 5 B illustrates the example procedure of the signal exchange voltage for determining the monitoring integrated circuit shown in Fig. 1, once Measure every 3rd passage of each module；

Fig. 6 A illustrates that the single-line type battery between monitoring integrated circuit and the set of cells shown in Fig. 1 connects；

Fig. 6 B illustrates that the two-wire system battery between monitoring integrated circuit and set of cells connects；

Fig. 7 A-7C illustrates the figure of the calculating channel impedance of the monitoring integrated circuit with single line configuration shown in Fig. 1 Represent；

Fig. 7 D illustrates the macrograph of the whole set of cells with more than one module；

Fig. 8 illustrates that the figure of the calculating channel impedance of the monitoring integrated circuit with bi-filar arrangement represents；

Fig. 9 illustrates the demonstrative circuit of the ESR for measuring set of cells；

Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B be shown respectively the open circuit opened in single line configuration circuit connect above battery result and Open the open circuit in bi-filar arrangement circuit and connect the result of following battery；

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B is shown respectively and set of cells is applied load or electric charge to detect open a way or the battery of disappearance；

The advantage that Figure 11 C illustrates the many ADC structure for common mode correction；

Figure 12 illustrates exemplary heat exchange protection circuit, and described heat exchange protection circuit provides and is used for preventing set of cells heat Exchange to the mechanical solution in battery management system (BMS) plate；

Figure 13 A and 13B illustrates two exemplary heat exchange protection circuits, and each heat exchange protection circuit provides and is used for preventing Only by active (active) solution in set of cells heat exchange to battery management system (BMS) plate；

Figure 14 shows exemplary circuit, and in described circuit, connection observation circuit is placed on to the switch of transformator The outside of observation circuit；

Figure 15 A illustrates (enabled) bidirectional energy transmission that monitoring integrated circuit as shown in Figure 14 enables；

Figure 15 B illustrates the directed energy transmission that monitoring integrated circuit as shown in Figure 1 enables；

Figure 15 C illustrates that DC/DC converter switch resides in the unidirectional charger of battery pack side and drives the two of single battery Pole is managed；

Figure 16 A and 16B is shown in the effect of battery terminal balance；

Figure 17 illustrates that the method for derivative is to explain voltage drop；

Figure 18 illustrates module-to the use of-group (module-to-stack) static organ, and wherein flyback converter is configured to Unidirected discharge；Although described transducer can be configured to as unidirectional charger or bidirectional transducer；

Figure 19 A illustrates the subordinate static organ of multiple parallel connection；

Figure 19 B illustrates the main static organ of multiple parallel connection；

Figure 20 illustrates specific curve, this curve open battery voltage is associated with charged state (SOC) and load The voltage arrived measured by terminal voltage and set of cells monitor (BSM)；

Figure 21 illustrates the charging ramp of three batteries with different full charge capacities；And

Figure 22 illustrates the functional schematic block diagram monitoring the firmware that integrated circuit is associated with the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

In the following detailed description, many details are stated by way of example, in order to provide relevant teachings (teachings) thorough understanding.But, the present invention does not has these details can also implement be apparent from.At it In his example, it is thus well known that method, program, parts and/or circuit are retouched with relatively high level (high-level) State and do not describe details, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various aspects of the invention.

The monitoring integrated circuit of the application can be configured to during set of cells balances, loads and charge accurately monitor open Road cell voltage.Described monitoring integrated circuit can be the list of the high pressure group being designed on one's own initiative (actively) balancing battery Sheet inverse-excitation type DC/DC transducer.In one embodiment, described DC/DC transducer can be any configuration, includes but not limited to Flyback converter.The high efficiency of switching regulator (switching regulator) can be significantly increased to reduce the product of heat The balanced balanced current obtained time raw.Active balancing can allow the capacity restoration in the group of unmatched battery, and this is to put down with passive The heroic undertaking (feat) that balance system possibly cannot realize.In typical system, the total battery capacity more than 99% can be extensive Multiple., the electric charge that removes from single battery can be returned group top, or returns to the combination of any battery, or returns to outside rail Road (rail).

Described monitoring integrated circuit can include integrated 6A, 50V on and off switch, reduces the application circuit and relates to complexity. Described monitoring integrated circuit can depart from the battery of its electric discharge and run completely, eliminates the complexity typically requiring external power switch The needs of bias scheme.Described monitoring integrated circuit includes analog multiplexer (MUX), and can be placed on set of cells And between BSM.The enable pin (DIN) of described monitoring integrated circuit is designed to and a BSM seamless co-operation.Described monitoring Integrated circuit can provide some measurable parameters to the input of BSM.Described measurable parameter can include the electricity of balance disabling Voltage that cell voltage, the cell voltage that enables of balance are proportional to balanced balanced current and static organ internal core temperature proportional Voltage and/or some reference voltages.Described monitoring integrated circuit can allow cell voltage, balance/electric discharge electricity during balancing The measurement of stream, redundant reference, internal failure modes, battery impedance, cable resistance, interconnection impedance and/or open battery voltage And/or calculate.

Now example illustrated in the accompanying drawings and as discussed below is done referring in detail to (Reference).

Fig. 1 shows exemplary battery management system (BMS) 100.BMS 100 includes monitoring integrated circuit 110, BSM Chip (chip) 130 and blocks current detection amplifier 140.Monitoring integrated circuit 110 and battery module 120 and BSM core Sheet 130 communicates.Described BSM chip 130 can be considered as accurate voltage meter, and is configured in battery module 120 Battery measurement to analog voltage and the simulation output of blocks current detection amplifier 140 be converted to can be by centre Reason device (CPU) or the numerical data of microcomputer reads.In a specific example, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 includes LT8584.But, BSM chip 130 is not limited to use the scheme of LT8584 with the communication of described monitoring integrated circuit 110, and The other kinds of communication between BSM chip 130 and described monitoring integrated circuit 110 can be used.

In a specific example, BSM chip 130 includes the LTC680x of voltage monitoring chip (IC) family, described LTC680x has 12 passages for measuring 12 batteries in battery module 120 and some can be configured to simulation Universal input/the output (" GPIO ") (General Purpose Input/Output) of input or numeral input or output is led to Road.Each passage of 12 passages of BSM chip 130 includes two pins.The two pin includes C pin 132 and S pin 134.C pin 132 is used for reading battery measurement parameter from described monitoring integrated circuit 110.S pin 134 is used for enabling also Communicate with described monitoring integrated circuit 110.Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 can be actively or passively balancing circuitry.Passive flat Weighing apparatus circuit implements field effect transistor (MOSFETs) and resistor is normally used for by from having the voltage higher than specific threshold Battery extracts energy and carrys out balanced voltage.To this end, described passive equilibrium can consume substantial amounts of heat and may not profit By the advantage of energy regenerating.Further, the possible heating of the resistor in passive equilibrium circuit, thus only allow limited amount electric current quilt Release.Additionally, described passive equilibrium circuit can greatly reduce can the electric charge that removes of the battery from battery module 120 Amount.

In another is implemented, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 can be active balancing circuit rather than passive equilibrium electricity Road.Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is inserted between battery module 120 and BSM chip 130, and includes output pin 112 He Input pin 114.Described input pin 114 is connected to the S pin 134 of BSM chip 130, and is configured to connect from S pin 134 Receive and enable signal.Described output pin 112 is connected to C pin 132, and is configured to C pin 132 and carries to BSM chip 130 For different measurements (measurements).Described different measurement includes along with described monitoring integrated circuit 110 opens (ON) The voltage taken away or discharge current, or along with described monitoring integrated circuit 110 closes the voltage of (OFF).With described monitoring collection The voltage measurement becoming circuit 110 to open (ON) or closedown (OFF) makes processor energy together with the current measurement during battery discharge Enough determine the connection impedance of described monitoring integrated circuit 110 and battery.

Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is configured to during set of cells balances, loads and charge monitor open-circuit cell electricity Pressure.At present, known mechanism is not had can be balanced when monitoring open battery voltage on one's own initiative.This is by being incorporated into voltage Medium errors in measurement causes, described medium errors be by with described monitoring integrated circuit 110 and battery module 120 it Between connect what relevant voltage drop (IR drops) caused.Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 can measure described voltage drop, and Therefore cell voltage can accurately be measured by compensating voltage drop.Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is possible can be on one's own initiative (actively) monitoring balanced balanced current, and may be it can be avoided that battery mistake in battery module 120 by calculating voltage drop Degree charging or undercharge.Similarly, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 may be it can be avoided that electricity from battery module 120 Pond removes the electric charge more than or less than specific threshold.Go out, from single battery, the electric charge removed and can be sent back to organize top, or return To the combination of any battery, or return to external orbital (rail).

In order to a specific example is described, it is assumed that have weak (weak) battery, in this battery ratio pond group module 120 Other batteries more aging.During charging process, described weak battery may be charged before other batteries, and has Time overcharge because it due to corrosion there is less capacity to retain electric charge.When the electric charge of described weak battery reaches one Time more than fixed threshold value, it is not necessary to described monitoring integrated circuit 110, charging operations may be stopped to avoid to overcharge described weak Battery and damage battery module 120.As a result, described weak battery may be electrically charged in an acceptable threshold value, but In battery module 120, remaining battery may undercharge.Replacing stopping charging operations, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is Described weak battery redistributes energy from described weak battery to whole battery module 110.Described monitoring integrated circuit 110 can continue This process continuous is until all of battery charges in acceptable threshold value.Similarly, when battery is discharged, described weak battery can Discharge quickly than other batteries in battery module 110.In this case, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is from battery Other batteries in group module 120 redistribute electric charge to all of battery, until all of battery in acceptable threshold value All charge discharges in interior permission use group.

In a specific example, described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is the high pressure being designed to balancing battery on one's own initiative The monolithic inverse-excitation type DC/DC transducer of group.The high efficiency of switching regulator (switching regulator) significantly increases The balanced balanced current obtained when reducing the generation of heat.To this end, the active balancing of described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is better than traditional quilt Dynamic balancing circuit.Active balancing allows also to the capacity restoration in the group of unmatched battery, and this is can by passive balance system The heroic undertaking (feat) that can cannot realize.In typical system, the total battery capacity more than 99% can be resumed.Described prison Survey integrated circuit 110 and include integrated 6A, 50V on and off switch, be used for reducing the application circuit and relate to complexity.This part is permissible The battery departing from its electric discharge runs completely, and removes the needs of the complicated bias scheme typically requiring external power switch.Should The enable pin (DIN) of part is designed to and any battery voltage detection chip (ICs) seamless co-operation.

Fig. 2 shows the exemplary configuration of a monitoring integrated circuit.Described monitoring integrated circuit 210 is configured to permit Permitted during balancing cell voltage, balance/discharge current, redundant reference, internal failure modes, battery impedance, cable resistance, mutually Connect impedance and the measurement of open battery voltage and/or calculating.

Described monitoring integrated circuit 210 is connected to BSM230, and includes output pin 212, input pin 214, electricity Resistance device timer 216, enumerator 218, analog multiplexer 240, controller 242.Described output pin 212 is connected to The C port 232 of BSM ' 230 passive equilibrium port (such as, any C port being labeled as C1, C2 etc., 232), and be selected.Institute State input pin 214 and be connected to any S port 234 being labeled as S1, S2 etc. of BSM 230.Described input pin 214 can be with Any BSM230 on the market combines.Described input pin 214 can be used for making described monitoring integrated circuit 210 by journey Sequence works.The input entering analog multiplexer can combine with any BSM 230 on the market.Programmed instruction can be from The S pin 234 of BSM 230 transmits.Enumerator 218 is configured to calculate the trailing edge of the input signal received from BSM 230 Number, and counting is sent to controller 242.Controller 242 is based on described counting selection analog multiplexer 240 can In exporting one.Described analog multiplexer includes that VSNS (voltage proportional to balanced balanced current), VTEMP are (with temperature Spend proportional voltage), Vin-0.2v, Vin-0.4v, Vin-0.6v, Vin-0.8v, Vin-1.2v, and Vin-1.4v or VCELL。

Described monitoring integrated circuit 210 also includes coupleding to have a winding 282 and the transformator of Secondary Winding 284 The switch pin 270 of 280.Described winding 282 one end is connected to switch pin 270, and the other end passes through resistor device (Rsns) anode of the battery being connected in set of cells 220.Secondary Winding 284 one end is connected to the negative terminal of set of cells 220, additionally One end is connected to the anode of set of cells 220 by a diode 285 being connected in series.

Fig. 3 A-3C illustrates exemplary basic communication structure, and described communication structure can be used to make described monitoring integrated Circuit 210 is according to program work.But, it is suitable for other be used for make described monitoring integrated circuit 210 according to journey Sequence working communication method.Communication with reference to Fig. 3 A, BSM 230 with observation circuit 210 can begin at the letter of described input pin 214 Number remain height.The signal of described input pin 214 is that the described monitoring integrated circuit 210 of high holding is in shutdown mode.Input First trailing edge of pin 214 activates described monitoring integrated circuit 210 and starts inner decoding window TW.Referring also to Fig. 3 B, Described inner decoding window TW defines time window, and in described time window, described monitoring integrated circuit 210 calculates on one's own initiative Trailing edge number on pin 214.This allows input pin 214 to be triggered for serial data communication, and need not reset this Part.Described inner decoding window TW can adjust with R timer pin 216.In one example, described R timer pin 216 Impedance be 100k, nominally, it is converted to the inner decoding window TW of 16.3 milliseconds.Impedance along with R timer pin 216 Increasing, described inner decoding window TW also increases.Such as, if the impedance of R timer pin 216 increases to 200k, nominally, Described inner decoding window TW is added to 32.6 milliseconds.

With reference to Fig. 3 C, during described inner decoding window TW, described monitoring integrated circuit 210 uses enumerator 218 to count Calculate the pulse from the input pin 214 that the S pin of BSM 230 receives, and use controller 242 to control output pin 212 On the output of signal exchange voltage of analog multiplexer 240.When described inner decoding window TW is to constantly, described monitoring Integrated circuit 210 latches known counting last time, and exports analog multiplexer (MUX) voltage on output pin 212.As Shown in table 1, there is the aggressive mode that four kinds of users may select.

Table 1. serial mode state

Signal exchange is completed by reading the analog voltage on output pin 212.Signal exchange voltage is at input pin 214 The trailing edge of signal be asserted (asserted) corresponding to described serial solution yardage.When seeing first in input signal 214 0 beginning is counted during individual negative voltage.In this case, multiplexer output voltage will be for Vin-1.4, described signal exchange electricity Pressure is 1.4V.At counting 1, described multiplexer output voltage will be for Vin-0.2V, and described signal exchange voltage is 0.2V. At counting 2, described multiplexer output voltage will be for Vin-0.4V, and described signal exchange voltage is 0.4V.At counting 3 Place, described multiplexer output voltage will be for Vin-0.6V, and described signal exchange voltage is 0.6V.At counting 4, described many Path multiplexer output voltage will be for Vin-0.8V, and described signal exchange voltage is 0.8V.The most described decoding window TW is the most also And RTMR pin returns ground connection, three actions are activated: output pin 212 is switched to desired measurement, the integrated electricity of described monitoring Road 210, according to the pattern selected in table 1, starts the battery discharge that will connect, and input power latch disabling.A reality Shi Zhong, described monitoring integrated circuit 210 can only at decoding window TW, the most then and described input pin 214 be taken height The most disabled.

In automotive vehicles applications, the degree of accuracy of the possible heavy dependence voltage of people, from the output of described monitoring integrated circuit 210 Signal exchange voltage is used as with reference to check the degree of accuracy of BSM 230.Described signal exchange voltage is set in advance in described Monitoring integrated circuit 210 in and can based on determine from BSM 230 output voltage the most accurate.

All parameters of (VSNS) and voltage VTEMP are inputted by using two including signal exchange voltage, current detecting Individual continuous print is measured and is done a subtraction and extracted discriminatively.Can do so to prevent BSM230 from exceeding its internal maximum electricity Pressure threshold value.BSM 230 can have an approximation maximum rating for the input of described C pin 232.If it exceeds this threshold Value (such as 8 volts), (for many BSM, this is typical threshold limit), described BSM is likely to be broken.Therefore, from monitor The measurement of integrated circuit 210 output is by Vcell reference, to avoid the threshold voltage beyond BSM 230.Because described monitoring is integrated The output voltage of circuit 210 is relative to Vcell reference, it should take difference measurement to extract from described monitoring integrated circuit 210 Desired voltage (voltage that such as, signal exchange voltage is proportional to balanced balanced current and the voltage of temperature proportional).Described Difference measurement can be performed by analog-digital converter 236, and this obtains analog voltage measurement also from adjacent monitoring integrated circuit 210 Export digitized voltage measurement.

Fig. 4 illustrates for extracting given parameter V from prominent (highlighted) monitoring integrated circuit_PARExemplary Method.The monitoring integrated circuit 410 immediately below monitoring integrated circuit 410 under measuring can be forced to select Vcell (pattern 0 (MODE 0) or pattern 1 (MODE 1)), and be that twice continuous print measurement all becomes negative reference.Vcell is selected for measuring for the first time Can be performed by any one in Dietary behavior 0 (static organ disabling) or pattern 1 (static organ enables).Refer to table 2 with Which determine wherein for given parameter reference VCELL.

Model selection (MODE Selection) during table 2. difference measurement

V_PAR=measure (1 for the first time^stMeasurement) second time measures (2^ndMeasurement)=VCELL (VCELL–V_PAR) (formula 1)

Referring again to Fig. 4, the BSM passage above passage under measuring will have the voltage higher than normal cell.Described prison Survey integrated circuit 410 can be configured to protect BSM 430C input and guarantee they will be the most oppressed (stressed) Absolute maximum rating beyond them.

Fig. 5 A-5B illustrates the exemplary process of the signal exchange voltage for determining monitoring integrated circuit 510.Described letter Number exchange voltage can be used for prove BMS internal reference just normally work for all of input channel.Reference electricity within 510 Press independent of BSM integrated circuit (BSM IC) and be mutually exclusive and real redundancy is provided.Each signal exchange water Flat can be 2.5% excess temperature accurately.In order to determine signal exchange voltage, described monitoring integrated circuit 510 can be by by it DIN pin set low (assert S-pin) and do not send S-pin pulse subsequently and be unlocked.This can keep described monitoring integrated Circuit 510 has the signal exchange (handshake) asserting on output pin at fault mode.This signal exchange can solve It is maintained on output pin during code window, and the most described decoding window then can be latched.Described fault mode can lead to Cross to be set high by described S-pin after decoding window is then and be released from.In this case, 1.4v signal exchange voltage levvl It is used as reference voltage, but, other signal exchange voltages may also used as reference voltage.

Every fourth lane of each BSM module can be the most measured.Fig. 5 A illustrates for using four-full group to measure effectively Measure a kind of algorithm of all signal exchange voltage.This method is applicable to many BSM modular system, wherein for first group of survey Amount, from each 12-battery BSM read simultaneously all of 4th, the 8th, the 12nd passage.Similarly, for second group of measurement, from institute Some BSM modules read simultaneously all of 3rd, the 7th, the 11st passage, and so on.This interleave method is applicable to read other Parameter, including electric current, temperature and have static organ open cell voltage.Fig. 5 B illustrates the measuring method of alternative, The balanced balanced current of every third channel can be measured in the method.Method in Fig. 5 B only requires that three measurements of complete group are extracted Whole parameters.This can be used for quick obtaining；But it it may be easily affected by the impact of common-mode error.All of static organ closes Close so that passage cell voltage can read simultaneously.

It is important that just represent will be drawn by described monitoring integrated circuit 110 discharge current at measured cell voltage The cell voltage that the voltage drop risen is taken into account.When described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is opened, and corresponding passage is balanced Time, passage measure voltage by lower than the virtual voltage relevant to this passage.Additionally, when described monitoring integrated circuit 110 is opened Time the battery on the left side of movable battery and/or the battery on the right can have than corresponding to those batteries to measure voltage slightly higher Voltage.In order to a specific example is described, it is assumed that when described set of cells includes three batteries: battery 1, battery 2 and battery 3.Battery 1 can be located under battery 2；Battery 2 can be located between battery 1 and battery 3；And battery 3 can be located on battery 2. It is further assumed that all of these three battery is the max-thresholds battery levels at 3 volts, and therefore neither one needs in them It is balanced.If owing to certain reason, the voltage relevant to battery 2 suddenly increases to 3.2 volts, and battery 2 may need to be put down The threshold level of the voltage to 3 volts weighed to reduce it or the threshold level less than 3 volts.For this purpose, battery 2 it is connected to Monitoring integrated circuit can be activated.The monitoring integrated circuit of battery 1 and battery 3 may remain off, because their voltage is still Old at 3 volts.

When the monitoring integrated circuit of battery 2 is opened and voltage on battery 2 is measured, and described voltage can be measured as 3 volts.But, it is true that described voltage is still in 3.2 volts, because not having energy to be transferred into any other from battery 2 Other position outside battery or set of cells.The measurement voltage of 3 volts is due to the voltage relevant to the monitoring integrated circuit activated Fall.BSM reads the voltage of 3 volts and decision need not balance and disables monitoring integrated circuit.The most described monitoring integrated circuit Being closed, the voltage of battery 2 skips to 3.2 again, and this will open described monitoring integrated circuit again, and owing to not considering The voltage drop caused by the impedance relevant to the monitoring integrated circuit activated, described system may be absorbed in this Infinite Cyclic.When When the monitoring integrated circuit of battery 2 is activated, battery 1 can actually read 3.1 volts of voltages.Therefore, the integrated electricity of the balance of battery 1 Road can be activated；But, in fact battery 1 is perhaps without balance, because owing to the monitoring integrated circuit of battery 2 is activated aobvious Show extra voltage.

There is the mode that several offer balances more accurately and measures.First, described balance and measurement can be separated.System can Balance, closedown balance, then measure voltage.This can help prevent due to the electricity relevant to the impedance of the monitoring integrated circuit activated The measurement voltage that pressure drop causes introduces error.But, in this enforcement, it is likely not to have constant between BSM and set of cells Visibility.Therefore, this enforcement can introduce the probability of toning (overshooting) battery, and possible increase is actually needed Aequum, and the stabilization time of the length of equilibration time, particularly battery terminal voltage may be increased.

In another is implemented, when the voltage drop that the impedance of the monitoring integrated circuit considered and activate is relevant, described flat Weighing apparatus and measurement are carried out simultaneously.This system can be precisely calculated voltage drop and compensate described voltage drop during measuring.Same, The virtual voltage of battery can be determined, and can be balanced based on virtual voltage rather than measurement voltage.With the example above Unanimously, when being balanced, when monitoring integrated circuit and being activated, the virtual voltage rather than 3.0 of 3.2 volts of use battery 2 The measurement voltage of volt.For this purpose, when measuring voltage, described monitoring integrated circuit can need not close.Real at this Shi Zhong, BSM can have constant visibility to set of cells, and equilibration time can improve, and balanced balanced current and static organ weight can subtract Little, and the probability of battery toning can be greatly reduced.

Can rely on for connecting described monitoring integrated for calculating the algorithm of the impedance relevant to described monitoring integrated circuit The method of circuit extremely described set of cells.There are two kinds of methods for connecting described monitoring integrated circuit to described set of cells.Both Method includes that single-line type battery connects and two-wire system battery connects.

Fig. 6 A illustrates that the single-line type battery between monitoring integrated circuit 610 and set of cells 620 connects 600A.Fig. 6 B illustrates prison Survey the two-wire system battery between integrated circuit 610 and set of cells 620 and connect 600B.Owing to the complete system of line connection impedance can Degree of opinion, described single-line type battery connects 600A can be recommended.Due to less connection, single-line type connects 600A also can be more just Suitable and more reliable.In single-line type connects 600A, the grounding connection of described monitoring integrated circuit 610 to set of cells 620 and phase Adjacent monitoring integrated circuit 610 shares a co-channel to the V battery connection of set of cells 620.In two-wire system connects 600B, Described monitoring integrated circuit 610 monitors the integrated circuit 610 V to set of cells 620 to the grounding connection of set of cells 620 with adjacent It is separate that battery connects.

Noting in two-wire system connection scheme, when calculating line impedance, grounding connection impedance can not be determined, and will It is sightless for BSM630.In addition to C0, for other the described monitoring integrated circuit 610 of battery to the company on ground Connecing or the negative potential of battery is not shared with adjacent battery, the negative potential of described battery is single-line type connection side by BSM 630 Case is measured.Same, BSM 630 loses the visibility to grounding connection impedance.On the other hand, based on during discharging Calculate two-wire system connect impedance and return the algorithm of (back) calculating open battery voltage than for calculating single-line type during discharging The algorithm connecting impedance and time (back) calculating open battery voltage is the most blunt.Two-wire system method also has at open circuit even The visibility of single battery is lost rather than as losing the advantage of the visibility of two batteries in single-line type method during connecing.

Fig. 7 A-7C illustrates battery and the figure table of channel impedance calculating the monitoring integrated circuit with single-line type configuration Show, and Fig. 7 D illustrates the macrograph of the whole set of cells with more than one module.Specifically, Fig. 7 A illustrates for calculating electricity The diagram of pond impedance.Fig. 7 B illustrates for calculating the channel impedance in the circuit of the anode to monitoring integrated circuit that connect battery Figure represent.Fig. 7 C illustrates for calculating the passage in the circuit of the negative terminal to monitoring integrated circuit that connect ground or battery The figure of impedance represents.In Fig. 7 A-7C, it is shown that set of cells 720 is to comprise four batteries 722,724,726 and 728.Although not Illustrating, set of cells 720 can comprise other battery.In the enforcement illustrated, the monitoring integrated circuit 710 of battery 724 is to turn on , therefore shown in Fig. 7 A-7C.The monitoring integrated circuit of battery 722,726 and 728 is off, the most not at Fig. 7 A-7C Shown in.

When monitoring integrated circuit 710 and connecting, electric current flows through relevant to described monitoring integrated circuit 710 interconnective Resistor (such as resistor R4, B, R3, A and R6, CELL).Resistor R4, B are corresponding to the resistor in circuit, described line Road connects the anode Vcell244 to monitoring integrated circuit as shown in Figure 2 of battery 724.Resistor R3, A are corresponding in circuit Resistor, the negative terminal of described connection battery 724 to as shown in Figure 2 monitoring integrated circuit earth terminal 246.R6, CELL is referred to as battery impedance and it comprises other the impedance that the passage adjacent with it that only passage 6 has be not total. Such as, printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) and group connect on some regions may be had to be only possible to run into passage 6.Although above Example be described with reference to passage 4, each passage that the method can be applied in group with obtain and each passage phase The impedance of association.I_RTN, 730 represent all returns to module and in this case by DC-DC (DC/DC) changer Circuit 110 flyback converter in all electric charges.Electric current I_RTNSurvey by the sense resistor 142 shown in Fig. 1 and circuit 140 Amount, the analog input channel 136 of described circuit 140 drive circuit 130.

In order to the resistor relevant to monitoring integrated circuit 710 for each calculates resistance, equation 2 below can be used for Single-line type configures, use group measuring method as shown in Figure 5A:

This algorithm is when accurately accounting for the impedance relevant to movable static organ, it is allowed to balance, group, group charging behaviour Open battery voltage (float charge voltage) is calculated during work.So, during battery equilibrium, system visibility will not be lost, and puts down The weighing apparatus working cycle can significantly reduce.

Open battery voltage (V_n,A) correct the use that calculating can be each battery connection request two measurement impedance.This can Can be due to each adjacent passage between relevant current measurement errors.When the electric current for computing impedance is only work During streaming current path, 1-impedance methodologies (1-impedance) may be effectively.Such as, if battery 4 is used for measuring R₄, and Only battery 4 is opened, and the cell voltage of correction may be the most accurate.But, if battery 5 is opened or even its own simultaneously Opening, the correction cell voltage on passage 4 can have the error of more than 5mV.If it is the worst it may be the case that battery (Cell) 4 Current error at minimum error threshold value and the current error of battery (Cell) 5 is at high level error threshold value.

Above formula provides the cell voltage from correction and calculates the side of (calculation) removal current accuracy error Method.One movable battery obtains three resistance value R_n-1,A,R_n,B, and R_n,CELL.The voltage of the movable battery above battery, under The cell voltage of the voltage of the battery in face and the battery of described activity is recorded and for computing impedance.3rd impedance, is referred to as Battery impedance, be considered as not having with its on or all impedances in battery sharing path under it.This include internal cell impedance with And the connection between battery.Note R₀With R₁₂It is special circumstances, and can calculate by combining formula from Set A and Set B. I_MOD,mFor simultaneously flowing through the blocks current of all batteries in module, at described module, m specifies (designates) Fig. 5 a institute The measuring process shown, wherein m is equal to first group in 1 appointment Fig. 5 a, and m is equal to second group in 2 appointment Fig. 5 a, and m is equal to 3 Specify the 3rd group in Fig. 5 a.I_MOD,mEqual to I_STK 742+I_RTN730, wherein I_STK(shown in Fig. 7 D) is in whole set of cells The common electric current of all batteries, and I_RTNFor returning to the output electric current of module DC/DC changer.Not load or whole (I when set of cells is not charged_STK=0), I_MOD,mEqual to I_RTN,m.Once calculate all of impedance, equation 3 below can by with In correcting VCELL when static organ operates:

V_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·(R_n-1,A+R_n,B)-I_n-1·R_n-1,B-I_n+1·R_n,A+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL(formula 3)

Wherein V_n,AFor the actual cell voltage relevant to battery n, and V_n,BFor the measurement cell voltage in MODE1. R_n-1,AAnd R_n-1,BFor the resistance relevant to the circuit of the earth terminal connecting monitoring device with the negative terminal of battery n.R_n,A and R_n,B For the resistance relevant to the circuit of the Vcell pin connecting observation circuit with the anode of battery n.R_n,CELLFor be considered as all of with On battery n and under battery not there is the resistance of overlapping trees.I_nFor the balanced balanced current relevant to battery n.I_n-1For with electricity The balanced balanced current that battery under the n of pond is relevant.I_n+1For the balanced balanced current relevant to the battery on battery n.I_MODFor flowing simultaneously Electric current through multiple batteries.R_n-1,A、R_n-1,B、R_n,AAnd R_n,BThe form calculus shown in formula 2 can be used.I_nCan use integrated Monitoring device from specific battery measurement.I_MONFor the blocks current using the circuit 140 and 142 in Fig. 1 to measure.

Three-impedance (three-impedance) method should not affect the acquisition time, because all of 12 passages are often All changed during individual group of measurement；But need additional period to use processor to calculate new impedance.Finally, System Reports Impedance should be the meansigma methods of two impedances measured.

Use the method, can be calculated due to the voltage drop of balance and can be considered when calculating virtual voltage.Therefore, Monitoring integrated circuit need not close with read voltage, and equilibration time can be maximized.Additionally, use the method, damage The probability of battery can be reduced, because the visibility of group will not be lost during balancing and more energy can be from set of cells Recover safely.

Fig. 8 illustrates that the figure of the channel impedance calculating the monitoring integrated circuit with two-wire system configuration represents.Described two-wire Formula configuration includes monitoring integrated circuit 810, set of cells 820, BSM 830, this and monitoring integrated circuit 110, set of cells 120, BSM 130 are similar to, and therefore its repetition aspect is not described at this.But, described monitoring integrated circuit 810 has and arrives set of cells Two-wire system configuration connects rather than configures about the single-line type described in Fig. 1.Voltage in two-wire system battery connects configuration (IR) correcting algorithm is simpler blunt, because each passage passage adjacent with it separates, and does not share to set of cells Common connection.The passage immediately below it is not relied on to the voltage measurement of routing.Fig. 8 shows that each passage positive battery is even The measurement (noticing that the grounding connection resistance of each passage can not be measured in two-wire system configures) connect.Equation below is used to Any one of two kinds of methods in use Fig. 5, calculates each positive passage and connects impedance.

The passage measured can have the channel below adjacent with it selecting VCELL in MODE0.Leading to below described Road is the negative reference for measuring balanced balanced current.Consider by just for calculating total formula of float charge voltage or open battery voltage In the adjustment (modulation) that the passage channel below measured causes:

V_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·R_n+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL-I_n-1·R_n-1(formula 5), wherein V_n,AFor MODE0, (balance is prohibited With) in, the open battery voltage of specific battery n or float charge voltage.V_n,BFor specific battery n in MODE1 (balance enables) The cell voltage measured.I_n-1·R_n-1For the voltage drop caused by the battery below the battery measured.R_n,CELLTerm is considered as DCR And by blocks current I_MODAnd balanced balanced current I_nConnection resistance between the battery of impact.The equivalent series resistance of battery (ESR) ESR can be used to test circuit extraction.The ESR of most of batteries is at a fairly low, generally in units milliohm scope In.Battery connects impedance measurement and may also comprise this battery ESR parameter.

Fig. 9 illustrates the R for measuring set of cells_n,CELLDemonstrative circuit 900.Circuit 900 includes monitoring integrated circuit 910, set of cells 920, BSM930, monostable circuit 940 and 950, load impedance Rload and power field effect pipe M1 (MOSFET M1).Described monitoring integrated circuit 910, set of cells 920, BSM 930 and the monitoring integrated circuit 110 described in Fig. 1, electricity Pond group 120, BSM 130 are similar to.Therefore, their repetition aspect is not described at this.BSM 930 can include that some are general Input and output (GPIO) passage (such as I/O channel 1 (GPIO1)), in order to measure cell resistance R_n,CELL, described GPIO can It is used to extract known electric current from the top of set of cells 920 or bottom.GPIO1 may be alternatively used for switching monostable circuit 950 Input, this drives monostable circuit 940, described monostable circuit 940 to be the grids of driving MOSFET M1, keep it to open in turn Gate driver.

One end of Rload is connected to the anode of set of cells 920, and the other end is connected to MOSFET M1.The one of MOSFET M1 End is connected to Rload, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of set of cells 920.The grid of MOSFET M1 is connected to gate driver circuit The output pin of 940.Gate driver circuit 940 input pin is connected to the output pin of monostable circuit 950.Described monostable electricity Road 950 connects its input pin GPIO1 to BSM 930.The V+ module of each of circuit 940 and 950 is connected to BSM The voltage stabilizing output of 930.The earthing module of each of circuit 940 and 950 is connected to set of cells 920 together with the V-of BSM 930 Negative terminal.

Described monostable circuit 950 can be to use program-controlled (programmable) of three external resistor monostable (circuit).Placing monostable circuit 950 can be in order to safety is with fail-safe in the reason of circuit 900, to avoid being always maintained at MOSFET M1 opens.This will cause big electric current, destroy MOSFET M1.Described monostable circuit 950 is as hardware security (safety) it is added into, the most only allows MOSFET M1 to open threshold time.The threshold value of time can be at 0.5 millisecond Between 100 milliseconds.If there being software fault, in the input of gate driver circuit 950 (the output GPIO1 of such as BSM 930) On do not switch it can be seen that.In order to accurately, big electric current (the little R in short-term can be used_LOADResistance value).Electric current can approximate For 10A, but it is dependent on and proportional to the capacity of the battery being currently in use.Equation below can be used for as each battery in group Determine R_n,CELLOr DCR.

Wherein VCELL_(OFF)For The monitoring integrated circuit that in MODE0, M1 closes, VCELL_(ON)Open for M1 in MODE0, and V_MODULEDeduct for MODULE+ MODULE-。R_n,CELLFormula 3,4,5 uses.Method in Fig. 9 can be used for replacing the side about described in Fig. 7 A-7D Method, thinks all of resistance calculations formula.Parameter algorithm in Fig. 5 A can be used for as resistance set A and resistance set B solution side Journey, thus shortened for about 1/3rd acquisition times.In addition to measuring the DCR of each battery, described monostable circuit can quilt It is set to the short cycle and triggers with the rate periodic of 1kHz to 10kHz.This allows the ESR of battery or exchanges (AC) resistance Measure.R of equal value_LOADThe turn-on time (on-time) becoming M1 is multiplied by R to the shut-in time (off-time) of M1_LOADSize Ratio.

Calculate R_n,CELLOr DCR can help to determine whether set of cells 920 degenerates or determine whether contact resistance degenerates. When set of cells 920 charge and discharge repeatedly time, the contact resistance of set of cells 920 can increase.By calculating DCR, user can determine that Whether mistake is measured is associated with fail battery group 920 or fault contact.If the DCR calculated is higher than threshold quantity, set of cells 920 It is considered fault.But, if the DCR calculated is less than threshold quantity, set of cells 920 be considered normal and may with result from electricity The trickle charge of pond group 920 is relevant with the fault contact of electric discharge.

In a specific example, R_LOADResistor can be pulse specified (pulse rated) with process big, hold The 10A pulse that the continuous time is short.For 12-battery module, to R_LOADA good selection can be 6 parallel 24 Ω CRM string Connection resistor.For MOSFET M1, fairchild company (Fairchild) FDMC86102L or equivalent can be used.For monostable electricity Road 950, can make the LTC6993-4 in pulse duration to 20ms for limiting MOSFET M1 or the monostable pulse of equivalence send out Raw device.Single channel (single-channel) gate drivers of LTC1693-3 (940), a 1.5A, is used to MOSFET M1 provides sufficient closedown and opening times, and can replace with the gate drivers of any equivalence.Electric capacity C2 was for being used for Filter the bypass capacitor of the power input pin of two monostable circuits 940 and 950.Described power input pin is by from BSM The burning voltage of 5 volts of 930 outputs drives.

In multiple multi-module systems, the module balanced relative to each other may be there is a need to.Each module may correspond to One set of cells 920 comprising multiple battery.Each battery is connectable to monitor integrated circuit 910.Monitoring integrated circuit 910 can It is connected to BSM930.In each module, energy can be taken away by from which battery, and can be assigned to set of cells All of 12 batteries in 920 with by module balancing in acceptable threshold value.Alternatively, or in addition, energy can be by from 11 All of 12 batteries taken away in individual battery and can be assigned in set of cells 920, with wherein in balancing battery group 920 Individual battery.This provides the balancing battery in a module.Even if module balancing, but, may have between the module of balance Some voltage differences.In order to balance in the system with multiple module module relative to each other, described system such as, such as, can have 10 modules, each module has the automobile of 12 batteries, and circuit 900 can be used.Load resistance in a module (Rload) voltage reducing in module can be opened, until it reaches relative to the second module acceptable threshold value Level.During this process, the monitoring integrated circuit 910 in module can be closed and MOSFET M1 can be opened and close Close.It is improper that the ratio between module can be avoided or be reduced to this process, and prevents the module from arranging the electricity of whole 10 modules The capacity of cell system.

Consistent with the example above, it is assumed that to take described automobile services (for service) and determine 10 modules Module 5 in battery system is defective.Therefore module 5 can replace changing by new module.Described new module naturally may be used Have than the higher capacity of remaining module in battery system.If module 5 determines the residual capacity of remaining module, then deposit For having the risk that other modules of relatively low capacity overcharge.Therefore, circuit 900 can be used to extract from remaining module Go out energy, until module 5 is completely filled in.

In single-line type configures, open circuit connects the measurement that two batteries of this connection are shared in (connection) impact.Companion The most not loading with on affected two passages, voltage can reside in the substantially intermediate value of the two cell voltage summation.Really The value cut can be at V_INRatio between the leakage (leakages) of capacitor, and it may happen that change significantly.Open Road connects and can be detected by measuring Vcell before or after opening the static organ of specific battery.

Figure 10 A and 10B is shown respectively the result opening open circuit connection battery above in single-line type configuration circuit 1000A And in single-line type configuration circuit 1000B, open the result of the following battery of open circuit connection.Circuit 1000A and 1000B is phase As and comprise identical parts, including monitoring integrated circuit 1010, set of cells 1020 and BSM 1030.Described monitoring Monitoring integrated circuit 110 described in integrated circuit 1010, set of cells 1020 and BSM 1030 and Fig. 1, set of cells 120, with And BSM 130 is similar to, therefore they are not described in.The difference of circuit 1000A and 1000B is to measure voltage to determine The presence or absence that open circuit connects, in circuit 1000A, open circuit connects the monitoring integrated circuit 1010 of 1040 batteries above It is opened, and in 1000B, open circuit connects the monitoring integrated circuit 1010 of 1040 batteries below and is opened.

In this example, open circuit connects 1040 the ground connection of the monitoring integrated circuit 1010 of anode and the battery 9 of battery 8 Between the Vin of the monitoring integrated circuit 1010 of end or battery 8.1040 below and above affected are connected respectively at open circuit Two batteries 8 and battery 9 should be detected to ensure special connection failure.Algorithm below can be used for determining that open circuit is even Connect.

1) in MODE0, all cell voltages are measured

2) affected battery at least 2ms above is connected

3) affected battery above is disconnected

4) in MODE0, all cell voltages are measured

5) following affected battery at least 2ms is connected

6) following affected battery is disconnected

7) in MODE0, all cell voltages are measured

8) if step 1-step 4 > 200mV and step 4-step 7 > 200mV, having open circuit to connect.

The threshold value selecting 200mV provides tolerance limit (tolerance) for measurement error.Open circuit connects the determination of 1040 for being permitted Multi-user is probably important, because whether it helps them to determine the false readings of BSM 1030 has with set of cells 1020 fault Close or relevant with the false wiring connecting set of cells 1020 to BSM 1030.Open circuit connects the determination of 1040 can be at capacitor 1050 and described monitoring integrated circuit 1010 with the help of complete, described capacitor 1050 is opened at relevant monitoring integrated circuit Close and when disconnecting, maintain voltage.Capacitor 1050 is external component for monitoring integrated circuit 1010, and is monitoring integrated circuit The bypass capacitor of the dc-dc converter in 1010.

In properly functioning, each battery will read Vcell.But, once there is open circuit to connect, superincumbent being affected Battery in monitoring integrated circuit 1010 attempt to discharge capacitor 1050, this is charged to cell voltage (such as Vcell). Once this voltage reach 2 volts close to monitor integrated circuit (IC) brownout threshold in one example, described monitoring is integrated Circuit 1010 detects that this voltage is the lowest, stops discharging for capacitor 1050, and once exports 2 volts at shutdown mode.This Reading can provide a kind of instruction (indication) having open circuit to connect in circuit 1000A.This is because any lithium-ion electric The absolute minimum cell voltage in pond is 2.5 volts.To this end, under normal circumstances, the output voltage of described monitoring integrated circuit 1010 2.5 volts should be not less than.But, in this case, due to open circuit connection 1040, the monitoring integrated circuit of battery 9 above The output voltage of 1010 is 2 volts.The integrated electricity of monitoring of the battery 8 below in monitoring integrated circuit circuit 1000A wherein The output voltage on road 1010 will be for Vcell₈+Vcell₉-2 volts, this is higher than actual Vcell.

It is similar to, when the monitoring integrated circuit 1010 of following battery 8 is opened, and the monitoring collection of battery 9 above Become circuit 1010 when being closed, the measurement of battery 8 to voltage be about the voltage that the measurement of 2 volts and battery 9 arrives and be about Vcell₈+Vcell₉–2.These read (reading) and may be provided in the instruction having open circuit to connect in circuit 1000A and 1000B.

For bifilar system, when connection is opened, adjacent C_VINConnection between capacitor is destroyed.V_VINFor that Individual specific passage is by most probable below a diode, and OUT pin will be high impedance.Two-wire system configuration need with In the method described in the LTC680x tables of data of open circuit connection detection.The method uses 100uA current source to drive C pin.Note Meaning single-line type connect need LTC680x open circuit connect detection scheme detect monitoring integrated circuit output and it C-pin it Between open circuit.

Outside connecting detection except road in actively (active) balancing circuitry, there is also open-circuit cell.Open-circuit cell can Can only affect the specific passage with this open-circuit cell.The voltage measured at open-circuit cell two ends depends in set of cells Sense of current.If set of cells is being load supplying, then voltage just will be clamped negative pole that (clamped) is diode To voltage, or outside transient voltage suppressor (TVS) (recommending hot plug or Thermal protection diode) or monitor integrated The interior substrate diode of circuit VCELL or VIN pin.Similarly, if set of cells is electrically charged, open battery voltage will Being clamped Zener (Zener) voltage for TVS diode, described Zener voltage is set higher than maximum battery voltage.

Figure 11 A and 11B illustrates with group or is loaded or is electrically charged, the impact of the open-circuit cell on passage 9.Specifically Ground, Figure 11 A illustrates that with set of cells be load supplying, the impact of the open-circuit cell on passage 9.Figure 11 B illustrates with set of cells It is electrically charged, the impact of the open-circuit cell on passage 9.Circuit 1100A and 1100B comprises identical parts, and described parts include prison Survey integrated circuit 1110, set of cells 1120, BSM1130, external diode 1140 and internal body diodes 1150.But, at electricity In the 1100A of road, set of cells 1120 is discharged, and in circuit 1100B, set of cells 1120 is electrically charged.Circuit 1100A and 1100B also comprises open-circuit cell 1160 in their passage 9.

The voltage measured at open-circuit cell 1160 two ends depends on the sense of current in set of cells 1120.If such as figure Shown in 11A, set of cells 1120 is being load supplying, then voltage just will be clamped negative pole that (clamped) is diode To voltage.Described diode can comprise or outside TVS diode 1140 (recommending hot plug or Thermal protection diode) or prison Survey the interior substrate diode 1150 of VCELL or the VIN pin of integrated circuit 1110.Similarly, if set of cells 120 by Charging, open battery voltage can be clamped the Zener voltage into TVS diode 1140, and described Zener voltage can be set higher than Maximum battery voltage.

Described open-circuit cell also can be not passed through the set of cells 1120 of (across) all series and place load and be detected.Fill Electricity electric current can be the current source from other passages in 12-battery module, makes it respective put in described 12-battery module Electrical equipment enables.Passively/actively module-module discharger or battery ESR impulse circuit can be used for as comprising described open-circuit cell Module discharge.

As in Figure 4, need twice continuous print to measure and extract most parameter from monitoring integrated circuit.When negative Being loaded in when being switched between continuous print reading, this measuring method may easily be made mistakes.Can be by being introduced by load current Common mode conversion carries out detecting and correcting alleviating this mistake.

V_PAR=measure (1 for the first time^stMeasurement) second time measures (2^nd Measurement)

=VCELL (VCELL V '_PAR+V_CM)

=V '_PAR–V_CM(formula 7), wherein V_PARFor needing the parameter measured, V_CMVoltage is changed for common mode.Best is accurate Result comes from the use passage at identical point in time measurement.

Figure 11 C illustrate BSM chip can include some by analog-digital converter (ADC) passage of same system clock timing, Described system clock measures multiple passage simultaneously.Other passage in full group number-reading (full-stack read) is in difference Time step (step) period obtain.The common-mode voltage of the passage relatively obtained during different time steps may cause Big error.Therefore, common mode information must apply to obtain (taken) passage during identical time step.In Fig. 5 A Extraction algorithm goes on well with a twin-channel BSM ADC framework, and such common mode information can be extracted at second ADC and control (commanded), during battery parameter, extract at first ADC.V_CMCan be by comparing in the group 1 during measuring for the first time Vcell measures the Vcell in the group 1 during measuring with second time and measures, and identifies that described difference is as V_CMAnd calculate.

When set of cells is connected with BMS plate, it is possible to create surge current is as the result of the electric capacity in BMS.Due to And therefore circuit in the path of surge current and route inductance, surge voltage later can be more than the maximum input voltage of BMS, Damage BSM.Particularly, when a Battery pack applies (application) heat exchange with simulation BSM, due to the low ESR with battery The big input capacity electric capacity of coupling, produces big electric current.In the case of monitoring integrated circuit is implemented, described monitoring integrated circuit The overshoot voltage with big surge current may be processed no problem.But, downstream BSM may be destroyed, and needs additionally Step and/or circuit prevent heat exchange.There is several methods that and prevent heat exchange set of cells from entering BMS plate.Specifically, there is one The solution of machinery, and have movable (active) solution.

Figure 12 illustrates exemplary heat exchange protection circuit 1200, it is provided that be used for preventing heat exchange set of cells from entering BMS plate Machinery solution.The solution of machinery may result in the most cost-benefit solution.Circuit 1200 includes monitoring Integrated circuit 1210, set of cells 1220, resistor 1230 and capacitor 1240.Resistor 1230 can be to be used for as C_VINElectricity Container 1240 is precharged to the resistor of 10 Ω of cell voltage, limit inrush currents.When lacking resistor 1230, only Impedance can include that interconnection resistance, described interconnection resistance may result in big surge current and enter the input of BSM, destroys BSM.At C_VIN After capacitor 1240 charging, mechanical switch 1232 is connected by resistor 1230, and protects in all of properly functioning period Hold there.Have three kinds recommend solutions for 1232 mechanical short-circuit: 1) use > the specified wire jumper of 3A 2) and use mechanical switch Or 3) use staggered pin (staggered-pin) battery connector.The connection of described staggered pin has long pin, described length Pin is connected to monitor integrated circuit 1210 by the resistor 1230 of 10 Ω and charges for capacitor 1240.Short pin directly connects It is connected to monitor integrated circuit 1210, makes resistor 1230 short circuit of 10 Ω.Normally it is inserted in long pin be connected to circuit and short draw Foot is connected between circuit the delay with millisecond magnitude, it is allowed to C_VIN1240 charged before mechanical short-circuit.

Figure 13 A and 13B illustrates two exemplary heat exchange protection circuit 1300A and 1300B, and each is anti- Only heat exchange set of cells enters the solution of BMS plate offer activity.Movable solution can have more automatic heating and hand over Change protection advantage (such as, need not extra step when connecting battery).Figure 13 A illustrates exemplary heat exchange protection circuit 1300A, heat exchange protection circuit 1300A includes monitoring integrated circuit 1310, set of cells 1320, resistor 1330 and electric capacity Device 1340.Described heat exchange protection circuit 1300A is similar to heat exchange protection circuit 1200, except in heat exchange protection circuit In 1300A, mechanical switch 1232 MOSFET M1 1332 replaces, and described MOSFET M1 1332 can make electricity container 1334 He Resistor 1336 turn on automatically is so that resistor 1330 is short-circuit.When set of cells 1320 is first connected to each passage, electric capacity Device 1334 is discharged or short circuit, and therefore MOSFET M1 1332 disconnects.This means that whole electric currents will be through resistor 1330 Charge for capacitor 1340.After heat exchange set of cells 1320, resistor 1336 gets started and charges to capacitor 1340, After some postpone, connecting MOSFET M1 1332, this will make resistor 1330 short circuit.Resistor 1330 can be in the residue of BMS Normal operating during keep short circuit.Circuit 1300A has extra overvoltage also by electric fuse F1 and diode 1338 Protection.Diode 1338 can be Zener diode, and is described in more detail with reference to Figure 13 B.Circuit 1300A can have effect Rate reduces and the shortcoming of higher costs.In a specific example, MOSFET M1 1332 has low R_DS, ON is to maximize Conversion efficiency, and have less than 1.25V VGS threshold value.Capacitor 1336 has certain capacity, during the switch on delay of such M1 Between more than time of charging significantly for electric capacity 1340.

Figure 13 B illustrates that exemplary heat exchange protection circuit 1300B, described heat exchange protection circuit 1300B include monitoring Integrated circuit 1310, set of cells 1320, capacitor 1350 and diode 1360 and 1370.Heat exchange protection circuit 1300B bag Include the resistor 1320 in diode 1360 and 1370 rather than circuit 1300A.Diode 1360 and 1370 can be that transient state presses down Diode processed, can be Low ESR Zener diode.Zener diode generally can process hundreds of ampere and the most closely they Zener voltage.Described Zener voltage can be picked as the maximum voltage allowed less than monitoring integrated circuit 1310 and BSM circuit. In a specific example, the Zener voltage of diode 1360 can be 6.8 volts.Diode 1360 can absorb whole surges Electric current so as to be supplied to monitor integrated circuit 1310 voltage be not above 6.8 volts a lot.The input of BSM is carried by diode 1370 Protection for the second layer.

The enforcement that the float charge voltage of suggestion compensates can be according to communication construction and construction and current sense amplifier and battery The difference of the combination of voltage sense circuit and different.This will not make in the compensation system of suggestion all of voltage drop and at battery The method calculating battery float voltage during balance is invalid.In current sense amplifier, this algorithm is each adjacent by using Current sense amplifier and balance path, measured impedance above and following impedance, measure each electric wire/connection Device impedance twice and have little inaccurate part.If it is envisioned that do not have at big error at current sense amplifier, can Only use that the electric wire/adapter under an adjacent current sense amplifier and balancing circuitry, measurement is above or below to be set Any one in putting, performs the measurement of each electric wire/adapter.

Some features of BMS include the wire communication monitoring integrated circuit, and this makes the accurate voltage drop of measurement be possibly realized, And LTC6804 can be used highly precisely to measure balanced balanced current when balance.Other trial may be more complicated and less Accurately (such as turning off static organ to measure voltage, this causes causing the battery voltage ripple by before returning to float charge voltage Error).Additionally, unique algorithm and method can be used for utilizing the analog multiplexer of monitoring integrated circuit, calculate flat Series resistance in weighing apparatus path.Additionally, unique firmware algorithm can be in the Fast Persistence time for faster recording cell voltage In, carry out voltage-drop compensation, common mode compensation and Voltage Drop (droop) and compensate (float charge voltage compensation).Internal by using The balanced balanced current detection point-device balanced balanced current of amplifier is measured, and making the higher resolution of balanced threshold scope become can Energy.Include using monitoring integrated circuit signal exchange voltage to examine each of BMS for the security feature that the design of BMS system is additional The reference redundancy on different chips, open-circuit detection, converter switch protection and the set of cells that individual channel operation is correct Common mode corrects.

Relate to other enforcement.Such as, system can include the switch protection to each channel switching mode converter.Again With reference to Fig. 2, it may include some protection features: short circuit detector, high impedance detector and switch overvoltage protection (OVP), with Prevent the internal power switch monitoring integrated circuit 210 from keeping permanent damage.These also can be at the integrity of electric discharge transducer Warning user when having been involved (compromised) due to fault.Nonserviceabling period switch (Switching) can be banned With.When on and off switch is closed prematurely due to the first short-and-medium road of side winding of transformator, short circuit detector can detect.If it is electric Stream comparator ran before the short-circuit detecting time-out of 550ns, and switch error latch will run.During switch error, defeated Go out pin 212 and be driven to Vin 1.2V, VSW, ERR.This part may need to reset with clear switch bug.

High impedance detector can monitor how long the on and off switch of integrated circuit 210 has turned on.If switch Remaining up the switch maximum on-time (on-time) being longer than 50 μ s, switch error latch is set, and exports Pin 212 is driven to Vin 1.2V, VSW, ERR.This part may need to reset with clear switch bug.OVP Circuit is dynamically by the SW pin clamper of NPN relay to 50V.This prevents internal power switch from entering fault and causing forever Damage for a long time.Clamper may also used as primary side (primary-side) buffer to absorb leakage inductance energy.The switch pincers of 200ns The position blanking time determines whether clamper is absorbing leakage peak voltage or whether switching when the secondary switch of transformator is open circuit Close.If switch clamper is longer than about 200ns, switch error latch is set.This part may need to reset with Clear switch bug.

For another one example, monitoring integrated circuit is designed to not accommodate (house) switch, and described monitoring is integrated Circuit is connected to primary transformers winding.On the contrary, switch can be accommodated in the outside of monitoring integrated circuit.Switch is placed on prison The outside surveying integrated circuit can enable monitoring integrated circuit process bigger electric current.Illustrate a specific example, institute State monitoring integrated circuit and can handle up to the average current of 2.5 amperes, but LTC3300 can process bigger up to 10 amperes Average current.

Figure 14 illustrates exemplary circuit 1400, a switch that observation circuit is connected to transformator in circuit 1400 It is positioned at the outside of described observation circuit.Circuit 1400 includes monitoring integrated circuit 1410, set of cells 1420, transformator 1430, many Individual first switch 1442 and multiple second switch 1444.Monitoring integrated circuit 1410 includes LTC3300.In each channel, The battery that monitoring integrated circuit 1410 is connected in set of cells 1420 by transformator 1430.Transformator 1430 includes one Secondary winding 1432 and Secondary Winding 1434.One end of winding 1432 is connected to the positive pole of the battery of set of cells 1420, separately One end is connected to the drain electrode of the first switch 1442.The grid of switch 1442 is connected to monitor integrated circuit 1410, its source electrode By the negative terminal of the battery that resistor is connected in set of cells 1420.One end of Secondary Winding 1434 is connected to battery Organize the anode of 1420, and other end is connected to the drain electrode of second switch 1444.The grid of second switch 1444 is connected To monitoring integrated circuit 1410, the source electrode of second switch 1444 is connected to the negative terminal of set of cells 1420 by resistor.

The advantage of the monitoring integrated circuit 210 shown in Fig. 2 is by the monitoring integrated circuit 1410 shown in Figure 14, monitoring Integrated circuit 1410 allows the transmitted in both directions of energy as shown in fig. 15, but, monitoring integrated circuit 210 may only allow such as The one-way transmission of the energy shown in Figure 15 B.Such as, during discharging, set of cells 220 has high-octane battery and connects, make From described battery, obtain energy with it winding, and use its Secondary Winding that energy is sent back to set of cells 220.For Same battery charging during, the monitoring integrated circuit 210 being associated with other batteries can be connected, can use they once around Group obtains energy from those batteries and may use their Secondary Winding that energy is sent back to set of cells 220.By contrast, During charging, monitoring integrated circuit 1410 can be the specific battery charging needing charging, and perhaps without by energy Send whole set of cells back to.It is to say, monitoring integrated circuit 1410 can use its Secondary Winding to obtain energy from set of cells 1420 Energy also can be sent back to the specific battery needing charging by amount.Figure 15 C illustrates that unidirectional charger, DC/DC permutator reside in Battery pack side and diode drive single battery.

Voltage Drop is a kind of phenomenon caused by the chemical reaction in particular battery.Generation in specific battery needs Chemical reaction necessary to the voltage wanted, when battery is connected, causes the voltage temporary transient at battery two ends to decline.When battery disconnects Time, cell voltage will go back along with the diffusion (diffusion) of the ion in battery becomes equal (equalize) rising.Electric charge Can not produce immediately；And for the given time, finite quantity can only be produced.It is instantaneous that battery also can have certain permission short-term The capacity effect of electric charge transmission.Under certain conditions, the electric charge generation rate to maintain specific voltage of needs is equal to carrying from battery The electric charge taken.The electric charge removed from outside batteries during balancing is seen as the net loss of electric charge, and so, voltage declines.Note The open battery voltage of meaning lithium ion battery is the instruction (SOC) of the state of charge of battery, and this is equally likely to be likely to be not equal to The terminal voltage of battery.Formula 8 illustrates this point, and wherein, capacity (Capacity) is the coulomb capacity of particular battery, and V_RANGE Minimum permission cell voltage is deducted for maximum allowable cell voltage.

IR compensates and can correct all IR pressure drops and can produce voltage at the two ends of battery, and described IR pressure drop includes end electricity The IR pressure drop that resistance and inner interconnection structure cause.Due to Voltage Drop phenomenon, actual open battery voltage is than battery two ends Voltage high.Therefore, V is not corrected_DROOP, IR may will not produce real open battery voltage.

Figure 16 A and 16B is shown in the counterbalance effect on battery two ends.Figure 16 A illustrates the electricity of battery when static organ is opened Pressure is fallen.As it has been described above, this falls is temporary transient and owing to the chemical reaction in battery, and disappear after static organ is closed Lose.Therefore, not having Voltage Drop to correct, balanced algorithm will vibrate when cell voltage falls and recovers.This is because due to electricity Pressure is fallen, and the cell voltage measured at static organ is lower than the virtual voltage of battery.Notice that Voltage Drop can be typically about 10 Or 20mV.Figure 16 B illustrates a kind of method fallen for correction voltage, and described method is every by continuously measuring and correcting Falling of individual point.This makes closed loop balanced algorithm stable, effectively increases feedforward compensation, and eliminates the internal charge generation with battery Relevant low frequency electrode.To this end, required correction factor 1610 is illustrated during static organ is opened.When static organ is closed, Correction factor fades away.But, the disposal ability correcting each data point for Voltage Drop may become difficult to achieve (note Some set of cells of anticipating are more than 100 batteries).Substituting, a kind of different method is the rate of change in floating voltage in time.

Figure 17 illustrates the derivative method for calculating Voltage Drop of the example above.In order to remove shaking in balanced algorithm Swinging, the magnitude for particular battery may must be known by.This needs to practise (exercised) extremely before balanced algorithm starts Lack the most once, and store its value for later use.V in Figure 17_DROOPCompensate, it is assumed that in transient affair (transient events) phase Between, there is insignificant change in SOC, described transient affair may need a few minutes.During cell load, use following calculation Method.

Initial transient: V_A(measurement last before transient state) is used in balanced algorithm, until V_CELLTime-derivative reach Minimum threshold.Described minimum threshold is used for determining when terminal voltage has balanced and can be arranged to 1 between samples Or 2mV；But, it can be arranged to other numerals.

During loading: V_DROOPIt is usually added to IR voltage drop, the V compensated_n,AVoltage is also used in balanced algorithm.

Exit transient state: V_B(last V_n,A+V_DROOPMeasure) it is used in balanced algorithm, until V_CELLTime-derivative reach To minimum threshold, the most between samples 1 or 2mV.

After load (static organ is closed): return to IR and compensate V_CELL,V_n,A.Once Voltage Drop is at baseline quilt Determining, because described Voltage Drop is not greatly changed, described Voltage Drop can be used without again between any balance period Calculate Voltage Drop.Alternatively, for further degree of accuracy, described Voltage Drop can every now and then, such as every 30 minutes, and meter Calculate until the Voltage Drop of latest computed can be used in balance.Certainly, if system dynamics change, Voltage Drop can become Calculate during change and the Voltage Drop of latest computed can be used in balance.

Recalculate Voltage Drop: drop-off voltage may utilize formula 9 and uses the some V in Figure 17_BAnd V_CRecalculate.Can lead to Spend the time extended between battery voltage measurement and utilize moving average technology to reach more preferable resolution.Threshold time is Adjustable.In a specific example, described threshold time can be set every 20 milliseconds, until differential electrical cell voltage exists In the threshold value set.Generally, within one point or two minutes, fall during this period.

V_DROOP=V_C–V_B(formula 9)

The value of Voltage Drop (Voltage Droop) increases with electric current and increases.Scale factor can be calculated, and be used for Adjust Voltage Drop under different loading conditions to compensate.Formula 10 can produce available scale factor and assume Voltage Drop with (verse) load current is linear.Curve matching may be alternatively used for making Voltage Drop proportional based on load current, thus Cause a kind of non-linear relation, and add the degree of accuracy of entirety.

R_n,ESR=V_n,DROOP/I_n(formula 10)

Voltage Drop compensates (Voltage Droop Compensation) also can increase system stability.Except voltage falls Fall outside compensating, it is possible to implement a moving average shakes (ringing) with the induction reducing to come from equilibrium response Noise and system disturbance.Concussion can cause the charge-restoring of too much loss in efficiency and minimizing.May call for stablizing of system Property with extend set of cells the operation time (run-time), it is possible to prevent in the battery storage electric charge balance dissipate and not It is to concentrate.

Further, some stacked in series formula Li-ion batteries piles target market application may call for battery be averaged distribution exist In whole device.Other application requires that set of cells is easily keeped in repair.These application are all benefited from basic method, in order to battery Group uses 12-battery, self-contained module construction.The BSM IC with 12 passages that selects of 12 batteries goes on well, but this thought Battery any number of to each module is effective.Module self is configured to as in Fig. 1, in FIG battery equilibrium bag Containing in the module.As it is shown in figure 1, the use of unidirected discharge device configuration can be used.Alternatively, unidirectional or two-way charger Configuration can be used.This may be more more effective than passive equilibrium module, and can allow higher balanced balanced current.The electric charge of each battery Or take away or return to from whole 12-battery module in whole 12-battery module, be labeled as MODULE+ and MODULE-.

Electric charge can be taken away or return in whole group of voltage from whole group of voltage (stack voltage), described whole Group voltage includes some 12-battery modules connected, but will appear from high voltage in the module, and can cause peace during safeguarding Full blast danger.Too increasing risk when connecting up for the high-voltage line in device, described device has and spreads all over high pressure for dispensed weight The module of line.In the case of single battery equilibrium comprises in the module, the second stage of balance can be required to balance multiple Electric charge in module, the plurality of module comprises whole set of cells.When a new module replaces the module damaged, this is especially Substantially, described new module has more capacity than the every other module in set of cells.

Figure 18 illustrates another exemplary BSM 1800.BSM 1800 is module-to-group (module-to-stack) Balance.To this end, BSM 1800 includes multiple module 1-N and module-to-group static organ 1830.Each of module 1-N May correspond to the BSM 100 shown in Fig. 1, described BSM100 is connected to BSM chip 1830.Each of module 1-N can need One enable signal is so that particular module can balance, and the most described enable signal post is designated as EN, special from being connected to that Fixed module-sent to the battery module of-group static organ, usually sends from the GPIO of BSM chip 1830.Use is connected to Programmed algorithm in the processor of BSM chip communication port is made decision.This decision is that voltage-contrast based on correlation module is whole Averaging module voltage in individual set of cells.In the case of Figure 18, all modules having higher than averaging module voltage and/or storage Electric charge plus balanced threshold, will control its module-to-group static organ electric discharge higher than the module of average storage storage electric charge.

Figure 18 illustrate module-to-group static organ use, this static organ has the inverse-excitation type being configured to unidirected discharge device Transducer；Although described transducer can be configured to unidirectional charger or bidirectional transducer.Electric charge passes from each single module Send and be back to whole set of cells, STACK+ and STACK-.All of high-voltage circuit cover module-to-group transducer；So And, it should be parallel to each module place voltage clamp with prevent high voltage occur in during module is replaced MODULE+ and MODULE-end.

Some application may require the more balanced balanced current allowed than single monitoring integrated circuit.Described single monitoring collection Become circuit that balanced balanced current can be allowed to reach 2.5 amperes.Accordingly, because capacity is relatively big or equilibration time is shorter and need higher than 2.5 The application of ampere (such as 5 amperes) balanced balanced current, can add parallel multiple integrated monitor circuit, as from circuit or Main circuit.This may increase the discharge current amount taken away from each battery.To this end, the static organ on each passage can by some also The less static organ composition of row.Described static organ can be the monolithic with the on and off switch in the static organ chip being integrated in Integrated circuit, described static organ chip for example, LT8584；Or it is the control with outside independent current source switch solution Device, described controller such as LTC3300, LT3751 or LT3750.

Figure 19 A illustrates multiple parallel subordinate static organ.Figure 19 B illustrates multiple parallel main static organ.Additionally, at figure In 19A, single static organ can be heterogeneous (multi-phase) type.Master/slave method shown in Figure 19 A can use list The individual main static organ that can enable one or more subordinate static organ.This architecture can be configured as follows:

Main static organ	Subordinate static organ
		Monolithic integrated circuit	Monolithic integrated circuit
Monolithic integrated circuit	Controller
		Controller	Monolithic integrated circuit
Controller	Controller

In fig. 19b, it is shown that all of main static organ, the most each static organ is controlled by identical enable signal parallel. The power supply that described parallel enable signal can control any monolithic integrated circuit as listed in upper table or controller type turns The combination of parallel operation.

In other enforcement, replacing voltage compensation balance, system can be configured to based on stacked in series formula (series- Stacked) state of charge (SOC) of each battery in battery, balances stacked in series formula battery.The balance of voltage can be useful , but final purpose is probably the storage electric charge balanced in each battery.Charge balance is possible more effective and can improve The stability of balance system.This is because in charge balance, according to it is determined that be transferred to battery or be transferred out battery Amount, static organ is held open until certain amount of electric charge has been transferred and need not monitor open-circuit cell electricity continuously Pressure.In contrast, in voltage compensation balances, open battery voltage may be by monitoring continuously until reaching desired value (open battery voltage in such as set of cells is balanced).But, owing to some can for the parts measuring open battery voltage Can not extend through the stationary value of balance, Voltage Drop parts the most as shown in Figure 17, open battery voltage may be inaccurate And the expected value in special time threshold value may not be focused on.But, voltage compensation balance can be used for balancing stacked in series formula Battery is to extract all of storage electric charge.There is several method to balance based on absolute cell voltage.When in charge/discharge process When the chien shih storage tailend electric charge of any one maximizes, the method can be used.During other operations of set of cells, described Balance can SOC based on battery, the most definitely store electric charge.

Based on storage electric charge balance be probably favourable, in order to the peak value balanced balanced current required for minimizing.Formula 11 The relation of time and balanced balanced current is shown, wherein provides mismatch (mismatch) and account for the percentage ratio of total capacity.Such as, if battery Capacity be calculated as 80%, mismatch will be 20%.Voltage compensation balance can allow to balance and exceed the big of electric discharge or charge cycle Part and may make needs balanced balanced current minimum.To this end, the size of DC/DC changer, weight and expense also can reduce.

Balance based on storage electric charge needs to relate to the open battery voltage to SOC and the battery data of coulomb counting.Figure 20 illustrate that relating to the open battery voltage to SOC and load terminal voltage and BSM measures the specific curves of voltage.Open from described Road battery curve some point can be stored in a look-up table, perhaps every 10% or every 1% point, with determine based on The percentage ratio of the SOC of open battery voltage.Open battery voltage can use the voltage of the combination discussed in fig. 1 above-19 (IR), Voltage Drop and common mode compensation are extracted.

For each battery in set of cells, percentage curve based on SOC can generally keep identical, even if The when of aging.The aging absolute capacity changing battery of one particular battery, it is therefore desirable to balance.SOC lookup table can need Want family (a family of) open battery voltage curve based on constant battery temperature or point.Each battery temperature can To use negative temperature coefficient damping resistance (NTC) or to be similar to the junction diode of burying of 2N3904 transistor and measure.Each Battery temperature sensor can be used multi input analog multiplexer (MUX) to drive the universal input output of BSM by BSM chip (GPIO) one of pin reads.It is alternatively possible to it is integrated to monitoring to increase the extra external pin being associated with accessory channel The simulation MUX (circuit 240 as in Fig. 2) of device measures the temperature sensor of each battery.

Described SOC lookup table may be also required to family (a family of) open circuit based on constant battery load current electricity Cell voltage curve or point.The total current of each battery is determined by electric current net (mesh), and described electric current net includes using integrated prison Survey the battery discharge current measured by device, use the blocks current of circuit 140 measurement in Fig. 1 and use Hall effect electricity The group electric current that the shunt resistance circuit of flow sensor or communicate with CPU (talking to) records determines, as shown in figure 18.A kind of Substitution method can use Voltage Drop compensation determine or produce constant load current family of curves.

Described SOC lookup table may be also required to that family (a family of) is based on described charge/discharge hysteresis to open Road cell voltage profiles or point.Alternatively, described hysteresis is based on function or the analytic solutions of empirical data.Such as public affairs Electric charge slope measurement in formula 12 can be used for determining the existence of hysteresis.

Coulomb may be needed to count the relative of the particular battery for every other battery determined in set of cells Capacity.Figure 21 illustrates the part snapshot of the electric charge slope of three batteries with different full charge capacity.The slope of every line can To be expressed as formula X, wherein n is specific battery.

Electric charge slope (Slopen)=Δ Vn/ Δ Qn (formula 12)

The ability accurately measuring single balanced balanced current can provide the user the quantity of electric charge measured from battery removal, with And the method for the residual charge that storage is in the battery.Equation 1 below 3 shows the relation of electric charge (Q), and is expressed as coulomb (C):

Q_n=∫ (I_n+I_MOD,m+I_STK) dt (formula 13)

In is the averaged discharge or balanced balanced current using integrated monitor device to record from a specific battery, and IMON, m are The blocks current recorded with the circuit 140 and 142 in Fig. 1, ISTK is to utilize Hall effect or communicate with the GPIO port of BSM The group electric current that current detection circuit records.Accordingly, it would be desirable to an extra parameter carrys out calculated charge, i.e. parameter t or the time.Time Parameter be (interest) interested total time especially for measure between the storage 2 of electric charge of particular battery time Between.Time can use and be tracked for the microprocessor controlling BMS.

Current measurement errors can directly influence the degree of accuracy that storage electric charge calculates.Such as, the current measurement errors of 3% can To cause the storage electric charge of 3% to calculate error.Relative error in specific module can be by utilizing in IR pressure drop fall compensates Measured value be reduced to less than 1%.Current measurement can be adjusted by a correction factor:

In, A are revised current measurement value, and In, B are to use the electric current that records of monitoring device, Rn, A and Rn, B be with Connect the resistance that the VCELL pin of observation circuit is associated with the circuit of the positivity terminal of battery.Absolute current measurement error can To be reduced the tolerance of 1% or less, this carrys out reference by the monitoring device of the battery 1 by being connected to known each module Realize as resistor.

The electric charge slope of each battery can be measured to calculate its capacity.Electric charge slope measurement can need coulomb counting even Table is inquired about with the percentage ratio of SOC based on open battery voltage VOCV, n.The open battery voltage comprehensive IR voltage drop of possible use, Voltage Drop and common mode compensation are extracted.In formula 15, capacity (Capacity) is relevant to a specific battery n. Under normal circumstances, change bigger in %SOC calculates for Capacity, and Capacity measurement becomes more accurate.

Final target is to extract the quantity of electric charge stored in each battery at any time.This allows for balanced algorithm to make The quantity of electric charge rather than open battery voltage with storage are as the parameter balanced, and cause the increase of balance efficiency.Based on storage The balance system of electric charge may have open battery voltage, described open-circuit voltage in set of cells normal range of operation each other it Between be different；But, when the series connection group (series-stack) of battery discharges into 0%SOC, open battery voltage will be concentrated And become equal.Equally, when the series connection group of battery charges to 100%SOC, open battery voltage is concentrated and equality.For Particular battery n, determines that the formula of instantaneous storage electric charge and formula 16 are relevant.

Qn=%SOCn Capacityn (formula 16)

Figure 22 shows a firmware theory diagram being associated with the monitoring integrated circuit of the application.It can trust that It is, in the art the structure of technical staff's familiar with computers equipment, programming and basic operation that therefore, accompanying drawing should be Self-explantory.Such as, firmware, including the data communication interface for block data communication.Described firmware also includes centre Reason device (CPU), shows as the form of one or more processor, is used for performing programmed instruction.Firmware platform generally includes inside Communication bus, program storage and the data storage for various data files, described data file is entered to BSM by firmware Row processes and/or communication, although firmware generally receives data by BSM.Hardware component, operating system and programming language are in essence On be routinely, presumable, technical staff is very familiar to these in the art.

Therefore, including but not limited to that IR compensates, Voltage Drop compensates the above master of the voltage compensating method with common mode compensation The balanced voltage compensation method of galvanic electricity pond can embody in programming.This technical scheme can be counted as " product " or generally with Executable code and/or " goods " of the form of data that are associated, described data can be with a kind of machine readable media type Perform or embody." store " type media and include any or all computers, processor or the like, or relevant module Body, the most various semiconductor memories, tape drive, the Tangible storage such as disc driver, it can provide any The permanent storage of the software program of time.A kind of machine readable media can include but not limited to tangible to take many forms Storage medium, carrier media or physical transmission medium.

Other are achieved in that intended.For another example, monitoring integrated circuit can include general safety parameter.Deposit At suitable (in place) cell voltage overall maximum and the plate level core of minimum, the equilibration time of maximum, and maximum Sheet (IC) level temperature and the security parameter of battery temperature, if these parameters are intersected, will cause the BSM/ equalizer circuit of entirety Shutdown.Between battery chemistries and battery chemistries, these values may be different, and therefore parameter is that user is configurable. Maximum battery voltage can prevent from charging more than a specific threshold value battery.Battery can not overcharge because this will cause and be Serious fault within Tong, the most on fire.To this end, system may have a programmable threshold value that arranges Function, so when meeting or exceeding threshold value, all are all by closedown, and battery does not recharges.Will not occur further to balance, and And a rub-out signal can be produced to notify that this voltage of Systems Operator alreadys more than threshold value.

Similarly, minimum cell voltage can prevent battery discharge to be less than specific threshold.If its voltage is equal to or less than spy Determining threshold value, battery can not discharge, because this may result in system catastrophe failure, and reduces battery life.To this end, system may Having a programmable function arranging threshold value, so when meeting or exceeding threshold value, all are all by closedown, and battery is no longer put Electricity.Will not occur further to balance, and an error signal can be produced to notify that this voltage of Systems Operator alreadys more than threshold Value.

Maximum equilibration time can limit the maximum time that monitoring integrated circuit balancing battery can be opened.There is both of which Balance: manually balance and autobalance.In a manual mode, BMS operator can select a battery for balancing.At this Under kind of pattern, maximum equilibration time will prevent from BMS operator from forgetting static organ closing.In this way, this system can be kept away Exempt from battery discharge completely and damage battery.

Autobalance pattern is based on whole system or individual module average voltage or average stored charge, and user determines Threshold value.If battery is above or below average voltage or electric charge +/-user's threshold value of average storage, it will be the mesh of balance Mark.When battery is higher than average voltage or electric charge+user's threshold value of storage, and it will be unlocked for balancing.This can drag down immediately Effectively measure voltage, this passage can be got rid of from balanced threshold scope in typical system.But, BMS can make to use tricks The equivalent series resistance of the antenna impedance, the impedance of battery and the battery that calculate is to determine the float charge voltage of battery.This inverse calculating Or compensate voltage and can also be used as a hysteresis, to determine when to close high-tension battery.This inverse calculating magnitude of voltage can To be used as calculating average voltage and the electric charge of storage of BMS.The battery of the unit having be turned on being close to can show one The voltage of individual effective measurement, the float charge voltage of this its reality of voltage ratio effectively measured is higher.The electric wire calculated by use The equivalent series resistance of impedance, battery impedance and battery, the actual float charge voltage of this battery can be determined.This inverse calculating Magnitude of voltage can be used to the average voltage of calculating system and stored charge and SOC.This inverse calculating magnitude of voltage is also May be used to determine, actually battery is the need of balance.

When battery is in the electric charge less than average voltage or storage-user's threshold value, it can be labeled charging.When an electricity Pond is in module during labeled charging, and all batteries in addition to being marked as the unit of charging may be switched on.Adjacent The battery of the unit having be turned on may show the voltage of an effective measurement, and this voltage ratio effectively measured is in fact The float charge voltage on border is higher.The antenna impedance calculated by use, the impedance of battery and the equivalent series resistance of battery, we Can determine the actual float charge voltage of these batteries.This inverse magnitude of voltage that calculates will be used to the average voltage of calculating system.This The individual inverse magnitude of voltage that calculates also will be used by inferring that SOC determines that battery is actually the need of filling based on open battery voltage Electricity.The battery having turned on would indicate that one is effectively measured voltage than what the actual floating charging of battery forced down.But, this system Use the equivalent series resistance of the antenna impedance, battery impedance and the battery that are calculated to determine the float charge voltage of these batteries.Inverse Calculating voltage and a lagged value can be used for determining when to close battery, battery is the need of charging.This inverse calculating voltage Value can be used for average voltage and the SOC of calculating system.

For another example, this system can include that common-mode offset compensates.Common-mode offset compensates and is used for configuring compensation system Middle momentary load spike.Such load peaks can cause common mode to be drifted about, and the drift of this common mode may result in anode error signal and hands over Change or the exchange of negative electrode error signal.Impregnable passage should be switched on or switched off by passage, if common mode is inclined by observing those Move and occur, just can set up.Before and after observing passage, can be easy to show any side-play amount generated, and right Simple interpolation in any other this side-play amount of passage can compensate skew.

For another example, this system can be with the multiple passage of one-shot measurement.Owing to causing the signal exchange of voltage step to be assisted View, pattern switching while that adjacency channel may failing.But, switch the algorithm that each passage opens and closes one at a time, will Needing high amount of time, the result of such algorithm is the summation utilizing all of signal exchange window.In order to avoid this Situation, can have been categorized into part (generally such as the every 3rd or the fourth lane of Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b) and each at circuit board After the signal exchange of unitary part process, the place switching different parts one by one, use the logical of a multichannel Road switches.This can allow to reduce for the time changing a large amount of channel pattern.

The most such as, in order to accelerate measurement process, when attempting to measure electric current, temperature or load voltage, 3 passages can be by idol Measure.For avoiding the channel-to-channel impact on measuring, 3 passages are set to maximum, and this still allows for compensating common-mode offset.When When one passage is opened, passage may be affected and be positioned at directly over it and the passage of underface, thus owing to electric current causes any Side-play amount.Every time with 3 passages, having enough relief areas between passage, to avoid any skew, this achieves measurement reliably Result is for calculating temperature, and electric current and load voltage, this can be used for the most again measuring such as battery impedance, electric wire resistance Anti-, battery imitates series resistance and the value of compensating impedance.

For another example, although various assemblies are illustrated as individually (such as, BSM chip 130 and monitoring integrated circuit 110), they can combine.For another example, although presently filed embodiment is described as balancing lithium ion Battery, they can be used for balancing ultracapacitor and lithium-ion capacitor.

When be described previously be considered as optimal mode and/or other example time, it will be understood that can be wherein Carrying out various amendment, theme disclosed herein can realize with embodiment in a variety of manners, and this teaching can be applicable to Many application, only few of which is described herein as.

Except as otherwise noted, all measurements, value, grade (ratings), position, size, size and in this specification Other specifications of middle statement, are included in following claims, are general, are not accurately.Their purpose is to have One rational scope consistent with function, the custom that described function is associated with and meets in art.

Protection scope of the present invention is defined solely by the appended claims.Except mentioned above, do not have any stated or illustrated, yet Should not be interpreted as causing any parts step, feature, target, interests, benefit or be equal to the contribution of the public, no matter it Describe the most in the claims.

It is appreciated that the term used in this article and statement have common implication, because these terms and expression Consistent to each relevant the research and learning field, unless specific implication, the most described herein.Relational language is such as First and second etc., can be used alone, from another, distinguish an entity or function, and not necessarily require or imply these This relation of any reality between entity or function or order.Term " includes ", " comprising ", or its other change any is all Being intended to including of nonexcludability, such as, process, method, article or device, the list of its element comprised is not only Including those key elements, but not expressly listed or other intrinsic element during can be included these, method, article or Device.Without further limiting, element by " a " or " an " (proceeded) not should, eliminating is in this process The existence of other identical elements, method, article or device, or comprise the device of this element.

The summary of the disclosure is provided to allow reader to quickly determine essence disclosed in this technology.It is submitted has it not Can be used to explain or limit scope or the understanding of implication of claim.It addition, in detailed description above, it can be seen that The purpose that the most various features are combined is to simplify the disclosure.This open method should not be solved It is interpreted as being reflected in each claim claimed embodiment ratio and the intention that need more function is expressly recited.On the contrary, As the following claims reflect, subject matter is all features less than single open embodiment.Therefore, following right During requirement is hereby incorporated into describing in detail, each claim self is as the most claimed theme.

Claims (9)

1. a monitoring device (110), it is characterised in that described monitoring device is configured to monitoring open circuit during set of cells balances Cell voltage, described monitoring device (110) including:

Input terminal (134), described input terminal (134) is configured to receive input signal from battery system management BSM；

Lead-out terminal (132), described lead-out terminal (132) is configured as output to the battery parameter for determining open battery voltage, Described open battery voltage is associated with in the multiple batteries in described set of cells (120), described set of cells (120) base It is connected to described monitoring device (110) in the input signal received from described battery system management BSM；

Described monitoring device (110) is configured that

Measure and a cell voltage being associated in the multiple batteries in described set of cells (120)；

Consider the impedance relevant to the static organ of the activation in described monitoring device (110), determine and measure the balanced balanced current arrived The voltage drop being associated；

During balancing, organizing load and group charging, by based on the cell voltage measured by described voltage drop adjustment, calculating institute State open battery voltage；

Based on the multiple batteries in set of cells (120) described in the open battery voltage calculated simultaneously active balancing, Qi Zhongzhu Dynamic balancing and calculate described open battery voltage and carry out simultaneously.

2. the monitoring device (110) described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described monitoring device (110) passes through single-line type battery Being connected to described set of cells (120), in described single-line type battery connects, described monitoring device (110) arrives described battery The ground terminal (246) of group (120) arrives the Vcell pin (244) of described set of cells (120) with another monitoring device (110) Share common path, wherein, based on the equation below described open battery voltage of calculating:

V_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·(R_n-1,A+R_n,B)-I_n-1·R_n-1,B-I_n+1·R_n,A+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL, wherein:

V_n,AFor the open battery voltage being associated with a battery n in the plurality of battery,

V_n,BIt is the cell voltage that a measurement in the plurality of battery is arrived for described monitoring device (110),

R_n-1,AFor when using the balanced balanced current I being associated with described battery n_nWhen measuring, and it is connected described monitoring device (110) resistance that ground terminal (246) and the circuit of the negativity terminal of described battery n are associated,

R_n-1,BFor when using the balanced balanced current I being associated with the battery below described battery n_n-1When measuring, described with being connected The resistance that the circuit of the ground terminal (246) of monitoring device (110) and the negativity terminal of described battery n is associated,

R_n,AFor when using the balanced balanced current I being associated with the battery above above-mentioned battery n_n+1When measuring, described with being connected The resistance that the circuit of the Vcell pin (244) of monitoring device (110) and the positivity terminal of described battery n is associated,

R_n,BFor when using the balanced balanced current I being associated with described battery n_nWhen measuring, and it is connected described monitoring device (110) Vcell pin (244) and the resistance that is associated of the circuit of positivity terminal of described battery n,

R_n,CELLFor the resistance being associated with described battery n, and include the internal driving of battery n or D.C. resistance DCR and with The impedance that the connection of battery is associated, the connection of described battery is and in multiple batteries of described set of cells (120) Following battery and battery above do not have the connection of the battery of overlapping trees,

I_n(710) it is and a balanced balanced current being associated in the plurality of battery,

I_n-1For the balanced balanced current being associated with the battery below in the plurality of battery,

I_n+1For the balanced balanced current being associated with the above battery of in the plurality of battery, and

I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery.

3. the monitoring device (110) described in claim 2, it is characterised in that described monitoring device (110) passes through two-wire system battery Being connected to described set of cells (120), in described two-wire system battery connects, described monitoring device (110) arrives described battery The ground terminal (246) of group (120) does not arrives the Vcell pin (244) of described set of cells (120) with the second monitoring device (110) Sharing common path, described second monitoring device is closed on and below described monitoring device,

Wherein, the impedance being associated with described monitoring device (110) based on equation below calculating:

Wherein:

V_n,MODE0Corresponding to the cell voltage of when balancing disabled in the plurality of battery of described monitoring device,

V_n,MODE1The cell voltage of in the plurality of battery when being activated corresponding to the balance of described monitoring device,

I_nFor with a balanced balanced current being associated in the plurality of battery,

I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery, and

R_n,CELLFor in the plurality of battery D.C. resistance (DCR) and connect resistance, wherein can be based on following public affairs Formula two-wire system battery connection calculating open battery voltage:

V_n,A=V_n,B+I_n·R_n+(I_n-I_MOD)·R_n,CELL-I_n-1·R_n-1, wherein:

V_n,AFor with an open battery voltage being associated in the plurality of battery,

V_n,BIt is the voltage that a measurement in the plurality of battery is arrived for described monitoring device (110),

R_nFor the V with the monitoring device (110) of be connected in the plurality of battery_CELLThe impedance that pin is associated,

R_n-1For the impedance being associated with the monitoring device (110) of the battery below be connected in the plurality of battery,

R_n,CELLFor in the plurality of battery DCR and connect resistance,

I_nFor with a balanced balanced current being associated in the plurality of battery,

I_n-1For the balanced balanced current being associated with the battery below in the plurality of battery, and

I_MODFor simultaneously flowing through the electric current of the plurality of battery.

4. the monitoring device (110) according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described monitoring device (110) enters Step is configured that

Measure and the unlatching in the plurality of battery Voltage Drop being associated based on described Voltage Drop and described Voltage drop calculates described open battery voltage, and/or wherein, with a monitoring device being associated in the plurality of battery (110), after the transient period after opening terminates, described Voltage Drop is added in described voltage drop calculate open-circuit cell electricity Pressure.

5. according to the monitoring device (110) according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that be further configured to:

Calculate and a capacity being associated in the plurality of battery；

Storage electric charge based in the plurality of battery of the calculation of capacity calculated；

Based on the multiple batteries in set of cells (120) described in the storage electric charge that calculated simultaneously active balancing, wherein balance with And calculate described open battery voltage and carry out simultaneously.

6. according to the monitoring device (110) according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that be further configured to based on Equation below calculating capacity:

${\mathrm{Capacity}}_n=\left(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\Δ\%SOC}}_n}\right)\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_n$

Wherein:

ΔQ_nThe variable quantity of the storage electric charge represented in the plurality of battery within the time cycle,

Δ %SOC_nRepresent the percentage ratio change of the state of charge SOC of in the plurality of battery within the described time cycle, And

Capacity_nRepresent the capacity of in the plurality of battery,

Wherein, calculate and store the first open-circuit voltage and the second open-circuit voltage, and by utilizing inquiry table to calculate the percentage ratio of SOC Change, described inquiry table is configured to make described first open battery voltage and the first percentage ratio SOC be correlated with, and makes described second Open battery voltage and the second percentage ratio SOC are correlated with, in order between described first percentage ratio SOC and described second percentage ratio SOC Difference change corresponding to the percentage ratio of described SOC, wherein, calculate in the plurality of battery one based on equation below Electric charge:

Q_n=%SOC_n·Capacity_n,

Wherein:

%SOC_nRepresent the percentage ratio SOC of in the plurality of battery, and

Capacity_nRepresent the capacity of in the plurality of battery.

7. a system, it is characterised in that including:

Multiple modules, each module include set of cells (120), claim 1 be used for balance the multiple of described set of cells (120) The monitoring device (110) of in battery, and for measuring the modular system management of open-circuit voltage, wherein measure open circuit electricity Cell voltage and balancing battery are carried out simultaneously；

Module-to-group-static organ (1830), described module-coupled to the plurality of module to-group-static organ, and include many Individual static organ, each described static organ is associated with in the plurality of module, described module-join to-group-static organ It is set to balance the voltage between described module or storage electric charge.

8. the active cell-balancing method that an IR compensates, it is characterised in that include step:

At input terminal (134) place of monitoring device (110) and receive input signal from battery system management BSM；

In response to described input signal, activate in balance is coupled to the set of cells (120) of described monitoring device (110) many The described monitoring device (110) of individual battery；

Measure and the voltage of the associated plurality of battery of multiple batteries in described set of cells (120)；

Consider the impedance relevant to the static organ of the activation in described monitoring device (110), determine and measure the multiple batteries arrived The voltage drop that is associated of balanced balanced current；

During balance, group load and group charging, measure, by adjusting based on described voltage drop, the cell voltage arrived, calculate and institute State the open battery voltage that the multiple batteries in set of cells (120) are associated；And

Based on the multiple batteries in set of cells (120) described in the open battery voltage calculated simultaneously active balancing, wherein balance Carry out with calculating described open battery voltage simultaneously.

9. the method described in claim 8, it is characterised in that farther include:

Actively monitor the described balanced balanced current of described monitoring device (110)；And

Described voltage drop is calculated, to avoid one in the plurality of battery during balancing based on the balanced balanced current monitored Overcharge or undercharge.