CN104062075B - A kind of car load sound transmission loss method of testing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of car load sound transmission loss method of testing, and described method, based on reciprocity, comprises the steps: in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency；Multiple region will be divided into around car load, using automobile front chamber as a region, and in regional, be respectively arranged multiple microphone；Obtain medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional when different frequency scope in car respectively, and the sound pressure level of noise medium-high frequency sound source in car produced when different frequency scope subtracts each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively, and the sound pressure level of the noise produced when different frequency scope by low-frequency sound source in car subtracts each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively, draw regional oise insulation factor respectively in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency, thus draw regional sound transmission loss amount respectively in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency.Method of testing of the present invention can science, scrupulously assessment car load sealing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of automobile, be specifically related to a kind of car load sound transmission loss
Method of testing.
Background technology
Car load NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) performance is mainly used in weighing apparatus
The workmanship of amount automobile, refer generally to noise that passenger experiences while taking a bus, vibration and
Discomfort.Wherein, what noise (Noise) referred mainly to that passenger hears is transmitted by car body
To the various noises of interior of body, such as the noise of electromotor, the noise of tire, car inner face
Noise, shaft gear that panel vibration is formed are engaged noise, wind noise and the car sent
Noise etc. outside body, and the quality of car load sealing directly affects the isolation of noise of car body
Performance and Che Nei sound pressure level.
At present, full-sized car production firm typically to assess car load by whole tightness close
Feng Xing, specifically, airtight according to competing product car (i.e. rival produce similar car)
Property, the noise level of acoustical material and car load optimize the close of same car that our factory produces
Envelope property and acoustical material.But, this method is the most comprehensive, without emphasis, nothing
Method forms science, rigorous appraisement system, it is impossible to assessment car load sealing exactly, more
Effectively cannot provide foundation for car load acoustics bag adjustment, its result ultimately resulted in is,
Car load blindly and uses acoustical material in large quantities, the most only obtains car load noise figure and drops minimumly
Low, cost performance is the highest, also can cause rising and the prolongation of construction cycle of project cost.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved be for prior art in the presence of above-mentioned
Defect, it is provided that a kind of can science, scrupulously assess car load sealing the transaudient damage of car load
Lose method of testing.
Solve the technology of the present invention problem be the technical scheme is that
Described car load sound transmission loss method of testing is based on reciprocity, and it comprises the steps:
1) in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency；Many by being divided into around car load
Individual region, using automobile front chamber as a region, and is respectively arranged many in regional
Individual microphone；
2) medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source in car are obtained respectively each when different frequency scope
Average sound pressure level in individual region, and by medium-high frequency sound source in car when different frequency scope
The sound pressure level of the noise produced is subtracted each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively, and
The sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when different frequency scope respectively with respectively
Average sound pressure level in individual region subtracts each other, and show that regional is respectively at medium-high frequency and low frequency
Different frequency in the range of oise insulation factor, thus draw regional respectively in medium-high frequency and
Sound transmission loss amount in the range of the different frequency of low frequency.
Preferably, in step 1) in, below the position of described microphone need to meet
Condition:
Most noise sources that described microphone is arranged on the car load being in transport condition
Position；
For the noise source that the volume on the car load being in transport condition is bigger, described transaudient
Device is arranged near its envelope face；
For the noise that the radiated noise directivity on the car load being in transport condition is stronger
Source, described microphone is arranged in its each radiation direction.
Preferably, using each microphone position as a test point, described test
Method testing condition need to meet at least one in following condition:
A. on test car load, the difference of noise at each test point and background noise is more than
15dB；
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C；
C. the variations in temperature of test environment is less than 6 DEG C；
D. test car load can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assemble
Integral level；
E. test car load is Light Condition；
F. the adjustable seat of test car load is the most all located
In centre position, backrest is in vertical position.
Preferably, in step 1) in, arrange many in region residing for described automobile front chamber
Individual microphone lays respectively near the envelope face of electromotor and change speed gear box.
Preferably, in step 1) in, the multiple regions difference being divided into around car load
For: region residing for region, body bottom residing for region, rear bumper residing for each tire
With each car door residing for region.
Preferably, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for each tire described position respectively
In the near top of each tire with in travel direction, before and after each tire, both sides are attached
Closely.
Preferably, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described rear bumper position respectively
In the back lower place of rear bumper, the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, puts down each other
Row and spaced set.
Preferably, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described body bottom position respectively
Near body bottom, the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on
Body bottom.
Preferably, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for each car door described position respectively
In each door outside.
Preferably, in step 2) in, it is respectively divided medium-high frequency sound source according to third-octave
Frequency range with low-frequency sound source.
Beneficial effect:
Car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention is at Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and low frequency
Two sound sources, around car load and automobile front chamber residing for regional be respectively arranged multiple biography
Sound device is to receive sound-source signal, by measuring and calculate the regional of this car respectively
Oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency with reference to competing product car, thus
Drawing the region that the sealing of this car is more weak, those skilled in the art can be targeted
The region that these sealings are more weak is taken measures, including sealing and acoustics material by ground
The optimization of material, thus blindly and in large quantities use sound-absorbing material to improve in prior art
The noise level of car load is compared, it is possible to science, scrupulously assessment car load sealing, effectively
Ground provides foundation and guidance for car load acoustics bag adjustment, and can accomplish with a definite target in view, therefore adopts
Just can obtain car load noise to greatly reduce with relatively low cost, cost performance is higher, accordingly
Reduce construction cycle of project cost and car load；
Meanwhile, in car load NVH development process, for the problem that internal car noise is big, root
According to noise spectrum, and can be quick by car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention
Judge whether it is the problem that causes of acoustic seal, improve development efficiency, be also NVH
Instruction work specifies direction；
Car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention realizes simple, effectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is automobile sketch；
Wherein, Figure 1A is front view, and Figure 1B is rearview, and Fig. 1 C is left view,
Fig. 1 D is right view, and Fig. 1 E is top view；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of car load sound transmission loss method of testing described in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 medium and low frequency sound source and the position of medium-high frequency sound source
Schematic diagram；
Wherein, Fig. 3 A is right view, and Fig. 3 B is front view；
Fig. 4 is the layout of microphone in automobile front chamber region in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Position view；
Fig. 5 is frequency range and two kinds of automobiles of the embodiment of the present invention 2 medium and low frequency sound source
The corresponding relation signal of the oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low frequency of the region residing for front deck
Figure, wherein, abscissa is frequency (unit: Hz), vertical coordinate be oise insulation factor (unit:
dB)；
Fig. 6 is the cloth set of microphone in region residing for the near front wheel in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Put schematic diagram；
Wherein, Fig. 6 A is right view, and Fig. 6 B is top view；
Fig. 7 is the layout of microphone in region residing for rear bumper in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Position view；
Wherein, Fig. 7 A is rearview, and Fig. 7 B is right view；
Fig. 8 is the layout of microphone in region residing for body bottom in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Position view；
Fig. 9 is the layout of microphone in region residing for each car door in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Position view；
Wherein, Fig. 9 A is right view, and Fig. 9 B is left view, and Fig. 9 C is rearview.
In figure: 1-automotive seat；101-rests the head on；102-medium-high frequency sound source；103-
Low-frequency sound source；Region residing for 2-automobile front chamber；201-electromotor；202-change speed gear box；
203～212-microphones；Region residing for 3-the near front wheel；301-the near front wheel；302～306
-microphone；Region residing for 4-rear bumper；401-rear bumper；402-exhaustor；
403～407-microphones；Region residing for 5-body bottom；501-off-front wheel；502-
Off hind wheel；503-left rear wheel；504～508-microphones；Region residing for each car door of 6-；
601-left front door；602-left back door；603-tailgate；604-right front door；605-is right
Back door；606～610-microphones.
Detailed description of the invention
For making those skilled in the art be more fully understood that technical scheme, knot below
Close drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail.
Before each embodiment is described in detail in detail, for the ease of narration, first to relevant to car load
Direction is defined.Specifically, as shown in Figure 1A to Fig. 1 E, X-axis positive direction be from
Headstock is to the direction (with reference to Fig. 1 C to Fig. 1 E) of the tailstock, and Y-axis positive direction is from driving
Member's seat to the direction (with reference to Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Fig. 1 E) of assistant driver seat, Z axis
Positive direction is the direction (with reference to Figure 1A to Fig. 1 D) from underbody to roof.Hereinafter implement
Example is based on direction defined above and is described.
Embodiment 1:
As in figure 2 it is shown, the present embodiment provides a kind of car load sound transmission loss method of testing, institute
Stating method of testing based on reciprocity, it comprises the steps:
S101. in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency；To divide around car load
For multiple regions, using automobile front chamber as a region, and in regional, distinguish cloth
Put multiple microphone.
Reasonably the position of layout sound source and microphone is the premise of whole test, it is contemplated that
The importance of driver side sound pressure level, using at pilot set as reference position, preferably
Ground, in step S101, as it is shown on figure 3, Bus inner layout low-frequency sound source 103 and in
High-frequency sound source 102 is separately positioned on the both sides of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1, such as,
Described low-frequency sound source 103 is arranged on the left of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1, described in
High-frequency sound source 102 is arranged on the right side of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1；Or, described
Low-frequency sound source 103 is arranged on the right side of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1, described medium-high frequency
Sound source 102 is arranged on the left of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1, thus preferably simulates
The position of the left and right ear of driver, can preferably be assessed and be passed by each paths of car body
It is delivered to the noise impact on driver of interior of body.Here, from " left " to " right "
Direction identical with the Y-axis positive direction in Fig. 1.Further, described medium-high frequency sound source
It is arranged in parallel with low-frequency sound source and be in same level；Described medium-high frequency sound source and low
Frequently sound source is vertically arranged also with backrest place vertical plane (parallel with YZ plane) respectively
With the distance between seat rotating shaft place horizontal plane (parallel with X/Y plane) it is
650～750mm；Distance between described medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source is
360～440mm.It is well known by those skilled in the art that the frequency model that low-frequency sound source covers
Enclosing is 0～500Hz, and the frequency range that medium-high frequency sound source covers is 500～10000Hz, can
Seeing, low-frequency sound source and medium-high frequency sound source covers substantially the audio frequency bigger on human ear impact
Scope.
In order to assess car load sealing the most comprehensively, exactly, it is preferable that described step
In S101, the position of each microphone need to meet following condition:
Most noises that described microphone should be arranged on the car load being in transport condition
Position, source；
The noise source bigger for the volume on the car load being in transport condition (is such as positioned at
Power assembly noise source in automobile front chamber), described microphone should be arranged in outside it and wrap
Near network face, it should be noted that in each embodiment of the present invention, transaudient introducing
The feature that occurred during the distributing position of device " near " refer to: with microphone
The beeline received between the position of sound is 20～50mm；
For the noise source that the radiated noise directivity on the car load being in transport condition is stronger
(such as tire is made an uproar), described microphone should be arranged in its each radiation direction.
Described microphone can use existing mike, and it can directly record its position
The sound pressure level at place.
Car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention is based on reciprocity, say, that
Bus inner layout sound source and around car load and automobile front chamber residing for region arrange microphone with
Receive acoustical signal, be equivalent to around car load and region residing for automobile front chamber is respectively arranged sound
Source also receives acoustical signal in car, thus, on the one hand save the layout quantity of sound source,
Reduce testing cost and difficulty of test, on the other hand preferably simulate what passenger heard
The situation of the various noises of interior of body it is delivered to by car body.
Obtain in car medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source the most respectively in different frequency scope
Time regional in average sound pressure level, and by medium-high frequency sound source in car at different frequency model
The sound pressure level of the noise produced when enclosing is subtracted each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively,
And the sound pressure level of the noise produced when different frequency scope by low-frequency sound source in car is respectively
Subtract each other with the average sound pressure level in regional, draw regional respectively in medium-high frequency and
Oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low frequency, thus show that regional is respectively at middle height
Sound transmission loss amount in the range of the different frequency of frequency and low frequency.
It is to say, first obtain medium-high frequency sound source each district when different frequency scope in car
In average sound pressure level in territory, and acquisition car, low-frequency sound source is each when different frequency scope
Average sound pressure level in individual region, thus each frequency band (this frequency in obtaining 0～10000Hz
The criteria for classifying of band can be by those skilled in the art's sets itself) under flat in regional
All sound pressure levels, for example, it is assumed that be divided into 10 frequency bands by 0～10000Hz, are followed successively by the
One to the tenth frequency band, the sum in described region is 10, is followed successively by the first to the tenth region,
Under the average sound pressure level that obtains the most respectively under the first frequency band in first area, the first frequency band
Average sound pressure in tenth region under average sound pressure level ... in two regions, the first frequency band
Second area under average sound pressure level in first area, the second frequency band under level, the second frequency band
In average sound pressure level ..., the average sound pressure level ... in the tenth region under the second frequency band,
Under tenth frequency band under the average sound pressure level in first area, the tenth frequency band in second area
Average sound pressure level in tenth region under average sound pressure level ..., the tenth frequency band；Then,
The sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when different frequency scope respectively with
Medium-high frequency sound source average sound pressure level phase in regional when different frequency scope in car
Subtract, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when different frequency scope
Respectively with the average sound pressure level in regional when different frequency scope of low-frequency sound source in car
Subtract each other, thus show that regional is respectively in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency
Oise insulation factor, such as, draw first area oise insulation factor under the first frequency band, the firstth district
Oise insulation factor under the tenth frequency band of the territory oise insulation factor ... under the second frequency band, first area,
Second area oise insulation factor under the first frequency band, second area sound insulation under the second frequency band
Amount ..., the second area oise insulation factor ... under the tenth frequency band, the tenth region are first
Oise insulation factor under frequency band, the tenth region oise insulation factor ... under the second frequency band, the tenth district
Territory oise insulation factor under the tenth frequency band, can be by first area respectively in the first to the tenth frequency range
Under oise insulation factor, the second area oise insulation factor ... under the first to the tenth frequency range respectively,
The tenth region oise insulation factor under the first to the tenth frequency range respectively makes any type of chart
(such as bar diagram, broken line graph and scatterplot etc.), 10 charts altogether, if need by
Regional oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and the Bu Tong frequency at low frequency
Oise insulation factor in the range of rate is separately shown, then need 20 charts, and then can be more directly perceived
Ground finds out that the regional of this car is respectively in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency
Sound transmission loss amount, it is thus possible to science, scrupulously assessment car load sealing, then by ginseng
Examine the regional of the competing product car biography respectively in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency
Acoustic loss amount, just which regional seal of energy this car of comprehensive descision is the weakest, and energy
Targetedly to the district that these sealings are more weak during the early development of car load
Territory takes measures, and finds the optimization direction of car load sealing.
In described step S102, obtain in car medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source respectively not
Average sound pressure level in regional during same frequency scope, concrete employing equation below is carried out
Calculate:
Formula (1) in formula (4), sound pressure level on the basis of P0, in atmosphere P0=2 ×
10-5Handkerchief, i.e. 20 micro-handkerchiefs；P1 (i) be in car low-frequency sound source when different frequency scope each
The sound pressure level that in region, each microphone records；P2 (i) be in car medium-high frequency sound source in difference
The sound pressure level that during frequency range, in regional, each microphone records；LP1(i)For low in car
Frequently sound source acoustic pressure of each microphone position in regional when different frequency scope
Level；LP2(i)For each biography in regional when different frequency scope of medium-high frequency sound source in car
The sound pressure level of sound device position；N is the quantity of the interior microphone arranged of regional；LP1
For the average sound pressure level in regional when different frequency scope of low-frequency sound source in car；LP2
For the average sound pressure level in regional when different frequency scope of medium-high frequency sound source in car.
In described step S102, medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when different frequency scope
The sound pressure level of noise subtract each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively, and by car
The sound pressure level of the noise that interior low-frequency sound source produces when different frequency scope respectively with each district
Average sound pressure level in territory subtracts each other, and show that regional is respectively at medium-high frequency and low frequency not
Oise insulation factor in the range of same frequency, concrete employing equation below calculates:
ΔdBLow=LP is low-LP1 (5)
ΔdBMiddle height=LHeight in P-LP2 (6)
In formula (5) and formula (6), LP1For low-frequency sound source in car when different frequency scope
Average sound pressure level in regional；LP2For medium-high frequency sound source in car in different frequency scope
Time regional in average sound pressure level；LP is lowProduce when different frequency scope for low-frequency sound source
The sound pressure level of raw noise, LHeight in PProduce when different frequency scope for medium-high frequency sound source
The sound pressure level of noise, and low-frequency sound source and medium-high frequency sound source are respectively when different frequency scope
The sound pressure level of the noise produced is known to those skilled in the art, repeats no more；ΔdBLowFor
Regional oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low-frequency sound source；ΔdBMiddle heightFor each district
Territory oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of medium-high frequency sound source.
Owing to the spectrum analysis of acoustical signal typically be need not each frequency content is carried out
Concrete analysis, for convenience's sake, can be divided into several frequency band, Mei Gepin by audio range
Band is as a sound interval, and the division of sound interval can use constant bandwidth than method, i.e. keeps frequency
The ratio of the upper and lower limit of band is a constant.It is demonstrated experimentally that when the sound pressure level of sound constant and
When frequency doubles, sound that tone also doubles.If making the upper limit of each frequency band
Frequency ratio lower frequency limit doubles, i.e. upper limiting frequency is 2 with the ratio of lower frequency limit, so draws
Each sound interval divided is referred to as 1 octave, is called for short octave, if an octave
Upper and lower limit frequency between be inserted into two frequencies, and make between these 4 frequencies two-by-two
Ratio identical (the most adjacent upper and lower limit frequency ratio=1.26), thus by an octave
Be further subdivided into three sound intervals, then each sound interval so divided is referred to as third-octave, and
Divide audio range according to third-octave and more meet human ear characteristic.It is therefore preferred that institute
State in step S102, be respectively divided medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source according to third-octave
Frequency range.Specifically, divide the frequency range of medium-high frequency sound source according to third-octave,
The frequency range 500～10000Hz of medium-high frequency sound source can be divided into 13 frequency bands, according to
Third-octave divides the frequency range of low-frequency sound source, can be by the frequency range of low-frequency sound source
0～500Hz is divided into 11 frequency bands.
Preferably, the test environment that described method of testing is used is whole elimination room, the most just
Being to say, the test of car load sound transmission loss needs to launch in whole elimination room；Further, survey
During examination, car load is placed in whole elimination room central authorities, and car load surrounding right with whole elimination room respectively
Answer the distance at interface not less than 2 meters.Whole elimination room refers to, built-in at a closed space
Vertical free found field, six of which interface is all paved with sound-absorbing material so that each interface is only deposited
The areflexia sound at direct sound wave, in this closed space, the sound that sound source radiation goes out is equal
Can be absorbed by the sound-absorbing material at each interface, and not disturbed by environment noise, because of
This measures car load sound transmission loss in the environment of whole elimination room, it is possible to assess car load accurately
The level of sealing, it is ensured that the accuracy of test.Certainly, it is contemplated that the factors such as cost,
The test environment that described method of testing is used can also be for semianechoic room.
Additionally, using each microphone position as a test point, the most described test
Method testing condition need to meet at least one (preferably, the described survey in following condition
The test condition of method for testing need to all meet following condition):
A. on test car load, the difference of noise at each test point and background noise is more than
15dB；
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C；
C. in a process of the test of an automobile, the variations in temperature of test environment
Less than 6 DEG C；
D. test car load can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assemble
Integral level；
E. test car load is Light Condition, i.e. must not be equipped with it in addition to mobile unit
Its load；
F. the adjustable seat of test car load is the most all located
In centre position, backrest is in vertical position.
In prior art, in the case of car load noise level is unsatisfactory for requiring, typically can
By noise measuring equipment, such as sound meter, noise spectrum analyzer, draw noise spectrum,
Thus draw the main contributions frequency band of noise, but, it is impossible to whether learn by car load
Sealing causes, and more cannot learn that the acoustical material at which position being car load is defective
And cause, and apply method of testing described in the present embodiment to be unsatisfactory at car load noise level
Both may determine that what whether it was caused by car load sealing during requirement, it is also possible to specifically draw
The acoustical material at which position of car load is defective, then can use optimization acoustical material or
Person optimizes the modes such as hole sealing to improve the oise insulation factor at defective position, to reach mesh
The requirement of scale value such that it is able to effectively provide foundation and guidance for car load acoustics bag adjustment,
And can accomplish with a definite target in view, use relatively low cost just can obtain car load noise and greatly drop
Low, cost performance is higher.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment mainly describes the cloth set of each microphone in region residing for automobile front chamber
Put.Automobile front chamber is at power assembly noise source, and power assembly noise source mainly wraps
Include electromotor and the noise of adnexa generation thereof, and the noise that change speed gear box and adnexa thereof produce,
For other region of car load, region residing for automobile front chamber is the high spot reviews of noise
Region, the microphone being positioned at region residing for automobile front chamber is mainly used to assess automobile front chamber
The sealing of this bang path at pilot set in car.
In the present embodiment, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described automobile front chamber divide
It is not positioned near the envelope face of electromotor and change speed gear box, i.e. the outside bag of electromotor
Network in the face of should a part of microphone in multiple microphones, the envelope face of change speed gear box
Another part microphone in corresponding the plurality of microphone.Wherein, except electromotor and
Outside the binding face of change speed gear box, the envelope face of electromotor and the envelope of change speed gear box
Face has five respectively, and the envelope face of these five electromotors is respectively bag before electromotor
Enveloping surface after network face, electromotor, engine right enveloping surface, electromotor coenvelope face and send out
Motivation lower envelope face；These five change speed gear box enveloping surfaces are respectively enveloping surface, change before change speed gear box
Wrap under enveloping surface, the left enveloping surface of change speed gear box, change speed gear box coenvelope face and change speed gear box after speed case
Network face, here, from " left " to the direction of " right " and the Y-axis positive direction phase Fig. 1
With, from D score to " " direction identical with the Z axis positive direction in Fig. 1, from " front "
Direction to " afterwards " is identical with the X-axis positive direction in Fig. 1.Further, described vapour
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for Herba Plantaginis cabin lay respectively at electromotor and change speed gear box
The near center location in envelope face.Further, in region residing for automobile front chamber
The quantity of the microphone arranged is at least ten, and five envelope faces of electromotor are extremely
Few corresponding five microphones, the most corresponding five biographies in five envelope faces of change speed gear box
Sound device, in order to the sealed horizontal of automobile front chamber can be reflected more truely and completely；Each biography
The most corresponding electromotor of sound device, change speed gear box the center in envelope face vertical
Arrange；Each microphone receive the position electromotor away from its correspondence of sound, change speed gear box
Envelope face center between beeline be 20mm.
Quantity below in conjunction with the Fig. 4 microphone to arrange in region residing for automobile front chamber is
The cloth set in region residing for automobile front chamber of each microphone is described in detail as a example by 10
Put.
As shown in Figure 4,10 biographies it are disposed with altogether in region 2 residing for described automobile front chamber
Sound device, these 10 microphones are arranged in five envelope faces and the speed change of electromotor
The near center location in five envelope faces of case, and each microphone all correspondences start
One envelope face of machine or an envelope face of change speed gear box, each microphone is equal
Corresponding electromotor, the center in the envelope face of change speed gear box are vertically arranged,
Each microphone receive the position electromotor away from its correspondence of sound, the outside of change speed gear box
Beeline between the center of enveloping surface is 20mm.Specifically, these 10 biographies
Sound device is respectively: with the vertically disposed microphone of front enveloping surface 203 of electromotor 201 and
The vertically disposed microphone of rear enveloping surface 204 of electromotor 201 and the right side of electromotor 201
The vertically disposed microphone of enveloping surface 205 is vertically arranged with the coenvelope face of electromotor 201
Microphone 206 and the vertically disposed microphone in lower envelope face 207 of electromotor 201,
The vertically disposed microphone of front enveloping surface 208 and change speed gear box 202 with change speed gear box 202
The vertically disposed microphone of rear enveloping surface 209 vertical with the left enveloping surface of change speed gear box 202
The microphone 210 arranged and the vertically disposed microphone in coenvelope face of change speed gear box 202
211 and the vertically disposed microphone in lower envelope face 212 with change speed gear box 202.
Fig. 5 is the frequency range (0～500Hz) the front deck institute with two kinds of automobiles of low-frequency sound source
The corresponding relation schematic diagram of place's region oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low frequency, as
Shown in Fig. 5, solid line represents Ben Che, and dotted line represents competing product car, it is seen then that the front deck of this car
Residing region oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low frequency is substantially better than competing product car
The oise insulation factor in the range of the different frequency of low frequency of the region residing for front deck, before illustrating this car
The sealing more competing product car in region residing for cabin is good.
Experiment proves that, in region residing for automobile front chamber, arrange 10 biographies as shown in Figure 4
Sound device be enough to reflect the sealing level of automobile front chamber such that it is able to according to automobile front chamber
Sealing level optimization fire wall panel beating via (include the air-conditioner pipe being positioned at automotive front end
Pass by hole, wire harness passing-hole and steering tube and pass by hole etc.) sealing and firewall zone
Acoustical material.Certainly, in order to improve measuring accuracy further, region residing for automobile front chamber
The quantity of the microphone of interior layout also more than 10, but can consider the length of test period
With the demand degree on engineering development, cost performance is the highest.
Other structures and effect in the present embodiment are the most same as in Example 1, the most no longer
Repeat.
Embodiment 3:
In the present embodiment mainly describes the multiple regions divided around car load, each is transaudient
The position of device.
In the present embodiment, the multiple regions being divided into are respectively as follows: each take turns around car load
Region residing for region, body bottom residing for region, rear bumper residing for tire and each car door
Residing region.
Below, the regional being respectively directed to divide around car load is described.
(1). region residing for each tire
Each tire is at tire noise source, tire make an uproar be vehicle when running at high speed, tire
Produced by pavement friction, it is positioned at the microphone in region residing for each tire and is mainly used to
Assess each tire to the sealing of this bang path at pilot set in car.
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for each tire described lay respectively at each and take turns
The near top of tire and before and after each tire near both sides, i.e. arranging in travel direction
Make an uproar in all directions radiated at tire.Further, be positioned near tire summit is transaudient
Device is positioned in same level, all parallel with Y-axis and spaced set, along travel direction
On to be positioned at before and after tire the microphone near both sides at 45 ° with the centrage of tire respectively
Angle and the relatively close tire in position of reception sound, afterbody is relatively distant from tire, described
The centrage of tire is parallel with the travel direction of automobile, also parallel with X-axis.Further
, the quantity of the microphone arranged in region residing for each tire is at least five, and wheel
The microphone that the near top of tire is arranged is at least three, in travel direction before tire
The microphone that the microphone that side is disposed about at least, rear side are disposed about is the most at least
It it is one；The position receiving sound of each microphone beeline away from surface of tyre is
45mm.Here, it is contemplated that the importance of the Z axis positive direction radiated noise of each tire,
Thus it is disposed about greater number of microphone at tire summit.
Quantity below in conjunction with the Fig. 6 microphone to arrange in region residing for automobile the near front wheel
Each microphone position in region residing for the near front wheel is described in detail as a example by being 5.
As shown in Figure 6,5 it are disposed with altogether in region 3 residing for described automobile the near front wheel
Microphone, wherein 3 microphones are arranged in the near top of the near front wheel 301, along X-axis
Positive direction is followed successively by microphone 302, microphone 303 and microphone 304, and these 3 transaudient
Device is positioned in same level, all parallel with Y-axis and spaced set, adjacent two biographies
Spacing between sound device is 20mm, these 3 microphones receive sound position towards
All contrary with Y-axis positive direction, wherein, it is positioned at microphone 302 and the microphone 304 of both sides
Receive the position of sound and be respectively positioned on the centerline of tire, and respectively with surface of tyre
Short distance is 45mm；It is positioned at the microphone 303 of centre to receive the position of sound and be positioned at tire
Tire wide 3/4 at, refer at the tire wide 3/4 of described tire with tire inside at a distance of 3/4
The position that individual tire is wide, here, from " outside " of the near front wheel and left rear wheel to " inner side "
Direction identical with the Y-axis positive direction in Fig. 1, from off-front wheel and " outside " of off hind wheel
Contrary with the Y-axis positive direction in Fig. 1 to the direction of " inner side "；Other 2 microphones
It is arranged in travel direction before and after the near front wheel 301 near both sides, these 2 biographies
Sound device be positioned in same level and and tire bottom between place horizontal plane (i.e. ground)
Distance be 45mm, each microphone receive the shortest of the position of sound and surface of tyre
Distance is 45mm, be positioned in travel direction on front side of tire near for microphone 305,
Its centrage angle at 45 ° with tire, the position phase receiving sound of microphone 305
To near tire and towards outside tire, afterbody is relatively distant from tire, in travel direction
Near being positioned on rear side of tire for microphone 306, its with microphone 305 about Y-axis pair
Claim to arrange.
5 microphones in region residing for each tire as shown in Figure 6 are respectively arranged
Make an uproar in all directions radiated at tire, it is sufficient to making an uproar of reflection tire front, rear and top
Voice and sentiment condition, experiment proves that, these 5 microphones be enough to assess each tire and drive in car
The sealing of this bang path at the person's of sailing seat such that it is able to optimize wheel house, the wing
The sealing of panel beating hole on the acoustical material at the positions such as daughter board and bang path.Certainly,
In order to improve measuring accuracy further, the microphone arranged in region residing for each tire
Quantity also can be more than 5, but in view of the need in the length of test period and engineering development
Degree of asking, cost performance is the highest.
(2). region residing for rear bumper
Rear bumper is at air vent noise source, is positioned at the biography in region residing for rear bumper
Sound device is mainly used to assess air vent to this bang path close at pilot set in car
Feng Xing.
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described rear bumper insure after laying respectively at
The back lower place of thick stick, the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, parallel to each other and etc. between
Away from setting.Further, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described rear bumper
It is in same level with exhaustor and all parallel with exhaustor；The plurality of microphone
Receive the position of sound away from rear bumper afterbody place vertical plane (parallel with YZ plane)
Beeline is 100mm.Further, cloth in region residing for described rear bumper
The quantity of the microphone put is at least five.As for arrange in region residing for rear bumper
The spacing of microphone, can be by those skilled in the art according to the rear bumper of actual vehicle
Length sets itself, in Y-axis positive direction be positioned at head and the tail both sides microphone respectively with
The head and the tail two ends of rear bumper are closer to be advisable.
Quantity below in conjunction with the Fig. 7 microphone to arrange in region residing for rear bumper is
5 and car load describe each microphone in detail at rear bumper as a example by using unilateral exhaustor
Position in residing region.
As it is shown in fig. 7, be disposed with altogether 5 biographies in region 4 residing for described rear bumper
Sound device, along Y-axis positive direction be followed successively by microphone 403, microphone 404, microphone 405,
Microphone 406 and microphone 407, these 5 microphones be positioned at rear bumper 401 rear under
Side and unilateral exhaustor 402 be positioned in same level, all parallel with exhaustor 402
Arrange, and near the microphone 406 of exhaustor 402 and microphone 407 and exhaustor 402
Spaced set, receive the position of sound all towards X-axis negative direction, adjacent two transaudient
Spacing between device is about 300mm, and the position receiving sound of each microphone is away from rear
The beeline at bumper 401 afterbody place vertical plane (parallel with YZ plane) is
100mm.Spacing, position between different automobile types microphone have fine setting, as long as ensureing
It is uniformly distributed.
5 microphone rows of being arranged in region residing for rear bumper as shown in Figure 7
On the direction of trachea noise source radiation, experiment proves that, these 5 microphones be enough to assess
The sealing of this bang path at pilot set in air vent to car such that it is able to
The sealing and the vehicle body back side that optimize associated via on bang path enclose acoustical material.Certainly,
In order to improve measuring accuracy further, the microphone arranged in region residing for rear bumper
Quantity also can be more than 5, but in view of the need in the length of test period and engineering development
Degree of asking, cost performance is the highest.
(3) region residing for body bottom
Body bottom is at the noise source of road, road make an uproar be vehicle when running at high speed, drive
On chassis vibrations, road, Stone Shock chassis and wind incision are produced, are positioned at car
Bottom body, the microphone in residing region is mainly used to assess body bottom diverse location in car
The sealing of this bang path at pilot set.
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described body bottom lay respectively at the bottom of vehicle body
Near portion, the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom.
Further, under car load no-load condition, arrange in region residing for described body bottom
Bottom multiple microphones and each tire, the distance between place horizontal plane (i.e. ground) is equal
For 100mm.Further, the microphone arranged in region residing for described body bottom
Quantity be at least 5.
Quantity below in conjunction with the Fig. 8 microphone to arrange in region residing for body bottom is
Each microphone position in region residing for body bottom is described in detail as a example by 5.
It should be noted that Fig. 8 is upward view.
As shown in Figure 8,5 biographies it are disposed with altogether in region 5 residing for described body bottom
Sound device, it is in same level and is evenly distributed between body bottom and ground
Distance be 100mm, the sound that all be arranged in parallel with X-axis, receives position all towards
X-axis negative direction, these 5 microphones respectively: receive the position of sound and automobile left side
Distance between place vertical plane (parallel with XZ plane) is 445mm and and the near front wheel
Distance between the wheel shaft of 301 is the microphone 504 of 700mm, receives the position of sound
It is 445mm with the distance between car right side place vertical plane (parallel with XZ plane)
And and the wheel shaft of off-front wheel 501 between the microphone that distance is 700mm 505, receive
Distance between the position of sound with automobile left side place vertical plane (parallel with XZ plane)
For 445mm and and the wheel shaft of left rear wheel 503 between the microphone that distance is 900mm
506, receive position and car right side place vertical plane (parallel with XZ plane) of sound
Between distance be 445mm and and the wheel shaft of off hind wheel 502 between distance be 900mm
Microphone 507, and receive sound position and automobile tail place vertical plane (with
YZ plane is parallel) between distance be 740mm and be positioned at the parallel with X-axis of automobile
Microphone 508 on axis.
Experiment proves that, in region residing for body bottom, arrange 5 biographies as shown in Figure 8
Sound device be enough to reflect the sealing level of the four-wheel automobile body bottom of general model, from
And can be according to the acoustical material of the sealing level optimization floor in a vehicle of body bottom and car
The sealing of panel beating hole bottom body.Certainly, along with vehicle is different, residing for body bottom
Microphone quantity and the position arranged in region also can adjust, such as accordingly, for two
Compact car, can suitably reduce the layout quantity of microphone in region residing for body bottom；
For Large off-road car or the automobile of more wheels, can suitably increase district residing for body bottom
The layout quantity of microphone in territory, but need to ensure that microphone is uniformly distributed at body bottom,
As for the further feature of microphone in region residing for the body bottom of different automobile types, all with front
State identical, repeat no more.In order to improve measuring accuracy further, for four-wheel automobile,
Can be in three regions of automobile front floor, rear floor and baggage compartment floor near-bottom
It is evenly arranged 6 microphones respectively.
(4). region residing for each car door
Each car door is in road and makes an uproar, at wind noise source, is positioned at region residing for each car door
Microphone is mainly used to assess each car door to this bang path at pilot set in car
Sealing.
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for each car door described lay respectively at each car
Outer side of door.For the four-wheel automobile of general model, the plurality of microphone can lay respectively at a left side
Outside Qianmen, left back door, right front door, right-rear-door and tailgate.Further, described respectively
In region residing for individual car door arrange multiple microphones be all horizontally disposed with, respectively with corresponding car
Distance between outer side of door be 100mm, respectively with each tire bottom place horizontal plane (i.e.
Ground) between distance be 670mm；Arrange many in region residing for each car door described
The position receiving sound of individual microphone is all towards corresponding car door.Further, often
Individual door outside all arranges at least one microphone.
All arrange by each door outside below in conjunction with Fig. 9 and retouch in detail as a example by a microphone
State each microphone position respectively in region residing for each car door.
As it is shown in figure 9, be disposed with altogether 5 biographies in region 6 residing for each car door described
Sound device, lays respectively at left front door 601, left back door 602, right front door 604, right-rear-door 605
Outside tailgate 603, these 5 microphones respectively: be positioned at outside left front door 601
Microphone 606, it is positioned at the microphone 607 outside left back door 602, is positioned at outside tailgate 603
The microphone 608 of side, it is positioned at the microphone 609 outside right front door 604 and is positioned at right-rear-door
Microphone 610 outside 605, microphone 606～microphone 610 are all horizontally disposed with, respectively
Be 100mm with the distance between corresponding door outside, distance respectively and between ground be
670mm, each microphone receives the position of sound all towards corresponding car door.
Experiment proves that, all arrange a microphone at each door outside as shown in Figure 9
Be enough to reflect the sealing level of each car door such that it is able to close according to each car door
The acoustical material of envelope property each car door of level optimization and the sheet metal process via of each car door
Sealing.In order to improve measuring accuracy further, also can be according to actual vehicle at each car
Outer side of door arranges multiple microphones, needs guarantee to be uniformly distributed.
Other structures and effect in the present embodiment are the most same as in Example 1, the most no longer
Repeat.
In above-described embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, in region residing for automobile front chamber, each takes turns
Region residing for region, body bottom residing for region, rear bumper residing for tire and each car door
Being respectively arranged multiple microphone in residing region, these regions covers substantially car load
The position of noise source, thus can preferably assess the sealing level of car load, it is thus possible to
Enough effectively for car load acoustics bag adjustment offer foundation and guidance.
It is understood that the principle that embodiment of above is intended to be merely illustrative of the present
And the illustrative embodiments used, but the invention is not limited in this.For ability
For those of ordinary skill in territory, in the situation without departing from spirit and substance of the present invention
Under, various modification and improvement can be made, these modification and improvement are also considered as the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a car load sound transmission loss method of testing, it is characterised in that described method of testing
Based on reciprocity, it comprises the steps:
1) in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency, described low-frequency sound source covers
Frequency range is 0～500Hz, and the frequency range that described medium-high frequency sound source covers is
500～10000Hz；Multiple region will be divided into, using automobile front chamber as one around car load
Region, and in regional, it is respectively arranged multiple microphone；
2) medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source in car are obtained respectively each when different frequency scope
Average sound pressure level in individual region, and by medium-high frequency sound source in car when different frequency scope
The sound pressure level of the noise produced is subtracted each other with the average sound pressure level in regional respectively, and
The sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when different frequency scope respectively with respectively
Average sound pressure level in individual region subtracts each other, and show that regional is respectively at medium-high frequency and low frequency
Different frequency in the range of oise insulation factor, thus draw regional respectively in medium-high frequency and
Sound transmission loss amount in the range of the different frequency of low frequency.
Method of testing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1)
In, the position of described microphone need to meet following condition:
Most noise sources that described microphone is arranged on the car load being in transport condition
Position；
For the noise source that the volume on the car load being in transport condition is bigger, described transaudient
Device is arranged near its envelope face；
For the noise that the radiated noise directivity on the car load being in transport condition is stronger
Source, described microphone is arranged in its each radiation direction.
Method of testing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by each biography
Sound device position need to meet as a test point, the test condition of described method of testing
At least one in following condition:
A. on test car load, the difference of noise at each test point and background noise is more than
15dB；
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C；
C. the variations in temperature of test environment is less than 6 DEG C；
D. test car load can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assemble
Integral level；
E. test car load is Light Condition；
F. the adjustable seat of test car load is the most all located
In centre position, backrest is in vertical position.
4. according to the method for testing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that
In step 1) in, the multiple microphones arranged in region residing for described automobile front chamber position respectively
Near the envelope face of electromotor and change speed gear box.
5. according to the method for testing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that
In step 1) in, the multiple regions being divided into around car load are respectively as follows: each tire institute
Residing for region residing for region, body bottom residing for place region, rear bumper and each car door
Region.
Method of testing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described each
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for tire lay respectively at the near top of each tire
And in travel direction before and after each tire near both sides.
Method of testing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that protect after described
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for the thick stick of danger lay respectively at the back lower place of rear bumper,
The plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, parallel to each other and spaced set.
Method of testing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described vehicle body
The multiple microphones arranged in residing region, bottom lay respectively near body bottom, and these are many
Individual microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom.
Method of testing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described each
The multiple microphones arranged in region residing for car door lay respectively at each door outside.
10., according to the method for testing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, its feature exists
In, in step 2) in, it is respectively divided medium-high frequency sound source and all-bottom sound according to third-octave
The frequency range in source.
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| 直线段汽车密封条静态隔声测试方法;李奇 等;《声学技术》;20070831;第26卷(第4期);第678-682页 * |
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| CN104062075A (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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