CN104051037A - Terrace embedded type underground nuclear power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a terraced buried underground nuclear power plant, which includes a nuclear island and a conventional island. The nuclear island nuclear-related buildings are placed in the cavern group of the nuclear island of the mountain, the conventional island is placed on the terrace platform on the upper part of the mountain slope, and the nuclear island The cavern group is buried in the mountain body under the conventional island. The present invention is suitable for terrain environments where there is no suitable platform on the outside of the mountain side slope, there is a large terrace platform on the upper part of the slope, or a large platform is easily formed by manual excavation on the upper part of the slope, and it provides a feasible overall layout for the construction of an underground nuclear power plant; mainly Compared with ground nuclear power plants, the process system does not require major adjustments, which reduces the difficulty of technical research and development of underground nuclear power plants; by arranging nuclear island plants in different underground caverns, it can ensure that the existing underground engineering technology meets the requirements of nuclear power plants for nuclear-related buildings to be placed underground.

Description

Terrace buried underground nuclear power plant

technical field

The invention relates to nuclear power technology, in particular to a stepped underground nuclear power plant.

Background technique

At present, large-scale commercial nuclear power plants are arranged on the ground, and the power of a single reactor is generally above 600MW. The building mainly includes two parts: the nuclear island (including the reactor device and the primary circuit system) and the conventional island (including the turbogenerator system, cooling tower, etc. auxiliary equipment, etc.). The Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States, and the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan have shown that the existing ground nuclear power plants are not enough to effectively prevent and control nuclear leakage and ensure nuclear safety under extreme accident conditions. For this reason, some scholars at home and abroad have proposed to build nuclear-related buildings in large nuclear power plants in underground rock caverns, and use the natural shielding effect of rock mass to prevent the large-scale spread of nuclear pollution in extreme accidents and improve the security of nuclear power plants grade. However, the excavation of underground caverns is generally selected in mountainous or hilly terrain environments, and the construction environment is quite different from that of ground nuclear power plants; and the nuclear islands of ground nuclear power plants and conventional islands are arranged close to each other, with many buildings and large sizes. Space technology is difficult to accommodate all the buildings of the nuclear island in a single artificial underground cavern, and the overall layout of the ground nuclear power plant cannot meet the needs of the construction of an underground nuclear power plant. Therefore, it is necessary to study the overall layout of underground nuclear power plants according to the changes in the external construction environment.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing background technology, and provide a kind of terrace buried type suitable for the terrain environment where there is a large terrace platform in the upper part of the mountain slope or the artificial excavation in the upper part of the slope is easy to form a larger platform. Underground nuclear power plant.

In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, a terraced buried underground nuclear power plant designed by the present invention includes a nuclear island and a conventional island. In the group, the conventional island is placed on the terraced platform at the upper part of the mountain slope, and the nuclear island cavern group is buried in the mountain body under the conventional island.

In the above technical scheme, the nuclear island cavern group includes a reactor building cavern for placing a reactor building, an electrical power building cavern for placing a nuclear island electrical control building, and a nuclear auxiliary building, a nuclear fuel building and a safety building. The composite powerhouse cavern of the powerhouse, the composite powerhouse cavern is arranged above the reactor powerhouse cavern, and the electrical powerhouse cavern is arranged on the right side of the reactor powerhouse cavern. The nuclear island reactor building and the radioactive auxiliary building are placed in the underground cavern group, and the natural shielding effect of the rock mass is used to prevent the large-scale spread of nuclear pollution in extreme accidents and improve the security level of the nuclear power plant.

In the above technical solution, the nuclear island cavern group also includes a pressure relief cavern for pressure relief of the reactor building, which can improve the safety of the reactor building.

In the above technical solution, the reactor building caverns are cylindrical caverns, and the electrical power plant caverns and combined powerhouse caverns are gate-shaped caverns, which are convenient for the layout of the powerhouses in the caverns, and at the same time ensure the stability and safety of the caverns .

In the above technical scheme, a nuclide migration protection system is provided in the rock mass around the cavern of the reactor building, and the nuclide migration protection system includes a lining structure layer in the cavern of the reactor building, and a rock mass that has been consolidated and grouted around the cavern. Layer, anti-seepage curtain layer and inner drainage hole curtain layer, the inner lining structure layer, rock mass layer consolidated and grouted around the cave, anti-seepage curtain layer and inner drainage hole curtain layer are arranged in sequence from inside to outside; A curtain layer of drainage holes is set in the surrounding rock mass of nuclear island cavern group. The nuclide migration protection system can effectively prevent the cooling water containing radionuclides from migrating to the outside biosphere through the groundwater of the rock mass.

In the above technical solution, the reactor building is communicated with the steam turbine building through a steam pipeline, and the steam pipeline is located in a vertical steam pipeline tunnel. The steam pipeline is connected from the reactor building to the ground steam turbine building through the steam pipeline tunnel. The steam pipeline tunnel is a vertical tunnel, and the energy consumption of steam transportation is small.

In the above technical solution, the passive pool is arranged on the terraced platform at the upper part of the slope, and the passive pool communicates with the reactor building in the cavern of the reactor building through a vertical pipe. The passive water pool is set on the terrace platform at the upper part of the slope, and the space elevation difference is used to realize the passive water supply, so that the cooling water can flow into the reactor building under the condition of nuclear accident.

In the above technical solution, the electric power plant cavern includes the nuclear island electrical control plant and the main steam valve room, which are arranged on the outer side of the mountain body, and can better control and manage the system equipment and the main steam pipeline in the reactor plant.

In the above technical solution, the caverns of the reactor building, the combined building and the electrical building are connected through a transportation tunnel. The transportation tunnel realizes the traffic, transportation and fire protection among the caverns.

In the above technical solution, the nuclear fuel building in the combined power building cavern corresponds to the fuel delivery port of the reactor building cavern, and there are two safety power buildings located on both sides of the nuclear fuel power building respectively. A safety building is set up on both sides of the nuclear fuel building, which is more secure. The position of the fuel delivery port between the nuclear fuel building and the reactor building cavern corresponds to facilitate the transportation of nuclear fuel.

The essence of the present invention is to arrange the nuclear-related buildings in the nuclear power plant in different underground caverns, arrange the conventional island powerhouse and the passive cooling water pool of the nuclear island on the terrace platform on the upper part of the slope, and vertically connect the steam pipeline from the reactor powerhouse to the The steam turbine plant on the ground forms a stepped underground nuclear power plant. Its beneficial effects are mainly reflected in:

(1) It provides a feasible solution for the construction of large-scale underground nuclear power plants under the conditions of hills or mountains where there is no platform on the outside of the mountain slope and a suitable platform on the upper part, and the project economy is better;

(2) The main process system does not require major adjustments compared with ground nuclear power plants, which reduces the difficulty of technical research and development of underground nuclear power plants;

(3) By arranging the nuclear island powerhouses in different underground caverns, it can ensure that the existing underground engineering technology can meet the requirements for the nuclear-related buildings of underground nuclear power plants to be arranged underground;

(4) The natural shielding effect of underground cavern rock mass improves the ability of nuclear power plants to deal with disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and missile strikes, and can prevent large-scale spread of nuclear pollution under extreme accidents;

(5) The nuclide migration protection system in the rock body of the underground cavern group can effectively prevent the cooling water containing radionuclides from migrating to the outside biosphere through the groundwater of the rock mass;

(6) The passive water pool is arranged on the terrace platform on the upper part of the slope, which can use the potential energy to supply water to the reactor building by gravity in the event of a nuclear accident. Avoid failure of water supply caused by interruption of power system supply in case of accident.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a stepped underground nuclear power plant;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the nuclide migration protection system in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Reactor powerhouse cavern, 2. Nuclear auxiliary powerhouse, 3. Nuclear fuel powerhouse, 4. Safety powerhouse, 5. Electrical powerhouse cavern, 6. Composite powerhouse cavern, 7. Pressure relief cavern, 8. Transportation Traffic Tunnel, 9. Nuclide Migration Protection System, 9-1. Inner Lining Structure Layer, 9-2. Consolidated Grouting Rock Mass Layer, 9-3. Seepage-proof Curtain Layer, 9-4. Inner Layer Drainage Hole Curtain Floor, 9-5. Peripheral drainage hole curtain layer, 10. Steam pipeline tunnel, 11. Steam turbine plant, 12. Other plant buildings on conventional island, 13. Cooling tower, 14. Passive pool, A. Mountain body, B. Terraced platform.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a stepped underground nuclear power plant of the present invention includes a nuclear island and a conventional island. The nuclear-related buildings on the nuclear island are placed in the nuclear island cavern group of the mountain A, and the conventional island is placed in the mountain A. On the terrace platform B on the upper part of the slope, the nuclear island cavern group is buried in the mountain body A relative to the conventional island, as shown in Figure 1.

The nuclear island cavern group includes reactor powerhouse cavern 1, electrical powerhouse cavern 5, combined powerhouse cavern 6 and pressure relief cavern 7. From a top view (as shown in FIG. 2 ), the combined powerhouse cavern 6 is arranged above the reactor powerhouse cavern 1 , and the electrical powerhouse cavern 5 is arranged on the right side of the reactor powerhouse cavern 1 . The reactor building in the reactor building cavern 1 mainly includes reactors, steam generators, coolant pumps, containment vessels and other equipment. The overall reactor building is arranged in an independent underground cavern. The reactor, steam generator, and coolant pump are connected in series through pipelines to form a loop as a steam supply system. The containment shell wraps the reactor, steam generator, coolant pump and other equipment, and serves as the third safety barrier of the nuclear power plant. The reactor building cavern 1 communicates with the steam turbine building 11 through a horizontal steam pipe tunnel 10 . The pressure relief chamber 7 is used for pressure relief of the reactor building.

The nuclear auxiliary building 2, the nuclear fuel building 3 and the safety building 4 are all placed in the same underground cavern of the combined power building cavern 6; Nuclear fuel building 3 both sides. The electrical control plant of the nuclear island is independently arranged in the cavern 5 of the electrical plant, and the main steam valve room is also arranged in it. All the underground caverns are connected through the transport traffic tunnel 8, which is used for the fuel transportation between the nuclear fuel plant 3 and the reactor plant cavern 1, as well as the traffic, fire protection and transportation between the caverns. Under the condition of meeting the stability requirements of the nuclear process system and surrounding rock, the caverns except the reactor building cavern 1 can be flexibly arranged according to the actual geological conditions.

The conventional island powerhouse group includes steam turbine powerhouse 11, other powerhouses 12 of the conventional island and cooling tower 13. The steam turbine powerhouse 11, other powerhouses 12 of the conventional island and cooling tower 13 are all set on the terraced platform B at the upper part of the slope, meeting the requirements of the nuclear process system Under certain conditions, it can be flexibly arranged on terrace platform B according to actual conditions. The steam turbine and the steam generator in the steam turbine workshop 11 are connected in series through steam pipes to form a secondary circuit, and the high-pressure steam drives the steam turbine to rotate and drives the generator to generate electricity. The condenser and the cooling tower 13 are connected in series through pipelines to form a three-circuit circuit, which cools the steam in the secondary circuit after doing work.

The passive pool 14 is arranged on the terrace platform B at the upper part of the slope, and the passive pool 14 communicates with the reactor building in the reactor building cavern 1 through a vertical pipe. The passive water pool 14 is connected with the passive water pool and the chamber 1 of the reactor building through pipes, so that the cooling water flows into the reactor building by itself under the condition of a nuclear accident.

The reactor powerhouse cavern 1 is a cylindrical cavern, and the electrical powerhouse cavern 5 and the combined powerhouse cavern 6 are gate-shaped caverns. The dimensions of each cavern shall meet the stability requirements of the accommodation equipment and the surrounding rock of the cavern. The spacing between the caverns and the thickness of the rock mass at the top of the cavern shall meet the stability requirements of the rock mass. As shown in Figure 1, a nuclide migration protection system 9 is provided in the rock body around the reactor building cavern 1, and the nuclide migration protection system 9 includes a lining structure layer 9-1 in the reactor building cavern 1, and a consolidation layer around the cavern. Grouting rock mass layer 9-2, anti-seepage curtain layer 9-3 and inner drainage hole curtain layer 9-4, inner lining structure layer 9-1, rock mass layer 9-2 of consolidation grouting around the hole, anti-seepage The seepage curtain layer 9-3 and the inner drainage hole curtain layer 9-4 are arranged sequentially from inside to outside. As shown in Fig. 3, the surrounding rock body of the nuclear island cavern group is provided with a curtain layer 9-5 of peripheral drainage holes. The nuclide migration protection system 9 prevents the groundwater in the rock mass from infiltrating into the cavern group and prevents the cooling water containing radionuclides in the cavern from penetrating into the rock mass groundwater from entering the external biosphere. Lining thickness, consolidation grouting range, layout form and parameters of anti-seepage curtain and drainage hole curtain shall be determined through calculation and analysis according to actual geological conditions. The nuclear island cavern group also includes a series of artificial reinforcement measures adopted to ensure the stability of the cavern excavation, such as system anchor rods, system anchor cables, concrete sprayed layers, etc.

Other parts not specified in detail are prior art.

Claims (10)

1. A terraced underground nuclear power plant, comprising a nuclear island and a conventional island, characterized in that: the nuclear island nuclear building is placed in the cavern group of the nuclear island of the mountain (A), and the conventional island is placed in the mountain (A) A) On the terrace platform at the upper part of the slope (B), the nuclear island cavern group is buried in the mountain (A) relative to the conventional island. 2. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: said nuclear island cavern group includes a reactor building cavern (1) for placing a reactor building, an electrical control building for placing a nuclear island Electrical plant cavern (5) and combined plant cavern (6) for placing nuclear auxiliary plant (2), nuclear fuel plant (3) and safety plant (4), said combined plant cavern (6) is arranged in Above the reactor powerhouse cavern (1), the electrical powerhouse cavern (5) is arranged on the right side of the reactor powerhouse cavern (1). 3. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: said nuclear island cavern group also includes a pressure relief cavern (7) for pressure relief of the reactor building. 4. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reactor building cavern (1) is a cylindrical cavern, and the electrical powerhouse cavern (5) and combined powerhouse cavern (6) It is a cave-shaped cave in the city gate. 5. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: a nuclide migration protection system (9) is provided in the rock body around the reactor building cavern (1), and the nuclide migration The protection system (9) includes the inner lining structure layer (9-1) of the reactor building cavern (1), the rock mass layer (9-2) consolidated and grouted around the cavern, the anti-seepage curtain layer (9-3) and the inner lining structure layer (9-1). drainage hole curtain layer (9-4), the inner lining structure layer (9-1), the rock mass layer (9-2) consolidated and grouted around the hole, the anti-seepage curtain layer (9-3) and the inner lining structure layer (9-1). Layers of drainage hole curtain layers (9-4) are arranged sequentially from inside to outside; peripheral drainage hole curtain layers (9-5) are arranged in the surrounding rock body of the nuclear island cavern group. 6. The terraced underground nuclear power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reactor building and the steam turbine building (11) are connected through a steam pipeline, and the steam pipeline is located in the steam pipeline tunnel (10). 7. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that: the passive pool (14) is arranged on the terraced platform (B) at the upper part of the slope, and the passive pool (14) passes through a vertical pipeline It is communicated with the reactor building in the reactor building cavern (1). 8. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: the electric power plant cavern (5) includes a nuclear island electrical control plant and a main steam valve room. 9. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that: the reactor building cavern (1), the combined powerhouse cavern (6), and the electric powerhouse cavern (5) are transported The tunnel (8) is connected. 10. The terraced buried underground nuclear power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that: the nuclear fuel plant (3) in the combined plant cavern (6) corresponds to the position of the fuel delivery port of the reactor plant cavern (1), Two safety workshops (4) are respectively located on both sides of the nuclear fuel workshop (3).