CN104034505A - Test system and test method for underwater explosion impact equivalent loading experiment - Google Patents
Test system and test method for underwater explosion impact equivalent loading experiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and a test method for an underwater explosion impact equivalent loading experiment. The test system comprises a bullet emission system, a bullet speed measurement system, a water target cabin system and a pressure measurement system, wherein the dynamic energy of a bullet is converted to an impact load in a water target cabin by colliding the bullet with the water target cabin system, finally the impact load is loaded on a test piece to be tested, and a pressure time interval is measured by the pressure measurement system. The test system and the test method disclosed by the invention are capable of greatly realizing equivalent underwater explosion equivalent loading in laboratory conditions, and has the advantages of being high in controllability, simple to operate, low in experiment danger, high in repeatability, low in experiment cost, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shock dynamics field, be specifically related to a kind of underwater blast and impact equivalent loading experiment test macro and method of testing thereof, for underwater shock dynamics and Experimental Mechanics test experiments.
Background technology
For improving the viability of equipping in water, its safeguard structure is the emphasis of research always.A series of new compound substance and Sandwich Plates have been proposed in recent years, based on Hopkinson bar experimental technique, to the research of new structure and material, there is a large amount of documents can reference, but to it, the research under Blast Shock is less under water, and laboratory facilities are more limited.Because structure and material are to the suitable difficulty of underwater blast shock response theoretical research, therefore can only be by means of experiment and method of numerical simulation.Scarcity due to domestic finite element business software, can only be by means of external existing large-scale finite element business software, but blast aspect under water, due to the to China embargo of the U.S. in software kernels module, and the complicacy of large complicated model, adopt method for numerical simulation to be difficult to obtain the result approaching with actual conditions.Comprehensive above factor, means research novel mechanism and material just seem particularly important to the shock response of underwater blast by experiment.Existing laboratory facilities are mainly to test by pond explosive test and little equivalent underwater blast.These two kinds of laboratory facilities all need very high experimental cost, and Experimental Hardware facility requires high, and conventional efficient is low, and has the danger of certain degree.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of underwater blast to impact equivalent loading experiment test macro and method of testing thereof, realized equivalent underwater blast equivalent load loading experiment under laboratory condition, simultaneously can shock wave and the interaction mechanism of structure and the shock response rule of structure study.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in a kind of underwater blast, bullet emission coefficient, bullet velocity-measuring system, water target cabin system and pressure-measuring system; Set gradually bullet emission coefficient, bullet velocity-measuring system, water target cabin system, pressure-measuring system is arranged on water target cabin system bulkhead.
Described bullet emission coefficient comprises firelock-and bullet, and by firelock-driving bullet, bullet is the cylindrical aluminum bullet that length is different, by changing bullet length, changes bullet quality.
The time recorder that described bullet velocity-measuring system is be arranged in parallel by two covers forms, time recorder comprises two conductive papers and binary channels time break-make registering instrument, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, two conductive papers are connected with binary channels time break-make registering instrument respectively, the conductive paper interval 30-80cm of two cover time recorders is arranged in parallel, and the conductive paper of time recorder is arranged on the flight path of bullet.
Described water target cabin system is comprised of water target cabin, piston, O type circle, test specimen and stationary installation; Water target cabin is cylindrical siphunculus, along piston outer wall, circumferentially has a circle groove, and O type circle is arranged in above-mentioned groove, the piston that O type circle is housed is positioned over to the one end in water target cabin, for sealing; On the port of the water target cabin other end, have a circle groove, O type circle is arranged in above-mentioned groove, and test specimen is arranged on the other end port in water target cabin and is close to O type circle; Stationary installation comprises ground seat, fixture and support member, fixture center is provided with circular hole, Circularhole diameter equals water target footpath out of my cabin, two fixtures and support member are successively set on seat top, ground along straight line, two fixtures are used for fixedly water target cabin, test specimen withstands on support member, prevents that test specimen from coming off from water target cabin.
Pressure-measuring system comprises pressure transducer, charge amplifier, data collecting card and computing machine, water target out of my cabin wall be provided with threaded hole, above-mentioned threaded hole is the length in 1/5-1/10 water target cabin apart from test specimen distance, and pressure transducer is set in threaded hole; Pressure transducer is connected with charge amplifier, charge amplifier is connected with data collecting card, data collecting card is connected with computing machine again, pressure transducer passes to charge amplifier by the electric signal recording, electric signal access data capture card after the amplification of charge amplifier, finally obtains pressure time-history curves by computer processing data.
The sample frequency of above-mentioned data collecting card is not less than 400KHz.
Test specimen is the sheet material of surfacing; Bullet material is steel, glass, rock, aluminium or foamed aluminium; Water target cabin adopts stainless steel or organic glass.
A method of testing for equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast, and method step is:
Step) by firelock, bullet is penetrated;
Step) bullet is by bullet velocity-measuring system, when bullet passes the conductive paper of time first set time recorder, above-mentioned conductive paper energising, under normal condition, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, in off state, when conductive paper is worn in group attack, two conductive paper conductive layer contacts, form path, the binary channels time break-make registering instrument being connected with conductive paper starts timing; When bullet stops timing during by the second cover time recorder, the second cover binary channels time break-make registering instrument stops timing; By two cover time recorders separately distance divided by break-make registering instrument institute writing time binary channels time, obtain the flying speed of bullet;
Step) bullet impinges upon the piston at the top, water target cabin of water target cabin system after by velocity-measuring system, by clashing into the pressure wave producing, by piston, is passed to the aqueous medium in water target cabin, by aqueous medium, load is loaded on test specimen;
When step 4) pressure wave in water target cabin is passed to the position that pressure-measuring system arranges, pressure transducer can produce a faint electric signal, by this electrical signal transfer to charge amplifier, after signal is amplified, be passed to data collecting card, the data that finally by computing machine, data collecting card gathered are processed the pressure time-history curves obtaining in water target cabin.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: the equivalence that the present invention obtains underwater blast wave by the method for clashing into loads, and can realize the shock response to explosion wave to new material and typical structure under the condition of not using explosive.The security of experiment improves greatly, and experiment has higher repeatability, and experimental cost is low, and the experiment probability of makeing mistakes is little, can improve largely conventional efficient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is pilot system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is water target cabin system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Design concept of the present invention is as follows: according to test findings and theoretical analysis for many years, Cole and Zamyshlyaye have obtained the propagation law of underwater blast wave in water.Take TNT explosive as example, its crest value pressure p
0with the pass of quality of explosive be:
Wherein W is quality of explosive, and R is demolition point and measurement point spacing.Time, attenuation coefficient θ was:
In this experimental system, shock wave can be regarded one-dimensional problem as, at x=0 virgin bullet, with certain speed ramming piston, produces one-dimensional wave and passes to water column through piston.Initial velocity at water and piston contact position piston area is v
0, the velocity of sound in the velocity of propagation available water with postwave in water.The speed at x=0 place water is:
Wherein v is the speed of x=0 place water particle, c
wfor the velocity of sound in water, ρ
wfor the density of water, p is pressure in x=0 place water.Suppose that water and piston are always in contact condition,, after time t, piston rear end face has identical speed with water particle.In unit contact area, there is following relation:
When t=0, v=v
0, m is the quality that water column end face unit area applies.The pressure p at x=0 place water is:
Pressure wave is along tube wall direction one way propagation, and velocity of propagation is the velocity of sound in water.Pressure at x place is:
Hence one can see that in this experimental system, surge pressure p in water
mfor:
p
m＝ρ
wc
wv
0
Time, attenuation coefficient θ was:
Known by above analysis, can change separately by changing bullet velocity and quality pressure and the waveform of stress wave in water.
Known by above analysis, can change separately by changing bullet velocity and quality pressure and the waveform of stress wave in water.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,1, a kind of underwater blast impacts equivalent loading experiment test macro, bullet emission coefficient 1, bullet velocity-measuring system 11, water target cabin system 12 and pressure-measuring system 8; Set gradually bullet emission coefficient 1, bullet velocity-measuring system 11, water target cabin system 12, pressure-measuring system 8 is arranged on water target cabin system 12 bulkheads.
Described bullet emission coefficient 1 comprises firelock 1-1 and bullet 2, by firelock 1-1, drives bullet 2, and bullet 2 is the cylindrical aluminum bullet 2 that length is different, by changing bullet 2 length, changes bullet 2 quality.
The time recorder 3 that described bullet velocity-measuring system 11 is be arranged in parallel by two covers forms, time recorder 3 comprises two conductive papers and binary channels time break-make registering instrument, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, two conductive papers are connected with binary channels time break-make registering instrument respectively, the conductive paper interval 30-80cm of two cover time recorders 3 is arranged in parallel, and the conductive paper of time recorder 3 is arranged on the flight path of bullet 2.
Described water target cabin system 12 is comprised of water target cabin 7, piston 5, O type circle 6, test specimen 9 and stationary installation 10; Water target cabin 7 is cylindrical siphunculus, along piston 5 outer walls, circumferentially has a circle groove, and O type circle 6 is arranged in above-mentioned groove, the piston 5 that O type circle 6 is housed is positioned over to the one end in water target cabin 7, for sealing; On the port of water target cabin 7 other ends, have a circle groove, O type circle 6 is arranged in above-mentioned groove, and test specimen 9 is arranged on the other end port in water target cabin 7 and is close to O type circle 6; Stationary installation 10 comprises ground seat 10-1, fixture 10-2 and support member 10-3, fixture 10-2 center is provided with circular hole, Circularhole diameter equals water target cabin 7 external diameters, two fixture 10-2 and support member 10-3 are successively set on seat 10-1 top, ground along straight line, two fixture 10-2 are used for fixedly water target cabin 7, it is upper that test specimen 9 withstands on support member 10-3, prevents that test specimen 9 from coming off from water target cabin 7.
Pressure-measuring system 8 comprises pressure transducer, charge amplifier, data collecting card and computing machine, in water target cabin, 7 outer walls are provided with threaded hole, above-mentioned threaded hole is the length in 1/5-1/10 water target cabin 7 apart from test specimen 9 distances, and pressure transducer is set in threaded hole; Pressure transducer is connected with charge amplifier, charge amplifier is connected with data collecting card, data collecting card is connected with computing machine again, pressure transducer passes to charge amplifier by the electric signal recording, electric signal access data capture card after the amplification of charge amplifier, finally obtains pressure time-history curves by computer processing data.
The sample frequency of above-mentioned data collecting card is not less than 400KHz.
Test specimen 9 is the sheet material of surfacing; Bullet 2 materials are steel, glass, rock, aluminium or foamed aluminium; Water target cabin 7 adopts stainless steel or organic glass.
A method of testing for equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast, and method step is:
Step 1) by firelock 1-1, bullet 2 is penetrated;
Step 2) bullet 2 is by bullet velocity-measuring system 11, when bullet 2 passes the conductive paper of time first set time recorder 3, above-mentioned conductive paper energising, under normal condition, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, in off state, when bullet 2 disruptive conduction paper, two conductive paper conductive layer contacts, form path, the binary channels time break-make registering instrument being connected with conductive paper starts timing; When bullet 2 stops timing during by the second cover time recorder 3, the second cover binary channels time break-make registering instrument stops timing; By two cover time recorders 3 separately distance divided by break-make registering instrument institute writing time binary channels time, obtain the flying speed of bullet 2;
Step 3) bullet 2 impinges upon the piston 5 at 7 tops, water target cabin of water target cabin system 12 after by velocity-measuring system 11, by clashing into the pressure wave producing, by piston 5, is passed to the aqueous medium in water target cabin 7, by aqueous medium, load is loaded on test specimen 9;
When step 4) pressure wave in water target cabin 7 is passed to the position that pressure-measuring system 8 arranges, pressure transducer can produce a faint electric signal, by this electrical signal transfer to charge amplifier, after signal is amplified, be passed to data collecting card, the data that finally by computing machine, data collecting card gathered are processed the pressure time-history curves obtaining in water target cabin 7.
Embodiment
An equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast, bullet emission coefficient 1, bullet velocity-measuring system 11, water target cabin system 12 and pressure-measuring system 8; Set gradually bullet emission coefficient 1, bullet velocity-measuring system 11, water target cabin system 12, pressure-measuring system 8 is arranged on water target cabin system 12 bulkheads.
Described bullet emission coefficient 1 comprises firelock 1-1 and bullet 2, by firelock 1-1, drives bullet 2, and bullet 2 is the cylindrical aluminum bullet 2 that length is different, by changing bullet 2 length, changes bullet 2 quality.
Embodiment 1
Bullet 2 adopts the cylindrical bullet of aluminum, and speed is got respectively 10m/s, 20m/s, 30m/s, 40m/s and 50m/s; Length is got respectively 5cm, 4cm, 3cm, 2cm, 1cm, and the bullet 2 of each length all carries out 5 tests with this according to 10m/s, 20m/s, 30m/s, 40m/s, 50m/s, carries out 25 tests.
The time recorder 3 that described bullet velocity-measuring system 11 is be arranged in parallel by two covers forms, time recorder 3 comprises two conductive papers and binary channels time break-make registering instrument, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, two conductive papers are connected with binary channels time break-make registering instrument respectively, the conductive paper interval 50cm of two cover time recorders 3 is arranged in parallel, the conductive paper of time recorder 3 is arranged on the flight path of bullet 2, when bullet 2 is during through conductive paper on first set time recorder 3, conductive layer contact on conductive paper, binary channels time recorder starts timing, when bullet 2 passes the conductive paper on the second cover time recorder 3, binary channels time recorder stops timing, by two cover time recorder 3 standoff distance 50cm, divided by bullet, through two cover time recorder times used, can obtain the flying speed of bullet 2.
Described water target cabin system 12 is that aluminum piston 5, O type circle 6, test specimen 9 and the stationary installation 10 that the cylindrical plexi-glass tubular of 100cm is 3cm as water target cabin 7, thickness forms by internal diameter 40mm length; On piston 6, open by groove, be convenient to install additional O type circle 6, the piston that O type circle 6 is housed is positioned over to the one end in water target cabin 7, for sealing; On the section of water target cabin 7 other ends, have groove, place O type circle 6, in water target cabin 7, fill water, test specimen 9 is the sheet material of surfacing, and sheet material is close to section, plays the effect of sealing under the effect of O type circle 6.Test specimen 9 adopts the clamped mode in four limits to fix; Whole water target cabin 7 is used cylindrical chuck 10-2 to be fixed on base 10-1; When bullet 2 impinges upon on the piston 5 of water target cabin system 12 through after velocity-measuring system, after clashing into, produce pressure wave, by piston, be delivered to aqueous medium, finally by aqueous medium, be loaded on test specimen 9.
Described pressure-measuring system 8 is comprised of pressure transducer, charge amplifier, data collecting card and computing machine.In water target cabin 7 apart from the local auger shell pit of test specimen end 10cm, herein setting pressure sensor; Pressure transducer is connected with charge amplifier, the electric signal access data capture card after the amplification of charge amplifier, and the sample frequency of data collecting card is set to 500KHz, finally passes through computer processing data.
Embodiment 2
Bullet 2 adopts foamed aluminium material, and speed is got respectively 10m/s, 20m/s, 30m/s, 40m/s and 50m/s; Length is got respectively 5cm, 4cm, 3cm, 2cm, 1cm, and the bullet 2 of each length all carries out 5 tests with this according to 10m/s, 20m/s, 30m/s, 40m/s, 50m/s, carries out 25 tests.
The time recorder 3 that described bullet velocity-measuring system 11 is be arranged in parallel by two covers forms, time recorder 3 comprises two conductive papers and binary channels time break-make registering instrument, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, two conductive papers are connected with binary channels time break-make registering instrument respectively, the conductive paper interval 78cm of two cover time recorders 3 is arranged in parallel, the conductive paper of time recorder is arranged on the flight path of bullet, when bullet passes the conductive paper on first set time recorder 3, conductive layer contact on conductive paper, binary channels time recorder starts timing, when bullet passes the conductive paper on the second cover time recorder 3, binary channels time recorder stops timing, by two cover time recorder 3 standoff distance 78cm, divided by bullet, through two cover time recorder times used, can obtain the flying speed of bullet.
Described water target cabin system 12 is that aluminum piston 5, O type circle 6, test specimen 9 and the stationary installation 10 that the cylindrical stainless-steel tube of 100cm is 3cm as water target cabin 7, thickness forms by internal diameter 40mm length; On piston 6, open by groove, be convenient to install additional O type circle 6, the piston that O type circle 6 is housed is positioned over to the one end in water target cabin 7, for sealing; On the section of water target cabin 7 other ends, have groove, place O type circle 6, at water target cabin 7 in-built full waters, test specimen 9 is close to section for the sheet material of surfacing, test specimen 9, plays the effect of sealing under the effect of O type circle 6.Test specimen 9 adopts the clamped mode in four limits to fix; Whole water target cabin 7 is used cylindrical chuck 10-2 to be fixed on base 10-1; When bullet 2 impinges upon on the piston 5 of water target cabin system 12 through after bullet velocity-measuring system 11, after clashing into, produce pressure wave, by piston, be delivered to aqueous medium, finally by aqueous medium, be loaded on test specimen 9.
Described pressure-measuring system 8 is comprised of pressure transducer, charge amplifier, data collecting card and computing machine.In water target cabin 7 apart from the local auger shell pit of test specimen end 10cm, herein setting pressure sensor; Pressure transducer is connected with charge amplifier, the electric signal access data capture card after the amplification of charge amplifier, and the sample frequency of data collecting card is set to 500KHz, finally passes through computer processing data.
Test findings, the theoretical analysis, draw the variation relation of loaded load and bullet 2 speed and bullet 2 quality, loaded load surge pressure only with the resultant velocity velocity correlation of bullet 2 with piston 5, loaded load is only relevant to the quality of water on piston 5 and contact element area die-away time; Actual tests result and the theoretical analysis result goodness of fit are very high, can change the peak pressure value of load by adjusting bullet 2 quality, by regulating bullet 2 quality can regulate the die-away time of load.
The present embodiment completes under laboratory condition, can to new material and new structure, test fast, and the high controllability of efficiency simple to operate is strong.
Claims (4)
1. an equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast, it is characterized in that: bullet emission coefficient (1), bullet velocity-measuring system (11), water target cabin system (12) and pressure-measuring system (8); Set gradually bullet emission coefficient (1), bullet velocity-measuring system (11), water target cabin system (12), pressure-measuring system (8) is arranged on water target cabin system (12) bulkhead;
Described bullet emission coefficient (1) comprises firelock (1-1) and bullet (2), by firelock (1-1), drives bullet (2), and bullet (2) is the cylindrical aluminum bullet (2) that length is different, by changing bullet (2) length, changes bullet (2) quality;
The time recorder (3) that described bullet velocity-measuring system (11) is be arranged in parallel by two covers forms, time recorder (3) comprises two conductive papers and binary channels time break-make registering instrument, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, two conductive papers are connected with binary channels time break-make registering instrument respectively, the conductive paper interval 30-80cm of two cover time recorders (3) is arranged in parallel, and the conductive paper of time recorder (3) is arranged on the flight path of bullet (2);
Described water target cabin system (12) is comprised of water target cabin (7), piston (5), O type circle (6), test specimen (9) and stationary installation (10); Water target cabin (7) is cylindrical siphunculus, along piston (5) outer wall, circumferentially has a circle groove, and O type circle (6) is arranged in above-mentioned groove, the piston (5) that O type circle (6) is housed is positioned over to the one end in water target cabin (7), for sealing; On the port of water target cabin (7) other end, have a circle groove, O type circle (6) is arranged in above-mentioned groove, and test specimen (9) is arranged on the other end port in water target cabin (7) and is close to O type circle (6); Stationary installation (10) comprises ground seat (10-1), fixture (10-2) and support member (10-3), fixture (10-2) center is provided with circular hole, Circularhole diameter equals water target cabin (7) external diameter, two fixtures (10-2) and support member (10-3) are successively set on seat (10-1) top, ground along straight line, two fixtures (10-2) are for fixedly water target cabin (7), it is upper that test specimen (9) withstands on support member (10-3), prevents that test specimen (9) from coming off from water target cabin (7);
Pressure-measuring system (8) comprises pressure transducer, charge amplifier, data collecting card and computing machine, in water target cabin (7), outer wall is provided with threaded hole, above-mentioned threaded hole is the length in 1/5-1/10 water target cabin (7) apart from test specimen (9) distance, and pressure transducer is set in threaded hole; Pressure transducer is connected with charge amplifier, charge amplifier is connected with data collecting card, data collecting card is connected with computing machine again, pressure transducer passes to charge amplifier by the electric signal recording, electric signal access data capture card after the amplification of charge amplifier, finally obtains pressure time-history curves by computer processing data.
2. equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sample frequency of above-mentioned data collecting card is not less than 400KHz.
3. equivalent loading experiment test macro is impacted in underwater blast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: test specimen (9) is the sheet material of surfacing; Bullet (2) material is steel, glass, rock, aluminium or foamed aluminium; Water target cabin (7) adopts stainless steel or organic glass.
4. based on underwater blast claimed in claim 1, impact a method of testing for equivalent loading experiment test macro, it is characterized in that, method step is:
Step 1) penetrates bullet (2) by firelock (1-1);
Step 2) bullet (2) is by bullet velocity-measuring system (11), when bullet (2) passes the conductive paper of time first set time recorder (3), above-mentioned conductive paper energising, under normal condition, the conductive layer of two conductive papers does not contact, in off state, when bullet (2) disruptive conduction paper, two conductive paper conductive layer contacts, form path, the binary channels time break-make registering instrument being connected with conductive paper starts timing; When bullet (2) overlaps time recorder (3) by second, stop timing, the second cover binary channels time break-make registering instrument stops timing; By two cover time recorders (3) separately distance divided by break-make registering instrument institute writing time binary channels time, obtain the flying speed of bullet (2);
Step 3) bullet (2) impinges upon the piston (5) at the top, water target cabin (7) of water target cabin system (12) after by velocity-measuring system 11, by clashing into the pressure wave producing, by piston (5), be passed to the aqueous medium in water target cabin (7), by aqueous medium, load is loaded on test specimen (9);
When the pressure wave of step 4) in water target cabin (7) is passed to the position that pressure-measuring system (8) arranges, pressure transducer can produce a faint electric signal, by this electrical signal transfer to charge amplifier, after signal is amplified, be passed to data collecting card, the data that finally by computing machine, data collecting card gathered are processed the pressure time-history curves obtaining in water target cabin (7).
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