CN104011122A - 具有可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂的屋顶膜 - Google Patents
具有可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂的屋顶膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104011122A CN104011122A CN201280065305.XA CN201280065305A CN104011122A CN 104011122 A CN104011122 A CN 104011122A CN 201280065305 A CN201280065305 A CN 201280065305A CN 104011122 A CN104011122 A CN 104011122A
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- expansible black
- black lead
- rubber
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种屋顶膜,其包括经固化的橡胶的至少一个层和分散于所述经固化的橡胶内的可膨胀石墨。
Description
本申请要求2012年12月29日提交的美国临时申请系列No.61/581,179的权益,所述申请以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及包括可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂的用于屋顶应用的聚合物片材,如EPDM膜。
背景技术
乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)广泛用于多种应用中。例如,其特别地可用作聚合物片材,所述聚合物片材由于其物理性质、柔性、耐气候性、低温性质和耐热老化性而被接受作为用于覆盖工业和商业屋顶的屋顶膜。这些橡胶屋顶膜通常以经硫化或经固化状态施用至屋顶表面,并用作防止水分渗透至经覆盖的屋顶的有效阻挡层。
这些屋顶膜通常通过如下方式制得:在合适的混合器中配混EPDM的基本聚合物与适当的填料、加工油和其它所需的成分,如增塑剂、抗降解剂、增粘促进剂等,以及将所得混合物压延成所需的厚度。屋顶膜也可通过在存在一种或多种硫化剂和/或可相容的硫化促进剂的情况下硫化所得片材而固化。
通常将诸如粘土、滑石、二氧化硅、云母、碳酸钙等的矿物填料添加至屋顶膜制剂中以增加阻燃性,如美国专利No.5,468,550中所述。
屋顶膜通常也包含阻燃剂(FR)。十溴二苯醚(DBDPO)为用于EPDM屋顶膜中的公知的含卤素FR。然而,DBDPO由于其高溴含量(83wt%)而变成环境问题。由于这些考虑,也为了解决工业中的监管改变,需要也提供阻燃剂性质的不含DBDPO的聚合物组合物。
持续希望找到可用作橡胶屋顶膜内的阻燃剂且对橡胶屋顶膜不具有不利影响的材料。
发明内容
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种屋顶膜,所述屋顶膜包括经固化的橡胶的至少一个层和分散于所述经固化的橡胶内的可膨胀石墨。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例基于包含可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂的橡胶屋顶膜的发现。有利地,即使所述膜基本上不含含卤素的阻燃剂,一个或多个实施例的膜也满足UL 94和UL 790中所述的性能标准。已发现本发明的实施特别地可用于橡胶膜(如EPDM膜)中,且这些膜有利地满足ASTM D 4637的性能标准。
膜构造
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜包括经固化的橡胶、可膨胀石墨、填料和增量剂。另外,可为黑色或非黑色的这些膜可包括用于橡胶膜或橡胶混合物(compound)中的其他组分。所述膜包括源自可硫化橡胶组合物的经固化的网络。各种其他成分可分散于整个经固化的网络中。所述膜也可称为片材。所述膜还可包括织物增强件。在某些实施例中,所述膜不含含卤素的阻燃剂。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的实施中所用的EPDM膜包括乙烯-丙烯-二烯共聚物橡胶(EPDM)的经固化的片材。各种添加剂可分散于乙烯-丙烯-二烯共聚物的经交联的网络内,所述添加剂包括但不限于填料、油、蜡、抗氧化剂、抗臭氧剂、阻燃剂等。EPDM片材可为单层片片材或多层片片材。EPDM片材可不含织物增强件,或者其可包括设置于橡胶的两个或更多个层片或层之间的织物增强件。
在一个或多个实施例中,尽管膜通常称为单层片屋顶膜,但其可包括组成上不同的两个或更多个层。层可通过压延形成。例如,第一和第二片材可由第一和第二分别的橡胶组合物形成,然后分别的片材可配对并进一步压延或层合至彼此,且任选在片材之间具有增强织物。然而,技术人员将认识到,这些层可整合至如下程度:压延和/或固化过程在一些水平处产生界面,且所述层通常为不可分离的。尽管如此,可提及单独的层,尤其是当层源自不同的组合物时。也可提及多层片材。
在一个或多个实施例中,多层膜或片材的每一层可包括根据本发明的可膨胀石墨。在其他实施例中,第一层可包括可膨胀石墨,第二层不含或基本上不含可膨胀石墨。基本上不含指不存在可膨胀石墨的量,否则所述可膨胀石墨的量将对本发明的实施具有显著影响。例如,在一个实施例中,本发明的膜为经压延的片材,其中压延包括可膨胀石墨的第一组合物以形成膜的第一层,压延不含或基本上不含可膨胀石墨的第二组合物以形成膜的第二层。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜为双层膜,其中第一膜为黑色,第二膜为非黑色(例如白色或总体白色)。如本领域技术人员了解,黑色层可源自黑色组合物,所述黑色组合物通常包含炭黑作为填料。如本发明所预期,黑色层包括可膨胀石墨。白色层可源自白色组合物,所述白色组合物通常包含非黑填料,如二氧化硅、二氧化钛和/或粘土。白色EPDM膜或具有白色EPDM层的膜是本领域已知的,如以引用方式并入本文的美国系列No12/389,145中所公开。
通常,片材的厚度为约20至约100密耳,在其他实施例中约35至约95密耳,在其他实施例中约45至约90密耳。在一个或多个实施例中,EPDM片材满足ASTM D4637的性能标准。
可用的EPDM膜公开于例如以引用方式并入本文的美国专利No.7,175,732、No.6,502,360、No.6,120,869、No.5,849,133、No.5,389,715、No.4,810,565、No.4,778,852、No.4,732,925和No.4,657,958以及以引用方式并入本文的美国系列No.12/982,198中。EPDM膜可购自多个来源,例子包括可以以商标名RubberGard(凡世通建筑产品公司(Firestone BuildingProducts))和SURE-SEAL(卡莱尔新代公司(Carlisle SynTec))获得的那些。
EPDM
在一个或多个实施例中,经固化的橡胶源自烯烃橡胶,如烯烃三元共聚物。在一个或多个实施例中,烯烃三元共聚物包含源自乙烯、α-烯烃和任选的二烯单体的基体单元。可用的α-烯烃包括丙烯。在一个或多个实施例中,二烯单体可包括二环戊二烯、烷基二环戊二烯、1,4-戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、1,4-庚二烯、2-甲基-1,5-己二烯、环辛二烯、1,4-辛二烯、1,7-辛二烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯、5-正亚丙基-2-降冰片烯、5-(2-甲基-2-丁烯基)-2-降冰片烯和它们的混合物。烯烃三元共聚物和它们的制备方法为已知的,如公开于美国专利No.3,280,082以及美国公开申请No.2006/0280892中,所述专利以引用方式并入本文。此外,与非黑膜相关的烯烃三元共聚物和它们的制备方法为已知的,如公开于也以引用方式并入本文的共同待审的美国申请No.12/389,145、No.12/982,198和No.13/287,417中。为了本说明书的目的,弹性体三元共聚物可简称为EPDM。
在一个或多个实施例中,弹性体三元共聚物可包含至少62重量%、在其他实施例中至少64重量%的源自乙烯的基体单元;在这些或其他实施例中,弹性体三元共聚物可包含至多70重量%、在其他实施例中至多69重量%的源自乙烯的基体单元。在一个或多个实施例中,弹性体三元共聚物可包含至少2重量%、在其他实施例中至少2.4重量%的源自二烯单体的基体单元;在这些或其他实施例中,弹性体三元共聚物可包含至多4重量%、在其他实施例中至多3.2重量%的源自二烯单体的基体单元。在一个或多个实施例中,基体单元的余量源自丙烯或其他α-烯烃。弹性体三元共聚物可如本领域已知且如以引用方式并入本文的美国公开申请No.2006/0280892所公开进行表征,并包含固化体系。
如本领域已知,共混低门尼EPDM三元共聚物与高门尼EPDM三元共聚物以降低膜混合物的总粘度在本发明的范围内。换言之,可使用具有不同分子量的EPDM三元共聚物以适应加工。
如本领域已知,可使用固化剂或固化体系来固化橡胶。可通过使用许多技术(如使用硫固化体系、过氧化物固化体系和醌型固化体系的那些)来固化弹性体三元共聚物(例如EPDM)。硫固化体系可与硫化促进剂组合使用。
在一个或多个实施例中,硫固化体系可与硫化促进剂组合使用。可用的促进剂包括硫脲,如亚乙基硫脲、N,N-二丁基硫脲、N,N-二乙基硫脲等;秋兰姆一硫化物和二硫化物,如四甲基秋兰姆一硫化物(TMTMS)、四丁基秋兰姆二硫化物(TBTDS)、四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物(TMTDS)、四乙基秋兰姆一硫化物(TETMS)、双五亚甲基秋兰姆六硫化物(DPTH)等;苯并噻唑次磺酰胺,如N-氧基二亚乙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺、N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺、N,N-二异丙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺、N-叔丁基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(TBBS)(可作为NS得自康涅狄格州米德尔伯里的科聚亚公司(Chemtura,Middlebury,CT))等;其他噻唑促进剂,如2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)、苯并噻唑基二硫化物(MBTS)、N,N-二苯胍、N,N-二-(2-甲基苯基)-胍、2-(吗啉代二硫代)苯并噻唑二硫化物、2-巯基苯并噻唑锌等;二硫代氨基甲酸盐,如二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸碲、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸铜、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸铋、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸镉、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸铅、丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZDBDC)和它们的混合物。如果需要,硫给体型促进剂(例如二吗啉代二硫化物和烷基苯酚二硫化物)可代替单质硫(elemental sulfur)或与单质硫结合使用。
可用作固化剂或共固化剂的合适的过氧化物的例子包括过氧化氢α-异丙苯、过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化氢、过氧化乙酰丙酮、叔丁基过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)-2,5-二甲基己烯、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化苯甲酰、2,4-二氯过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化双(对单亚甲基-苯甲酰基)、过氧化双(对硝基苯甲酰基)、过氧化苯乙酰、和它们的混合物。
可与对苯醌二肟一起用作共固化剂的无机过氧化物的例子包括过氧化铅、过氧化锌、过氧化钡、过氧化铜、过氧化钾、过氧化银、过氧化钠、过氧化钙、金属过氧硼酸盐、过氧铬酸盐、过氧二碳酸盐、过氧二磷酸盐、过氧二硫酸盐、过氧锗酸盐、过氧钼酸盐、过氧硝酸盐、过氧化镁、过氧化焦磷酸钠、和它们的混合物。
用于醌型共固化剂的多硫化物活化剂的例子包括多硫化钙、多硫化钠,以及具有通式R--(S)x--R的有机多硫化物,其中R为烃基且x为2-4的数。有机多硫化物的例子公开于美国专利No.2,619,481中,所述专利以引用方式并入本文。
常规辐射设备和技术也可在本发明的实施中使用。可使用的合适的离子化交联促进剂包括:含有90%的1,2-乙烯基含量的液体高乙烯基1,2-聚丁二烯树脂、Sartomer SR-206(乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)、Di-Cup R(过氧化二异丙苯,约98%活性)、和Pental A(由妥尔油制得的季戊四醇树脂)。这些化学添加剂优选与组合物中的其他成分可相容,它们也可用于降低获得所需交联水平所需的电离辐射的剂量。
可使用硫和含硫固化体系,且硫和含硫固化体系也可与促进剂一起使用。硫的合适的量可易于由本领域技术人员确定。在一个或多个实施例中,可使用大约1重量份(pbw)硫/100重量份橡胶(phr)。促进剂的量也可易于由本领域技术人员确定。
可膨胀石墨
可膨胀石墨也可称为可膨胀片状石墨、膨胀片状石墨、或可膨胀片;且为了本文的目的,这些术语可交换使用。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨包括插层石墨,其中插层材料包含于石墨晶体或粒子的石墨层之间。插层材料的例子包括卤素、碱金属、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、各种有机酸、氯化铝、氯化铁、其他金属卤化物、硫化砷和硫化铊。在本发明的某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨包括非卤化的插层材料。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨包括硫酸盐插入剂,也称为石墨硫酸氢盐。如本领域已知,硫酸氢盐插层通过使用硫酸和其他氧化剂(所述氧化剂用于催化硫酸盐插层)的混合物处理高结晶天然片状石墨而实现。
可膨胀石墨的可购得的例子包括HPMS可膨胀石墨(加利福尼亚州伍德兰山的惠普材料解决方案公司(HP Materials Solutions,Inc.,Woodland Hills,CA))和可膨胀石墨级1721(新泽西州阿斯伯里的艾斯博瑞碳素公司(AsburyCarbons,Asbury,NJ))。预期可用于本发明的其他商业级包括1722、3393、3577、3626和1722HT(新泽西州阿斯伯里的艾斯博瑞碳素公司(AsburyCarbons,Asbury,NJ))。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约30μm至约1.5mm、在其他实施例中约50μm至约1.0mm、在其他实施例中约180至约850μm范围内的平均尺寸。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至少30μm、在其他实施例中至少44μm、在其他实施例中至少180μm、在其他实施例中至少300μm的平均尺寸。在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至多1.5mm、在其他实施例中至多1.0mm、在其他实施例中至多850μm、在其他实施例中至多600μm、在其他实施例中至多500μm、在其他实施例中至多400μm的平均尺寸。可用的可膨胀石墨包括石墨级#1721(艾斯博瑞碳素公司(Asbury Carbons)),其具有大于300μm的标称尺寸。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有20x50(US筛)的标称粒度。US筛20具有等于0.841mm的开口,US筛50具有等于0.297mm的开口。因此,20x50的标称粒度表示石墨粒子为至少0.297mm且至多0.841mm。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约70%至约99%范围内的碳含量。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至少80%、在其他实施例中至少85%、在其他实施例中至少90%、在其他实施例中至少95%、在其他实施例中至少98%、在其他实施例中至少99%碳的碳含量。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约0%至约8%、在其他实施例中约2.6%至约5.0%、在其他实施例中约3.0%至约3.5%范围内的硫含量。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至少0%、在其他实施例中至少2.6%、在其他实施例中至少2.9%、在其他实施例中至少3.2%、在其他实施例中3.5%的硫含量。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至多8%、在其他实施例中至多5%、在其他实施例中至多3.5%的硫含量。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约10:1至约500:1、在其他实施例中至少20:1至约450:1、在其他实施例中至少30:1至约400:1、在其他实施例中约50:1至约350:1范围内的膨胀比(cc/g)。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至少10:1、在其他实施例中至少20:1、在其他实施例中至少30:1、在其他实施例中至少40:1、在其他实施例中至少50:1、在其他实施例中至少60:1、在其他实施例中至少90:1、在其他实施例中至少160:1、在其他实施例中至少210:1、在其他实施例中至少220:1、在其他实施例中至少230:1、在其他实施例中至少270:1、在其他实施例中至少290:1、在其他实施例中至少300:1的膨胀比(cc/g)。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至多350:1、在其他实施例中至多300:1的膨胀比(cc/g)。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨由于与本发明的沥青片材的沥青组分一起存在而是部分膨胀的。然而,在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨不膨胀至不利的程度(包括不利影响形成片材产品的能力和石墨在所需水平(其包括允许片材的适当形成的那些水平)下用作阻燃剂的能力的膨胀量或更大)。在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨膨胀至超过其初始未膨胀尺寸至多100%,在其他实施例中至多50%,在其他实施例中至多40%,在其他实施例中至多30%,在其他实施例中至多20%,在其他实施例中至多10%。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约1至约10、在其他实施例中约1至约6、在其他实施例中约5至约10范围内的pH。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约4至约7范围内的pH。在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至少为1、在其他实施例中至少为4、在其他实施例中至少为5的pH。在某些实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有至多为10、在其他实施例中至多为7、在其他实施例中至多为6.5、在其他实施例中至多为6、在其他实施例中至多为5的pH。
在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于具有约100℃至约280℃、在其他实施例中约160℃至约225℃、在其他实施例中约180℃至约200℃的起始温度。在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于至少100℃、在其他实施例中至少130℃、在其他实施例中至少160℃、在其他实施例中至少170℃、在其他实施例中至少180℃、在其他实施例中至少190℃、在其他实施例中至少200℃的起始温度。在一个或多个实施例中,可膨胀石墨可特征在于至多250℃、在其他实施例中至多225℃、在其他实施例中至多200℃的起始温度。起始温度也可交换地称为膨胀温度,其也可称为石墨的膨胀开始时的温度。
补充阻燃剂
如上所述,可膨胀石墨可结合补充阻燃剂使用。阻燃剂可包括在本发明的聚合物组合物中增加阻燃性、特别是火焰传播(如由UL 94和/或UL 790所测试)的任何化合物。通常,可用的阻燃剂包括当暴露于火焰时通过在试样表面上形成炭层而起作用的那些。其他阻燃剂包括当阻燃剂化合物热分解时通过释放水而起作用的那些。可用的阻燃剂也可分类为卤化阻燃剂或非卤化阻燃剂。
示例性的非卤化阻燃剂包括氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、多磷酸铵、多磷酸三聚氰胺和氧化锑(Sb2O3)。氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)可以以商标名VertexTM60购得,多磷酸铵可以以商标名ExoliteTMAP 760(科莱恩公司(Clarian))购得(其作为多元醇母料在一起销售),多磷酸三聚氰胺可以以商标名BuditTM3141(博德公司(Budenheim))得到,氧化锑(Sb2O3)可以以商标名FireshieldTM购得。据信通过形成炭层而起作用的来自前述列表的那些阻燃剂包括多磷酸铵和多磷酸三聚氰胺。本发明中可用的阻燃剂包括可膨胀石墨。
填料
如上所述,本发明的膜包括填料。这些填料可包括本领域常规使用的那些,以及这些填料中的两种或更多种的组合。在一个或多个实施例中,填料可包括炭黑。可用的炭黑的例子包括通常特征在于在ASTM D-1765中确定的平均全行业目标值的那些。示例性的炭黑包括GPF(通用炉)、FEF(快压出炉)和SRF(半补强炉)。炭黑的一个特定例子为N650 GPF黑,其为具有约60nm的平均粒度和约1.8g/cc的比重的源自石油的增强炭黑。另一例子为N330,其为具有约30 nm的平均粒度、约0.75%的最大灰分含量和约1.8g/cc的比重的高耐磨炉黑。
其他可用的填料包括粘土和滑石,如公开于以引用方式并入本文的美国公开申请No.2006/0280892中的那些。其他可用的填料包括二氧化硅,其可结合偶联剂使用。
增量剂
如上所述,本发明的膜可包括增量剂。可用的增量剂包括石蜡油、环烷油和它们的混合物。这些油可被卤化,如公开于以引用方式并入本文的美国专利No.6,632,509中。在一个或多个实施例中,可用的油通常特征在于低表面含量、低芳香性、低挥发性和超过约550°F的闪点。可用的增量剂可购得。一个特定的增量剂为可以以商标名SUNPARTM2280(太阳石油公司(Sun OilCompany))得到的石蜡油。另一可用的石蜡加工油为可得自密西西比州杰克逊的尔刚石油公司(Ergon Oil Inc.of Jackson,MS)的Hyprene P150BS。
其他组分
除了前述组分之外,本发明的膜也可任选地包括云母、煤炭填料、废胶末、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、均化剂、酚醛树脂、阻燃剂、氧化锌、硬脂酸和它们的混合物,如公开于以引用方式并入本文的美国公开申请No.2006/0280892中。某些实施例可基本上不含这些组分中的任意者。
量
根据一个或多个实施例,本发明的聚合物膜包含以膜的总重量计约20重量%至约50重量%、在其他实施例中约24重量%至约36重量%、在其他实施例中约28重量%至约32重量%的橡胶(例如EPDM)。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包含每100重量份橡胶(phr)(例如EPDM)约1至约50、在其他实施例中约2至约40、在其他实施例中约3至约35、在其他实施例中约5至约30、在其他实施例中约7至约25重量份(pbw)的可膨胀石墨。在某些实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包含至多50pbw、在其他实施例中至多40pbw、在其他实施例中至多35pbw、在其他实施例中至多30pbw、在其他实施例中至多25pbw、在其他实施例中至多20pbw、在其他实施例中至多15pbw的可膨胀石墨phr。在这些或其他实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包含至少2pbw、在其他实施例中至少3pbw、在其他实施例中至少5pbw、在其他实施例中至少7pbw、在其他实施例中至少10pbw、在其他实施例中至少15pbw、在其他实施例中至少20pbw的可膨胀石墨phr。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜可包含每100pbw phr约70至约100pbw、在其他实施例中约75至约95pbw、在其他实施例中约77至约85重量份的炭黑。某些实施例可基本上不含炭黑。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜可包含每100pbw phr约78至约103pbw、在其他实施例中约85至约100pbw、在其他实施例中约87至约98pbw的粘土。某些实施例可基本上不含粘土。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜可包含每100pbw phr5至约60pbw、在其他实施例中约10至约40pbw、在其他实施例中约20至约25pbw的滑石。某些实施例可基本上不含滑石。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜可包含每100pbw phr约55至约95pbw、在其他实施例中约60至约85pbw、在其他实施例中约65至约80pbw的增量剂。某些实施例可基本上不含增量剂。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜可包含每100pbw phr约12至约25pbw的云母。在其他实施例中,膜包含至多12pbw phr的云母,在其他实施例中至多6pbw的云母phr。在某些实施例中,膜不含云母。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜可包含约10至约100pbw的二氧化硅phr。在其他实施例中,膜包含至多70pbw的二氧化硅phr,在其他实施例中至多55pbw的二氧化硅phr。在某些实施例中,膜不含二氧化硅。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜包含约2至约10pbw的均化剂phr。在其他实施例中,膜包含至多5pbw的均化剂phr,在其他实施例中至多3pbw的均化剂phr。在某些实施例中,膜不含均化剂。
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜包含约2至约10pbw的酚醛树脂phr。在其他实施例中,膜包含小于4pbw的酚醛树脂phr,在其他实施例中小于2.5pbw的酚醛树脂phr。在某些实施例中,膜不含酚醛树脂。
在一个或多个实施例中,包含可膨胀石墨的本发明的膜(或多层膜的一个或多个层)不含或基本上不含含卤素的阻燃剂。在一个或多个实施例中,包含可膨胀石墨的膜或膜的层包含小于5pbw、在其他实施例中小于1pbw、在其他实施例中小于0.1pbw的含卤素的阻燃剂phr。在特定实施例中,本发明的膜基本上不含DBDPO。
制造方法
本发明的屋顶膜可使用常规橡胶配混设备(如Brabender、Banbury、Sigma-blade混合器、双辊磨机,或适用于形成粘性的相对均匀的掺加物的其他混合器)通过常规方法制得。混合技术取决于多个因素,如所用的聚合物的具体类型,填料、加工油、石蜡和所用的其他成分。在一个或多个实施例中,成分可在单次一起添加。在其他实施例中,可首先装载成分中的一些(如填料、油等),之后装载聚合物。在其他实施例中,可使用更常规的方式,其中首先添加聚合物,之后添加其他成分。
混合循环通常为约2至6分钟。在某些实施例中,可使用增量工序,其中基本聚合物和填料中的部分首先与少量加工油或不与加工油一起添加,剩余填料和加工油以另外的增量添加。在其他实施例中,EPDM中的部分可在填料、增塑剂等的顶部添加。该工序还可通过如下进行改变:保留加工油的部分,然后在之后添加。在一个或多个实施例中,可使用两阶段混合。
硫固化包(硫/促进剂)可在接近混合循环结束时在更低温度下添加,以防止EPDM聚合物链的过早交联。当使用B型Banbury密闭式混合器时,可首先添加诸如炭黑和非黑矿物填料(即未经处理的粘土、经处理的粘土、滑石、云母等)的干燥或粉状材料,之后添加液体加工油,最后添加聚合物(此类混合可称为倒置混合技术)。
一旦混合,则可经由压延将橡胶组合物成型为片材。本发明的组合物也可使用其他技术(如挤出)而成型为各种类型的制品。
所得橡胶组合物可以以任何已知方式(如通过压延或挤出)而以片材形式制得。片材也可切削至所需尺寸。在一个或多个实施例中,可通过使用常规成片方法(例如铣削、压延或挤出)将所得掺合物成片至5至200密耳、在其他实施例中35至90密耳的厚度。在一个或多个实施例中,将掺合物成片至至少40密耳(0.040英寸),这是用于屋顶应用中的未经增强的EPDM橡胶片材的由橡胶制造协会(RMA)的屋顶委员会设立的制造标准中规定的最小厚度。在其他实施例中,将掺合物成片至约45密耳的厚度,这是大部分的商业使用的“单层片”屋顶膜的厚度。片材可视觉检查,并在固化之后切削至所需长度和宽度尺寸。
经压延的片材本身应该显示从上下压延辊上良好均匀的脱离,并具有平滑表面外观(基本上不含气泡、空隙、鱼眼、泪珠等)。其也应具有从接片台的吸(真空)帽上均匀的脱离以及集尘箱处的均匀表面撒粉。
本发明的膜可任选地由纤维织品(scrim)增强。在其他实施例中,膜不含纤维织品。
可使用为机械橡胶物品开发的测试方法来评价屋顶片材膜的物理性质。典型的性质包括拉伸强度、模量、最终伸长、耐撕裂性、耐臭氧性、水吸收、阻燃性和经固化的混合物硬度等。
膜性能标准
在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的膜显示出符合或超过如通过UL94和/或UL 790测试的火焰传播的标准的阻燃性。此外,本发明的膜满足根据测试方法UL 1897测试的耐风吸力性的标准。在这些或其他实施例中,本发明的膜满足ASTM D 4637的性能标准。
膜安装
本发明的膜可以以常规方式在屋顶子结构上铺展,其中相邻片材的接缝重叠,并通过使用例如粘合剂配合。接缝的宽度可取决于由建筑师、建筑承包商或屋顶承包商规定的要求而变化,且因此它们不构成对本发明的限制。接缝可使用常规粘合剂结合,例如丁基基重叠拼接粘合剂,其可作为SA-1065购自费尔斯通建筑产品公司(Firestone Building Products Company)。可通过喷雾、刷、擦拭或本领域已知的其他方法促进施用。而且,可通过使用胶带和配套底漆(如QuickSeamTM胶带和Quick Prime Plus底漆,两者均可购自印第安纳州卡梅尔的费尔斯通建筑产品公司(Firestone Building ProductsCompany of Carmel,IN))而形成现场接缝(field seam)。
而且,如本领域已知,可通过使用例如机械紧固件、粘合剂(其常用于制备完全附接的屋顶系统)或压块而将这些膜固定至屋顶子结构。此外,本发明的膜可与绝缘或顶板组合使用,或在复合板中使用,如以引用方式并入本文的美国专利No.7,972,688所公开。也预期在EPDM防水板(如公开于以引用方式并入本文的美国专利No.5,804,661中的那些)中使用本发明的概念。
其他聚合物膜
尽管到目前为止已关于包括可膨胀石墨的橡胶膜描述了本发明的方面,但也预期可膨胀石墨可分散于其他聚合物膜内。这些膜的例子包括热塑性膜,如热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)、热塑性烯烃(TPO)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。加工还包括可膨胀石墨的聚合物组合物预期使用提供比所述石墨的膨胀开始温度更低的加工温度的加工技术,包括例如压延。
PVC
在本发明的至少一个实施例中,聚合物组合物包括聚氯乙烯组合物,所述聚氯乙烯组合物还包含可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂。
在本发明的至少一个实施例中,聚合物组合物包括聚氯乙烯组合物,所述聚氯乙烯组合物还包含可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂。在一个或多个实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包含每100重量份弹性体三元共聚物约5至约60重量份、在其他实施例中约10至约40重量份、在其他实施例中约20至约25重量份的可膨胀石墨。在某些实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包括至多60phr、在其他实施例中至多40phr、在其他实施例中至多30phr、在其他实施例中至多25phr、在其他实施例中至多20phr的可膨胀石墨。在某些实施例中,本发明的聚合物膜包括至少5phr、在其他实施例中至少10phr、在其他实施例中至少15phr、在其他实施例中至少20phr的可膨胀石墨。
在某些实施例中,聚合物组合物不含除了可膨胀石墨之外的阻燃剂。
为了说明本发明的实施,已制备和测试如下实例。然而,实例不应被视为限制本发明的范围。权利要求书用于限定本发明。
实例
样品1-4
制备四个非黑橡胶制剂,并测试其加工性质。每个橡胶制剂包含EPDM聚合物以及如下成分,所述成分的量以100重量份橡胶计:约51重量份(pbw)的二氧化硅、约58pbw的二氧化钛、约59pbw的油、约2pbw的烃蜡、约5pbw的聚乙烯蜡、约5pbw的氧化锌、约3.25pbw的硬脂酸、约2pbw的硅烷偶联剂、约1.5pbw的硫、约1.5pbw的二硫代氨基甲酸盐促进剂、和约0.3pbw的噻唑促进剂、以及表I中提供的另外的成分(所述成分以重量份提供)。通过使用两步混合工序混合制剂,其中固化剂、促进剂、和硬脂酸的一部分在第二低温混合步骤中添加。
表I
可膨胀石墨I以商标名Asbury 1721石墨(艾斯博瑞碳素公司(AsburyCarbons))获得,且特征在于20x50的粒度(标称尺寸,U.S.筛)(相当于标称尺寸大于300μm的粒子),约1至约6的pH,290比1(cc/g)的膨胀比,和约200℃的起始膨胀温度。可膨胀石墨II以商标名Asbury 3772石墨(艾斯博瑞碳素公司(Asbury Carbons))获得,且特征在于20x50的粒度(标称尺寸,U.S.筛)(相当于标称尺寸大于300μm的粒子),约5至约10的pH,290比1(cc/g)的膨胀比,和约200℃的起始膨胀温度。可膨胀石墨III以商标名Asbury 3626石墨(艾斯博瑞碳素公司(AsburyCarbons))获得,且特征在于60x200的粒度(标称尺寸,U.S.筛)(相当于标称尺寸大于75μm的粒子),约5至约10的pH,150比1(cc/g)的膨胀比,和约105℃的起始膨胀温度。
每个组合物的加工性质在100循环/分钟和0.5度下在设定在160℃下的橡胶加工分析仪中评价45分钟。分析仪设定为模拟在1.1下的移动双流变仪(MDR)。测试数据的结果提供于表I中。
样品5-16
以与表I中提供的那些样品类似的方式制备另外12个非黑EPDM样品。将这些样品固化成用于根据ASTM D 412的机械测试、根据ASTM D4833的刺穿测试、模头C撕裂测试的测试试样,以及用于阻燃性测试的经固化的6”x6”样品。具体地,阻燃性测试包括在样品架上将橡胶样品装订成半英寸ISO板,所述样品架以与地面成45度的角度设置膜和ISO板。设置具有2英寸火焰的丙烷火炬,使得火焰接触膜的端部。火焰施加2分钟,小心使得火焰不接触ISO板。视觉观察膜的阻燃性,并以1至5的数字方式评级,5表示提供最佳阻燃性的那些膜。也通过视觉检查确定膜自熄的能力,膜的自熄性质记录于表II中。
每个样品中所用的相关成分以及测试结果提供于表II中。
表II
样品17-21
制备5个黑色EPDM样品,并测试其物理性质以及阻燃性和自熄性质。每个制剂包含EPDM聚合物和以100重量份(pbw)橡胶计的如下成分:117pbw炭黑、45pbw滑石、67pbw油、5pbw氧化锌、2pbw硬脂酸、1.3pbw硫、0.2pbw秋兰姆促进剂和3.6pbw苯并噻唑次磺酰胺促进剂、以及提供于表III中的那些另外的成分。使用两步混合工序混合制剂,其中固化剂和促进剂在低温混合阶段中混合。物理测试和阻燃性测试的结果提供于表III中。
表III
不偏离本发明的范围和精神的各种修改和变化对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。本发明不会不适当地受限于本文所述的示例性实施例。
Claims (17)
1.一种屋顶膜,其包括:
经固化的橡胶的至少一个层;和
分散于所述经固化的橡胶内的可膨胀石墨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膜,其中所述经固化的橡胶源自固化乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述至少一个层包括每100重量份橡胶至多35重量份的可膨胀石墨。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述至少一个层包括每100重量份橡胶至多30重量份的可膨胀石墨。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述至少一个层包括每100重量份橡胶至多25重量份的可膨胀石墨。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述至少一个层包括每100重量份橡胶约2至约30重量份的可膨胀石墨。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述可膨胀石墨的特征在于至多为7的pH。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述可膨胀石墨的特征在于至多为6的pH。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述可膨胀石墨的特征在于至少160℃的起始温度。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述可膨胀石墨的特征在于至少170℃的起始温度。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述可膨胀石墨的特征在于在约30μm至约1.5mm范围内的平均粒度。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述屋顶膜包括分别源自第一橡胶组合物和第二橡胶组合物的第一层和第二层,且其中所述第一橡胶组合物包含所述可膨胀石墨,所述第二组合物基本上不含所述可膨胀石墨。
13.根据权利要求12所述的膜,其中所述第一层为黑色,所述第二层为非黑色。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中具有分散于其中的可膨胀石墨的所述至少一个层基本上不含含卤素的阻燃剂。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述组合物满足如UL94和/或UL 790所测试的防火性能标准。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述组合物基本上不含DBDPO。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膜,其中所述组合物基本上不含除了可膨胀石墨之外的阻燃剂。
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CN (2) | CN104011122A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012362118B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112014016058A8 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2862383A1 (zh) |
MX (2) | MX2014007841A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2620414C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013102208A1 (zh) |
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CN115038762A (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2022-09-09 | 卡莱尔建筑材料有限公司 | 用于制作耐火三元乙丙epdm橡胶的组合物及方法 |
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- 2012-12-31 CN CN201910020997.XA patent/CN110079023A/zh active Pending
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- 2012-12-31 CA CA2862383A patent/CA2862383A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-31 WO PCT/US2012/072309 patent/WO2013102208A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-31 EP EP12818767.1A patent/EP2797997B1/en active Active
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CN115038762A (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2022-09-09 | 卡莱尔建筑材料有限公司 | 用于制作耐火三元乙丙epdm橡胶的组合物及方法 |
Also Published As
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EP2797997A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
MX2021014923A (es) | 2022-02-22 |
JP2020041145A (ja) | 2020-03-19 |
RU2620414C2 (ru) | 2017-05-25 |
US20140373467A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
CN110079023A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
BR112014016058A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
AU2012362118A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US20170191271A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
EP2797997B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
AU2012362118B2 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
US10829938B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
CA2862383A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
MX2014007841A (es) | 2015-03-05 |
JP2015511967A (ja) | 2015-04-23 |
US9611639B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
WO2013102208A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
JP2018053247A (ja) | 2018-04-05 |
RU2014131230A (ru) | 2016-02-20 |
BR112014016058A8 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
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