[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

CH711688A1 - Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CH711688A1
CH711688A1 CH01567/15A CH15672015A CH711688A1 CH 711688 A1 CH711688 A1 CH 711688A1 CH 01567/15 A CH01567/15 A CH 01567/15A CH 15672015 A CH15672015 A CH 15672015A CH 711688 A1 CH711688 A1 CH 711688A1
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
snow
layer
temperature
determining
snowremt
Prior art date
Application number
CH01567/15A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Celio Tino
Rosselli Patrizio
Cioccari Andrea
Original Assignee
Celio Eng Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Celio Eng Sa filed Critical Celio Eng Sa
Priority to CH01567/15A priority Critical patent/CH711688A1/en
Publication of CH711688A1 publication Critical patent/CH711688A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01WMETEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00Meteorology
    • G01W1/14Rainfall or precipitation gauges
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4738Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, welches die kontinuierliche Ermittlung der Dichte, die optischen Eigenschaften einer Schneeschicht (26) während ihrer Bildung gestattet. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dichte einer Schneeschicht (26) mittels Drucksensoren (12) und eines Abstandssensors (13), sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der optischen Eigenschaften und der Temperaturen einer Schneeschicht mittels Lichtquelle (21), Lichtdetektoren 22 und eines Temperatursensors 24.The invention relates to a method which allows the continuous determination of the density, the optical properties of a snow layer (26) during its formation. The invention also relates to a device for measuring the density of a snow layer (26) by means of pressure sensors (12) and a distance sensor (13), and a device for determining the optical properties and temperatures of a layer of snow by means of light source (21), light detectors 22 and a Temperature sensor 24.

Description

Beschreibung [0001] Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Charakteristiken der Schneebeschichtung, welche für die Voraussage der Lawinengefahr wichtig sind.Description [0001] The invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining the characteristics of the snow coating that are important in predicting the avalanche danger.

[0002] Es ist jedem Bergtourist bekannt, dass oft die Bergführer den Rucksack ablegen und mit der Schaufel sorgfältig einen Schnitt der Schneedecke vornehmen, um die Eigenschaften der Beschichtung (frisch, nass, kristallin usw.) zu bestimmen.It is known to every mountain tourist that often take the mountain guide the backpack and carefully make a cut of the snow cover with the shovel to determine the properties of the coating (fresh, wet, crystalline, etc.).

[0003] Begrenzend zu diesem an sich wichtigen Vorgehen ist der Mangel an quantitativen und objektiven Angaben sowie ihre umständliche Durchführung.Limiting to this procedure, which is important in itself, is the lack of quantitative and objective information and its cumbersome implementation.

[0004] Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches die automatische und kontinuierliche Messung der wichtigsten Zustandsgrössen der Schneeschicht sowie die bidirektionale Transmission von Daten und Befehlen gestattet.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which allows the automatic and continuous measurement of the most important state variables of the snow layer and the bidirectional transmission of data and commands.

[0005] Die Erfindung basiert auf der laufenden Messung der gravimetrischen Dichte, der optischen Remission (Intensität und Farbe) und der Temperatur der sich aufbauende Schneeschicht. Aus dem Dichteverlauf lässt sich ihre mechanische Kompaktheit und Cohäsion, aus der optischen Remission lässt sich die kristalline Struktur und das Vorhandensein von Fremdeinlagen (z.B. Saharasand) ermitteln. Dies alles in Funktion der absoluten und differentiellen Temperaturverhältnisse.The invention is based on the ongoing measurement of the gravimetric density, the optical remission (intensity and color) and the temperature of the building up snow layer. From the density gradient, their mechanical compactness and cohesion can be determined, from the optical remission, the crystalline structure and the presence of foreign deposits (such as Sahara sand) can be determined. All this in function of the absolute and differential temperature conditions.

[0006] In der Folge wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 SnowDENS, d.h. der Teil, welcher der zeitliche Aufbau/Abbau der Dichte der Schneeschicht zu verfolgen gestattetFig. 1 SnowDENS, i. the part that allows the temporal buildup / degradation of the density of the snow layer to be tracked

Fig. 2 SnowREMT, d.h. der Teil, welcher die örtliche Weissheit und Farbe sowie die örtliche Temperatur der Schneeschicht zu verfolgen gestattet [0007] Fig. 1 stellt die Einrichtung zur Messung der Dichte dar.Fig. 2 SnowREMT, i. the part which permits tracking of the local whiteness and color as well as the local temperature of the snow layer Fig. 1 illustrates the device for measuring the density.

Der Schnee fällt auf Auflagefläche 11 [F], welche auf Drucksensoren 12 liegt und laufend das Gewicht [P] der sich aufbauenden Schneeschicht 26 messen. Gleichzeitig ermittelt Abstandssensor 13 seine Höhe H. Daraus wird laufend die Dichte D berechnet.The snow falls on bearing surface 11 [F], which lies on pressure sensors 12 and continuously measures the weight [P] of the building up snow layer 26. At the same time distance sensor 13 determines its height H. From this, the density D is calculated continuously.

Typische Werte sind Wasser 1000 kg/m3Typical values are water 1000 kg / m3

Pulverschnee 100 kg/m3Powder snow 100 kg / m3

Nassschnee 300-500 kg/m3 [0008] Fig. 2 stellt die Einrichtung zur Messung der Reflexion und der Temperatur dar. Vertikal angeordnet, in bekanntem Abstand (typisch 10 cm), liegt eine Reihe von Kleinstlichtquellen 21 (typisch LED-RGB), Lichtdetektoren 22 und Temperaturmesser 24.Wet snow 300-500 kg / m3 Figure 2 illustrates the device for measuring the reflection and the temperature. Vertically arranged, at a known distance (typically 10 cm), there is a series of miniature light sources 21 (typically LED-RGB), Light detectors 22 and temperature meter 24.

Lichtquellen 21 beleuchten mit L1 die Schneeschicht 26 und Detektoren 22 sammeln das reflektierte Licht L2. Daraus lässt sich der Remissionswert R ermitteln.Light sources 21 illuminate the snow layer 26 with L1 and detectors 22 collect the reflected light L2. From this the remission value R can be determined.

Typische Werte sind Idealweiss 100%Typical values are ideal white 100%

Pulverschnee 20%Powder snow 20%

Nassschnee 10%Wet snow 10%

Wasser 0%Water 0%

Claims (3)

[0009] Gleichzeitig wird anhand von Thermometer 24 die Temperatur der jeweiligen Schicht gemessen. Typische Werte an Sonnentagen sind Oberfläche +10°C Schichtmitte -2 °C Schichttiefe -7°C [0010] Selbstverständlich können SnowDENS und SnowREMT auch kombiniert werden, indem Stützsäulen 14 und 23 mechanisch verbunden werden Ausführungsbeispiel SnowDENS Messfläche 11 1m2 exagonal Drucksensoren 12 500 Kg 3 Stück Abstandssensor 13 Ultraschall temperaturkompensiert Säule 14 4m SnowREMT Remissionsdetektoren 10 cm Abstand Säule 23 2 m Datenübertragung 25 PatentansprücheAt the same time the temperature of the respective layer is measured by means of thermometer 24. Typical values on sunny days are Surface + 10 ° C Layer center -2 ° C Layer depth -7 ° C Of course, SnowDENS and SnowREMT can also be combined by mechanically connecting support columns 14 and 23. Example SnowDENS measurement surface 11 1m2 exagonal Pressure sensors 12 500 Kg 3 piece distance sensor 13 Ultrasonic temperature compensated column 14 4m SnowREMT reflectance detectors 10 cm distance column 23 2 m data transmission 25 Patentansprüche 1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Charakteristiken von Schneeschichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gravimetrische Dichte, optische Remission und Temperatur ermittelt werden, dass diese Messungen kontinuierlich erfolgen und absolut und differentiell ausgewertet werden.1. A method for determining the characteristics of snow layers, characterized in that gravimetric density, optical remission and temperature are determined that these measurements are made continuously and evaluated absolutely and differentially. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnten Sensoren hardwaremassig separat aufgestellt werden.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors mentioned are set up in hardware separately. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnten Sensoren hardwaremässig in einer einzigen Einheit kombiniert werden.3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors mentioned are combined in hardware in a single unit.
CH01567/15A 2015-10-27 2015-10-27 Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. CH711688A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) 2015-10-27 2015-10-27 Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) 2015-10-27 2015-10-27 Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH711688A1 true CH711688A1 (en) 2017-04-28

Family

ID=58589457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) 2015-10-27 2015-10-27 Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers.

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CH (1) CH711688A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6957593B1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2005-10-25 Burns Ian F Devices, systems, and methods for analyzing snow stability
DE102009039716B3 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-01-20 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Measurement method for the nondestructive analysis of a snow coating and measuring device for carrying out the measuring method
WO2012164493A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Politecnico Di Torino Method and device for measuring snow characteristics, in particular the density thereof
EP2551668A2 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 SET Software Engineering Tschürtz GmbH Apapratus for snow composition measurement
EP2813870A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-17 Ceská Zemedelská Univerzita V Praze Device for measuring of the time course of snow height, air temperature and temperature profile of snow layer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6957593B1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2005-10-25 Burns Ian F Devices, systems, and methods for analyzing snow stability
DE102009039716B3 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-01-20 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Measurement method for the nondestructive analysis of a snow coating and measuring device for carrying out the measuring method
WO2012164493A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Politecnico Di Torino Method and device for measuring snow characteristics, in particular the density thereof
EP2551668A2 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 SET Software Engineering Tschürtz GmbH Apapratus for snow composition measurement
EP2813870A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-17 Ceská Zemedelská Univerzita V Praze Device for measuring of the time course of snow height, air temperature and temperature profile of snow layer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Gaire et al. Treeline dynamics with climate change at the central Nepal Himalaya
Enoch et al. Comparing star formation on large scales in the c2d legacy clouds: Bolocam 1.1 mm dust continuum surveys of serpens, perseus, and ophiuchus
CN102436015B (en) Method and rain gauge for measuring rainfall by pulse illumination optics
CN104697937B (en) A kind of technical method of soil attribute bloom spectrum discrimination
EP1630758A3 (en) Scattered light smoke detector
CA2897690A1 (en) Systems and methods for detecting crack growth
EP1801844A3 (en) Method and apparatus for distance measurement
SA520420420B1 (en) Methods for predicting properties of clean formation fluid using real time downhole fluid analysis of contaminated samples
EP1079219A3 (en) Method and sensor for the temperature measurement of a medium
EP2444361A3 (en) Bridge bottom view device
CN107014836A (en) The method that moisture is measured using microwave technology
CA2638949A1 (en) Methods of and apparatus for determining the viscosity of heavy oil
CH711688A1 (en) Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers.
AT393169B (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GRANE SIZE ANALYSIS
DE102008019756B4 (en) Method for simultaneously measuring velocity and state parameter fields in a fluid flow
WO2014195883A4 (en) Method and device for detecting infrasound
DE102013106554A1 (en) Non-contact dental device
JP2007166967A (en) Method and apparatus for evaluating healthiness of tree
DE102016104270B4 (en) Technique for collecting snow profile data
Yadav Over two millennia long ring-width chronology of Himalayan pencil cedar from Western Himalaya, India
DE202017106043U1 (en) Moisture detector for detecting liquid water on a surface to be examined
Filin et al. Robust erosion measurement in agricultural fields by colour image processing and image measurement
Von Werder et al. The potential of pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry for evaluating the resistance of building materials to algal growth
McGWIRE et al. Dating annual layers of a shallow Antarctic ice core with an optical scanner
CN110514241A (en) Mountain tunnel country rock and lining temperature field, strain field test macro and test method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AZW Rejection (application)