CH711688A1 - Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH711688A1 CH711688A1 CH01567/15A CH15672015A CH711688A1 CH 711688 A1 CH711688 A1 CH 711688A1 CH 01567/15 A CH01567/15 A CH 01567/15A CH 15672015 A CH15672015 A CH 15672015A CH 711688 A1 CH711688 A1 CH 711688A1
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- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- snow
- layer
- temperature
- determining
- snowremt
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, welches die kontinuierliche Ermittlung der Dichte, die optischen Eigenschaften einer Schneeschicht (26) während ihrer Bildung gestattet. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dichte einer Schneeschicht (26) mittels Drucksensoren (12) und eines Abstandssensors (13), sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der optischen Eigenschaften und der Temperaturen einer Schneeschicht mittels Lichtquelle (21), Lichtdetektoren 22 und eines Temperatursensors 24.The invention relates to a method which allows the continuous determination of the density, the optical properties of a snow layer (26) during its formation. The invention also relates to a device for measuring the density of a snow layer (26) by means of pressure sensors (12) and a distance sensor (13), and a device for determining the optical properties and temperatures of a layer of snow by means of light source (21), light detectors 22 and a Temperature sensor 24.
Description
Beschreibung [0001] Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Charakteristiken der Schneebeschichtung, welche für die Voraussage der Lawinengefahr wichtig sind.Description [0001] The invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining the characteristics of the snow coating that are important in predicting the avalanche danger.
[0002] Es ist jedem Bergtourist bekannt, dass oft die Bergführer den Rucksack ablegen und mit der Schaufel sorgfältig einen Schnitt der Schneedecke vornehmen, um die Eigenschaften der Beschichtung (frisch, nass, kristallin usw.) zu bestimmen.It is known to every mountain tourist that often take the mountain guide the backpack and carefully make a cut of the snow cover with the shovel to determine the properties of the coating (fresh, wet, crystalline, etc.).
[0003] Begrenzend zu diesem an sich wichtigen Vorgehen ist der Mangel an quantitativen und objektiven Angaben sowie ihre umständliche Durchführung.Limiting to this procedure, which is important in itself, is the lack of quantitative and objective information and its cumbersome implementation.
[0004] Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches die automatische und kontinuierliche Messung der wichtigsten Zustandsgrössen der Schneeschicht sowie die bidirektionale Transmission von Daten und Befehlen gestattet.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which allows the automatic and continuous measurement of the most important state variables of the snow layer and the bidirectional transmission of data and commands.
[0005] Die Erfindung basiert auf der laufenden Messung der gravimetrischen Dichte, der optischen Remission (Intensität und Farbe) und der Temperatur der sich aufbauende Schneeschicht. Aus dem Dichteverlauf lässt sich ihre mechanische Kompaktheit und Cohäsion, aus der optischen Remission lässt sich die kristalline Struktur und das Vorhandensein von Fremdeinlagen (z.B. Saharasand) ermitteln. Dies alles in Funktion der absoluten und differentiellen Temperaturverhältnisse.The invention is based on the ongoing measurement of the gravimetric density, the optical remission (intensity and color) and the temperature of the building up snow layer. From the density gradient, their mechanical compactness and cohesion can be determined, from the optical remission, the crystalline structure and the presence of foreign deposits (such as Sahara sand) can be determined. All this in function of the absolute and differential temperature conditions.
[0006] In der Folge wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 SnowDENS, d.h. der Teil, welcher der zeitliche Aufbau/Abbau der Dichte der Schneeschicht zu verfolgen gestattetFig. 1 SnowDENS, i. the part that allows the temporal buildup / degradation of the density of the snow layer to be tracked
Fig. 2 SnowREMT, d.h. der Teil, welcher die örtliche Weissheit und Farbe sowie die örtliche Temperatur der Schneeschicht zu verfolgen gestattet [0007] Fig. 1 stellt die Einrichtung zur Messung der Dichte dar.Fig. 2 SnowREMT, i. the part which permits tracking of the local whiteness and color as well as the local temperature of the snow layer Fig. 1 illustrates the device for measuring the density.
Der Schnee fällt auf Auflagefläche 11 [F], welche auf Drucksensoren 12 liegt und laufend das Gewicht [P] der sich aufbauenden Schneeschicht 26 messen. Gleichzeitig ermittelt Abstandssensor 13 seine Höhe H. Daraus wird laufend die Dichte D berechnet.The snow falls on bearing surface 11 [F], which lies on pressure sensors 12 and continuously measures the weight [P] of the building up snow layer 26. At the same time distance sensor 13 determines its height H. From this, the density D is calculated continuously.
Typische Werte sind Wasser 1000 kg/m3Typical values are water 1000 kg / m3
Pulverschnee 100 kg/m3Powder snow 100 kg / m3
Nassschnee 300-500 kg/m3 [0008] Fig. 2 stellt die Einrichtung zur Messung der Reflexion und der Temperatur dar. Vertikal angeordnet, in bekanntem Abstand (typisch 10 cm), liegt eine Reihe von Kleinstlichtquellen 21 (typisch LED-RGB), Lichtdetektoren 22 und Temperaturmesser 24.Wet snow 300-500 kg / m3 Figure 2 illustrates the device for measuring the reflection and the temperature. Vertically arranged, at a known distance (typically 10 cm), there is a series of miniature light sources 21 (typically LED-RGB), Light detectors 22 and temperature meter 24.
Lichtquellen 21 beleuchten mit L1 die Schneeschicht 26 und Detektoren 22 sammeln das reflektierte Licht L2. Daraus lässt sich der Remissionswert R ermitteln.Light sources 21 illuminate the snow layer 26 with L1 and detectors 22 collect the reflected light L2. From this the remission value R can be determined.
Typische Werte sind Idealweiss 100%Typical values are ideal white 100%
Pulverschnee 20%Powder snow 20%
Nassschnee 10%Wet snow 10%
Wasser 0%Water 0%
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. |
Publications (1)
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CH711688A1 true CH711688A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
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CH01567/15A CH711688A1 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of snow layers. |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6957593B1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2005-10-25 | Burns Ian F | Devices, systems, and methods for analyzing snow stability |
DE102009039716B3 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-01-20 | Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg | Measurement method for the nondestructive analysis of a snow coating and measuring device for carrying out the measuring method |
WO2012164493A1 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | Politecnico Di Torino | Method and device for measuring snow characteristics, in particular the density thereof |
EP2551668A2 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-30 | SET Software Engineering Tschürtz GmbH | Apapratus for snow composition measurement |
EP2813870A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-17 | Ceská Zemedelská Univerzita V Praze | Device for measuring of the time course of snow height, air temperature and temperature profile of snow layer |
-
2015
- 2015-10-27 CH CH01567/15A patent/CH711688A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6957593B1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2005-10-25 | Burns Ian F | Devices, systems, and methods for analyzing snow stability |
DE102009039716B3 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-01-20 | Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg | Measurement method for the nondestructive analysis of a snow coating and measuring device for carrying out the measuring method |
WO2012164493A1 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | Politecnico Di Torino | Method and device for measuring snow characteristics, in particular the density thereof |
EP2551668A2 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-30 | SET Software Engineering Tschürtz GmbH | Apapratus for snow composition measurement |
EP2813870A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-17 | Ceská Zemedelská Univerzita V Praze | Device for measuring of the time course of snow height, air temperature and temperature profile of snow layer |
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