CH347393A - Method of lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housing - Google Patents
Method of lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housingInfo
- Publication number
- CH347393A CH347393A CH347393DA CH347393A CH 347393 A CH347393 A CH 347393A CH 347393D A CH347393D A CH 347393DA CH 347393 A CH347393 A CH 347393A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- housing
- parts
- lubricated
- lubricating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/02—Evacuated cases; Cases filled with gas or liquids; Cases containing substances for absorbing or binding moisture or dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/08—Lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/18—Ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/044—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms, e.g. furans, dioxolanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/024—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/16—Nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/04—Aerosols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/08—Solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Schmieren der Reibungsflächen von in einem Gehäuse eingeschlossenen Teilen Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schmieren von Teilen, die in einem wenn mög lich ganz dichten, vorzugsweise mindestens wasser dichten Gehäuse eingeschlossen sind. Wie man weiss, wirft die Schmierung solcher Teile eine Grosszahl von Problemen auf, besonders wenn es sich um fein mechanische Teile in Messinstrumenten und Präzi sionsapparaten wie Uhren handelt.
Besonders bei der wasserdichten automatischen Uhr, deren Weiterentwicklung von der Industrie in den letzten Jahren mit Erfolg betrieben wurde, sind immer noch nicht alle mit der Schmierung zusam menhängenden Probleme gelöst. Das derzeit verwen dete Schmierverfahren, welches darin besteht, dass man ein flüssiges Schmiermittel, also z. B. ein Öl, auf die zu schmierenden, der Reibung ausgesetzten Flächen anbringt, weist verschiedene Nachteile auf, deren hauptsächlichste folgende sind: 1. Flüssige Schmiermittel zeigen Alterungserschei- nungen, das heisst sie polymerisieren oder verharzen, sie oxydieren oder verändern sich sonst durch atmo sphärische Einflüsse und Reibungswärme, so dass sie ihre Schmiereigenschaften mehr oder weniger rasch verlieren; 2.
Durch die Reibung entsteht stets ein gewisser Abrieb, der vom flüssigen Schmiermittel an den rei benden Flächen festgehalten wird, sich von dort kaum entfernen lässt und so dort eine schmirgelnde Wirkung ausübt, die innert mehr oder weniger kurzer Frist zur Zerstörung der Reibungsflächen führt.
3. Es ist schwierig, das Schmiermittel zu erneuern, so dass diese Arbeit durch Spezialisten, wenn nicht gar durch den Fabrikanten auszuführen ist.
4. Bei flüssigen Schmiermitteln besteht meist die Möglichkeit, dass sie von der Reibungsfläche weg geschleudert werden oder wegfliessen können, wodurch die Reibungsstelle ungenügend geschmiert wird, andere Teile dagegen verschmiert und ungleich be netzt werden.
Das Verfahren nach der vorliegenden Erfindung bezweckt nun, die vorgenannten Nachteile nach Möglichkeit zu beheben. Während es sich bei den bisher angewandten Schmierverfahren meist um eine hydrodynamische Schmierung handelt, betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Grenzflächenschmierung, das heisst es soll auf der zu schmierenden Fläche eine reibungsvermindernde, absorbierte Schicht erzeugt und aufrechterhalten werden, die mono- oder mehr molekular sein kann. Aus dem Buch The Friction and Lubrification of Solids von F. P. Bowden and D.
Tabor (1950) ist es bekannt, den Einfluss .einer durch die Fläche eines Festkörpers adsorbierten Gas schicht festzustellen, die im allgemeinen den Rei bungskoeffizienten zwischen zwei derartigen Flächen sowie die Abnützung einer oder beider Flächen redu ziert. Obwohl diese Wirkung der adsorbierenden Schichten in der Theorie schon längere Zeit bekannt ist, wurde bis jetzt die industrielle Verwertung dieser Schmierung weder vorgeschlagen noch versucht, was seinen Grund darin hatte, dass bis jetzt einerseits die Schwierigkeiten der technischen Anwendung im Wege standen und anderseits keine Notwendigkeit zur An wendung gerade dieses Verfahrens gesehen wurde.
In der Tat bereitete es grosse Schwierigkeiten, eine solche Schmierschicht herzustellen, und eine weitere Schwierigkeit bestand darin, die nötigen Massnahmen zu treffen, damit eine solche adsorbierte Schicht sich nach einer allfälligen Zerstörung wieder erneuern konnte. Es wurde nun gefunden, dass sich gerade dieses Schmierverfahren besonders für mechanische Teile eignet, die in einem mehr oder weniger dichten Gehäuse eingeschlossen sind, also z. B. zur Schmie- rang der sich bewegenden Teile von wasserdichten Uhren. Ausgedehnte Versuche haben auch gezeigt, dass eine solche Schmierschicht den durch die Rei bung verursachten Abrieb nicht ansammelt, so dass sie nicht mit der Zeit zu einer Schmirgelschicht wird.
Aus dem Nachfolgenden ergibt sich, welche Massnahmen getroffen werden können, um eine solche Schmierschicht zu erzeugen und aufrechtzu erhalten. Das Verfahren zum Schmieren der Reibungs flächen von in einem Gehäuse eingeschlossenen mechanischen Teilen nach dem vorliegenden Patent ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in dem Gehäuse eine bei der Arbeitstemperatur dieser Teile minde stens teilweise verdampfende Substanz unterbringt, deren Moleküle mindestens von den zu schmierenden Flächen der genannten Teile adsorbiert werden und auf ihnen eine mindestens monomolekulare Schicht bilden.
Als verdampfbare Substanz kann eine solche ver wendet werden, die von der zu schmierenden Fläche chemisorbiert oder eine, die von ihr physikalisch adsorbiert wird, und die einen der Arbeitstemperatur der Teile und der Dichtigkeit des Gehäuses ange passten Dampfdruck hat, der z. B. bei einer wasser dichten Uhr unterhalb 600 Torr liegen soll.
Als Sub stanzen eignen sich zu diesem Zweck unter anderem Kohlenwasserstoffe. Wenn die zu schmierenden Flä chen eines Saphirs oder eloxierte Aluminiumflächen sind, also Flächen, die amphoter reagieren, so eignen sich Stoffe mit polaren, basisch wirkenden Endgrup- pen, wie z. B. Amine, Phosphine und Arsine. Von den ersteren wiederum haben sich besonders die Hexylamine für gewisse Zwecke als gut verwendbar erwiesen. Mit einigen Tropfen n-Hexylamin kann z.
B. ein irgendwo in einem wasserdichten Uhrgehäuse untergebrachter Tampon befeuchtet werden. Da die Substanz bei Zimmertemperatur einen Dampfdruck von etwa 7,5 Torr hat, verdampft sie teilweise und bildet auf den zu schmierenden Flächen eine minde stens monomolekulare Schicht, da sich die einzelnen Moleküle mit ihren polaren, basisch wirkenden End- gruppen auf ihr festsetzen werden. Diese Schicht erneuert sich dort aus der Flüssigkeitsreserve über die Gasphase in kürzester Zeit, wo sie aus irgend einem Grunde ein Loch erhalten hat.
Da sie so dünn ist, hat sie zwar eine ausgezeichnete Schmierwirkung, jedoch nicht die Fähigkeit, abgeriebene Teilchen der aufeinanderreibenden Flächen festzuhalten, die sich daher aus dem Lager fortbewegen können und das Lager nicht angreifen. Als Material für den Tampon eignet sich irgendein saugfähiger Körper, wie z. B. Filz, Löschpapier, oder auch ein Sinterkörper.
Aus dem Vorstehenden ist ersichtlich, dass es möglich ist, nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eine Schmierung von in einem Gehäuse eingeschlosse nen Teilchen zu erhalten, ohne dass man flüssige Schmiermittel direkt auf die zu schmierenden Flächen aufbringt, und infolgedessen kann man alle einleitend genannten Nachteile der flüssigen Schmiermittel ver meiden. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren hat des weiteren den Vorteil, dass alle Flächen des Mechanis mus praktisch trocken bleiben, wodurch z.
B. die Reglage-Eigenschaften einer Uhr wesentlich verbes sert werden, und dass automatisch eine Erneuerung der adsorbierten Schichten erfolgt. Selbstverständlich ist das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren nicht auf die Verwendung einer flüssigen Substanz, wie z. B. des Hexylamins, beschränkt, sondern es können auch andere Substanzen, die fest oder gasförmig sein kön nen und deren Moleküle sich zur Bildung einer rei bungsvermindernden Schicht adsorbieren lassen, ver wendet werden.
Besonders zur Schmierung von Flä chen, die das Hexylamin nicht nur chemisorbieren, sondern mit ihm derart reagieren, dass sich Korro sionsprodukte bilden, wie das bei Cu und Cu-Legie- rungen der Fall ist, wird man eine andere Substanz wählen. Zweckmässigerweise wird man als Schmier mittel eine Substanz verwenden, deren Dampfdruck unter 50 Torr liegt, damit die Erneuerung allfällig sich bildender Löcher der Schmierschicht aus der Flüssigkeit oder der festen Phase über die gasförmige Phase gewährleistet bleibt.
Als weitere Substanzen für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignen sich eine oder mehrere aus den folgenden Substanzen respek tive Substanzgruppen: Kohlenwasserstoffe (z. B. Pentan, Hexan, Heptan, Oktan, Nonan, Dekan, Undekan, Dodekan, Penten, Hexen, Hepten, Okten, Benzol, Toluol, Xylol, Mesi- tylen, Tetramethylbenzol,
Äthylbenzol, Diäthylbenzol, Triäthylbenzol, Butylbenzol, Amylbenzol, Diamyl- benzol, Dibutylbenzol, Methyläthylbenzol, Methyl- butylbenzol, Methylpropylbenzol, Äthylpropylbenzol, Äthylbutylbenzol, Amylnaphthalin, Cyclopentan, Cyclohexan,
Cycloheptan, Tetralin, Dekalin und Pinen), Kohlenwasserstoffgemische (wie z. B. Kerosen, Petroleum, Lampenpetroleum, Terpenalin, Siedegren- zenbenzin, Leichtbenzin, Ligroin, Gasolin, Petrol- äther, Autobenzin, Heizöl, Rohöl, Dieselöl und Paraffinöl), halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (z. B.
n-Propylchlorid, n-Propylbromid, n-Propylfluorid, n-Butylchlorid; n-Butylbromid, n-Butylfluorid, Pentyl- chlorid, Pentylbromid, Pentylfluorid (=Amylfluorid), Hexylchlorid, Hexylbromid, Hexylfluorid, Heptyl- chlorid, Heptylbromid, Heptylfluorid,
Chlorbenzol, Di-, tri-, tetrahalogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, Per chloräthylen), Aldehyde, (z. B. Önanthaldehyd, Butyr- aldehyd), Ketone (z. B. Methyl-n-nonylketon), Alko hole (z. B. Butanol, Äthanol, n-Amylalkohol und Benzylalkohol), Fettsäuren (z. B. Önanthsäure), Ni trile (z. B. Propionitril, Benzonitril), Äther (z. B.
Dibutyläther, Diamyläther, Dihexyläther, Methyl- dezyläther), Ester (z. B. Amylacetat, Butylacetat, Butylbutyrat, Amylbutyrat, Glykoldiformiat, Propyl- formiat, Hexylacetat, Äthyllactat, Dibutyloxalat, Di- äthyloxalat, Tributylborat,
Triäthylborat und Äthyl- acetat), Thioaldehyde (z. B. Thioönanthaldehyd, Thio- butyraldehyd), Thioalkohole (z. B. Butylmerkaptan), Thioäther (z. B. Methyldezylthioäther und Diäthyl- sulfid), Thiocyanate (z. B. Äthylthiocyanat), Isothio- cyanate (z.
B. Äthylisothiocyanat), sowie Amyl-, Methyl- und Butyl- Cellosolve , Piperidin, Propylen- oxyd, Schwefelkohlenstoff.
Es ist des weiteren zu bemerken, dass es, falls die zu schmierenden Flächen nicht metallisch sind, son dern z. B. Flächen von Edelsteinen, zweckmässig ist, diese Flächen zuerst zu reinigen. Diese Reinigung kann z. B. durch Erhitzen im Vakuum erfolgen, wor auf man im selben Vakuum sich die erste adsorbie- rende Schicht bilden lässt. Anderseits kann es zweck mässig sein, zur Schmierung von Flächen gewisser Materialien die Gegenwart von feuchter Luft auszu nützen, um so eine amphoter reagierende Oberfläche zu erhalten, von welcher die Moleküle mit polaren, basisch wirkenden Endgruppen chemisorbiert werden können.
Es wurde festgestellt, dass sich Stoffe, die einfach gebaute Moleküle aufweisen, besser eignen als solche, die aus komplizierter gebauten Molekülen bestehen. Besonders günstig sind Stoffe, deren Molekül am einen Ende eine freie -SH-Gruppe aufweist, wie z. B. die Merkaptane, obwohl sich diese wegen ihres pene tranten Geruches nicht überall verwenden lassen.
Als günstig und zweckmässig haben sich zur Schmierung der Achsen und Lager wie der Ankerteile von Uhren vor allem die monohalogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffe (Propylchlorid, Propylbromid, Äthylbromid usw.) erwiesen sowie Kerosen, Xylol, Dekalin und Mesi- tylen. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass Achslager, die mit diesen Substanzen über die Dampfphase ge schmiert waren, sowohl zu Beginn, wie auch nach sehr langer Versuchszeit einen Reibungskoeffizienten aufwiesen,
der kleiner oder gleich gross war als der jenige derselben Teile, wenn sie mit bestem Uhrenöl geschmiert waren.
Es ist natürlich nicht nötig, dass der mindestens teilweise verdampfende Stoff in flüssiger Form in das Gehäuse eingebracht wird. Er kann auch in fester oder gasförmiger Form eingebracht werden und darf selbstverständlich bei Arbeitstemperatur auch so weit in Dampfform übergehen, dass nur noch eine mono molekulare Schicht auf den Reibungsflächen gebildet wird.
Method for lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housing The present invention relates to a method for lubricating parts which are enclosed in a housing which is, if possible, completely airtight, preferably at least watertight. As is known, the lubrication of such parts poses a large number of problems, especially when it comes to fine mechanical parts in measuring instruments and precision apparatus such as watches.
Especially in the case of the waterproof automatic watch, the further development of which has been successfully pursued by the industry in recent years, not all problems related to lubrication have been solved. The currently used lubrication method, which consists in using a liquid lubricant, so z. For example, applying an oil to the surfaces to be lubricated exposed to friction has various disadvantages, the main ones being the following: 1. Liquid lubricants show signs of aging, that is, they polymerize or resinify, they oxidize or otherwise change through atmospheric pressure spherical influences and frictional heat, so that they lose their lubricating properties more or less quickly; 2.
The friction always creates a certain amount of abrasion, which is held by the liquid lubricant on the friction surfaces, can hardly be removed from there and thus has an abrasive effect there that leads to the destruction of the friction surfaces within a more or less short period of time.
3. It is difficult to renew the lubricant, so this work must be carried out by specialists, if not the manufacturer.
4. With liquid lubricants there is usually the possibility that they can be thrown away from the friction surface or flow away, whereby the friction point is insufficiently lubricated, while other parts are smeared and unevenly be wetted.
The method according to the present invention now aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages as far as possible. While the previously used lubrication methods are mostly hydrodynamic lubrication, the present invention relates to interfacial lubrication, that is, a friction-reducing, absorbed layer which can be mono- or more molecular should be created and maintained on the surface to be lubricated. From the book The Friction and Lubrification of Solids by F. P. Bowden and D.
Tabor (1950) it is known to determine the influence of a gas layer adsorbed by the surface of a solid, which generally reduces the coefficient of friction between two such surfaces and the wear and tear of one or both surfaces. Although this effect of the adsorbing layers has been known in theory for a long time, the industrial utilization of this lubrication has not been proposed or attempted, which was due to the fact that up to now, on the one hand, the difficulties of technical application stood in the way and, on the other hand, no necessity was seen to apply precisely this method.
In fact, it was very difficult to produce such a smear layer, and a further difficulty consisted in taking the necessary measures so that such an adsorbed layer could renew itself after any destruction. It has now been found that precisely this lubrication method is particularly suitable for mechanical parts that are enclosed in a more or less tight housing, so z. B. for lubrication of the moving parts of watertight watches. Extensive tests have also shown that such a smear layer does not accumulate the abrasion caused by the friction, so that it does not become an emery layer over time.
The following shows which measures can be taken to create and maintain such a smear layer. The method for lubricating the friction surfaces of mechanical parts enclosed in a housing according to the present patent is characterized in that a substance which at least partially evaporates at the working temperature of these parts is accommodated in the housing, the molecules of which are at least from the surfaces to be lubricated of the aforementioned Parts are adsorbed and form an at least monomolecular layer on them.
As a vaporizable substance can be used ver that chemisorbed by the surface to be lubricated or one that is physically adsorbed by it, and one of the working temperature of the parts and the tightness of the housing has adjusted vapor pressure, the z. B. should be below 600 Torr in a waterproof watch.
Suitable substances for this purpose include hydrocarbons. If the surfaces to be lubricated are sapphire or anodized aluminum surfaces, ie surfaces that react amphoterically, then substances with polar, basic-acting end groups, such as B. amines, phosphines and arsines. Of the former, in turn, the hexylamines in particular have proven to be useful for certain purposes. With a few drops of n-hexylamine z.
B. a tampon housed somewhere in a waterproof watch case can be moistened. Since the substance has a vapor pressure of about 7.5 Torr at room temperature, it partially evaporates and forms an at least monomolecular layer on the surfaces to be lubricated, as the individual molecules with their polar, basic end groups will attach themselves to it. This layer is renewed in a very short time from the liquid reserve via the gas phase, where for some reason it has received a hole.
Because it is so thin, although it has excellent lubricating properties, it does not have the ability to hold abraded particles from the surfaces rubbing against one another, which can therefore move away from the bearing and not attack the bearing. Any absorbent body, such as, for. B. felt, blotting paper, or a sintered body.
From the above it can be seen that it is possible, according to the method according to the invention, to obtain lubrication of particles enclosed in a housing without applying liquid lubricants directly to the surfaces to be lubricated, and consequently all of the disadvantages of the liquid mentioned in the introduction Avoid lubricants. The inventive method has the further advantage that all surfaces of the mechanism remain practically dry, whereby z.
B. the regulation properties of a clock are significantly improved, and that the adsorbed layers are automatically renewed. Of course, the inventive method is not limited to the use of a liquid substance, such as. B. hexylamine, but other substances that can be solid or gaseous and whose molecules can be adsorbed to form a friction-reducing layer can be used ver.
A different substance will be chosen, especially for the lubrication of surfaces that not only chemisorb the hexylamine but also react with it in such a way that corrosion products are formed, as is the case with Cu and Cu alloys. Appropriately, a substance will be used as the lubricant, the vapor pressure of which is below 50 Torr, so that the renewal of any holes that may form in the lubricant layer from the liquid or the solid phase via the gaseous phase is guaranteed.
Other substances suitable for the process according to the invention are one or more of the following substance groups: hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, Benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetramethylbenzene,
Ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, triethylbenzene, butylbenzene, amylbenzene, diamylbenzene, dibutylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, methylbutylbenzene, methylpropylbenzene, ethylpropylbenzene, ethylbutylbenzene, amylnaphane, cyclohexane, phthalene, cyclohexane
Cycloheptane, tetralin, decalin and pinene), hydrocarbon mixtures (such as kerosene, petroleum, lamp kerosene, terpenaline, special boiling petrol, light petrol, ligroin, gasoline, petroleum ether, car petrol, heating oil, crude oil, diesel oil and paraffin oil), halogenated Hydrocarbons (e.g.
n-propyl chloride, n-propyl bromide, n-propyl fluoride, n-butyl chloride; n-butyl bromide, n-butyl fluoride, pentyl chloride, pentyl bromide, pentyl fluoride (= amyl fluoride), hexyl chloride, hexyl bromide, hexyl fluoride, heptyl chloride, heptyl bromide, heptyl fluoride,
Chlorobenzene, di-, tri-, tetrahalogenated hydrocarbons, per chloroethylene), aldehydes (e.g. enanthaldehyde, butyraldehyde), ketones (e.g. methyl-n-nonyl ketone), alcohols (e.g. butanol , Ethanol, n-amyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol), fatty acids (e.g. enanthic acid), nitric (e.g. propionitrile, benzonitrile), ethers (e.g.
Dibutyl ether, diamyl ether, dihexyl ether, methyl decyl ether), esters (e.g. amyl acetate, butyl acetate, butyl butyrate, amyl butyrate, glycol formate, propyl formate, hexyl acetate, ethyl lactate, dibutyl oxalate, di-ethyloxalate, tributyl oxalate,
Triethyl borate and ethyl acetate), thioaldehydes (e.g. thioönanthaldehyde, thiobutyraldehyde), thioalcohols (e.g. butyl mercaptan), thioethers (e.g. methyl decyl thioether and diethyl sulfide), thiocyanates (e.g. ethyl thiocyanate) , Isothiocyanates (e.g.
B. ethyl isothiocyanate), as well as amyl, methyl and butyl cellosolve, piperidine, propylene oxide, carbon disulfide.
It should also be noted that if the surfaces to be lubricated are not metallic, son countries z. B. surfaces of precious stones, it is advisable to clean these surfaces first. This cleaning can e.g. B. be done by heating in a vacuum, whereupon the first adsorbing layer can be formed in the same vacuum. On the other hand, it may be useful to use the presence of moist air trainees to lubricate surfaces of certain materials in order to obtain an amphoteric surface from which the molecules with polar, basic-acting end groups can be chemisorbed.
It has been found that substances that have simply built molecules are more suitable than those that consist of more complex molecules. Substances whose molecule has a free -SH group at one end, such as. B. the mercaptans, although they cannot be used everywhere because of their pene tranten smell.
Monohalogenated hydrocarbons (propyl chloride, propyl bromide, ethyl bromide, etc.) as well as kerosene, xylene, decalin and mesitylene have proven to be favorable and useful for the lubrication of axles and bearings as well as the armature parts of watches. Tests have shown that axle bearings that were lubricated with these substances via the vapor phase had a coefficient of friction both at the beginning and after a very long test period,
which was smaller or the same size as the one of the same parts when they were lubricated with the best watch oil.
It is of course not necessary for the at least partially evaporating substance to be introduced into the housing in liquid form. It can also be introduced in solid or gaseous form and, of course, may change into vapor form at working temperature to such an extent that only a monomolecular layer is formed on the friction surfaces.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1208799X | 1957-12-24 | ||
CH347393T | 1957-12-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH347393A true CH347393A (en) | 1960-06-30 |
Family
ID=61627951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH347393D CH347393A (en) | 1957-12-24 | 1957-12-24 | Method of lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housing |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH347393A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1208799A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984004896A1 (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1984-12-20 | Boeing Co | Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holes |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH698230B1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2011-01-14 | Rolex Sa | Shows. |
-
1957
- 1957-12-24 CH CH347393D patent/CH347393A/en unknown
-
1958
- 1958-11-21 FR FR1208799D patent/FR1208799A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984004896A1 (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1984-12-20 | Boeing Co | Coldworking method and lubrication system for coldworking of holes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1208799A (en) | 1960-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE112011101699T5 (en) | Structured coating on a surface of a component | |
CH347393A (en) | Method of lubricating the friction surfaces of parts enclosed in a housing | |
DE1750230A1 (en) | Process to improve the sealing effect of radial sealing rings against lubricants that contain additives | |
DE508305C (en) | Process for the uniform application of fine particles of fabric in powder or liquid form, e.g. of condensed water vapor on tobacco to be moistened | |
DE676270C (en) | Device for dividing gases into liquids | |
DE493302C (en) | Process for the arbitrary change of the contact angle of liquids on solid substrates | |
DE535972C (en) | Microphone contact body with hard carbon coating | |
DE712449C (en) | Process for nitrogen oxide purification from gases | |
DE688426C (en) | Valve plug for electrolytic capacitors | |
DE671284C (en) | Oil-filled electrical apparatus with arcing under oil, especially Schlter | |
DE351869C (en) | Process for the production of insulating tape for electrical purposes | |
DE1792757C3 (en) | Process for removing carbon | |
DE578342C (en) | Device for continuous measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration of liquids with the platinum hydrogen electrode | |
DE747738C (en) | Method and device for applying fluorescent coatings to the inside of electric fluorescent tubes | |
DE405785C (en) | Process for the impregnation of vulcanized fiber sheets or sheets and articles made from them | |
DE566449C (en) | Process for the oxidation of liquid hydrocarbons | |
DE482135C (en) | Process for impregnating porous insulating materials | |
DE441168C (en) | Replacement for sheet metal rolls, especially for the cigarette industry | |
DE872623C (en) | High pressure lubricant | |
DE522480C (en) | Process for the extraction of organic substances from aqueous mixtures, emulsions, solutions or gas mixtures | |
DE759823C (en) | Shut-off valve for high vacuum vessels | |
DE542352C (en) | Method and device for the recovery of volatile solvents from gases | |
DE379150C (en) | Method and device for operating dry gas meters | |
DE573669C (en) | Device for humidifying the intake air of internal combustion engines | |
DE576427C (en) | Process for the extraction of tar from raw ammonia water |